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1
Stites, Elizabeth. "'The Only Place to Do This is in Town': Experiences Of Rural–Urban Migration in Northern Karamoja, Uganda." Nomadic Peoples 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/np.2020.240103.
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Towns in northern Karamoja, Uganda, are growing due to an expanding commercial sector, shifts in livestock-based rural livelihoods, and the economic and social appeal of urban life. This article presents qualitative data from 83 individual migrants to Abim, Kaabong and Kotido, the three largest towns in northern Karamoja. The research aimed to better understand the factors behind migration, the livelihood strategies pursued by those moving to towns and the opportunities and challenges associated with urban life. The data show that the majority of respondents in urban centres retained links to their rural communities: these connections allowed migrants to access key assets such as land, social networks and food, and allowed rural residents to receive remittances and other forms of support. Those who were not able to maintain ties to their rural homes or families were frequently the most vulnerable; most were widowed or abandoned women. Reasons for migration included household-level shocks, such as the loss of livestock or the death of a family member, as well as food insecurity or 'hunger'. Towns are attractive destinations because of their economic opportunities and potential for a better life. However, many respondents struggled with the cost of living in towns and worked multiple ad hoc and low-skilled jobs in order to get by. While rural linkages were important for populations in both areas, most respondents did not envision returning to their rural areas. Urban planning and services have not kept pace with migratory patterns.
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Hopp, Leah J., Ajwang Clementinah, Christopher J. Verdick, and Agnes Napyo. "Annual burden of disease in Nakaale, Karamoja: A descriptive, cross-sectional study." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): e0000222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000222.
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Even with global Sustainable Development Goals aimed at reducing poverty by reaching those furthest behind first and reducing inequalities within countries, regions like Karamoja continue to score low on many health indices. To understand the Karamoja context, we aimed to systematically describe the burden of disease in Nakaale, which is a hard-to-reach parish in Nakapiripirit District, through disaggregated data. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2019. We relied on secondary data collected from all clients seen at Akisyon a Yesu Presbyterian Clinic’s outpatient department in Nakaale. Data was extracted from Uganda’s Health Management Information System records using Excel and exported to Stata for analysis. We labelled, categorised, and estimated frequencies and proportions for the variables. We estimated the means and medians for normally distributed or skewed variables respectively. A total of 14,685 observations, different diagnoses (n = 163) and residential locations or villages (n = 189) were extracted and included in the analysis. Nearly half (48.9%) of the clients were under the age of five years. Infectious diseases (42%), respiratory diseases (19%), and gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases (17%) were most commonly reported. While many clients (42%) reside in the sub-county where the health facility is located, a larger proportion (58%) came from further away, including 15% from outside of the local district. In conclusion, Akiyson a Yesu Presbyterian Clinic serves a very young population in a catchment area well beyond what is expected of a Health Centre II, in breadth of diagnoses, geographically, and in sheer numbers. Data gathered in this study will inform policy at the clinic, subcounty, and district levels enabling accurate health service delivery for the local context.
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Mirzeler, Mustafa, and Crawford Young. "Pastoral politics in the northeast periphery in Uganda: AK-47 as change agent." Journal of Modern African Studies 38, no. 3 (September 2000): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00003402.
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Our aim in this article is to contribute to understanding the effects of firearms on the relationship between the state and pastoral communities in contemporary northeast Uganda. The Karamoja region has from early colonial times been a peripheral zone. Although successive post-colonial regimes have made episodic efforts to incorporate this zone more fully into Ugandan national space, relations between Karamoja and the centre remain distant and distrustful. The transformation of local modes of conflict by large-scale infusion of the AK-47 has had far-reaching effects both on relationships with the Ugandan state and its local representatives, and within Karamoja societies. The younger men who possess these weapons elude the authority of the elders, and entertain ambiguous relations with the state authorities, whom they may serve as auxiliaries or resist.
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Okoth, Henry Okidi. "How Are the Karamojong Politically Marginalised?" Nomadic Peoples 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/np.2023.270104.
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The paper discusses the overlooked political marginalisation of Karamojong pastoralists in Uganda, contrary to a commonly held belief that ecological factors and pastoralism are the leading contributors to poverty and underdevelopment in Karamoja. Anchored within the theoretical strand of marginalisation, this article discusses how the actions of those operating at the centre of power perpetuate persistent poverty in Karamoja. A particular focus is placed on political representation, resource allocation and the engagement of local people in poverty eradication and development. The paper argues that the grants from central government are meagre and misguided, Karamoja is poorly and ineffectively represented at policy levels, and the local people have a limited voice in poverty alleviation and development programmes. The paper concludes that Karamoja's persistent poverty is to a great extent a product of political marginalisation. Finally, it recommends affirmative action, effective local leadership, sensitisation and involvement of local people in poverty alleviation initiatives and combating corruption in public offices.
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Mokori, Alex, Amos Hashaka Ndungutse, Dinah Amongin, Caroline Noel Agabiirwe, Robert Byabasheija, and Joyce Draru. "Use of collaborative learning approach for increased cure rate among children aged 6–59 months with severe wasting in Karamoja, Uganda." BMJ Open Quality 12, no. 1 (February 2023): e001941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2022-001941.
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BackgroundAt 10%, Karamoja region has the highest rate of child wasting in Uganda. The region has 126 outpatient therapeutic care (OTC) sites for managing children with severe acute malnutrition.Local problemCure rate (CR) in OTC in Karamoja remains below the international standard of over 75%. The study aimed at increasing the CR in 10 OTC sites in Karamoja, from 74.1% to >75% in 13 months.MethodsThe study commenced in July 2018, up to September 2019, in purposively selected health facilities in six districts in Karamoja. Quality improvement (QI) methods per the Ministry of Health QI Framework were applied. QI teams (QITs) tracked the outcome of the tested changes for 13 months. χ2tests were used to assess the intrafacility and interdistrict association in CR.InterventionInstitute for Health Improvement (IHI) (2003) improvement model was applied in this collaborative. QITs conducted root cause analysis of CR gaps, which guided them in the development of improvement aims, changes and indicators. QITs used plan–do–study–act cycles to test and adopt the feasible changes.ResultsCR increased from 74.1% to 78.6%, with an overall average of 80% within 13 months. Abim district had the highest CR (83.3%) and Kaabong district the lowest (75.2%). Health centre II (84.0%) had the highest CR. Assigning village health teams to follow up caregivers of children in OTC with missed appointments, allocation of village health teams and local leaders to monitor the administration of ready-to-use therapeutic food to children, and screening and treating comorbidities among children in OTC increased CR.ConclusionsQI methods focusing on collaborative learning increased CR among children in OTC in Karamoja. Sustaining the gains requires district health offices, partners and health facility management’s commitment to institutionalise the QI collaborative learning approaches.
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Stites, Elizabeth, and Anastasia Marshak. "Who are the Lonetia? Findings from southern Karamoja, Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 54, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 237–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x16000021.
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ABSTRACTThe increase in crime and violence committed by young men known as lonetia in southern Karamoja, Uganda, has occurred in parallel to overall security improvements since the start of the 2006 disarmament campaign. This article examines the lonetia phenomenon from the perspective of the young men themselves. Panel data from four sets of interviews conducted in 2013 with approximately 400 young men provide details on the motivations of young men and the challenges they experience in the face of changing livelihood opportunities. We find that the lonetia category is highly fluid and that a set of behaviours and attributes correspond with the frequency of engagement in lonetia activity. Examination of seasonality highlights the contribution of hunger to lonetia frequency. We examine the perceptions of power and respect of young men in their communities as well as their propensity towards violence. The article concludes with thoughts on influencing lonetia involvement.
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Gomes, Verónica, Cíntia Alves, António Amorim, Ángel Carracedo, Paula Sánchez-Diz, and Leonor Gusmão. "Nilotes from Karamoja, Uganda: Haplotype data defined by 17 Y-chromosome STRs." Forensic Science International: Genetics 4, no. 4 (July 2010): e83-e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.07.001.
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Muwanga, S., R. Onwonga, S. O. Keya, and E. Komutunga. "Sedentary Agriculture and Its Implications on Soil Quality in Agro-pastoral Semi-arid Karamoja, Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n4p148.
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Uganda Government embarked on promoting sedentary agriculture in Karamoja agro-pastoral semi-arid livelihood zone, which experience rapid environmental and high soil quality (SQ) decline. However, studies on sedentary agriculture’s impact on soil quality using farmer’s knowledge is limited. Consequently, a survey was carried out in Karamoja (Iriiri, Matany Sub-counties of Napak of districts and Rengen sub-county of Kotido) to determine the soil quality indicator parameters based on the farmers knowledge in order to build a local soil knowledge data base to better inform sustainable land use strategies. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, forty indigenous farmers per sub-county, were interviewed between August and September, 2015. The study took into account the social demographic characteristics of the people, farming enterprises, methods of crops production, crops yields trends, causes of the perceived yields trends and soil quality indicators. Prospects of developing Karamoja indigenous knowledge data base lies in visible feature that predict soil quality. Farmers used 36 parameters to determine SQ. The parameters were clustered into five categories; soil, crop, biological, environmental and management each category contributing to 42, 19,14,8 and 17% of the total indicators, respectively. The relationship between age group and the perceived indicators of soil fertility was statistically significant (p-value = 0.045) with the majority stating that they use either soil colour, soil depth or soil texture to express the fertility of soil. The farmer’s soil quality indicators assessed in this study, is important in establishing indigenous-scientific hybrid knowledge data base to enhance soil fertility maintenance and better inform policy makers and other stakeholders on development of sustainable land use strategies.
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Muggaga, Christopher, D. Ongeng, B. Mugonola, I. Okello-Uma, NA Kaaya, and D. Taylor. "Seasonal variability in food and nutrition security among children 0-3 years in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 103 (September 27, 2021): 18474–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.103.16920.
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Optimal nutrition and good feeding of infants and young children are among the most important determinants of their health, growth and development. Due to unimodal climate in Karamoja sub-region, north eastern Uganda, achieving food security remains a development challenge in the area impacting negatively on the nutrition and health status of infants and young children. The current study, therefore, is important in providing the basis for season-based interventions to improve food and nutrition security in Karamoja sub-region. A longitudinal study involving 267 lactating mothers during harvesting season and 380 during planting season was conducted. Data were collected using Individual level Dietary Diversity questionnaire, 24-Hour Dietary Recall, and Anthropometry and were analyzed statistically. The findings indicated that except Abim district, 77.8-97.8%of the lactating mothers never attended school; 75-100% depend on subsistence farming. Lactating mothers (29.9-41.9%) introduced complementary foods to their infants at 6 months, while the age at first introduction of any food to the infant was mostly between 4-6 months. Dietary quality of complementary foods was low across all the districts; 6.7-38.9% of the children ate foods from four or more of the seven food groups in the previous day (Minimum Dietary Diversity) in both seasons. Complementary foods were characterized by plant food sources. With exception of milk and milk products, proportion of children who consumed animal-sourced foods was low, ranging from 0% in meats to 8.9% in fish and sea foods. Energy and nutrient intakes varied according to age groups of the children across districts and season. The proportion of children below -2 Z-score also varied according to districts and it is generally higher during the planting season than the harvesting season. The median of the z-scores for height-for age and Mid Upper Arm Circumference for age ranged from -1 to -2.5. In conclusion, there were variations and disparities in dietary diversity, energy and nutrient intake as well as nutrition status of infants and young children across season and districts in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda. Therefore, interventions to combat malnutrition among children 0-3 years need to take into account seasonal variations for each of the geographical locations in Karamoja sub-region.
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Stites, Elizabeth, and Kimberly Howe. "From the border to the bedroom: changing conflict dynamics in Karamoja, Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 57, no. 1 (March 2019): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000642.
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AbstractFor the latter decades of the last century, the Karamoja region of north-eastern Uganda was infamous as a place of violent cattle raids and road ambushes, populated by fierce warriors. Using primary data, this article examines the shifts from large-scale raiding to opportunistic theft as well as the profound transformation in the security environment over the past 10 years. We argue that the combination of a top-down sustained disarmament campaign and grassroots peace resolutions have created relative stability for the first time in decades. This stability has allowed for the expansion of markets, investments by national and international actors, and the rejuvenation of livelihoods for many residents. However, while large-scale violent cattle raids are largely a thing of the past, violence and insecurity have shifted to the domestic sphere in the form of small-scale but pervasive thefts and rampant domestic violence.
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Gradé, Jeanne, Robert Weladji, John Tabuti, and Patrick Van Damme. "Healer-driven ethnoveterinary knowledge diffusion among semi-nomadic pastoralists in Karamoja, Uganda." Afrika Focus 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2008): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02201006.
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Karamojong, semi-nomadic pastoralists of Uganda, rely on indigenous knowledge (IK) for their own healthcare and their livestock’s. It is important to preserve, promote and protect IK, in order to keep it from disappearing. One way is to facilitate its diffusion. The aim of this study was to compare the status of ethnoveterinary knowledge (EVK) in three unrelated communities to investigate whether organised healer-promoted EVK is more easily diffused and to what extent. This study applies a ‘knowledge, attitude and practices’ (KAP) survey to measure EVK application relating to twelve livestock diseases and sixteen remedies in different communities. Only in the community of Nabilatuk do registered healers regularly meet for participatory EVK sharing and afterwards pass on ideas to neighbours. Participants from the Lorengedwat community rarely interact with Nabilatuk while the interviewees of the Kaabong group have had virtually no chance to interact with the two other communities. In total 180 people (60 per site) were interviewed. Data were analysed in relation to distance from the healers’ association; this significantly influenced EVK scores. Overall Nabilatuk scores were higher than those obtained in both other villages, while Lorengedwat was higher than the most distant and remote community of Kaabong. This indicates that organised healers have been effective in divulging their information and in promoting EVK diffusion.
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Opito, Ronald, Keneth Kwenya, Saadick Mugerwa Ssentongo, Mark Kizito, Susan Alwedo, Baker Bakashaba, Yunus Miya, et al. "Treatment success rate and associated factors among drug susceptible tuberculosis individuals in St. Kizito Hospital, Matany, Napak district, Karamoja region. A retrospective study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 14, 2024): e0300916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300916.
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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among infectious agents globally. An estimated 10 million people are newly diagnosed and 1.5 million die of the disease annually. Uganda is among the 30 high TB-burdenedd countries, with Karamoja having a significant contribution of the disease incidence in the country. Control of the disease in Karamoja is complex because a majority of the at-risk population remain mobile; partly because of the nomadic lifestyle. This study, therefore, aimed at describing the factors associated with drug-susceptible TB treatment success rate (TSR) in the Karamoja region. Methods This was a retrospective study on case notes of all individuals diagnosed with and treated for drug-susceptible TB at St. Kizito Hospital Matany, Napak district, Karamoja from 1st Jan 2020 to 31st December 2021. Data were abstracted using a customised data abstraction tool. Data analyses were done using Stata statistical software, version 15.0. Chi-square test was conducted to compare treatment success rates between years 2020 and 2021, while Modified Poisson regression analysis was performed at multivariable level to determine the factors associated with treatment success. Results We studied records of 1234 participants whose median age was 31 (IQR: 13–49) years. Children below 15 years of age accounted for 26.2% (n = 323). The overall treatment success rate for the study period was 79.3%(95%CI; 77.0%-81.5%), with a statistically significant variation in 2020 and 2021, 75.4% (422/560) vs 82.4% (557/674) respectively, (P = 0.002). The commonest reported treatment outcome was treatment completion at 52%(n = 647) and death was at 10.4% (n = 129). Older age, undernutrition (Red MUAC), and HIV-positive status were significantly associated with lower treatment success: aPR = 0.87(95%CI; 0.80–0.94), aPR = 0.91 (95%CI; 0.85–0.98) and aPR = 0.88 (95%CI; 0.78–0.98); respectively. Patients who were enrolled in 2021 had a high prevalence of treatment success compared to those enrolled in 2020, aPR = 1.09 (95%CI; 1.03–1.16). Conclusion TB TSR in Matany Hospital was suboptimal. Older age, poor nutrition, and being HIV-positive were negative predictors of treatment success. We propose integrating nutrition and HIV care into TB programming to improve treatment success.
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Lubang, B., J. Nobert, and E. G. Mtalo. "Integrated Remote Sensing and Gas Techniques for Groundwater Exploration in Semi-Arid Region: A Case of Karamoja Region – Uganda." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i2.428.
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Groundwater is a precious resource that covers wide geographical extent. Proper evaluation is required in order to ensure prudent use of groundwater resources. The current groundwater assessment in Karamoja region, as in many parts of the world, uses Apparent Resistivity and Vertical Electrical Sounding, which has limited coverage to some localized usually predetermined areas. Comprehensive groundwater development program needs a wide area coverage and large volume of multidisciplinary data.In the present study, an integrated remote sensing and GIS based methodology is developed and tested for the evaluation of groundwater resources of Karamoja Sub Region, Northeastern Uganda. The components of the study are delineation of the groundwater potential zones in the area and evaluation of the relationship between delineated groundwater potential zones and aquifer characteristics.The groundwater potential zones are determined by the relevant layers, which include hydro-geomorphology, lineament density, slope, drainage density, overburden thickness and aquifer depth, rainfall, geology, land use, and soil were integrated in Arc/Info grid environment. Weighted index overlay method developed by Multi Criteria Analysis (Analytical Hierarchy Process) was used to assign weights to the different map layers. All the information layers were been integrated through GIS analysis, employing the use of Natural Break (Jenks) method for classification. Alexandru groundwater potential zoning using the Transmissivity values was used for the final classification of the potential zones and correlation with ground-truth data. Over 70% correlation was achieved showing the significance of GIS in groundwater mapping.
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Maniragaba, Vallence Ngabo, Leonard K. Atuhaire, and Pierre Claver Rutayisire. "Analysis of Spatiotemporal Patterns of Undernutrition among Children below Five Years of Age in Uganda." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 13, 2023): 14872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014872.
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Background: This study aimed at examining the prevalence and variations in undernutrition among children below five years of age in Uganda while considering the influence of space and time factors. Various studies conducted in Uganda analyzed the undernutrition phenomenon among children below five years of age with a focus on the risk factors and spatial variations; however, no study has ever integrated the elements of time in examining the problem of undernutrition in Uganda. The approach of spatial and spatiotemporal analysis is essential in identifying cluster patterns, hotspots, trends, and emerging hotspots, which is crucial in making timely and location-specific interventions. Methods: Data from the six Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys spanning from 1990 to 2016 were used, with the main outcome variable being undernutrition among children below five years of age. A Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure was derived from the three undernutrition outcomes and subsequently used as a proxy of undernutrition in this study. All data that were relevant to this study were retrieved from the survey datasets and combined with the 2014 shape files of Uganda to enable spatial and spatiotemporal analysis. Spatial maps with the spatial distribution of the prevalence of undernutrition, both in space and time, were generated using ArcGIS Pro version 2.8. Moran’s I, an index of spatial autocorrelation, was used to test the hypothesis of no spatial autocorrelation, while the Getis–Ord (Gi*) statistic was used to examine hot and cold spot areas. Furthermore, space-time cubes were generated to establish the trend in undernutrition as well as to mirror its variations over time and across the country. Moreover, emerging hot spot analysis was done to help in identifying the patterns of undernutrition over time. Results: The national prevalence of undernutrition among children below five years of age was 31.96 percent, with significant spatial variations both in space across Uganda and in the time since 1989. The index of spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) confirmed spatial clustered patterns as opposed to random distributions of undernutrition prevalence. Four hot spot areas, namely, the Karamoja, the Sebei, the West Nile, and the Toro regions, were significantly evident. Most of the central parts of Uganda were identified as cold spot clusters, while most of Western Uganda, the Acholi, and the Lango regions had no statistically significant spatial patterns by the year 2016. The spatio-temporal analysis identified the Karamoja and Sebei regions as clusters of persistent, consecutive, and intensifying hot spots, West Nile region was identified as a sporadic hotspot area, while the Toro region was identified with both sporadic and emerging hotspots. In conclusions, undernutrition is a silent pandemic that calls for immediate and stringent measures. At 31.96 percent, the prevalence is still very high and unpleasant. To reduce the prevalence of undernutrition and to achieve SDG goal 2, policymakers, as well as implementers, should consider the spatial effects and spatial and spatiotemporal variations across the country and prioritize interventions to hot spot areas. This would ensure efficient, timely, and region-specific interventions.
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Gomes, Verónica, Paula Sánchez-Diz, Cíntia Alves, Iva Gomes, António Amorim, Ángel Carracedo, and Leonor Gusmão. "Population data defined by 15 autosomal STR loci in Karamoja population (Uganda) using AmpF/STR Identifiler kit." Forensic Science International: Genetics 3, no. 2 (March 2009): e55-e58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.06.005.
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Mutebi, Francis, Hannah McNeilly, Marlene Thielecke, Felix Reichert, Susanne Wiese, George Mukone, and Hermann Feldmeier. "Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Human and Animal Tungiasis in Napak District, Karamoja, Northeastern Uganda." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020111.
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Tungiasis is an important but highly neglected cause of morbidity in resource-poor communities in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. Data upon which implementation of control measures can be based are scarce. Before piloting an integrated tungiasis control program in three parishes of Napak district, Uganda, a cross-sectional survey involving the systematic examination of humans and domestic mammals was implemented to establish the occurrence patterns of tungiasis. The study population was 5482 residents, of which 4035 (73.6%) participated in the study. The prevalence of tungiasis in humans was 62.8% (95% CI: 61.3–64.3%), with slightly more males than females affected (p = 0.01). Age-specific prevalence and intensity of human tungiasis followed an S-curve pattern, with children of 5–14 years and the elderly (≥60 years) being the most affected. Half of all lesions (50%) had been manipulated by sharp objects. The prevalence of tungiasis in animals was lower (14.2%, 95% CI: 10.9–18.0) than that of humans (p < 0.001). Animal tungiasis occurred in decreasing order of frequency in pigs (80%), dogs (24%), goats (16.3%), cats (8.1%) and sheep (4.9%). In conclusion, human tungiasis was highly prevalent but animal infections were comparatively few in the study area. Nevertheless, effective control measures should be based on One Health principles.
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Barakagira, Alex, and Isaiah Ndungo. "Watershed management and climate change adaptation mechanisms used by people living in dryland areas of Lokere catchment in Karamoja, Uganda." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2023-0004.
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Abstract The effects of climate change in Uganda are manifested by severe and sometimes extreme weather events such as droughts and landslides. An Integrated Watershed Management (IWM) plan was initiated in the Karamoja region, aimed at generating information that could be used to reduce climate vulnerabilities among the rural poor. The study aimed at determining the local community’s perception of the effects of climate change on their livelihoods; and, to examine the effectiveness of the Integrated Watershed Management practices (IWMPs) on agricultural production within the area. Three hundred and ninety-seven households were randomly chosen and included in the survey. Interviews with local government officials who held high posts were conducted. Direct observations were also used for data collection. Findings showed that droughts and increases in pests and diseases; were some of the impacts caused by climate change events. Despite the initiation of IWMPs, climate change events moderately increased food insecurity (γ = 0.556; P=0.000) and also moderately affected community assets like roads and valley dams (γ = 0.426; P=0.000). In addition, household income insecurity was moderately and positively related to climate change effects (γ = 0.556; P=0.000). A weak positive relationship was found between the application of IWMPs and agricultural production (γ = 0.273; P=0.000). The Uganda Government should emphasize and intensify the implementation of IWMPs among the farmers living in agricultural watersheds as a means of continuously improving agricultural production and building the farmers’ resilience to climate change events.
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Mulugeta, Mercy Fekadu. "Small arms and conflict among East African pastoralists: the Karamoja (in)security complex." Africa 87, no. 4 (October 26, 2017): 739–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000341.
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AbstractWhile the conceptual models on conflict, security and regionalism have evolved and augmented with time, East African pastoral relations remain subject to simplistic explanatory analyses that view pastoral conflicts as cross-border community conflicts and small arms as part of their cultural heritage. This article strives to find a more nuanced understanding of the relations of pastoralist communities and the role of arms in the perennial cross-border conflict. It uses a regional security complex (RSC) approach, first proposed by Barry Buzan and subsequently moulded in ‘new regionalism’ perspectives, which emphasizes the intricate web of pastoralist relations shaped by their need for security, where their identity and livelihood (cattle) remain at the centre. Taking this further, it develops the concept of a Karamoja security complex (KSC) as an appropriate explanatory framework. Through historical analysis and primary data collected among the Nyàngatom in Ethiopia, the research reveals a regular and complex pattern of conflict moulded primarily by the fundamental need for security.
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CUMMINGS, M. J., J. F. WAMALA, M. EYURA, M. MALIMBO, M. E. OMEKE, D. MAYER, and L. LUKWAGO. "A cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in northeastern Uganda: epidemiology and interventions." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 8 (September 27, 2011): 1376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811001956.
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SUMMARYIn sub-Saharan Africa, many nomadic pastoralists have begun to settle in permanent communities as a result of long-term water, food, and civil insecurity. Little is known about the epidemiology of cholera in these emerging semi-nomadic populations. We report the results of a case-control study conducted during a cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in the Karamoja sub-region of northeastern Uganda in 2010. Data from 99 cases and 99 controls were analysed. In multivariate analyses, risk factors identified were: residing in the same household as another cholera case [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6·67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·83–15·70], eating roadside food (aOR 2·91, 95% CI 1·24–6·81), not disposing of children's faeces in a latrine (aOR 15·76, 95% CI 1·54–161·25), not treating drinking water with chlorine (aOR 3·86, 95% CI 1·63–9·14), female gender (aOR 2·43, 95% CI 1·09–5·43), and childhood age (10–17 years) (aOR 7·14, 95% CI 1·97–25·83). This is the first epidemiological study of cholera reported from a setting of semi-nomadic pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa. Public health interventions among semi-nomadic pastoralists should include a two-faceted approach to cholera prevention: intensive health education programmes to address behaviours inherited from insecure nomadic lifestyles, as well as improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure. The utilization of community-based village health teams provides an important method of implementing such activities.
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Egeru, Anthony, Bernard Barasa, Josephine Nampijja, Aggrey Siya, Moses Tenywa Makooma, and Mwanjalolo Gilbert Jackson Majaliwa. "Past, Present and Future Climate Trends Under Varied Representative Concentration Pathways for a Sub-Humid Region in Uganda." Climate 7, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7030035.
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Long-term trend analysis at local scale for rainfall and temperature is critical for detecting climate change patterns. This study analysed historical (1980–2009), near future (2010–2039), mid- (1940–2069) and end-century (2070–2099) rainfall and temperature over Karamoja sub-region. The Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) daily climate data provided by the Agricultural Model Inter-comparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) was used. The AgMIP delta method analysis protocol was used for an ensemble of 20 models under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). Historical mean rainfall was 920.1 ± 118.9 mm and minimum, maximum and mean temperature were 16.8 ± 0.5 °C, 30.6 ± 0.4 °C and 32.0 ± 0.7 °C, respectively. Minimum temperature over the historical period significantly rose between 2000 and 2008. Near future rainfall varied by scenario with 1012.9 ± 146.3 mm and 997.5 ± 144.7 mm for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively; with a sharp rise predicted in 2017. In the mid-century, mean annual rainfall will be 1084.7 ± 137.4 mm and 1205.5 ± 164.9 mm under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively. The districts of Kaabong and Kotido are projected to experience low rainfall total under RCP4.5 (mid-century) and RCP8.5 (end-century). The minimum temperature is projected to increase by 1.8 °C (RCP4.5) and 2.1 °C (RCP8.5) in mid-century, and by 2.2 °C (RCP4.5) and 4.0 °C (RCP8.5) in end-century.
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Wasswa, Ronald, Rornald Muhumuza Kananura, Hillary Muhanguzi, and Peter Waiswa. "Spatial variation and attributable risk factors of anaemia among young children in Uganda: Evidence from a nationally representative survey." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): e0001899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001899.
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Anaemia continues to be a burden especially in developing countries that not only affects the physical growth and cognitive development of children but also increases their risk to death. Over the past decade, the prevalence of anaemia among Ugandan children has been unacceptably high. Despite this, spatial variation and attributable risk factors of anaemia are not well explored at national level. The study utilized the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) data with a weighted sample of 3805 children aged 6–59 months. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6. This was followed by a multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear model for the analysis of the risk factors. Estimates for population attributable risks (PAR) and fractions (PAF) were also provided using STATA version 17. In the results, intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) indicates that 18% of the total variability of anaemia was due to communities within the different regions. Moran’s index further confirmed this clustering (Global Moran’s index = 0.17; p-value<0.001). The main hot spot areas of anaemia were Acholi, Teso, Busoga, West Nile, Lango and Karamoja sub-regions. Anaemia prevalence was highest among boy-child, the poor, mothers with no education as well as children who had fever. Results also showed that if all children were born to mothers with higher education or were staying in rich household, the prevalence would be reduced by 14% and 8% respectively. Also having no fever reduces anaemia by 8%. In conclusion, anaemia among young children is significantly clustered in the country with disparities noted across communities within different sub-regions. Policies targeting poverty alleviation, climate change or environment adaptation, food security as well interventions on malaria prevention will help to bridge a gap in the sub regional inequalities of anaemia prevalence.
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James Mgale, Yohana, ABELI MAGANYA, and Tumaini Rwela. "Comparative Advantage of Trade in Food Products among the Selected East African Community Partner States: Implication for Policy Formulation." Rural Planning Journal 26, no. 1 (July 23, 2024): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.59557/rpj.26.1.2024.76.
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Despite the potential benefits of regional trade, economic disparities among East African Community (EAC) member states persist. This study investigated the relationship between trade openness, comparative advantage in food trade, and economic performance within the EAC, focusing on Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. The study adopted export data from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database, the World Bank, and the International Trade Centre, as well as GDP data from the Bank of Tanzania and the National Bureau of Statistics. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, causality analysis, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and vector autoregressive model. Findings reveal a positive impact of trade openness on Tanzania’s economy but negative impacts on Kenya and Uganda, suggesting Tanzania benefits from EAC integration while Kenya and Uganda face trade challenges. The causality analysis shows that Tanzania’s economic performance drives food exports, trade openness impacts Kenya’s economic performance significantly, and Uganda sees a reciprocal link between economic growth and food exports; however, trade openness does not significantly affect Ugandan economic growth. The analysis of the Balassa index indicates Kenya’s food export advantage, a decline in Uganda’s export advantage since 1996, and Tanzania’s lack of export advantage with potential for improvement. The study recommends cautiously implementing trade openness policies within the EAC to prevent trade distortions and currency devaluation.
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Ssemukasa, EL, and J. Kearney. "Complementary feeding practices in Wakiso District of Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 14, no. 64 (July 7, 2014): 9085–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.64.12440.
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The first 2 years of life provide a critical window of opportunity for ensuring children’s appropriate growth and development through optimal feeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of weaning practices in Wakiso district. Wakiso is a district in central Uganda that encircles Kampala, Uganda's capital city. The district is named after the town of Wakiso, where the district headquarters are located. A descriptive survey to evaluate infant weaning practices was conducted at Nsanji Health Centre III, Wakiso district from July through October 2011. Mothers with no established HIV/AIDS positive status aged 15 years and above, with last born-child aged 1-23 months, willing to provide data on the infant´s feeding practices and regular attendants for infant vaccination schedules on Tuesday at the same facility were targeted. The motherinfant pairs were systematically selected for participation in the study based on the number of mothers together with their infants present every Tuesday morning of each week, for vaccinations at the health centre since the health centre had no database for the breastfeeding mothers. A structured questionnaire focusing on breastfeeding practices, complementary feeding practices, mineral supplementation and fluids administration, child’s state of wellbeing in first year of life, mothers’ age and parity was administered. A total of 204 mother-infant pairs were analysed. Overall, 94% of 204 infants who participated in the study had not been exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Only one of the 124 infants between 0- 6 months of age and 5.9% of the 80 infants over 6 months of age were still exclusively breastfeeding at the time of the survey. Complementary foods were introduced earlier than recommended with 22% of the mothers introducing solid foods before 1 month, 14% at 1-3 months and 6% at 4-6 months. Family members (p = 0.001) were a significant source of information on when to start feeding infants solid foods. In conclusion, the low exclusive breastfeeding rates, the early introduction of complementary foods and cow milk and the late introduction of red meat into the infant diets may well be responsible for the high level of infant infections recorded in the first year of infancy. Therefore, a nutritional education intervention, promoting exclusive breastfeeding, highlighting the health and food safety risks associated with the early introduction of cow milk into the infant diets could help reduce the high levels of infant infections and mortality in Uganda.
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Namujuzi, Sylvia, and David Luyombya. "Access and use of agricultural records at Uganda National Archives and Records Centre." ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives 39, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/esarjo.v39i1.7.
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This paper focused on access and use of agriculture archives at the Uganda National Archives and Records Centre (NARC) in Kampala. The objectives of this study were to identify the agriculture archives at the NARC, establish the number of MAAIF and NARI staff that consult the agriculture archives, assess researcher’s opinion on agriculture archives in promoting agriculture research, identify challenges of access and use; and make suggestions for enhancing access and use of agriculture archives at NARC. The study purposively sampled five NARC archivists, seven directors of the National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) and 15 heads of departments in the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF). Data was collected using interviews, observations and document analysis. Data was categorised into themes and the content reported in narrative form. The findings revealed that the NARC had a limited collection of agriculture archives due to the fact that there was no mechanism to collect all agriculture archives from the creating agencies, including MAAIF and NARI. Neither was there a mechanism for promoting access to and use of agriculture archives. The study recommends that the NARC should have a spelt-out budget to carry out documentation, collection and promotion of access and use of agriculture archives.
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Nsubuga, Francis Wasswa, and Hannes Rautenbach. "Climate change and variability: a review of what is known and ought to be known for Uganda." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, no. 5 (November 19, 2018): 752–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2017-0090.
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Purpose In view of the consensus that climate change is happening, scientists have documented several findings about Uganda’s recent climate, as well as its variability and change. The purpose of this study is to review what has been documented, thus it gives an overview of what is known and seeks to explain the implications of a changing climate, hence what ought to be known to create a climate resilient environment. Design/methodology/approach Terms such as “climate”, “climate change” and “climate variability” were identified in recent peer-reviewed published literature to find recent climate-related literature on Uganda. Findings from independent researchers and consultants are incorporated. Data obtained from rainfall and temperature observations and from COSMO-CLM Regional Climate Model-Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CCLM CORDEX) data, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) have been used to generate spatial maps, seasonal outputs and projections using GrADS 2.02 and Geographic Information System (GIS) software for visualization. Findings The climate of Uganda is tropical in nature and influenced by the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), varied relief, geo-location and inland lakes, among other factors. The impacts of severe weather and climate trends and variability have been documented substantially in the past 20-30 years. Most studies indicated a rainfall decline. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures are on the rise, while projections indicate a decrease in rainfall and increase in temperature both in the near and far future. The implication of these changes on society and the economy are discussed herein. Cost of inaction is expected to become huge, given factors like, the growing rate of the population and the slow expanding economy experienced in Uganda. Varied forms of adaptation to the impacts of climate change are being implemented, especially in the agricultural sector and at house hold level, though not systematically. Originality/value This review of scientific research findings aims to create a better understanding of the recent climate change and variability in Uganda and provides a baseline of summarized information for use in future research and actions.
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Ongaya, Kizito, Emily Bagarukayo, Benedict Oyo, and David Okello-Owiny. "Research Data Management in Institutions of Higher Education in Uganda: A Neglected Business." Uganda Higher Education Review 11, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.58653/nche.v11i1.06.
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This research examines research data management (RDM) in six Ugandan universities, its awareness, existence, and management, as well as ownership questions among senior staff members. The paper hypothesises that research data management is a new concept in Uganda universities and explores views on potential locations suitable for setting up the system within university structures. The stratified purposive sampling and snowballing methods were used over Google Forms. The key findings are that at least 74.8% of the staff believe it is a new concept and that their universities do not have initiatives to establish it; while 52.6% of the staff believe the ownership of research data should rest with the authors. There are varying views on the roles of various departments and potential host locations for research data management. The research limitation was that much as practices are not properly established in departments within university structures in Uganda, more research could be done to find out how research data is managed by individuals, projects or departments. The practical implication is the need for the establishment of a model research data management centre from which universities, government parastatals as well as organisations can learn. The paper makes a strong case for Ugandan higher education institutions to establish a department for research data management.
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Madinah (PhD), Nabukeera. "Recentralisation and Urban Service Delivery in Kampala Capital City Authority—Uganda." Urban Studies and Public Administration 3, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): p116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v3n3p116.
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Recentralisation in of Kampala City took effect in 2010 under the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) Act with responsibility to manage the city on behalf of government of Uganda with the view to improve service delivery. The dynamics provided for both decentralization and Recentralisation policies during its implementation which led to shift of powers back to the centre. The study focused on quantitative data analysis and finding reviled 60.8 percent of female under school going age are not attending school, there is 98.9 percent have access to clean piped water, 62 percent of solid waste is from residential areas, 8.2 percent use commercial toilets and 72.6 percent are 5 kilometers away from the health facility hence a significant improvement in service delivery.
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Baluku, Joseph Baruch, Sylvia Nassozi, Brian Gyagenda, Margret Namanda, Irene Andia-Biraro, William Worodria, and Pauline Byakika-Kibwika. "Prevalence of Malaria and TB Coinfection at a National Tuberculosis Treatment Centre in Uganda." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019 (July 25, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3741294.
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The prevalence of malaria and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection is not well established in countries that are highly burdened for both diseases. Malaria could impair TB containment and increase mortality of TB patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria/TB coinfection among bacteriologically confirmed adult TB patients at a national TB treatment centre in Uganda. Using a cross-sectional study design we enrolled 363 bacteriologically confirmed adult TB patients, and data on demographics and medical history was collected. Blood samples were tested for malaria blood smear, rapid malaria diagnostic test (RDT), complete blood count, haematological film analysis, HIV serology, and CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts. Malaria was defined as either a positive blood smear or RDT. The study participants were mostly male (61.4%), with a median age of 31 (interquartile range, IQR: 25-39) years, and 35.8% were HIV positive. The prevalence of malaria was 2.2% (8/363) on the overall and 5% (3/58) among participants with rifampicin resistance. A triple infection of HIV, malaria, and rifampicin resistant TB was observed in 3 participants. The prevalence of malaria among TB patients is low, and further evaluation of the epidemiological, clinical, and immunological interaction of the two diseases is warranted.
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Mugizi, Wilson, Richard Otaka, and Joseph Rwothumio. "Performance Management and Teacher Effectiveness in Primary Schools in Bulaago Coordinating Centre, Bulambuli District, Uganda." Interdisciplinary Journal of Education 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 122–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53449/ije.v6i2.282.
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Abstract This study examined the relationship between performance management and teacher effectiveness in primary schools in Bulaago Coordinating Centre, Bulambuli District, Uganda. Informed by the Goal Setting Theory, performance management measured in terms of goal setting, performance appraisal and career development was related to teacher effectiveness Teachers’ effectiveness was also considered as a multi-dimensional concept covering content knowledge, personal conduct, pedagogical effectiveness, professional effectiveness and classroom management. This study employed the correlational research design on a sample of 102 teachers. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using quantitative methods. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results revealed that while goal setting and career development had positive and significant relationship with teacher effectiveness, performance management appraisal had positive but insignificant relationship with teacher effectiveness. Therefore, it was concluded that goal setting is important for teacher effectiveness, the way of implementing performance appraisal does not enhance teacher effectiveness and career development is necessary for teacher effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended that administrators should emphasize goal setting in the management of schools and improve the way of implementing appraisal. The Ministry of Education and Sports and school administrators should support teacher career development to enhance their effectiveness.
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Ecel, Aaron, Mariah Nankya Nakintu, Racheal Nakigudde, Jimmy Moses Otim, and Monica Gimbo. "Assessment of Uganda and Tanzania's Competitiveness in Prepared Foodstuffs within the EAC Market: A Comparative Analysis." Tanzanian Economic Review 14, no. 1 (July 26, 2024): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ter.v14i1.187.
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This study examines the competitiveness of Uganda and Tanzania in the East African Community's (EAC) prepared foodstuffs trade, a market valued at $2.5 billion in 2022. We analyze trade data from the International Trade Centre and UN COMTRADE (2013-2022) using CMSA, RCA, and TII indices for ‘Prepared foodstuffs’ (as defined by the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System). Our findings reveal contrasting contexts. Uganda's export growth stemmed from the composition of its exports, with products highly sought-after in the EAC. However, distribution inefficiencies and declining competitiveness in certain categories hampered further growth. Conversely, Tanzania's competitive edge initially boosted exports, but they were limited by neglecting high-growth EAC markets(distribution inefficiencies). By identifying product categories within prepared foodstuffs that require targeted interventions, this study highlights lucrative opportunities within the EAC marketplace. This analysis goes beyond basic export values, exploring the underlying reasons for trade performance and providing valuable insights for policymakers and exporters in the region.
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Nguna, Joyce, Denis Okethwangu, Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Dativa Maria Aliddeki, Susan Kizito Kironde, Doreen Birungi, Daniel Eurien, et al. "Factors associated with poor treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement, Uganda, 2016–2017." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): e0000152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000152.
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Communicable diseases, alone or in combination with malnutrition, account for most deaths in complex emergencies including refugee settings. Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are increasingly becoming an important cause of morbidity and mortality in refugee settings. We described the treatment outcomes of TB patients and explored factors associated with treatment outcomes among TB patients attending two facilities in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement in Kikuube District, 2016–2017. We abstracted data on laboratory-confirmed patient data from TB registers from 2016 to 2017, in Kikuube Health Centre IV and Rwenyawawa Health Centre II, both located in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement. We abstracted data on socio-demographic variables including age and sex. Other variables were height, weight, final treatment outcomes, demographics, HIV status, TB treatment category, and history of TB. Treatment outcomes were categorized into favorable (including patients who were cured or those who completed treatment) and unfavorable (those in whom treatment failed, those who died, those lost to follow-up, or those not evaluated). We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. We identified a total of 254 TB patients with a median age of 36 (IQR 26–48) years; 69% (175) were male and 54% (137) were refugees. The median weight was 50.4 kg (range 4–198). Overall, 139 (55%) had favorable outcomes while 115 (45%) had unfavorable outcomes. Refugees formed 53% (71) of those with favorable outcomes and 47% (63) of those with unfavorable outcomes 63(47%). We found that increasing age was statistically associated with unfavorable outcomes, while diagnosis with MDR-TB was associated with decreased odds for unfavorable treatment outcomes. The treatment success rate was lower compared to 85% recommended by WHO. However, the rates are similar to that reported by other studies in Uganda. Innovative approaches to improve treatment success rates with particular focus on persons aged 41–80 years should be devised.
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Nakanjako, Damalie, Flavia Zalwango, Pamela Wairagala, Fiona Luboga, Irene Andia Biraro, Victoria Diana Bukirwa, Mary Gorrethy Mboowa, Steve Cose, Janet Seeley, and Alison Elliott. "Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University – Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme." AAS Open Research 3 (June 24, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13066.1.
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Background: The Makerere University/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII) is a collaborative programme supporting excellence in Infection and Immunity (I&I) research in Uganda. Set up in 2008, MUII aims to produce internationally competitive Ugandan and East African I&I research leaders, and develop human and infrastructural resources to support research and training excellence. We undertook an internal evaluation of MUII’s achievements, challenges and lessons learned between August 2008 and December 2019, to inform programmes seeking to build Africa’s health research expertise. Methods: Quantitative data were abstracted from programme annual reports. Qualitative data were obtained in March and April 2019: a cross-sectional evaluation was undertaken among a purposefully selected representative sample of 27 trainees and two programme staff. Qualitative data was analysed according to pre-determined themes of achievements, challenges, lessons learned and recommendations for improvement. Results: By December 2019, MUII had supported 68 fellowships at master’s-level and above (50% female: 23 Masters, 27 PhD, 15 post-doctoral, three group-leader fellows) and over 1,000 internships. Fellows reported career advancement, mentorship by experts, and improved research skills and outputs. Fellows have published over 300 papers, secured grants worth over £20m, established over 40 international collaborations, and taken on research and academic leadership positions in the country. Key lessons for success include the following: efficient administration provides an enabling environment; institutions need supportive policies for procurement, including provisions for purchases of specific biological research reagents from international manufacturers; strong international, multi-disciplinary collaboration provides a critical mass of expertise to mentor researchers in development; and mentorship catalyses young scientists to progress from graduate trainees to productive academic researchers, relevant to society’s most pressing health challenges. Conclusions: Sustainable academic productivity can be achieved through efficient operational support, global collaboration and mentorship to provide solutions to Africa’s health challenges.
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McConnell, Stuart. "Historical Research in Eastern Uganda: Local Archives." History in Africa 32 (2005): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0016.
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Conducting historical research in countries with few resources necessary for the maintenance of documents and other sources on which we, as historians, depend is an exercise commonly fraught with difficulty. It need hardly be said that different problems confront us according to the themes and chronology of our studies, and so this paper cannot hope to be a comprehensive guide to any and every researcher working on Uganda. It can, however, illustrate some difficulties and successes of my particular research experience, which has been based overwhelmingly on the perusal of archival data. That experience was gained on two separate trips, one between January and August 2003 and one for the month of September, 2004. My research topic concerns the political history of two colonial districts in eastern province between 1945 and 1962. More particularly, it has set out to explore how political identity related to issues of class and class conflict in what was supposedly the first nationalist era. While I settled on these two districts, I initially began with three, and so conducted research at local archives for what were in the 1950s three districts of eastern province. Those districts were Teso, Busoga, and Bukedi, whose archives are at Soroti, Jinja, and Tororo respectively.Attaining research permission in Uganda is a straightforward affair. Applications are made to the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST), a body based in Uganda House on Kampala Rd., the main artery running through the city center. Their application forms can be downloaded from the internet at www.uncst.co.ug, or they can be telephoned at 00256 41 250499. The Council requires a brief research proposal, which is usually processed within a month of submission. On arrival in Kampala, they also require that one is ‘attached’ to a local institution before research papers are released. One can choose from Makerere University's Makerere Institute for Social Research (MISR) or the Centre for Basic Research (CBR) in Kololo, a research center for social sciences established by Mahmood Mamdani some years ago. Both institutions are in Kampala, are easy to access, and each charge around $US100 for annual membership.
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Nakanjako, Damalie, Flavia Zalwango, Pamela Wairagala, Fiona Luboga, Irene Andia Biraro, Victoria Diana Bukirwa, Mary Gorrethy Mboowa, Steve Cose, Janet Seeley, and Alison Elliott. "Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University – Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme." AAS Open Research 3 (August 17, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13066.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Makerere University/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII) is a collaborative programme supporting excellence in Infection and Immunity (I&I) research in Uganda. Set up in 2008, MUII aims to produce internationally competitive Ugandan and East African I&I research leaders, and develop human and infrastructural resources to support research and training excellence. We undertook an internal evaluation of MUII’s achievements, challenges and lessons learned between 08-2008 and 12-2019, to inform programmes seeking to build Africa’s health research expertise. Methods: Quantitative data were abstracted from programme annual reports. Qualitative data were obtained in 03-04/2019: a cross-sectional evaluation was undertaken among a purposefully selected representative sample of 27 trainees and two programme staff. Qualitative data was analysed according to pre-determined themes of achievements, challenges, lessons learned and recommendations for improvement. Results: By 12-2019, MUII had supported 68 fellowships at master’s-level and above (50% female: 23 Masters, 27 PhD, 15 post-doctoral, three group-leaders) and over 1,000 internships. Fellows reported career advancement, mentorship by experts, and improved research skills and outputs. Fellows have published over 300 papers, secured grants worth over £20m, established over 40 international collaborations, and taken on research and academic leadership positions in the country. Key lessons were: i) Efficient administration provides a conducive environment for high quality research; ii) Institutions need supportive policies for procurement, including provisions for purchases of specific biological research reagents from international manufacturers; iii) Strong international and multi-disciplinary collaboration provides a critical mass of expertise to mentor researchers in development; and iv) Mentorship catalyses young scientists to progress from graduate trainees to productive academic researchers, relevant to society’s most pressing health challenges. Conclusions: Sustainable academic productivity can be achieved through efficient operational support, global collaboration and mentorship to provide solutions to Africa’s health challenges.
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Monje, Fred, Daniel Kadobera, Deo Birungi Ndumu, Lilian Bulage, and Alex Riolexus Ario. "Trends and spatial distribution of animal bites and vaccination status among victims and the animal population, Uganda: A veterinary surveillance system analysis, 2013–2017." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): e0007944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007944.
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Rabies is a vaccine-preventable fatal zoonotic disease. Uganda, through the veterinary surveillance system at National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), captures animal bites (a proxy for rabies) on a monthly basis from districts. We established trends of incidence of animal bites and corresponding post-exposure prophylactic anti-rabies vaccination in humans (PEP), associated mortality rates in humans, spatial distribution of animal bites, and pets vaccinated during 2013–2017. We reviewed rabies surveillance data at NADDEC from 2013–2017. The surveillance system captures persons reporting bites by a suspected rabid dog/cat/wild animal, human deaths due to suspected rabies, humans vaccinated against rabies, and pets vaccinated. Number of total pets was obtained from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. We computed incidence of animal bites and corresponding PEP in humans, and analyzed overall trends, 2013–2017. We also examined human mortality rates and spatial distribution of animal bites/rabies and pets vaccinated against rabies. We identified 8,240 persons reporting animal bites in Uganda during 2013–2017; overall incidence of 25 bites/ 100,000population. The incidence significantly decreased from 9.2/100,000 in 2013 to 1.3/100,000 in 2017 (OR = 0.62, p = 0.0046). Of the 8,240 persons with animal bites, 6,799 (82.5%) received PEP, decreasing from 94% in 2013 to 71% in 2017 (OR = 0.65, p<0.001). Among 1441 victims, who reportedly never received PEP, 156 (11%) died. Western region had a higher incidence of animal bites (37/100,000) compared to other regions. Only 5.6% (124,555/2,240,000) of all pets in Uganda were vaccinated. There was a decline in the reporting rate (percentage of annual district veterinary surveillance reports submitted monthly to Commissioner Animal Health by districts) of animal bites. While reported animal bites by districts decreased in Uganda, so did PEP among humans. Very few pets received anti-rabies vaccine. Evaluation of barriers to complete reporting may facilitate interventions to enhance surveillance quality. We recommended improved vaccination of pets against rabies, and immediate administration of exposed humans with PEP.
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Ekuka, Godfrey, Ismael Kawooya, Edward Kayongo, Ronald Ssenyonga, Frank Mugabe, Peter Awongo Chaiga, Andrew Nsawotebba, Hannock Tweya, and Rhona Mijumbi-Deve. "Pre-diagnostic drop out of presumptive TB patients and its associated factors at Bugembe Health Centre IV in Jinja, Uganda." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.11.
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Background: Drop out of presumptive TB individuals before making a final diagnosis poses a danger to the individual and their community. We aimed to determine the proportion of these presumptive TB drop outs and their associated factors in Bugembe Health Centre, Jinja, Uganda.
Methods: We used data from the DHIS2, presumptive and laboratory registers of Bugembe Health Centre IV for 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the population characteristics. A modified Poisson regression model via the generalized linear model (GLM) with log link and robust standard errors was used for bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: Among the 216 registered presumptive TB patients who were less than 1% of patients visiting the outpatients’ department, 40.7% dropped out before final diagnosis was made. Age and HIV status were significantly associated with pre-diagnostic drop out while gender and distance from the health center were not.
Conclusion: A high risk to individuals and the community is posed by the significant proportion of presumptive TB pa- tients dropping out before final diagnosis. Health systems managers need to consider interventions targeting young persons, male patients, HIV positive persons.
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB); Pre-diagnostic drop out; Presumptive TB; SORT IT.
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Mukose, Aggrey D., Senait Kebede, Christine Muhumuza, Fredrick Makumbi, Henry Komakech, Esther Bayiga, Denis Busobozi, et al. "Costs and Cost Drivers of Providing Option B+ Services to Mother-Baby Pairs for PMTCT of HIV in Health Centre IV Facilities in Jinja District, Uganda." BioMed Research International 2020 (May 20, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2875864.
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Background. In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised the 2012 guidelines on use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The new guidelines recommended lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women irrespective of CD4 count or clinical stage (also referred to as Option B+). Uganda started implementing Option B+ in 2012 basing on the 2012 WHO guidelines. Despite the impressive benefits of the Option B+ strategy, implementation challenges, including cost burden and mother-baby pairs lost to follow-up, threatened its overall effectiveness. The researchers were unable to identify any studies conducted to assess costs and cost drivers associated with provision of Option B+ services to mother-baby pairs in HIV care in Uganda. Therefore, this study determined costs and cost drivers of providing Option B+ services to mother-baby pairs over a two-year period (2014–2015) in selected health facilities in Jinja district, Uganda. Methods. The estimated costs of providing Option B+ to mother-baby pairs derived from the provider perspective were evaluated at four health centres (HC) in Jinja district. A retrospective, ingredient-based costing approach was used to collect data for 2014 as base year using a standardized cost data capture tool. All costs were valued in United States dollars (USD) using the 2014 midyear exchange rate. Costs incurred in the second year (2015) were obtained by inflating the 2014 costs by the ratio of 2015 and 2014 USA Gross Domestic Product (GDP) implicit price deflator. Results. The average total cost of Option B+ services per HC was 66,512.7 (range: 32,168.2–102,831.1) USD over the 2-year period. The average unit cost of Option B+ services per mother-baby pair was USD 441.9 (range: 422.5–502.6). ART for mothers was the biggest driver of total mean costs (percent contribution: 62.6%; range: 56.0%–65.5%) followed by facility personnel (percent contribution: 8.2%; range: 7.7%–11.6%), and facility-level monitoring and quality improvement (percent contribution: 6.0%; range: 3.2%–12.3%). Conclusions and Recommendations. ART for mothers was the major cost driver. Efforts to lower the cost of ART for PMTCT would make delivery of Option B+ affordable and sustainable.
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Simonetti, Antonio, and Keith Bell. "Nd, Pb and Sr isotopic data from the Napak carbonatite-nephelinite centre, eastern Uganda: an example of open-system crystal fractionation." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 115, no. 3 (January 1994): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00310774.
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Gonz, Byaruhanga Aloysious. "Determining the Frequency and Influential Factors Impacting Antenatal Care Service Utilization Among Pregnant Women in Attendance at Mutara Health Centre III, Mitooma District, Uganda." IDOSR JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ALLIED FIELDS 8, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/idosr/jbbaf/23/15.6331.
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Antenatal care (ANC) plays a pivotal role in curbing maternal mortality rates. This investigation sought to gauge the prevalence of and factors influencing antenatal care service utilization among pregnant women visiting Mutara Health Centre III's antenatal care clinic. The study involved 200 pregnant women in a cross-sectional analysis, employing an interview questionnaire to assess ANC service utilization determinants. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was utilized for data analysis. The prevalence was determined by comparing the actual ANC attendance (from mid-July 2022 to mid-August 2022) against the projected monthly ANC attendance (300). The resulting attendance rate of 66.67% was categorized as inadequate, falling below the globally recommended coverage of 80%. Demographic findings revealed that the majority (57.5%) were peasants, while 47.5% of their partners had primary education. Alarmingly, 62.5% lacked knowledge regarding the appropriate timing for seeking ANC. Key conclusions drawn were that the attendance rate for ANC was notably low, coupled with inadequate knowledge among pregnant women about ANC and a prevalence of low socioeconomic status. Recommendations included tailored education programs for expectant mothers on ANC services by healthcare personnel at Mutara Health Centre III, public awareness campaigns by the Mitooma district health officer emphasizing the benefits of ANC attendance, governmental strategies to improve the livelihoods of those served by the health center, and a proposed study to assess maternal mortality prevalence specifically at Mutara Health Centre III. Keywords: Antenatal care, Pregnant women, maternal mortality, Healthcare workers.
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Kiguba, Ronald, Helen Byomire Ndagije, Victoria Nambasa, Cordelia Katureebe, Henry Zakumumpa, Stella Maris Nanyonga, Jacquellyn Nambi Ssanyu, et al. "Implementation of a peer support intervention to promote the detection, reporting and management of adverse drug reactions in people living with HIV in Uganda: a protocol for a quasi-experimental study." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e056039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056039.
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IntroductionPatients have contributed <1% of spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in Uganda’s pharmacovigilance database. Peer support combined with mobile technologies could empower people living with HIV (PLHIV) to report ADRs and improve ADR management through linkage to care. We seek to test the feasibility and effect of a peer support intervention on ADR reporting by PLHIV receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Uganda; identify barriers and facilitators to the intervention; and characterise ADR reporting and management.Methods and analysisThis is a quasi-experimental study to be implemented over 4 months at 12 intervention and 12 comparison cART sites from four geographical regions of Uganda. Per region, two blocks each with a tertiary, secondary and primary care cART site will be selected by simple random sampling. Blocks per region will be randomly assigned to intervention and comparison arms.Study units will include cART sites and PLHIV receiving cART. PLHIV at intervention sites will be assigned to peer supporters to empower them to report ADRs directly to the National Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC). Peer supporters will be expert clients from among PLHIV and/or recognised community health workers.Direct patient reporting of ADRs to NPC will leverage the Med Safety App and toll-free unstructured supplementary service data interface to augment traditional pharmacovigilance methods.The primary outcomes are attrition rate measured by number of study participants who remain in the study until the end of follow-up at 4 months; and number of ADR reports submitted to NPC by PLHIV as measured by questionnaire and data abstraction from the national pharmacovigilance database at baseline and 4 months.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approval from: School of Health Sciences Research and Ethics Committee at Makerere University (MAKSHSREC-2020-64) and Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS1206ES). Results will be shared with PLHIV, policy-makers, the public and academia.Trial registration numberISRCTN75989485.
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Tindimwebwa, Kenneth, Asmerom Kidane, and Silas Joel. "Efficiency Estimates of Public Health Center II Facilities in Southwestern Uganda." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 4(J) (September 14, 2018): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2414.
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The study estimates the efficiency of public health centre II (HCII) facilities in Southwestern Uganda. Specifically, it determines the level of technical efficiency (TE), scale efficiency (SE) and estimates the economic savings required to make inefficient public health facilities efficient. An output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed in the estimation of TE and SE. It was found out that 73 % of the HCIIs were technically inefficient while 27% were technically efficient. Mean TE stood at 72.3% implying that an average HCII could potentially improve its efficiency by increasing its outputs by 27.7%. In addition, 77% of the facilities were SE implying that they obtained the most productive scale size given the input-output combination. 23% of the facilities were scaled inefficient implying that they have more input waste attributable to their size. There is great potential for economic savings shown by different magnitudes of input reductions and output augmentations required to make inefficient facilities efficient. The study has important policy implications. The health sector should embark on rigorous periodic research and development to enhance healthcare delivery efficiently. Since the health units are small, there is a need to augment their scale sizes and improve on their management practices so as to enhance their overall productivity and efficiency. Stakeholders should scale up efforts to attract, align skills with needs and improve retention and motivation of the health workforce. Holistic investment in resource inputs is essential. A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation plan with key verifiable indicators to monitor the overall health sector performance is required.
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Arunga, Geoffrey, Tome Ca, Patricia Odero, Ahmed Bashir, Serge Manituo Somda, Fatuma Adan, Martin Weiss, et al. "Experience in fostering regional collaboration and Coordination to use data for battling infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa." East African Health Research Journal 5, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v5i2.660.
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The emergence of COVID-19 highlights globalisation realties, where diseases may emerge from anywhere and rapidly spread globally. Lessons emphasise the necessity for strengthening regional and global collaboration and coordination to allow rapid risk identification, resource mobilisation and joint actions. We report the experience of the Regional Action through Data (RAD) partnership in fostering regional cooperation and collaboration to use data for battling infectious diseases and the effects of COVID-19. The Partnership comprised;BoadReach company, The West African Health Organization (WAHO) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD); Duke University Global Health Centre and the Jembi Health Systems, South Africa. Main objective: To address the problem of limited used of data to drive performance in healthcare service delivery in sub-Saharan Africa; by changing how and why data is collected, analysed, and then used to achieve results. Specific objectives: 1. Regional level: To equip and empower IGAD and WAHO with evidence-based analytics to drive data use for evidence-based policy and program action in public health (regional level). 2. Patient -provider level: To deploy and implement a digital health solution for child-hood vaccination services focused on mobile cross-border populations along the Uganda-Kenya border. Engagement approaches used included; meetings, workshops, technical working groups, establishing monitoring system and annual implementation revision. Targeted training and capacity building were conducted. All activities were built on existing systems and structures to strengthen ownership and sustainability. Regional level achievements: 1. Regional health data sharing and protection policy, 2. Strengthened regional health information platform. Patient provider level: Deployment of a cloud based digital health solution to enhance childhood access to vaccination services for cross border populations of Kenya and Uganda, 3. Both regions developed resource mobilisation plans for sustainability. RAD established the foundation for building trust and strengthening regional collaboration and coordination in health in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Nankumbi, Joyce, Lorraine Cordeiro, Lindiwe Sibeko, Frederick Grant, Evelyn Mercado, Norman Kwikiriza, and Simon Heck. "Predictors of Vitamin A-rich Food Consumption Among Women From Selected Regions in Uganda." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac051.066.
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Abstract Objectives Vitamin A deficiency has serious public health consequences for populations in low and middle-income countries, especially for children under five years and pregnant women. The objective of this paper was to characterize vitamin A-rich foods consumption and its predictors among women from selected regions in Uganda. Methods A baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted by the International Potato Centre among 617 sweet potato growing households, focusing on women in the reproductive age group from the northern and eastern regions of Uganda. Data included vitamin A-rich food consumption, dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire, and a 24-hour recall. Vitamin A consumption was computed using the Hellen Keller International guide. Results The majority of women in this study were either lactating (79.6%) and/or pregnant (16.8%). More than 70% of the study population had a weighted vitamin A-rich food consumption mean score of < 6 days per week, indicating a high risk of vitamin A deficiency of the population. Knowledge about vitamin A (b(SE) = −0.18 (0.50), p < 0.001) inversely predicted vitamin A-rich food consumption. Variables including individual dietary diversity, household size, educational attainment and age were not associated with vitamin A rich food consumption. Conclusions The study provides evidence on the association between nutrition knowledge and consumption of Vitamin A-rich foods, suggesting that development and delivery of biofortified foods such as orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (an initiative of the International Potato Center), can further improve vitamin A status when combined with nutrition education. Funding Sources International Potato Center/Uganda and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
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Businge, John, Ronald Kityo, and Leonard Ninsheka. "Perception and Adoption of Government Agricultural Technologies among Smallholder Farmers in Western Uganda." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.7.1.1925.
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Agriculture production and productivity remain key to feeding the growing population with agriculture extension being at the centre of the performance of the agricultural sector in Uganda. Research shows that improved technologies promoted through extension service provision could have an even greater impact on food production and on farmers’ livelihoods in developing countries like Uganda. This study was conducted to investigate the perception and adoption of improved agriculture technologies under the government extension system among smallholder farmers in Kagadi District, mid-western Uganda. Data was collected using a questionnaire from 149 randomly selected households in three sub-counties. Results generated using Excel and SPSS revealed a high positive perception index of +0.63 for government extension services. The level of adoption of improved technology based on generalised partial adoption was 54.3% with farm size and training attendance being the significant factors affecting adoption of improved agricultural technologies in the study area. It is clear from the results that notable differences exist in terms of the perceptions of government extension services and the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. The general observation of farmers’ perception is that government extension service is helpful to farmers and is the major source of agricultural information in the area. Efforts should be made to support access to arable land and intensification of agricultural training sessions coupled with appropriate mobilisation of farmers to attend such training. Further studies should be done to understand these aspects on a wider scope in the country since this study was only conducted in one district. There is also needed to study the factors individually as well as the relationships with other factors to determine the adoption processes of technological advancement
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Olebo, David Francis. "Investigating Infection Prevention and Control Practices among Healthcare Workers in Kasese District, Uganda: Factors and Implications for Ebola Preparedness." Public Health Open Access 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phoa-16000261.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) African region often faces numerous public health emergencies, with a significant proportion caused by infectious diseases. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a high-consequence pathogen of particular concern due to its high mortality rate and potential for global transmission. The study aimed to investigate infection prevention and control (IPC) practices with factors associated with the practice among health care workers (HCWs) in Kasese district, Uganda. The study design was cross-sectional, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study population consisted of HCWs working in six selected Health Centre III facilities in sub-counties bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A sample of 106 HCWs was purposively selected and data collection involved structured questionnaires, and then data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The study reveals that a majority of HCWs were female (55.7%), worked in outpatient departments (49.1%), had 6-10 years of service (43.4%), held certificates as their highest education level (48.1%), and were predominantly nurses (53.8%). IPC practices were found to be low, with 72.6% of participants exhibiting inappropriate IPC practices. Individual factors influencing low IPC practices included the duration of IPC training, knowledge, attitude towards IPC, and education level, all statistically significant (P < 0.05). Similarly, health facility factors such as the accessibility of IPC guidelines and personal protective equipment (PPE), availability of sanitizer/soap, and proper and continuous IPC training/continuing medical education (CME) were associated with low IPC practice (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the study highlights a low level of IPC practice among HCWs in Health Centre Threes in Kasese District, with both individual and health facility factors contributing to this issue. Recommendations include training HCWs in IPC and organizing regular cascade training, providing IPC knowledge as part of their daily duties, ensuring confidence in managing Ebola during outbreaks, maintaining IPC strategies implemented during EVD outbreaks, and supplying IPC materials to healthcare facilities. These efforts, coupled with increased staffing, can significantly enhance protection and performance in public healthcare services.
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Robinah, Adong Mercy, and Judith Abal Akello. "The impact of financial benefits on employee productivity: A case study of the joint clinical research centre in Lango Region, Northern Uganda." International Journal of Social Sciences Perspectives 13, no. 1 (November 24, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijssp.v13i1.1270.
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This study investigates the impact of financial advantages on staff productivity within the Joint Clinical Research Centre. It aims to explain the relationship between financial benefits and employee performance, highlighting their significance in enhancing engagement. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative data gathered through a structured questionnaire with qualitative insights derived from interviews. The study utilizes cross-sectional survey methodology, sampling 142 participants, including team leaders and various staff categories affiliated with the Joint Clinical Research program. Data analysis involves descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The study reveals a significant positive correlation between financial benefits and employee productivity, indicating that adequate financial incentives motivate employees to perform better. Regression analysis demonstrates that financial benefits can explain approximately 40.9% of the variability in employee productivity. The t-test results confirm a statistically significant association between financial benefits and employee productivity, rejecting the null hypothesis. Qualitative findings from key informants corroborate the importance of financial incentives in motivating employees and improving productivity. The study underscores the vital role of financial incentives in improving employee engagement and performance. Organizations, particularly in healthcare research, can leverage these insights to design strategies that enhance staff motivation, ultimately leading to increased productivity and better healthcare outcomes.
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Tumusiime, Dan, Emmanuel Isingoma, Optato B. Tashoroora, Deo B. Ndumu, Milton Bahati, Noelina Nantima, Denis Rwabiita Mugizi, Christine Jost, and Bernard Bett. "Mapping the risk of Rift Valley fever in Uganda using national seroprevalence data from cattle, sheep and goats." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 5 (May 26, 2023): e0010482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010482.
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Uganda has had repeated outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) since March 2016 when human and livestock cases were reported in Kabale after a long interval. The disease has a complex and poorly described transmission patterns which involves several mosquito vectors and mammalian hosts (including humans). We conducted a national serosurvey in livestock to determine RVF virus (RVFV) seroprevalence, risk factors, and to develop a risk map that could be used to guide risk-based surveillance and control measures. A total of 3,253 animals from 175 herds were sampled. Serum samples collected were screened at the National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC) using a competition multispecies anti-RVF IgG ELISA kit. Data obtained were analyzed using a Bayesian model that utilizes integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approaches to estimate posterior distributions of model parameters, and account for spatial autocorrelation. Variables considered included animal level factors (age, sex, species) and multiple environmental data including meteorological factors, soil types, and altitude. A risk map was produced by projecting fitted (mean) values, from a final model that had environmental factors onto a spatial grid that covered the entire domain. The overall RVFV seroprevalence was 11.39% (95% confidence interval: 10.35–12.51%). Higher RVFV seroprevalences were observed in older animals compared to the young, and cattle compared to sheep and goats. RVFV seroprevalence was also higher in areas that had (i) lower precipitation seasonality, (ii) haplic planosols, and (iii) lower cattle density. The risk map generated demonstrated that RVF virus was endemic in several regions including those that have not reported clinical outbreaks in the northeastern part of the country. This work has improved our understanding on spatial distribution of RVFV risk in the country as well as RVF burden in livestock.
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Nankumbi, Joyce, Lorraine Cordeiro, Lindiwe Sibeko, Frederick Grant, Evelyn Mercado, Norman Kwikiriza, and Simon Heck. "Comparative Analysis of Food Security Measures by Vitamin A-rich Food Consumption Among Mother-Child Dyads in Uganda." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac051.065.
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Abstract Objectives This study examined mother-child differences in vitamin A-rich food consumption and conduct a comparative analysis of three food security indicators on household vitamin A-rich food consumption for 375 mother-child dyads from selected sweet potato growing households in Uganda. Methods This study examined baseline data collected by the International Potato Centre (IPC) for an initiative on the development and delivery of biofortified crops in Uganda. Dietary intake and livelihoods data was collected from women residing in households that grew sweet potatoes in selected regions in Uganda. Eligibility criteria included women who were pregnant or lactating and/or had children 6–24 months. The analytical dataset had 375 woman-child dyads. An adjusted Hellen Keller International (HKI) guide was used to examine data on vitamin A consumption. Scores were weighted for animal- and plant-based sources of vitamin A. Data were stratified by woman or child to allow for within- and between-person variances in vitamin A-rich food consumption. Dependent sample Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis and a repeated measure analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tested for differences in the vitamin A-rich food consumption mother-child dyads. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean consumption of vitamin A-rich foods for women and children (F (1,370) = 6.51, p = .011). Women had a higher vitamin A consumption (M = 2.08, SD = 2.11) than children in the same household (M = 1.39, SD = 2.17). This was qualified by a significant interaction with the household wealth index (F (1,370) = 4.31, p = .039), however not with household dietary diversity (F (1,370) = 3.16, p = .07), and household food insecurity access (F (1,370) = 0.32, p = .57). HDDS and the wealth index were associated with the mother's consumption of vitamin A-rich food but not with the children's. Conclusions Initiatives that target mother-child dyads should be aware of factors such as intrahousehold food distribution and cultural practices that may differentially impact child consumption of vitamin A-rich and other micronutrient-rich foods. Child-friendly initiatives are recommended to maximize nutritional benefits for children under five years. Funding Sources International Potato Center and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
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Godfrey, Ssesanga. "Undernutrition among HIV-positive Children of age 1-5 Years attending the ART Clinic in Bushenyi Health Centre IV Ishaka-Bushenyi Municipality, Bushenyi District." IAA Journal of Biological Sciences 12, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2024/121.7885.11.
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Worldwide, more than 3.4 million children under the age of 5 are infected with HIV. Both acute and chronic malnutrition are major problems for HIV-positive children living in resource-limited settings. In Uganda, the data from ART clinics revealed that up to 23% of mothers and 50% of children who were on treatment have moderate acute malnutrition. To understand undernutrition in HIV-positive children aged 1–5 years in Bushenyi District, western Uganda, a study was conducted in Bushenyi Health Centre IV to determine the common forms of undernutrition, mother awareness of undernutrition, and the management protocol conferred on HIV-positive children. There were 61 participants, of whom 54% were female and 46% were male; 41% were between the ages of 1-2 years; 31% were 5 years; and 28% were 3–4 years. The study indicated that 82% of the guardians had good knowledge about undernutrition, with 18% having little knowledge of the problem in HIV-positive children. In this study, using the z-score in data analysis, there were 3 children who were less than -2 SD (-2 standard deviation), and the overall prevalence of undernutrition was 5%. The guardians were asked whether they had heard about Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) in the hospital management of undernutrition in HIV-positive children, and 79% of the respondents confirmed that they had heard about it and that they preferred their undernourished children to be managed with that form from the health units. However, 21% preferred managing their children from home without getting to the health unit. The prevalence of undernutrition in HIV-affected children aged 1–5 years is high, and the majority of the children are underweight with moderate acute malnutrition. Some HIV-positive caretakers still have inadequate knowledge about undernutrition in their children. Some people lack knowledge about the management of undernutrition in HIV-positive children. Keywords: HIV, ART, Malnutrition, Undernutrition
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Upadhyaya, H. D., K. N. Reddy, M. Irshad Ahmed, and C. L. L. Gowda. "Identification of gaps in pearl millet germplasm from East and Southern Africa conserved at the ICRISAT genebank." Plant Genetic Resources 10, no. 3 (November 27, 2012): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262112000275.
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The International Crops Research Institute for the semi-Arid Tropics Genebank at Patancheru, India holds the world's largest collection of 22,211 pearl millet germplasm accessions from 50 countries including 4488 landraces from 16 East and Southern African (ESA) countries. Gap analysis using FloraMap software and 3750 georeferenced pearl millet germplasm accessions from ESA countries revealed 34 districts located in 18 provinces of four East African countries and 76 districts located in 34 provinces of seven Southern African countries as geographical gaps. Analysis of characterization data using DIVA-GIS software showed 11 districts of seven provinces in Sudan and Uganda and 58 districts of 20 provinces of seven countries in Southern Africa as gaps in diversity for important morphoagronomic traits. The following districts were identified as gaps common to geographic area and diversity for some or the other traits: Amuria district in Soroti province of Uganda; Mpwapwa in Dodoma province of Tanzania; Mahalapye in Centre province and Kgatleng in Kgatleng province of Botswana; Lalomo in Southern province of Zambia; and Motoko, Mudzi and Wedza in the province of Mashonaland East; Makoni in Manikaland; Gutu and Chivi in Masvingo; Gwanda and Bulalimamangwe in Metabeland south; Hwange and Nkayi in Metabeland north; and Kwe Kwe in Midlands of Zimbabwe. For a successful germplasm collection mission to fill the gaps identified, planning should be made in advance of collaboration and consultation with National Agricultural Systems, local government officials and extension officers. It is suggested to collect the complete passport data including georeference information while collecting the germplasm.