Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) – Et la linguistique'
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Paugam, Guillaume. "La théorie du langage à la lumière de la philosophie kantienne : vers une linguistique critique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0080.
Full textThe thesis explores the relationship between language and thought on the basis of a systematic parallel with Kantian philosophy. Within linguistic theory, the conception of the sign as a presentation of a concept allows for a reflective (rather than a determinative) definition of language, based on individual language proficiency. Language is likely to reflect adequately the thinking of individuals, the linguistic exchange allows for discussion of the information conveyed in the communities of speakers that they build, in accordance with the rhetorical procedures of argumentation based on the assumption of the validity of discourse. Seen historically as the dialectical adequation of the intellectual to the sensible conducted jointly by speakers, language appears poetically as the symbol of the reflection of the speakers in the a posteriori form of the language representation
Brankel, Jürgen. "Kant et la faculté de juger." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39158082x.
Full textCalori, François. "Le sentiment dans la pensée kantienne." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100112.
Full textSasseville, Jocelyn. "Définition et rôle du bonheur dans la philosophie pratique d'Emmanuel Kant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0011/MQ42010.pdf.
Full textLonguenesse, Béatrice. "Le pouvoir de juger : sensibilité et discursivité dans l'Analytique transcendentale de Kant." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010556.
Full textThis book is about the meaning of the forms of judgment as the "leading thread" for the elaboration of the Kantian table of categories. The genesis of the problem of the categories and its solution is followed from the inaugural dissertation in 1770 to the transcendental deduction in 1787. The kantian notion of a logical form of judgment is examined and compared with the definitions of the proposition in the logic text-books of the German schulphilosophie. The reflexive function of the logical forms is emphasized, and it is clarified with the help of the chapter on the amphiboly of concepts of reflection in the critique of pure reason. This reflexive function also brings light to the distinction between judgments of perception and judgments of experience as defined in the prolegomena to any future metaphysics. The doctrine of transcendental imagination and of its synthesis speciosa is then related to the doctrine of the logical forms of judgment. Its leads to a reinterpretation of the transcendental esthetics. It also helps to interpret each of the schema of pure concepts of the understanding, these concepts themselves, and the principles of the possibility of experience which they respectively ground
Langlois, Luc. "Kant et le problème de l'histoire." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040100.
Full textIn the first and second chapter of this work, we try to identify the position of the Kantian philosophy of history in the whole of the critical system. Despite the casual style of Kant’s essays on history, it appears that they play an important role in the resolution of the systematic problem of his philosophy. History is closely linked to the question of a possible articulation between the ultimate end of nature and the practical end of reason. "Is a moral transformation of human freedom possible?" is the question Kant asks in his essays. In the second part (chapt. 3 and 4), we analyze the different factors that influence the progress of human freedom towards its final destination, in taking into account, however, the limits of man's own capacity to integrate his moral end. Ch. 5 is an analysis of the debate between Kant and Herder. Ch. 6 is a short study of the signification of the French revolution in Kant’s philosophy of history
Mavouangui, David. "La philosophie de Kant et l'éducation." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010518.
Full textThe access to liberty, to moral education (which is the basic task of human education) goes through the recognition of the noumenon ego and the combination of the intelligible and the sensitive world. But though this task is commanded by axiological requirements, it meets the complex natural duality which is found in the human being, finite thinking being who cannot adequately fulfil his intended purpose (slave either of his sensitiveness or of his will) and then reasonable being capable of "good sense", humanity, a supramundane being who is fully involved in the establishment of the ethical city and the intelligible good. The kantian idea of education evolves from this aporetic duality in search of unity and is essentially based upon the critical study of the teleology of the nature on one side and the moral teleology on the other, the principles of political philosophy and that of history, law, religion and culture
Peyturaux, Sylvie. "L'interprétation de Dieu comme idéal dans la philosophie de Kant." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040138.
Full textFœssel, Michaël. "L' équivoque du monde : l'instance cosmologique dans la philosophie critique de Kant." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUEL423.
Full textThis thesis intends to reveal the emergence , in Kant's philosophy, of a concept of world that is not metaphysical. Starting from the cosmological antinomies, which reveal the world's impossible rationalization, because of its irreducible sensible character, we'll then proceed to the evaluation of this character-an evaluation that has to take into account both the ethical stakes of the world's idea, and the institution of a cosmological view on history and humanity. In the end, we'll try to describe the relation that is established between world and subjectivity, using the concept of membership
Dieth, Alexis. "Intériorité et moralité chez Emmanuel Kant." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5003.
Full textChenet, François-Xavier. "L'Esthétique transcendantale de la "Critique de la Raison pure" de Kant." Université de Provence. Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines (1969-2011), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10050.
Full textThe transcendental aesthetic of the "critique of pure reason" presents for kantian studies the problem of its role in the doctrinal organisation of the "critique", and in particular the condordance of its teaching with that of the transcendental analytic. Its presents, in addition, despite its reputation for clarity, a number of difficulties of interpretation, and to this day has continued to arouse numerous objections and reservations, notwithstanding its stated intention of being demonstrative. This is shown conspicuously by the vast quantity of explanatory, justificatory and especially polemical literature to which it has given rise. With its dense text, pregnant with considerable philosophical consequences, the aesthetic therefore requires a meticulous line by line analysis which follows the original text as closely as possible. To understand and evaluate this, it has been necessary to assemble not only the rich academic literature devoted to it, but also the plethora of essays which since 1784 have treated it as a privileged, not to say exclusive, subject. In contrast with those interpretations which see in the aesthetic the vestiges of an outdated state in kant's thought, and which are based notably on his return to the propositions of the "dissertation" of 1770, the originality of his doctrine is stressed here, especially that concerning sensibility and phenomena, its plays an irreplaceable part of the "critique", and it is worth underlining in this respect the inability of cosmological dialectic usefully to replace it. Although it can not completely escape criticism, the aesthetic must be firmly defended against the reproach of beeing incompatible, in letter and in spirit, with the analytic
Boutot, Laurent. "Idéal et normativité dans la philosophie de Kant." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Boutot-Laurent/2009-Boutot-Laurent-These.pdf.
Full textThis study examines the role and the meaning of the concept of the « highest Good » in Kant's practical philosophy. It tries to give a justification for Kant's claim that the highest Good is the necessary and a priori object of pure practical reason, and to give an account for this teleological moment revealed into the « Dialectic of pure practical reason » even though the normative theory founded by the « Analytic » seems to make such a moment useless. At first, the highest Good appears as a necessary object because it refers to the ineluctable and natural striving of reason for the unconditioned. Then, the practical necessity of the highest Good is connected to the fact that this concept, which doesn't belong to the fundamental concepts of ethics, belongs nonetheless to the fundamental concepts of ethic's application to the situation of a finite moral volition. The aspiration to the highest Good is finally related to the moral requirement inherent to practical reason to have an application in the world of nature. For such application is a necessary and a priori duty, the practical task ordering to promote the highest Good inherits of this moral necessity
Pierobon, Frank S. "La fondation architectonique de la métaphysique dans la critique de la raison pure." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213180.
Full textDelisle, Stéphane. "La notion de progrès dans la philosophie de l'histoire de Kant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/MQ26185.pdf.
Full textEkazama, Richard. "La liberté humaine et la dépendance à l'égard de Dieu chez Kant." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5011.
Full textDumouchel, Daniel. "L'approche kantienne du singulier et le problème du jugement réfléchissant : une étude génétique sur la théorie du jugement esthétique et sur son rôle dans la systématique critique." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040158.
Full textThe object of this study is the development of Kant’s aesthetics and the role they play in the accomplishment of his system of critical philosophy. The first section examines the early development of the aesthetics (1755-1779) with particular regard to the specific philosophical interests influencing each of his pre-critical aesthetic periods: 1 the relation between beauty and finality and their founding in the universe's objective order (1755-1763); 2 the anthropological and ethical founding of aesthetics (1764-1765); 3 the relation between taste and logical common sense (1765-1769) ; 4 the psychological founding of taste in light of Baumgartner’s sensual individuality (1769-1779). Proceeding from this interpretation, the second section attempts a developmental analysis of the critique of judgment. We begin by examining the transcendental founding of the "judgment of taste" as one particular judgment that takes on various forms (taste, natural beauty, the aesthetic idea, the sublime). Further, it becomes apparent that the "critique of taste", developed after 1787, plays a major heuristic role in the accomplishment of the final critique of judgment, and that this original "critique" represents a pivotal juncture around which Kant’s critical thought sought to resolve itself between the years 1787 and 1790
Blanc-brude, Gilles. "Psychologie et anthropologie dans la philosophie de Kant." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040013.
Full textKant’s philosophy is not a denial of any form of psychology. Despite the uncertainty of the systematic status concerning the mind’s empirical knowledge and the impossibility to use mathematics to bring this knowledge into the scientific field, despite the vacuity of a deduction about the metaphysical properties of the soul made a priori and the pointlessness of a psychological foundation of both philosophy and logic as well as moral, in brief, despite Kant’s antipsychologism and antinaturalism, themes and psychological issues do remain worthwhile and legitimate in his philosophy. The chapter on “Paralogisms” in the Critique of Pure Reason, associated to the “Refutation of Idealism”, does indeed put an end to the psychologia rationalis -which stems from Wolff’s metaphysics- but yet it makes it possible for psychology to be integrated into anthropology while following the leading thread of experience. Kant’s approach of psychology being intimately related to transcendental philosophy will be both its complement and its illustration through a series of considerations on the genesis of our knowledge, on the connection between interiority and exteriority, the various degrees of consciousness and eventually through considerations on the free use of our mental faculties. The first part will deal with the difficulties to set psychology in relation to Kant’s anthropology and philosophy. The second part will set out the main arguments against empirical and rational psychology. The last part will study Kant’s Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View as being the philosophical fulfilment of an untimely theory of the mind complying with the demands of criticism
Cariolato, Alfonso. "Position d'existence et construction de l'expérience chez Kant." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20045.
Full textL’existence en tant que position (Setzung) absolue de la chose est ce qui reste hors (bien qu’il en soit indissolublement lié) du système kantien, qui vise à la construction de l’expérience à partir de ce que la métaphysique appelle représentation. Cette construction se fonde elle-même sur une position, non ontologique mais intellectuelle, par laquelle le sujet pose l’objet à partir de ses structures a priori. Mais là où il semble que le dehors soit complètement asservi aux lois de la pensée, à savoir dans le système de tous les principes de l’entendement pur, il apparaît que telle priorité de la pensée représentative n’est possible qu’étant donné que l’entendement « pose » l’objet sur le « rien de donnés » de la chose. Cela signifie que chez Kant la simple impossibilité de définir directement la position d’existence constitue la promesse d’une pensée du pur survenir de la chose, du temps vide, de la création ex nihilo, de la chose en soi et de mon existence en tant qu’autre
Castaing, José. "De l'unité du système critique : introduction à la problématique de l'histoire et de la politique dans la philosophie kantienne." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010652.
Full textThe present work is intented as the test trial of an hypothesis : the unity, in a practical perspective, underlying the theses in the realm of the critical system, belaboured later by Kant in his "practical" philosophy, i. E. The metaphysic of morals, religion within the limits of simple reason, and the political and historical essays. The study of that labour in itself is the object of another research, as distinct from the present. The latter is essentially limited to the "critical system" in order to display in the first part the elements of the practical problem and to elaborate in the second part on the speculative approach through which Kant means to lay the basis of a theory unveiling nature not only as rational and therefore scientifically knowable, but also as originally keyed up to the intelligible destination of man as a limited and reasonable being. The fundamental question, bearing reference to the one in theology, was for Kant to show how in its rationality the world, or creation, was the element of a possible implementation of the law of reason by way of liberty. The study of the difficulties met with in the critiques endeavours to show that the hypothesis of such a pratical/metaphysical avenue of throught leads to establishing the fundamental unity in the system of the three critiques and perhaps to put forward a few interpretive hypotheses. The present work would also (perhaps mainly) lay claim to being a companionable instrument for the reading of the corpus the difficulties of which it is not my intention either to obfuscate or to resolve. Such difficultires are, without much doubt, irretrievably linked to Kant's purpose in producing a philosophy in which faith, if not theology, would at last find its place in a cogent way thanks to the discovery in man of the being through whom might be enacted the finality of the god believed in by Kant; thanks also to the setting out of the conditions under which it is possible to think of man as in charge of such an enactment, and of nature as place for the same
Gallois, Laurent. "Le souverain bien chez Kant : de l'espérance à l'histoire." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100017.
Full textThe highest good finds in Kant's philosophy a place which is not strictly limited to the Second Critique. In fact, as soon as it appears in the systematical published works (in the First Critique), the highest good assumes a critical function. This function gives to the concept of highest good a unity and a coherence which are conserved throughout Kant's later philosophy. Moreover, this function helps to read Kant's philosophy as a thought which has nothing to do with an etic of the good intention and (or) rigid formalism. Indeed, Kant does count man's hope as a real matter which concerns reason, and politics as a task to recognize how reason influences the whole life of man and is able to transform the world through liberty with the achievement of the highest good : while history in the shape of a narrative enables to grasp and (re)present its achievement
Wetzel, Henri. "Réflexion critique et connaissance de soi : commentaire sur le criticisme kantien." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010565.
Full textBonon, Kléber. "Kant philosophe du bonheur ?" Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010556.
Full textDelgado-Pereira-Tunhas, Paulo Jorge. "Abîmes, passages, limites :système et pré-système chez Kant." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0012.
Full textCormier, Stéphanie. "L'idéal de la raison dans la Critique de la raison pure d'Emmanuel Kant." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44088.
Full textHuneman, Philippe. "Métaphysique et biologie : Kant et la constitution du concept d'organisme." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010620.
Full textBélanger, Annick. "Le problème de la liberté dans la première critique de Kant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26349/26349.pdf.
Full textGauthier-Duchesne, Sarah. "Le concept de liberté dans la Critique de la raison pure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34863.
Full textBarthelmé, Bruno. "L'idée régulatrice dans le kantisme." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA01A004.
Full textFor the most part our subject concerns a few pages from "critique of pure reason" in the "appendix to the transcendantal analytics" where the notion of the regulating idea is developped. First we tried to show that this appendix is the answer to a question already put in the transcendantal analytics but which was up now a question without answer. How is experience materialy possible ? The elucidation of the conditions of the possible knowledge suppose consequently to take into account the idea and therefore criticism, by melting science with the thinking reason, leads to the definite refusal of scientism and to the proclamation that science is not self-foundation. We tried afterwards to clear up the exact status of the regulating idea. A language analysis of the "as if" points out the fact that it is the setting of a strategy of illusion - judged necessary by kant- which the "focus imaginarius" is a clear example. It was then necessary for us to consider that the regulating idea proceeds from imagination andto admit that kant considered reason as power of imagination. With the regulating idea comes up the idea of another metaphysics of "limits" letting reason accomplish itself in its "need" to go beyond experience by taking this high ridge path of knowledge that leads to a "middle-place", a journey in "utopia". What about then the future of the rrgulating idea beyond the critique of pure reason - does it disappear by the arrival of the notion of the "reflecting judgment" - as well as beyond the kantian criticism ? Beyond the hegelian critique of kantianism, cassier's neo-kantism seems to matre the most of the different meanings of the "regulating idea"
Magnard, Marguerite. "Pour comprendre Nabert à partir de Kant." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA1031.
Full textChauvier, Stéphane. "Républicanisme et cosmopolitisme : essai sur le droit cosmopolitique kantien." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040300.
Full textThe subject-matter of this work is, both, 1) to bring out the meaning of the kantian concept of a worldcitizen's right, as appearingin kant's doctrine of right of 1797; 29 to appreciate the normativ value of this concept, its relevance as a solution of natural right to the problem of the transnational relationships. We shew that any world which recognizes the value of the republican public right, has to recognize a similar value to the concept of a worldcitizenschip. And we shew that the concept of a worldcitizen's right is a reasonnable and rational alternativ to the actual international private right
Nita, Adrian. "Métaphysique du temps chez Leibniz et Kant." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT5005.
Full textPuech, Michel. "Kant et la causalité : Etude sur la formation du système critique." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL100.
Full textThe interpretation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1st ed. , 1781) follows here a study of texts published before by kant, and of the numerous unpublished papers we have (Nachlass). These kantian texts require for interpretation a general view of the history of wolffian and "post-wolffian" philosophy, which means as well a relation to the appearing of physical science during the XVIIth and XVIIIth century. The formation and development of the problem of causation in the XVIIIth century is the main stream of this story : formation of the problem of causation (physical and metaphysical), first idea of transcendantal philosophy as a solution to it, building process of the critique
Godet, Philippe. "Le système de la véracité : statut et fonction du principe de contradiction dans l'oeuvre kantienne." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010682.
Full textKantian relativism confers on formal principles, specially on the principle of contradiction, both being only valid within the range of their own effectiveness, the status of logical intuitionism, consistent with that of finiteness. Such a metalogical option materializes on both levels of the product and the method of transcendental reflection, in the understanding reflected in, and indeed prompted by, criticism. Finitess consists in assuming that the product comes full circle back to the method through which the principles can mediate their own relativisation under the apagogical constraints that underlie the transcendental deduction of analytics and, in dialectics, the syllogism of the critical decision. This then razises the problem of what exactly is the foundament that maintains such deferring to principles, through which in turn criticism challenges the sceptics' answer. Such deference lies upon the assertorical categoricity of "factum rationis" which, as the condition of sense, pervades the whole of transcendental normativity that is at once noetical and ethical. The unity of criticism therefore hangs on its claim to essential verazcity, which cannot be further founded. Such a decision, implicite in noetic field where knowledge, opinion and faith vie with each other for distinction, is clearly expressed in the practical field of ethics whose prime concern is to abide by the principle of contradiction and which can be taken as a staunch commitment to determining a nature as well as to, on a deeper level, the very conditions of achieving experience
Fornasiero, Lidia. "Folie et raison dans la philosophie d'E. Kant : l'apport heuristique du concept de folie dans la subjectivité tanscendantale." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT3024.
Full textBraz, Adelino. "Droit et éthique chez Kant : l'idée d'une destination communautaire de l'existence." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010613.
Full textPouzin, Jean-Michel. "La réflexion chez Kant et Hegel." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10025.
Full textZavadil, Simon-Alexandre. "Situation et modes de présentation du "cas" dans la philosophie kantienne, analyse et signification du champ de problématicité ouvert par le problème de la contingence : une interprétation de la philosophie critique à partir de la lecture de la "Critique de la faculté de juger"." Strasbourg 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20029.
Full textTo his rapport with contingency who situe him in the limit between the transcendental and the empirical, the "case" problematises the grounded and systematical orientation of criticism. Then four problems restrained our attention : 1) gnoseological (material multiplicity ananticipable of the data) ; 2) egological (heterogeneity of the principles a priori) ; 3) architectonical (systematical unification of philosophy) ; and 4) of the sovereign good (here and now effectuation of the moral law). If the practical temporality fortified from a teleological providentialism and reflected in a "philosophical history" is well developped in a moral anthropology, the casuality of beauty, in a step beyond the principle of, learn us that exists an originary stimmung from who itself is liberated in the reception of the arrival througt his transport in the opening of the opened. Temporality of the event is dyschronical and supposes a suspension of the projectual structure of the end : what happens is restrained at his arrival and at the same time resounds an always already there which is the sign of an originary precession. Taking into consideration the teleological judgement and the praxeological value of the idea of god, then we could understand how transcendental critics of the taste has been deviated into a philosophy of the history commanded from the notion of progress. Comparing to the question of the aufklarung, the experience of zufalligkeit to her own arrival to itself allowed then to discover a link between beauty and liberty. Besides to that, status of finitude into criticism appears as the essential question posed from the "case" : if, follow to the critical project of moral refondation of metaphysics, the human is called to be "his own deed", the rapport to geben impulsed from the fall imposed to Kant the discovery of a passivity who, prior to any decision and objectivation, refers to the originary exposition of the itself to contingency
Muglioni, Jean-Michel. "Progrès et finalité chez Kant : la philosophie kantienne, réponse à la question : qu'est-ce que l'homme ?" Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010606.
Full textGrandjean, Antoine. "Critique et réflexion : essai sur le discours kantien." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3027.
Full textForay, Philippe. "La formation du concept d'apparence transcendantale dans la philosophie de Kant." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040228.
Full textThe aim of this study which is composed of four parts, is to understand the meaning and the significance of the concept of transcendental appearance in the philosophy of Kant. Its first part deals with the genesis of the question of metaphysical illusions and of the concept of transcendental appearance in the pre-critical period. Then its second part shows the relation between transcendental appearance as the principle of speculative errors of the reason and the institution of the critic of the pure reason. Its third part studies the display of transcendental appearance in the critic of each branch of metaphysics, which is achieved in the second book of the transcendental dialectic. To conclude with this analysis, the nature and the origin of transcendental appearance are explained. Finally, its last part draws the consequences of this critic for the whole Kantian philosophy
Kebabdjian, Louis-Aram. "Une géographie critique : sciences de la Terre et imaginaire géographique dans Kant." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040196.
Full textKant taught physical geography. His interest in this subject left traces in the Critic of pure reason and in other texts. Geographical images and concepts in philosophy open up a passage between two regions of knowledge, thus questioning, practically and theoretically, the possibility of their coexistence. In order to understand what determines the use such images of the earth, we need to investigate the spatial inscription of the critical imaginary as well as the Kantian particulars of the geographical science and the metaphysical links between Earth and Reason. It appears, in theory, that the earth's relies a vision of the world in which the natural abilities of any thing depends on to the place it occupies. The critical project, witch intends to bring back reason to our own measure, makes use of geography in this purpose. The study of the practical aspect of this community ought to establish that the use concepts of region, spring and limit, employed by Kant to define space and criticism, apply a geographical knowledge in a sort of dynamical encyclopaedism
Zupančič, Alenka. "L'être et le réel : Kant, Lacan." Paris 8, 1997. https://octaviana.fr/document/18140480X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the subject of ethics from the perspective of the encounter between psychoanalysis and philosophy. The general framework of the dissertation is based on the theory of jacques lacan. Within this framework, two basic references are at the forefront: on the one hand the practical philosophy of immanuel kant and on the other hand lacan's discussion of ethics in relation to tragedy. Through the study of these two central references, the dissertation sets out to establish the conceptual framework of an "ethics of the real" in the lacanian sense of the word. With regard to the junctions of kantian and lacanian thought, the following issues are dealt with: the surplus of the form, introduced by ethics in its difference from the legal, the concept of freedom and of the subject of freedom, the kantian theory of transcendental ideas and postulates, the topic of "radical evil" and the question of the relationship between the moral law and the superego. The dissertation continues with a questioning of the role that tragedy plays in the lacanian theory of ethics. Here, the discussion focuses upon two tragic heroes: oedipus and sygne de coufontaine, the heroine of the play otage by paul claudel. This analysis of tragedy endeavors to throw some light on the question of the relationship between knowledge and ethics, between knowledge and subjectivization, between desire and drive, between the subject and the law, between the law and the act
Clavier, Paul. "Système cosmologique et philosophie transcendantale." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040017.
Full textThe idea of a worldsystem oscillates between the projection of a mathematical architecture and the physical cohesion of a material construction. Exceeding the cautious restrictions given by Newton and followed by Maupertuis and d'Alembert, Kant attributes essential gravitational forces to matter, such as a "hidden art to constitute itself from chaos into a perfect worldsystem". Being not less a fundamental presupposition than an existential position ("positiver grund"), this cosmological conception will survive the discovery of antinomy. Indeed, the problem of beginning and end of the world is eliminated by the nebular hypothesis. Kant heralds also Laplace. Unifying within the same system the psychology of representative forces and the cosmology of material forces, Kant will even proclaim, in agreement with Wolff: "the moving force is the thing itself" Kantian epistemology of the full and continuous is materially supported by either, which tends to join together "logical (distributive) universality and physical (collective) universality of a real container". Thus the concepts of worldsystem are asymptotically amphibological
Tavoillot, Pierre-Henri. "Kant et la querelle des Lumières : le Pantheismusstreit et le destin du rationalisme." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040277.
Full textIn the late 8th century the problematics of philosophy in germany was to be deeplay marked by the "pantheism controversy" (1785-1789) also called "spinozism controversy". Indeed a determining transition from the philosophy of enlightenment to the german idealism, it will be taken here as the reading key to an understanding of the organization of the great philosophic systems from kant to hegel. The purpose of this research is to throw light on what preceded and followed this crucial controversy whose fundamental aim is both the validity and realization of the ideal of enlightenment. On the one hand, it is a matter of identifying the divisions which appeared, before starting, among the philosophers of the aufklarung (in particular between lessing, mendelssohn and kant), and on the other hand of considering the effects both on the german controversy on the french revolution and the hegelian attempt at ending it definitively. Each step of this work will deal with the question whether the kantian concept of aufklarung can hold against the criticisms of the irrationalist philosophers (surch as jacobi) as well as those of the advocates of reason (as hegel). The essential stake is to find out whether this concept can still provide meaning and interest for today's work on philosophy
Jesus, Paulo Renato Cardoso de. "Poétique de l'ipse : temps, affection et synthèse dans l'unité du Je théorique kantien." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0096.
Full textThe Kantian "theoretical I" constitutes a unifying semantic unity wich produces itself epigenetically. Thus, this spontaneous - poetic - cognitive function appears to be both irreducible to a mere "logical form" and non-identifiable with a "substantial entity". The "I think", transcendental apperception, is a morphogenetic power-force wich unfolds as a continuous - virtually infinite - process of synthesis whose aim is the production of an organic system of knowledge. Its logical modality is necessity and its manner of acting is metaphenomenological ; "to must be capable of accompanying all my representations" means "to institute the act-form of all representation as such", namely their belonging to one and the same self. By questioning Kant with Hume, Leibniz and Fichte, this research attempts to elucidate the inevitable instability of the critical transition to a postmetaphysical Cogito
Zagury-Orly, Raphaël. "Le statut du criticisme dans le discours philosophique de la modernité : Kant face à Hegel et Heidegger." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040220.
Full textThis thesis attempts to clarify the intimate relationship between the transcendental subjectivity and the possibility of questioning. As a matter of fact, a certain type of subjectivity permits a certain type of questioning which we will have to explore the very limits and possibilities. In order to realize this project, we will need to interpret Kant - not via German Idealism nor Heideggerian phenomenology - but rather to attempt its reading after Hegel and Heidegger. This project could seem to be somewhat obvious unless it is understood that the most common reading of Kantian criticism today most often sees in this philosophical enterprise a simple stepping-stone to German idealism or a failed beginning to the phenomenological attitude. It is the Critique of Judgment, as it provokes a radical modulation in the very heart of the Critical system, which will constitute the central point of our reading of Kant. According to us, the third Critique accomplishes something which remains hesitant in the two prior Critiques, while justifying them and hence providing a greater actuality to the Kantian system as a whole before all the post-critical temptations. What we call the critical question entails for Kant a specificity which opposes it to all of its definitions in Hegel or Heidegger. We are entitled to believe that Kantianism practices a radically different philosophical questioning. Hence, we will continuously sharpen the virtual resistance of criticism towards Hegel and Heidegger by reactivating its very interrogative ground and bring forth what seems to us like a simple caricaturing of it by these last two philosophies. This thesis will contribute to reveal a type of Kantianism entirely reinforced by its opponents
Gravil, André. "Philosophie et finitude." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2033.
Full textSavidan, Patrick. "La théorie kantienne du sujet : de la critique de la métaphysique à son aboutissement théologique." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040138.
Full textMaroja, Angela. "La raison pratique et la Critique de la faculté de juger." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040227.
Full textBonnet, Jean. "Kant instituteur de la République (1795-1904). Genèse et formes du kantisme français dans la construction de la synthèse républicaine." Phd thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275209.
Full textThe conquests of Kantism have been received in very different ways according to country, historical circumstances, social situation, and political regime. Despite its apparently purely speculative aim, critical philosophy displayed right throughout the 19th century in France a constant intellectual and political presence. This is the initial assessment of my work. It thus seemed necessary to me, to begin with, to note as precisely as possible the topography of observable Kantisms in the ideological landscape of France between 1795 and 1904. The history of the reception of Kantism reveals an unexpected wealth of extraordinarily varied interpretations. I propose a chronology divided in three periods, each one of which seemed to possess significant distinctive characteristics (1795-1835 ; 1835-1867 ; 1867-1904)