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Comer, Jonathan C., Amy K. Graham, and Stacey R. Brown. "Relating Transportation Quality Indicators to Economic Conditions in the South-Central U.S." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2011070101.
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Investment in transportation infrastructure is widely assumed to spur economic growth, a belief that persists among both the general public and government officials. However, research has provided inconsistent evidence to date, and many researchers believe that good transportation is a necessary but insufficient condition for regional growth. This study examines the issue from a different perspective than the majority of past research, using spatial regression techniques to explore the relationship between transportation quality and regional economic development at an intermediate spatial resolution. Using federal highway statistics on pavement roughness and bridge quality, this research examines the relationship between measurable results of transportation spending, as evidenced by better quality roads and bridges, and various indicators of economic health. This relationship is examined in the South-Central U.S. (Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) at the county level and uncovers moderate to weak regression coefficients overall but with notable spatial variations across the study area.
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Rogers, Danny H., Jonathan Aguilar, and Vaishali Sharda. "Kansas Center Pivot Uniformity Evaluation Overview." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 6 (2019): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13335.
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Abstract. Center pivot irrigation systems are the most common system type in Kansas for a variety of factors – one of which is the ability to deliver a uniform depth of water application for a variety of crops and field conditions. Uniform applications are dependent on properly designed, installed and operated sprinkler nozzle packages. Uniformity evaluations were conducted as part of the Mobile Irrigation Lab (MIL) project to promote adoption of improved irrigation management practices with an emphasis on ET based irrigation scheduling. Since efficient and uniform water applications are critical to successful irrigation scheduling; MIL assessment included evaluation of sprinkler package performance using a single line catch can test. Catch can data was used to calculate the coefficient of uniformity (CU) and average application depth. The average CU value of the tested systems was 78.7 with a range of from 91.9 to 53.2. Many of the factors affecting pivot uniformity could have been identified and corrected with a visual inspection and/or comparison to the manufacturer’s sprinkler design specifications. Some of the catch tests indicated poorly designed and/or maintained sprinkler systems with reduced uniformity directly impacting crop performance, water use efficiency and economic results. Initial information was used in extension programs to illustrate the effect of various correctable sprinkler package deficiencies on performance and to encourage irrigation farmers to examine their nozzle packages and operating conditions. Keywords: Center pivot irrigation, Sprinkler packages, Uniformity.
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Dehnel, Grażyna, and Jacek Kowalewski. "Administrative sources and short-term business statistics." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 60, no. 11 (November 30, 2015): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8261.
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The increased interest in data on entrepreneurship and economic conditions of local character determines the need for systematic expansion of the information provided by economic statistics. The economic need to reduce the costs of creating the official statistics and the pressure to reduce burdens on business units and statistical reporting are limitations. Reconciling these expectations is not easy. On the one hand there is a need to modernize research methodology towards increasing the use of administrative systems. On the other hand, particular attention should be paid to maintaining the proper communication of official statistics with respondents and data users. These projects take on a special dimension in the short-term business statistics, due to the large number and frequency of research. This article presents the challenges and prospects for short-term statistics of enterprises against the existing rules and business conditions.
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Ubilava, David. "ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL INSTABILITY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: STRESSING THE BUSINESS OF NONLINEAR MODELING." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516001127.
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The recent global financial crisis and the subsequent recession have revitalized the discussion on causal interactions between financial and economic sectors. In this study, I apply the financial stress and the national activity indices–respectively developed by Federal Reserve Banks of Kansas City and Chicago–to investigate the impact of financial uncertainty on an overall economic performance. I examine nonlinear dynamics in a vector smooth transition autoregressive framework, and illustrate regime-dependent asymmetries in the financial and economic indices using the generalized impulse-response functions. The results reveal more amplified dynamics during the stressed conditions. I further evaluate benefits of nonlinear modeling in an out-of-sample setting. The forecasting exercise brings out the important advantages that nonlinear modeling provides in the identification of the causal effect of financial instability on overall economic performance.
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Frale, Cecilia, Massimiliano Marcellino, Gian Luigi Mazzi, and Tommaso Proietti. "EUROMIND: a monthly indicator of the euro area economic conditions." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 174, no. 2 (November 30, 2010): 439–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2010.00675.x.
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Lepenies, Philipp. "Modeling, Statistics and Political Circumstances." European Journal of Sociology 56, no. 3 (December 2015): 375–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975615000193.
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AbstractThe notion of “economic development” dominates aid policy. A nation’s per capita Gross Domestic Product (gdp) determines whether that country is considered developed or less developed, and the standard measure of any developmental progress isgdpgrowth. This article investigates the evolution of the concept of economic development, as it emerged from a specific combination of modeling, statistics and political circumstances. In this story, Arthur Lewis played a decisive role, but only by building upon Colin Clark’s first global national income statistics, an indispensible foundation for Lewis’s seminal model of economic development. This model was embraced by policy makers longing for a theoretical framework to clarify and operationalize the hitherto vague concept of development. More importantly, however, the statistical indicator on which Lewis based his theory had already been universally accepted. In other words: statistics came before theory. This holds important lessons for alternative development ideas. It explains why the idea of economic development remains so firmly entrenched and suggests the conditions that might be necessary for an alternative theory to take hold.
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Berdnikova, I., E. Kiseleva, D. Baeva, and I. Solovyeva. "CURRENT ISSUES OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN MODERN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.153.
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Electricity consumption is constantly growing in the world. In this connection, there are new urgent problems of increasing energy efficiency and energy conservation. Exactly, the economic development of countries and the change in the citizens’ life quality depends on successful solutions in this sphere. In addition, energy efficiency today is the most important developmental indicator of the national economy. The article discusses electricity consumption statistics in the world, a comparative analysis of the statutory conditions and the main implementing energy efficiency methods and programs in different countries.
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Yatsenko, Hanna. "The Impact of Weather Conditions on Economic Activity in Ukraine." Visnyk of the National Bank of Ukraine, no. 249 (June 30, 2020): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26531/vnbu2020.249.03.
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This article explores the impact of weather conditions on core sectors of the Ukrainian economy and the composite index of economic activity in Ukraine. We build autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models using statistical data provided by the Central Geophysical Observatory named after Boris Sreznevsky (CGO) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for the period 2004-2019. The obtained outcomes show that fluctuations in the air temperature and precipitation are significant determinants of output in different sectors (specifically agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and energy). Therefore, the inclusion of weather conditions into models may potentially improve the modeling properties and forecasting of economic activity.
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Ausloos, Marcel, Paulette Clippe, and Andrzej Pȩkalski. "Simple model for the dynamics of correlations in the evolution of economic entities under varying economic conditions." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 324, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)01844-7.
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Siemińska, Ewa, and Małgorzata Rymarzak. "Development Conditions of Polish Housing Market During Economic Crisis." Real Estate Management and Valuation 22, no. 4 (February 6, 2015): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2014-0038.
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Abstract The main purpose of the paper is to present some of the mechanisms connected with the functioning of the Polish housing market, with due regard to demand and supply volatility as well as the changing financial conditions at the time of the global financial crisis of the first decade of the present century. Special attention is given to the financial and legal regulations concerning the housing market, which were introduced in response to the economic downturn. On the basis of research conducted by the authors, as well as available reports and statistics for 2007-2013, the article will explore market phenomena (the size and pattern of demand, supply and prices on the housing market, and the changes they undergo) on the one hand, and the legal and financial regulatory changes directly affecting them, on the other. It will also study the effects of the implementation of the recommendations made by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) by banks in the wake of the global financial crisis. These cause banks to tighten their credit policies and, accordingly, have an impact on their loan portfolios. Information from secondary sources has also been used, notably from the Central Statistical Office (GUS), the KNF, the National Bank of Poland (NBP), as well as the Polish Bank Association (ZBP) and the Credit Information Bureau (BIK). Changes that occurred during the period of economic crisis in the availability of housing have also been examined.
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Коchetova, Т., and А. Sovgir. "SECURITY MARKET UNDER CONDITIONS OF COVID-19." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 3-4(157-158) (September 11, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2021.03.05.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the international securities market during a pandemic. The fundamentals of the functioning of the securities market, technologies for conducting various transactions with securities during the quarantine period associated with the Covid-19 epidemic are considered. The results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy at the end of 2020 were reviewed. The study uses an analytical approach based on the analysis of global statistics on COVID-19. The main negative trends of the modern world economy caused by the increase in economic costs under the influence of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are summarized. The study used demographic indicators of the countries of the world, data on the dynamics of oil prices, stock indices, and statistical data on world trade. Based on the analysis of economic policy measures taken in the leading countries of the world to smooth out the negative consequences of the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, proposals were formulated for the economic policy of conducting operations in the securities market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Stanziani, Alessandro. "European Statistics, Russian Numbers, and Social Dynamics, 1861–1914." Slavic Review 76, no. 1 (2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.3.
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Recent analyses of the economic impact of the abolition of serfdom mark a major return to quantitative approaches in the economic and social history of Russia. Tracy Dennison, Steven Nafziger, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, among others, make wide use of data produced by thezemstvo(provincial elected assembly), the Central Statistics Committee (TsSK), the Ministry of Agriculture, and local governors. These figures are particularly crucial with regard to the debate over the impact of the abolition of serfdom and the economic dynamics of tsarist Russia between 1861 and 1914. Indeed, the authors are too quick to consider the data reliable and only concerned about which statistical method should be used. Markevich and Zhuravskaya claim outright: “Historians agree that the quality of the late imperial statistics and governor reports is rather high.” Nafziger makes a similar statement regarding zemstvo statistics, which he declares are fully reliable sources. Dennison and Nafziger add: “Zemstvo publications offer a unique window into rural economic conditions in the post-1861 period, but western scholars have only begun to explore them. We consider these household surveys, other zemstvo publications, research by central government and provincial statistical authorities (including the 1897 census), and various secondary sources to develop some “stylized facts” about rural living standards in Iaroslavl' and Vladimir provinces in the post-1861 period.”
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Strimbu, Bogdan M., Gordon M. Hickey, and Vladimir G. Strimbu. "Forest conditions and management under rapid legislation change in Romania." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81350-3.
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This paper evaluates the effects of post-communist economic transition on forest resources in Romania. Using data from 1993 and 2003, our research describes a sample of forested landscape units based on seven environmental attributes. These attributes were then compared to four technical attributes associated with forest management planning. The comparative analysis revealed that many forest stand attributes were significantly affected between 1993 and 2003, potentially by the forest ownership change, while most of the forest management attributes were not. Our results suggest that a dramatic change in forestry legislation does not necessarily result in a dramatic change in the descriptive characteristics of forest resources in that jurisdiction but, rather, in the structure of the forest. Key words: economic transition, Eastern Europe, forestry, policy, non-parametric statistics
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Mikołajczak, Elżbieta, Marek Wieruszewski, and Leszek Wanat. "Activity of enterprises in the wood-based sector under conditions of economic uncertainty." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 111 (September 30, 2020): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6936.
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Activity of enterprises in the wood-based sector under conditions of economic uncertainty. The state of the epidemic in Poland and the resulting restrictions caused serious disturbances in the economy. Entrepreneurs, conducting business in conditions of economic uncertainty and the threat of a crisis, are looking for various support tools, including adequate government programs. The study attempts to identify and evaluate selected anti-crisis tools, dedicated and possible to be used in the wood-based sector in Poland. The impact of these tools on economic activity was assessed by entrepreneurs, with particular emphasis on the opinions of manufacturers of wooden and cork products, producers of paper and paper products and furniture manufacturers, categorizing industry specializations in accordance with the Polish Classification of Activities. In the comparative analysis, selected economic indicators were used, based on secondary data of public statistics, according to the assessment of the current economic situation and its forecast expressed in the opinion of entrepreneurs. As a result, it was found that despite the ongoing epidemic, entrepreneurs in the wood-based sector relatively often use government support tools, showing moderate optimism under the conditions of economic uncertainty.
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Derevyanko, Bogdan, Liudmyla Nikolenko, Irina Syrmamiik, Yevgen Mykytenko, and Iosif Gasparevich. "Assessment of financial and economic security of the region (based on the relevant statistics of the Donetsk region)." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(4).2018.23.
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In the article, the indicators of financial and economic security of Donetsk region are analyzed. The task of setting statistical estimation of financial and economic security of the region in modern conditions is based on the official materials of the State Statistics Service. For the possibility of further econometric modeling and forecasting, only quantitative indicators are used. This approach limits the number of evaluated indicators, but is considered the most objective. The analysis of financial and economic security is carried out in the context of two spheres of regional development: economic and social. The conducted analysis of the dynamics of the main socio-economic indicators of development of the Donetsk region for the period 2012–2016 allowed to identify the main trends characterizing the development of the region’s economy; provide an assessment of the financial and economic security of the region and identify some “problematic” places of financial and economic security in Donetsk region. Some of the most acute problems were identified in the assessment of financial and economic security and the features of state-legal provision of financial and economic security in the present conditions, as well as the proposed algorithm for monitoring the financial and economic security of the region. The analysis allowed to identify some “bottlenecks” of financial and economic security in the Donetsk region and to demonstrate that close attention and monitoring are required by the level of capital investments, the level of unemployment and the share of households with incomes per month below the legal living wage. The study enables to minimize the risks to form effective directions in assessing the financial and economic security of the region and proposes to optimize on a legal basis the whole mechanism for ensuring the financial and economic security of the region. As a result, the research revealed the most acute problems in assessing the financial and economic security of the region and proposed an appropriate algorithm for monitoring its level.
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GUSAROVA, I. A., K. D. KOVALEVA, and A. A. SAGDEEVA. "FEATURES AND PRINCIPLES OF INVESTING IN MODERN CONDITIONS. INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE IN INVESTMENT PROJECTS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 12 (2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.03.002.
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The article considers the role of foreign direct investment in various industry projects and their implementation. The statistics of the number of investment projects in Europe and Russia are analyzed. The best French experience of attracting foreign direct investment is considered. The main future trends of economic development that will affect the investment attractiveness of a country, taking into account the epidemiological situation in the world, are presented. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in the implementation of investment projects in European countries was studied. The article describes the industries that have real economic potential for further development, as well as those that are most affected by the current global economic and epidemiological situation.
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Ausloos, Marcel, Paulette Clippe, and Andrzej Pȩkalski. "Evolution of economic entities under heterogeneous political/environmental conditions within a Bak–Sneppen-like dynamics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 332 (February 2004): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2003.10.004.
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Azzizah, Yuni. "Socio-Economic Factors on Indonesia Education Disparity." International Education Studies 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2015): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n12p218.
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<p class="apa">Since 1998, regional governments in Indonesia have had greater autonomy due to the commencement of a reformation movement across Indonesia. Large portions of education management were delegated to the regional governments. Because of this, the education level varies strongly across Indonesia’ provinces. Referring to the data provided by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics, it is found that Eastern Indonesia generally has a higher rate of uneducated than Western Indonesia. We review the current condition of Indonesian education in terms of regional disparity among eastern and western provinces and study the correlation between inequality in education and other related aspects, such as social and economic conditions. We find that inequality issues on socio-economic conditions are reflected in the education disparity between Eastern and Western Indonesia. By employing panel data with provinces as units of observations, we find that the difference in regional development among Indonesian provinces influences education issues. By evaluating the standard deviation of the statistic we were able to identify socio-economic factors that influence the regional education disparity.</p>
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Buzoianu, Ovidiu Andrei Cristian, Mihaela Diana Oancea Negescu, Victor Adrian Troaca, and Carol Cristina Gombos. "Globalization and working conditions in developing countries." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 07011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219207011.
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Research background: In the last two decades, labor markets around the world have become increasingly integrated. Political change and economic reforms have transformed China, India, Indonesia and the former communist bloc countries, effectively involving their consistent workforce in market economies. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to offer globalization, a concept that identifies in the minds of many people with multinational companies and greedy capitalism and that would exploit anyone, a more humane image in terms of the beneficial effects it has on working conditions. Methods: As it becomes more and more a contemporary reality, globalization becomes the most controversial concept in the international economic and political literature. In order to write this article, a methodology was used based on the analysis of demographic and socio-economic statistics, analysis and interpretation of the literature, as well as conducting a case study on the impact of globalization of an emerging country, namely Indonesia. We live in a globalized world and yet there is still no consensus on what globalization means Findings & Value added: At the same time, the development of technologies, combined with the gradual removal of restrictions on cross-border trade and capital flows, have allowed production processes to be relocated away from target markets for an increasing number of products and services. The process of choosing the location of the production center has become more receptive to labor costs.
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Подшивалова, Mariya Podshivalova, Вайсман, and Elena Vaysman. "Russian Small Industrial Entrepreneurship in Modern Conditions." Economics 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2016): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16983.
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The paper estimated the specifics of small business manufacturing industries from the standpoint of the strategic approach through the description of the tasks, the current state and development potential. Objectives were assigned by government in medium-term socio-economic policy. The current state was analyzed by both objective statistics and subjective - based on different opinion poll of managers of small enterprises. Also used data Regional Studies of domestic economists. Prospects for the development of small industrial enterprises are assessed through the intensity and quality of their inno-vation. The authors conclude that to complete the task of the Russian Government small businesses are able to only one of the major manufacturing industries - production of electrical and optical equipment.
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Matoglu, Melda Ormeci, John H. Vande Vate, and Haiyue Yu. "The economic average cost Brownian control problem." Advances in Applied Probability 51, no. 01 (March 2019): 300–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2019.12.
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AbstractIn this paper we introduce and solve a generalization of the classic average cost Brownian control problem in which a system manager dynamically controls the drift rate of a diffusion process X. At each instant, the system manager chooses the drift rate from a pair {u, v} of available rates and can invoke instantaneous controls either to keep X from falling or to keep it from rising. The objective is to minimize the long-run average cost consisting of holding or delay costs, processing costs, costs for invoking instantaneous controls, and fixed costs for changing the drift rate. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the cost parameters to ensure the problem admits a finite optimal solution. When it does, a simple control band policy specifying economic buffer sizes (α, Ω) and up to two switching points is optimal. The controller should invoke instantaneous controls to keep X in the interval (α, Ω). A policy with no switching points relies on a single drift rate exclusively. When there is no cost to change the drift rate, a policy with a single switching point s indicates that the controller should change to the slower drift rate when X exceeds s and use the faster drift rate otherwise. When there is a cost to change the drift rate, a policy with two switching points s < S indicates that the controller should maintain the faster drift rate until X exceeds S and maintain the slower drift rate until X falls below s.
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Raczyk, Andrzej. "Conditions of Spatial Diversity of Registered and Actual Populations at a Local Level in Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 9, no. 9 (January 1, 2008): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0004-8.
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Conditions of Spatial Diversity of Registered and Actual Populations at a Local Level in Poland The observed lack of conformity between the population measured by category of registration for permanent residence and the actual population is on the one hand a consequence of the limitations connected with public statistics and on the other it is the result of increasing temporary spatial mobility. Beside the scale of this phenomenon, its spatial dimension is particularly significant as, together with official statistics concerning population inflow and outflow, it defines the real intensity and directions of migration.The basic objective of this study was to examine the scale and conditions connected with the shaping of spatial diversities between the size of registered and actual populations. The analysis was conducted, above all, in relation to economic factors creating these differences. The analysis was carried out in relation to the units of LAU2 level in Poland.The conducted analysis indicated that economic and education-related conditions played an important role in the shaping of temporary registered migration. This also confirmed the existence of a link between temporary registered migration and human capital as well as the level of economic development of particular regions. Spatial structure of temporary registered migration was similar to non-registered migration structure. Thus, it may help define general directions of informal population migration.
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Fleck, Robert K. "The Marginal Effect of New Deal Relief Work on County-Level Unemployment Statistics." Journal of Economic History 59, no. 3 (September 1999): 659–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700023524.
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This article uses 1937 and 1940 Census data to estimate the effect that hiring an additional relief worker in a county had on unemployment statistics for that county. The fundamental estimation problem arises because one cannot easily control for economic conditions that influenced both the number of individuals holding relief jobs and the number counted as jobless.
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Froeschl, Karl A., Tetsuo Yamada, and Roman Kudrna. "Industrial Statistics Revisited: From Footnotes to Meta-Information Management." Austrian Journal of Statistics 31, no. 1 (April 3, 2016): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v31i1.466.
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UNIDO maintains a long tradition in the compilation of international statistics on industrial production and, particularly, has developed a suite of tools and techniques for improving third-party data, mainly supplied directly or indirectly by National Statistics Offices, toenable and enhance both cross-country and long-term comparability. However, changing IT environments, socio-economic conditions, and customer requirements increasingly challenge established procedures and behaviors. After reviewing (i) the relevance of industrial statistics in general and that of international industrial statistics in particular for the industrial development in the macro economic framework, (ii) the importance of datacomparability on those statistics for accurate and objective analysis with regard to the industrial development, and (iii) UNIDO?s specific efforts in increasing cross-country data comparability, this paper discusses a proposal for an integrated data and data documentation framework aimed at (i) recording all measures taken by UNIDO and (ii) reporting on all residual inconsistencies and deficiencies adversely affecting data comparability and interpretation. The proposal is illustrated by a prototype implementationusing current UNIDO data.
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Sitkovsky, A. L., and Y. V. Latov. "New crime reality as a result of the new socio-economic conditions of development of Russia." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18204.
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General characteristics of long-term changes of the criminal situation in Russia, 2000-2010-ies. By analogy with the concept of«new economic reality» used to describe the current conditions of national economic development, proposed the concept of «new criminalreality». It is, on the one hand, the completion of overcoming the catastrophic consequences of the transformational crisis of the 1990s (thereturn of criminal homicide to the level of the 1980s, the decline of threats of terrorism), and on the other hand, the growth of the valuesof the new criminal challenges and threats. Most important among these new challenges and threats - cybercrime, the crime of migrantsand institutional corruption. Stressed economic determinism new criminal threats and challenges, the growth of which is associated notso much with the failures of the Ministry of internal Affairs, as with the systemic transformation of socio-economic institutions in Russiaand around the world. The article used data from the departmental statistics of the MVD of Russia.
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Kaczmarek, Bogusław. "Foreign direct investment of Polish enterprises in Ukraine – its conditions and structure." Management 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/manment-2017-0008.
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Summary The aim of the article is analysis (structure and direction of development) of Polish foreign direct investments in the Ukraine. The article consists of four parts: first shows the definition of FDI and some aspects and economic conceptions explaining the conditions of their undertaking by companies. The second part presents the economic situation of Ukraine as a country for FDI localization; the third part presents the legal and administrative conditions of business conditions in this country, and fourth shows the characteristics of FDI made in Ukraine by Polish entrepreneurs. Materials for the preparation of this article were collected at the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and at the Faculty of Industry and Trade of the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Kiev. The data included also the elaboration of O.W. Polowin posted by Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
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Rahmah, Devi Maulida, Totok Pujianto, and Irfan Ardiansah. "Current Condition and Rules of Lean Implementation Practice in Agro-SMEs." Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jiita.v1i2.15093.
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This research aims to identify current condition and rules of lean manufacturing (LM) implementation in Agro- Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The current condition aspects are identification of waste, LM techniques and methods, the reason and barriers on LM implementation in SMEs. Exploring the behavior of SMEs on implementing LM which supporting to generate productivity and efficiency on production system are important to be identified. Initially, LM concept are implemented in manufacturing industry especially in automotive industry. Nowadays this concept has been implemented by other sector included Small and Medium-size Enterprise. However, it has still a few number of Agro-SMEs implementing LM concept. The data from Indonesia Statistic revealed that the proportion of SME- agro based are in the total of SME in Indonesia. It insinuated that Agro-SMEs has a significant potency for national economic if their productivity increase. LM providing chance to improve productivity and efficiency in. Many research had conducted to explore LM implementation in various sector. Unfortunately, Research on LM implementation in Agro-SMEs has still a few number. Research was conducted in 12 Agro-SMEs around Sumedang and Bandung. Selected SMEs referring to the use of horticulture and plantation commodity as a raw material. The data collected by field observation and deep interview to the owner, management-level, and employer. The data presented through description of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The result shows that the motion becomes a dominant waste in SMEs at 30%, while over production activity contributes waste at 22%, waiting aspect at 17%, inventory at 13 %, defect and transportation at 9%. Motion generates negative impact to work productivity and effectivity, for instance increase of time consume unimportant activity at work, WIP of product, cost for labor, and cost production. In terms of Method and techniques implemented in Agro-SME, Continuous improvement (Kaizen) and 5 S outnumbered to other methods and techniques at 50%. Other method and techniques such as Teamwork and 5Why had contributed at 41.6%, TQM and Work standardization at 33.33%, and Jidoka at 16.67% as well as Kanban system, Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and SMED 0%. In terms of the reason on implementing LM, Improving the quality of product becoming a larger proportion which affecting the LM implementation at 36%. In other hand, knowledge outnumbered to others aspect. It contributes 35% as the most barrier factor on LM implementation.
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Grotkiewicz, Katarzyna. "Analysis of economic and agricultural indicators under sustainable agriculture conditions with the use of Bayesian modelling." Technical Sciences 3, no. 20 (May 4, 2017): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ts.5423.
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Searching for relations between the level of production intensity, land efficiency and work performance, comparative analyses were carried out on international scale taking into consideration 45 countries from around the world with the use of the Statistical Yearbook (2013) and International Statistics Yearbook (2015). The research covered basic qualification criteria of sustainable agriculture, i.e. the level of mineral fertilization and stocking density as well as productivity rates, i.e. land efficiency and work performance and factors which shape them. The main aim of the research is the use of Bayesian modelling in order to predict the development of various economical and agricultural indicators and also show relationships between events basing on the theory of probability.
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Callegaro, Giorgia, Claudia Ceci, and Giorgio Ferrari. "Optimal reduction of public debt under partial observation of the economic growth." Finance and Stochastics 24, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 1083–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00780-020-00438-z.
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Abstract We consider a government that aims at reducing the debt-to-(gross domestic product) (GDP) ratio of a country. The government observes the level of the debt-to-GDP ratio and an indicator of the state of the economy, but does not directly observe the development of the underlying macroeconomic conditions. The government’s criterion is to minimise the sum of the total expected costs of holding debt and of debt reduction policies. We model this problem as a singular stochastic control problem under partial observation. The contribution of the paper is twofold. Firstly, we provide a general formulation of the model in which the level of the debt-to-GDP ratio and the value of the macroeconomic indicator evolve as a diffusion and a jump-diffusion, respectively, with coefficients depending on the regimes of the economy. The latter are described through a finite-state continuous-time Markov chain. We reduce the original problem via filtering techniques to an equivalent one with full information (the so-called separated problem), and we provide a general verification result in terms of a related optimal stopping problem under full information. Secondly, we specialise to a case study in which the economy faces only two regimes and the macroeconomic indicator has a suitable diffusive dynamics. In this setting, we provide the optimal debt reduction policy. This is given in terms of the continuous free boundary arising in an auxiliary fully two-dimensional optimal stopping problem.
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Povlsen, Lene, Susann Regber, Elisabeth Fosse, Leena Eklund Karlsson, and Hrafnhildur Gunnarsdottir. "Economic poverty among children and adolescents in the Nordic countries." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 20_suppl (February 2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817743894.
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Aims: This study aimed to identify applied definitions and measurements of economic poverty and to explore the proportions and characteristics of children and adolescents living in economic poverty in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden during the last decade and to compare various statistics between the Nordic countries. Methods: Official data from central national authorities on statistics, national reports and European Union Statistics of income and living conditions data were collected and analysed during 2015–2016. Results: The proportion of Nordic children living in economic poverty in 2014 ranged from 9.4% in Norway to 18.5% in Sweden. Compared with the European Union average, from 2004 to 2014 Nordic families with dependent children experienced fewer difficulties in making their money last, even though Icelandic families reported considerable difficulties. The characteristics of children living in economic poverty proved to be similar in the five countries and were related to their parents’ level of education and employment, single-parent households and – in Denmark, Norway and Sweden – to immigrant background. In Finland, poverty among children was linked in particular to low income in employed households. Conclusions:This study showed that economic poverty among Nordic families with dependent children has increased during the latest decade, but it also showed that poverty rates are not necessarily connected to families’ ability to make their money last. Therefore additional studies are needed to explore existing policies and political commitments in the Nordic countries to compensate families with dependent children living in poverty.
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Giles, Lucia, Caroline Freeman, Polly Field, Elisabeth Sörstadius, and Bernt Kartman. "Humanistic burden and economic impact of heart failure – a systematic review of the literature." F1000Research 8 (June 13, 2019): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19365.1.
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Background: Heart failure (HF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This systematic review was conducted to inform understanding of its humanistic and economic burden. Methods: Electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE®, and Cochrane Library) were searched in May 2017. Data were extracted from studies reporting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 200 patients or more (published 2007–2017), or costs and resource use in 100 patients or more (published 2012–2017). Relevant HRQoL studies were those that used the 12- or 36-item Short-Form Health Surveys, EuroQol Group 5-dimensions measure of health status, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Results: In total, 124 studies were identified: 54 for HRQoL and 71 for costs and resource use (Europe: 25/15; North America: 24/50; rest of world/multinational: 5/6). Overall, individuals with HF reported worse HRQoL than the general population and patients with other chronic diseases. Some evidence identified supports a correlation between increasing disease severity and worse HRQoL. Patients with HF incurred higher costs and resource use than the general population and patients with other chronic conditions. Inpatient care and hospitalizations were identified as major cost drivers in HF. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that patients with HF experience worse HRQoL and incur higher costs than individuals without HF or patients with other chronic diseases. Early treatment of HF and careful disease management to slow progression and to limit the requirement for hospital admission are likely to reduce both the humanistic burden and economic impact of HF.
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Giles, Lucia, Caroline Freeman, Polly Field, Elisabeth Sörstadius, and Bernt Kartman. "Humanistic burden and economic impact of heart failure – a systematic review of the literature." F1000Research 8 (August 19, 2020): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19365.2.
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Background: Heart failure (HF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This systematic review was conducted to inform understanding of its humanistic and economic burden. Methods: Electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE®, and Cochrane Library) were searched in May 2017. Data were extracted from studies reporting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 200 patients or more (published 2007–2017), or costs and resource use in 100 patients or more (published 2012–2017). Relevant HRQoL studies were those that used the 12- or 36-item Short-Form Health Surveys, EuroQol Group 5-dimensions measure of health status, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Results: In total, 124 studies were identified: 54 for HRQoL and 71 for costs and resource use (Europe: 25/15; North America: 24/50; rest of world/multinational: 5/6). Overall, individuals with HF reported worse HRQoL than the general population and patients with other chronic diseases. Some evidence identified supports a correlation between increasing disease severity and worse HRQoL. Patients with HF incurred higher costs and resource use than the general population and patients with other chronic conditions. Inpatient care and hospitalizations were identified as major cost drivers in HF. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that patients with HF experience worse HRQoL and incur higher costs than individuals without HF or patients with other chronic diseases. Early treatment of HF and careful disease management to slow progression and to limit the requirement for hospital admission are likely to reduce both the humanistic burden and economic impact of HF.
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Shanygin, S. I., and E. I. Zuga. "Statistics on the Allocation of Infrastructural Facilities in Russia (Territorial and Economic Aspects)." Economics and Management, no. 7 (September 15, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-7-38-48.
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The presented study examines statistics on the construction of infrastructural objects in the Russian Federation.Aim. The study aims to analyze the allocation of federal and regional infrastructural facilities with allowance for socio-economic positions.Tasks. The authors examine the commissioning of different types of infrastructural facilities in the Russian Federation, identify regional peculiarities of their allocation, and assess the socio-economic implications of large-scale construction of similar facilities in Sochi in preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics.Methods. This study uses systems analysis methods and data of the Federal State Statistics Service to conduct a retrospective study of the current situation in Russia, structural dynamic analysis of the allocation of infrastructural facilities across the country’s regions, and an assessment of socioeconomic indicators.Results. The current trends in the allocation of the major types of infrastructural facilities in modern Russia are determined. Regions with the most favorable conditions for the development of such facilities are identified. A methodology for planning corresponding projects with allowance for their mutual influence and funding restrictions is developed. Changes in the quality of life of Sochi residents due to the construction of facilities in preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics are assessed.Conclusions. Construction of federal and regional infrastructural facilities affects the socio-economic development of the corresponding regions and serves to improve the quality of life of the local population. In Russia, there is a positive dynamics in terms of the allocation of such facilities. However, these effects are perceived controversially, and the trends towards improving the quality of life (through the example of Sochi) do not align with the results of large-scale construction in the region. When planning federal and regional development programs for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to conduct an in-depth multi-factor forecasting of social and economic implications of the implementation of such programs.
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Domański, Czesław. "Challenges to statistical education of the society." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 9 (September 28, 2016): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1099.
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The article discusses the latest challenges of research and teaching related to statistical education of the society. The technological revolution change the economic and social life radically. They require a transformation of the way of thinking and acting. Society need statistics that provides information about the country and its neighbors. Through statistics citizens can actively participate in democratic processes. These new conditions define the tasks set for the statisticians — to develop statistics skills and adapt statistical information to the needs of citizens.
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Əliməmməd oğlu Ağazadə, Seydağa. "Aspects of agricultural development in the Lankaran-Astara economic region." NATURE AND SCIENCE 07, no. 02 (April 23, 2021): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/07/68-70.
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The article analyzes the development, current condition and main directions of its optimization of agricultural crops planted in accordance with the climatic conditions in the territory of the economic region. State programs indicate the measures taken in this area. The implementation of the adopted state programs on the development of citrus fruits, tea and rice production and the dynamics of development in this area are shown. The current state of the agricultural complex was analyzed on the basis of available statistics. The development index of the economic region and its administrative districts is given. Key words: climate, land cover, agriculture, tea, paddy, citrus, government programs, GDP, Lapatnikov index, economic development index
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VILASECA, JORDI, ANTONI MESEGUER, JOAN TORRENT, and RAQUEL FERRERAS. "REWARD FUNCTIONS AND COOPERATIVE GAMES: CHARACTERIZATION AND ECONOMIC APPLICATION." International Game Theory Review 10, no. 02 (June 2008): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198908001856.
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In this paper we study network structures in which the possibilities for cooperation are restricted and the benefits of a group of players depend on how these players are internally connected. One way to represent this type of situations is the so-called reward function, which represents the profits obtainable by the total coalition if links can be used to coordinate agents' actions. For any cooperative game, a reward function is associated. Given a reward function, our aim is to analyze under which conditions it is possible to associate a cooperative game to it. We characterize the reward function by means of two conditions, component permanence and component additivity, in order to determine whether there exists or not a cooperative game associated to it. An economic application is shown to illustrate the main theoretical result. Data from Catalan firms is used to compute the reward function on the set of communication networks determined by firms, customers, distributors and suppliers.
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Ji, Mingjie, IpKin Anthony Wong, Anita Eves, and Aliana Man Wai Leong. "A multilevel investigation of China’s regional economic conditions on co-creation of dining experience and outcomes." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 4 (April 9, 2018): 2132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2016-0474.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how the presence of other customers in restaurant social settings becomes a resource (referred to as “customer-to-customer interaction” or “C2CI”) to co-create an escape dining experience and stimulate dining outcomes, namely, food attachment and dining frequency. The relationships are further tested under the effects of regional economic conditions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by using a multi-step approach. The first data set was obtained through a personally administered survey, which included a sample of 356 Chinese tourists who dined at fine Western (i.e. Portuguese) restaurants in Macau. The second data set concerned economic statistics and was obtained from the statistics departments of mainland China and Taiwan. A multilevel design with hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the proposed model. Multilevel mediating and moderating effects were also examined. Findings The results suggest that customer escape dining experience significantly mediated the relationship between C2CI and food attachment, while food attachment fully mediated the relationship between customer escape experience and dining frequency. The multilevel effect of regional economic conditions played a significant role in moderating the C2CI–escape experience relationship in which the effect of C2CI was more salient for tourists from less economically developed regions in China. The experience–food attachment relationship was also contingent on the regional economic conditions in which the relationship was stronger for tourists from less economically developed areas. A multilevel mediating effect was also presented in the study. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on experience co-creation in restaurant dining by exploring and testing the possibility of the presence of other customers to become a resource of experience co-creation, which is currently overlooked in the restaurant dining literature. The study advances the concept of co-creation by including the presence of other customers and restates the active role of diners in creating experiences. It also considers the existence of structural patterns in individualized experiences.
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Honchar, I. A., and S. V. Zaiets. "The Student’s Olympiad as a Form of Professional Training for Analysts-Statistician." Statistics of Ukraine 85, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2(85)2019.02.04.
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The article describes the practical experience in organizing the first All-Ukrainian Olympiad on Economic Analytics and Statistics, aiming to improve the quality of professional training, increase the students’ interest to in their chosen profession and create conditions for students to acquire the necessary professional skills and abilities, and gain experience in educational and professional activities. The assessment of the foreign labor market for specialists in Statistics / Analytics / Finance, allowing to determine the relevance of the profession in the near future, is given. A review of the competencies of a statistics analyst, acquired by future specialists in domestic higher education institutions, is made. It is emphasized that formation of the professional competencies cannot be confined to individual disciplines or educational programs; it requires the conditions for the effective influence of educational technologies, methods, organizational forms, learning environments, including the participation of students in intellectual competitions and Olympiads.
For understanding the structure and specificity of tasks at the first All-Ukrainian Olympiad on Economic Analytics and Statistics, examples of the tasks simulating various aspects and components of an analytical study are given. The results shown by the students participating in the Olympiad are analyzed in comparison with the current requirements to the professional competencies in analytics and statistics. The conclusion about the diagnostic function of Olympiad is made.
The link to the web-site where the Olympiad materials are displayed, allows for using the innovative approaches to lecturing in higher educational institutions as part of the academic program for economic analysts. The current trends in support of gifted students are outlined, and proposals are made on how to improve the effectiveness of student Olympiads in Economic Analytics and Statistics.
Measures for the potential implementation of “social lift” system for young statistics analysts are highlighted. It is stressed that the training of students for Olympiads can be a means elevating their professional and intellectual level, motivating their self-organization and self-realization, and increasing their overall statistical education.
Further research will focus on feasibility studies and proposals related with adoption of new professions dealing with statistical analytics.
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Sadykov, R. M., and E. K. Khalikova. "Assessing the social and economic welfare of the population: A Russian region perspective." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1910–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.10.1910.
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Subject. This article analyzes the basic indices that most fully reflect the multidimensional well-being of the population and the standards the actual living conditions are compared with. Objectives. The article aims to assess the region population's well-being and develop priority measures to increase its level. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, and sociological studies and official statistics data. Results. The article describes the main reasons for the decline in the well-being of the population of the region and Russia as a whole. The article specifies the priority measures to improve the well-being of the population. Conclusions. Creating favorable economic and social conditions, developing international cooperation of companies, investment in human capital will help improve the quality of production factors and their efficiency.
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Yakovlev, A. "Overcoming Stereotypes." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2008): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2008-11-110-120.
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Using the data of SU-HSU enterprises surveys and internal statistics of KPMG company the paper provides a non-conventional view on three economic problems which have recently been in the center of expert discussions in Russia: competitiveness of firms, corruption in the government and level of taxation. The paper argues the necessity of pragmatic approach to economic phenomena, especially under conditions of high uncertainty caused by the increasing global financial crisis.
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Chesser, Amy K., Nikki Keene Woods, Trisha Melhado, and Amanda Steventon. "Using the March of Dimes "Becoming a Mom" Prenatal Program to Improve Maternal Attitudes and Knowledge." Kansas Journal of Medicine 8, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v8i2.11520.
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BACKGROUND: Premature birth, low birth weight, birth defects, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome were identified as issues contributing to infant mortality in Kansas by the state’s Blue Ribbon Panel. The March of Dimes Becoming a Mom (BAM) prenatal program was implemented in four counties identified with high infant mortality rates and significant birth numbers (Geary, Saline, Sedgwick, and Shawnee) by the Kansas Blue Ribbon Panel. The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in prenatal attitudes, knowledge, and health outcomes among BAM program participants. METHODS: A collaborative community-based model incorporating multidisciplinary teams was created to address the health disparity gap in birth outcomes. Patients participated in multiple prenatal education sessions using a curriculum developed by the March of Dimes. A pre-/post-test design was implemented for the prenatal sessions. Changes in attitudes were assessed using descriptive statistics. Paired t-tests were used to assess the difference in knowledge questions from pre- and post-tests. Health outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Participants were 69% White, 87% spoke English, 64% were under age 26, 41% were employed full time, 45% had some high school or had a diploma, 39% had Medicaid, and 49% were enrolled in WIC (N=114). Participants demonstrated a statistically significant increase in knowledge among 14 out of 32 questions including: identifying signs of preterm labor, what to do during preterm labor, postpartum symptoms, and baby sleep position. There were also changes in prenatal attitudes including: need for prenatal care as soon as possible, continuing prenatal care when feeling healthy and not smoking during pregnancy. Relative frequencies were tabulated for week of delivery, infant birth weight, type of delivery, and presence of maternal and infant medical conditions. CONCLUSION: The March of Dimes BAM program participants reported improvements in prenatal knowledge. The BAM program can improve maternal knowledge through a community-based collaborative model of care. The combined prenatal education program with quality prenatal care can result in better maternal and child health outcomes.
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Borisyuk, N. K., and O. S. Smotrina. "MODELING THE STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR OF A MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENVIROMENTAL RISKS." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 5 (2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2020-5-19.
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The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop new approaches to modeling the strategic behavior of a manufacturing enterprise in the face of environmental risks. It is well known that the basis of the Russian economic and economic structure for more than a hundred years has been manufacturing enterprises. In the 1990s, in connection with the transition of the Russian economy to market relations, a reform of the system of economic relations took place, which caused a protracted economic recession of the enterprises’ economies. Basically, this problem affected the impact on enterprises of the ongoing changes in the external environment. Based on this, the study of models of the strategic behavior of enterprises in the face of environmental risks is undoubtedly of theoretical and practical interest and is relevant. The purpose of the article is to theoretically analyze the existing ones and justify the development of a new model of the strategic behavior of a manufacturing enterprise in the face of environmental risks. In the process of the study, the authors used the works of Russian and foreign scientists on this issue, legislative acts and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, official data of state statistics. Such research methods as analysis and generalization, scientific classification, retrospective analysis, modeling and others were also used.
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HORODETSKA, Tetiana, Inha IVASIUK, and Vadym BORODIN. "Mechanism of implementation of innovative practices by enterprises under turbulence conditions." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 1/1 (January 27, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.1(1).1.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze ways to increase innovation and substantiate the methodological and practical aspects of creating an effective management system for innovation in the food industry. According to the results of the study, it was noted that the management system of innovative activities of food companies needs to be improved in accordance with modern conditions. The synthesis of levers, methods, legislation and information base should create an effective mechanism for managing the innovation activities of the food industry and help Ukrainian food producers to take a worthy place in the world market. The main materials used in the study were statistical data of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and the Odesa Regional Department of Statistics; data of the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, the Department of Food Industry, laws and regulations on investment management; data of domestic and foreign periodicals. Methods used in statistical data processing – method of analysis and synthesis, media content – methods of comparison and grouping. In this context, the emphasis is on the problems and prospects of food enterprises, in particular on innovation processes (IP), which should ensure cost-effective use of innovations in the form of new technologies, products or services, organizational, technical and socio-economic solutions of production, financial, commercial, administrative or other nature. Thus, the problem of improving the management of innovation processes in domestic enterprises is of fundamental importance, its solution will facilitate the transition to the creation and use of higher technology, and thus accelerate economic growth of the national economy and build a modern innovation and investment model of society. This process involves qualitative transformations of government institutions, structural restructuring of the economy in various areas of management, the introduction of new approaches in the management of the food industry, which continues to be the dominant sector of the country.
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Antošová, A., N. Birčiaková, and J. Stávková. "Income aspects of Czech farmers’ living conditions." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 6 (June 12, 2013): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/133/2012-agricecon.
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The paper analyses the income and living conditions of farm households in the Czech Republic. The period under review ware the years of 2005–2010 since more recent data was not available when this paper was being prepared. The primary source of data is the results of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC) survey. The structure of farm households is established by the household type, education, and economic activity. Households have been assigned to particular groups based on the situation of the household leader. The primary indicator is the average disposable income per 1 equivalent member. Other indicators under review include poverty, poverty depth, and material deprivation. The national poverty line has been defined as 60% of the median average equivalent income. Another important aspect also includes the households’ subjective views of the selected matters.
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Nurfahraini, Zarah, Amal Arfan, and Ichsan Invanni. "Dampak Pabrik Aspal pada Kondisi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat di Desa Pana, Kecamatan Alla, Kabupaten Enrekang." LaGeografia 18, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/lga.v18i1.10972.
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This study aims to determine: 1) the socio-economic conditions of the community before the asphalt processing, 2) the socio-economic conditions of the community in the presence of asphalt processing, 3) the presence or absence of the impact of the existence of asphalt processing on the socio-economic conditions in Pana Village, Alla District, Regency Enrekang. This research method uses quantitative descriptive analysis of descriptive statistical data and inferential statistics. The population of this study were 300 people with a sample of 75 that was determined using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%. The results showed that the socio-economic conditions of the community prior to the asphalt processing were included in the high category and the socio-economic conditions of the community in the presence of asphalt processing were still in the high category. Based on the results of the SPSS analysis it appears that the value of p (sig. (2-tailed)) is 0.100> 0.05 indicating that the presence of asphalt processing does not have a significant impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community in Pana Hamlet. The data in the field also proves that there are several factors that make the existence of asphalt processing not have a significant impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community, such as: labor recruitment is still small due to the asphalt processing location which is still categorized as small industries. being able to work in that location, the community does not have a contribution in the operation of asphalt processing, the existence of asphalt processing only provides an increase in income for its workers rather than the people who do not work in that location
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Chiara, Elena Dalla, Martina Menon, and Federico Perali. "An Integrated Database to Measure Living Standards." Journal of Official Statistics 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 531–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2019-0023.
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Abstract This study generates an integrated database to measure living standards in Italy using propensity score matching. We follow the recommendations of the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress proposing that income, consumption of market goods and nonmarket activities, and wealth, rather than production, should be evaluated jointly in order to appropriately measure material welfare. Our integrated database is similar in design to the one built for the United States by the Levy Economics Institute to measure the multiple dimensions of well-being. In the United States, as is the case for Italy and most European countries, the state does not maintain a unified database to measure household economic well-being, and data sources about income and employment surveys and other surveys on wealth and the use of time have to be statistically matched. The measure of well-being is therefore the result of a multidimensional evaluation process no longer associated with a single indicator, as is usually the case when measuring gross domestic product. The estimation of individual and social welfare, multidimensional poverty and inequality does require an integrated living standard database where information about consumption, income, time use and subjective well-being are jointly available. With this objective in mind, we combine information available in four different surveys: the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey, the Household Budget Survey, the Time Use Survey, and the Household Conditions and Social Capital Survey. We perform three different statistical matching procedures to link the relevant dimensions of living standards contained in each survey and report both the statistical and economic tests carried out to evaluate the quality of the procedure at a high level of detail.
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Larsen, Luke J., Joanna Fane Lineback, and Benjamin M. Reist. "Continuing to Explore the Relation between Economic and Political Factors and Government Survey Refusal Rates: 1960–2015." Journal of Official Statistics 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2020-0026.
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AbstractIn the United States, government surveys’ refusal rates have been increasing at an alarming rate, despite traditional measures for mitigating nonresponse. Given this phenomenon, now is a good time to revisit the work of Harris-Kojetin and Tucker (1999). In that study, the authors explored the relation between economic and political conditions on Current Population Survey (CPS) refusal rates over the period 1960–1988.They found evidence that economic and political factors are associated with survey refusals and acknowledged the need to extend this work as more data became available. In this study, our aim was to continue their analysis. First, we replicated their findings. Next, we ran the assumed underlying model on an extended time-period (1960–2015). Last, since we found that the model was not an ideal fit for the extended period, we revised it using available time series and incorporating information about the CPS sample design. In the extended, refined model, presidential approval, census year, number of jobs and not-in-labor-force rate were all significant predictors of survey refusal.
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Gierańczyk, Wiesława. "Economic Situation in the Manufacturing Sector as an Example of Modern Research in Industrial Geography in Poland." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 25 (January 15, 2014): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.25.3.
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The article presents change in the object of study of the industrial geography in Poland that took place in the late twentieth century with a context in the internal and external conditions of the functioning of the industrial activities. A kind of barometer of the impact of internal and external conditions for the functioning of industrial units and the scale of regional integration in this area can be achieved by studying the economic situation also known as business tendency. In this paper the author would like to draw attention to the economic condition survey in industry conducted by the Central Statistics Office (GUS) as an example of modern research in the industrial geography in Poland.
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Franta, Michal. "The Effect of Nonlinearity between Credit Conditions and Economic Activity on Density Forecasts." Journal of Forecasting 35, no. 2 (November 11, 2015): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/for.2372.
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Urazayeva, V. "FISCAL POLICY PROBLEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(36) (June 28, 2014): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-96-102.
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The article under the title deals with the difficulties in pursuing national fiscal policy in conditions of international financial liberalization. The author analyzes the nature of liberalization of international capital flows and its positive and negative consequences for the economies of the countries which participate in global capital movement. The author especially highlights the fact that international financial liberalization often leads to economic crises and what is even more important to their rapid spread between countries due to their growing financial interdependence. The author distinguishes two groups of fiscal policy problems in conditions of international financial liberalization. The first group includes problems arising due to quick spread of the crises due to eliminating restrictions on crossborder capital flows. These are reduction in taxes and at the same time increase in budget spending, which often happens unexpectedly and substantially impedes fiscal policy. To illustrate these points the author refers to the statistics on Spain, the USA and the OECD as a whole. Moreover countries face another range of problems regardless of the business cycle phase. In the short term it is the necessity of large scale structural economic reforms to achieve the required level of financial liberalization, which often is a heavy burden on the state budget. In the long term the attention is paid to the problem of tax competition between countries, which affects the instruments of fiscal policy. The author notes that the negative consequences of global financial liberalization are relevant not only for recipient countries but for donor countries as well and emphasizes such a burning issue as "capital flight".