Academic literature on the topic 'Kardon camera'

This paper reports the utilization of computer vision and backlight techniques to determine the surface roughness of a workpiece under a variety of process parameters. A CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) camera was used to capture the image of the edge of the workpiece of the turned components using backlight technology to provide an edge roughness profile. The image was processed using SRVISION software developed in MATLAB to extract the profile of the workpiece and calculated the arithmetic average value of roughness (Ra) and root mean square roughness (Rq). The experiments are carried out with AISI 1045 (medium carbon steel), using various feed rates and cutting speeds, comparison is then made of the surface roughness values achieved through the conventional stylus probe method and the image processing technique. The comparison indicates that the vision method provides precise and consistent results with a correlation up to 0.99 with the traditional stylus method. The mean variations in Ra and Rq between the two methods were just 1.65 and 1.433 percent, respectively. As the vision method is a non-contact procedure, it can be significant potential for application without damaging the machined surfaces in the in-process inspection of the components as well as aids monitoring of the components in a shorter period. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini menggunakan visual komputer dan teknik cahaya belakang bagi memperoleh kekasaran permukaan sesuatu bahan pada pelbagai proses parameter. Kamera jenis CCD (Peranti Terganding-Cas) telah digunakan bagi memperoleh imej tepi bagi komponen yang dipusing menggunakan teknologi cahaya belakang bagi menghasilkan profil imej tepi yang jelas. Imej ini diproses menggunakan perisian SRVISION MATLAB bagi menghasilkan profil bahan dan purata kiraan kekasaran permukaan (Ra) dan punca purata kuasa dua kekasaran permukaan (Rq). Eksperimen dijalankan menggunakan AISI 1045 (besi karbon pertengahan), menggunakan pelbagai kadar suapan dan kelajuan potongan. Perbandingan kemudian dibuat pada nilai kekasaran permukaan yang diperoleh melalui kaedah prob jarum stilus konvensional dan melalui teknik pemprosesan imej. Perbandingan menunjukkan kaedah visual memberikan ketepatan dan dapatan konsisten yang munasabah dengan korelasi sehingga 0.99 dengan kaedah prob jarum stilus tradisi. Purata variasi pada nilai Ra dan Rq antara dua kaedah adalah sebanyak 1.65 dan 1.433 peratus, masing-masing. Adapun kaedah visual adalah prosedur tanpa-sentuh, ianya sesuai dijalankan tanpa merosakkan permukaan mesin dalam proses penilaian komponen, juga membantu mengawasi komponen dalam waktu singkat.

Covid 19 – living the experience As I sit at my desk at home in suburban Brisbane, following the dictates on self-isolation shared with so many around the world, I am forced to contemplate the limits of human prediction. I look out on a world which few could have predicted six months ago. My thoughts at that time were all about 2020 as a metaphor for perfect vision and a plea for it to herald a new period of clarity which would arm us in resolving the whole host of false divisions that surrounded us. False, because so many appear to be generated by the use of polarised labelling strategies which sought to categorise humans by a whole range of identities, while losing the essential humanity and individuality which we all share. This was a troublesome trend and one which seemed reminiscent of the biblical tale concerning the tower of Babel, when a single unified language was what we needed to create harmony in a globalising world. However, yesterday’s concerns have, at least for the moment, been overshadowed by a more urgent and unifying concern with humanity’s health and wellbeing. For now, this concern has created a world which we would not have recognised in 2019. We rely more than ever on our various forms of electronic media to beam instant shots of the streets of London, New York, Berlin, Paris, Hong Kong etc. These centres of our worldly activity normally characterised by hustle and bustle, are now serenely peaceful and ordered. Their magnificent buildings have become foregrounded, assuming a dignity and presence that is more commonly overshadowed by the mad ceaseless scramble of humanity all around them. From there however the cameras can jump to some of the less fortunate areas of the globe. These streets are still teeming with people in close confined areas. There is little hope here of following frequent extended hand washing practices, let alone achieving the social distance prescribed to those of us in the global North. From this desk top perspective, it has been interesting to chart the mood as the crisis has unfolded. It has moved from a slightly distant sense of superiority as the news slowly unfolded about events in remote Wuhan. The explanation that the origins were from a live market, where customs unfamiliar to our hygienic pre-packaged approach to food consumption were practised, added to this sense of separateness and exoticism surrounding the source and initial development of the virus. However, this changed to a growing sense of concern as its growth and transmission slowly began to reveal the vulnerability of all cultures to its spread. At this early stage, countries who took steps to limit travel from infected areas seemed to gain some advantage. Australia, as just one example banned flights from China and required all Chinese students coming to study in Australia to self-isolate for two weeks in a third intermediate port. It was a step that had considerable economic costs associated with it. One that was vociferously resisted at the time by the university sector increasingly dependent on the revenue generated by servicing Chinese students. But it was when the epicentre moved to northern Italy, that the entire messaging around the event began to change internationally. At this time the tone became increasingly fearful, anxious and urgent as reports of overwhelmed hospitals and mass burials began to dominate the news. Consequently, governments attracted little criticism but were rather widely supported in the action of radically closing down their countries in order to limit human interaction. The debate had become one around the choice between health and economic wellbeing. The fact that the decision has been overwhelmingly for health, has been encouraging. It has not however stopped the pressure from those who believe that economic well-being is a determinant of human well-being, questioning the decisions of politicians and the advice of public health scientists that have dominated the responses to date. At this stage, the lives versus livelihoods debate has a long way still to run. Of some particular interest has been the musings of the opinion writers who have predicted that the events of these last months will change our world forever. Some of these predictions have included the idea that rather than piling into common office spaces working remotely from home and other advantageous locations will be here to stay. Schools and universities will become centres of learning more conveniently accessed on-line rather than face to face. Many shopping centres will become redundant and goods will increasingly be delivered via collection centres or couriers direct to the home. Social distancing will impact our consumption of entertainment at common venues and lifestyle events such as dining out. At the macro level, it has been predicted that globalisation in its present form will be reversed. The pandemic has led to actions being taken at national levels and movement being controlled by the strengthening and increased control of physical borders. Tourism has ground to a halt and may not resume on its current scale or in its present form as unnecessary travel, at least across borders, will become permanently reduced. Advocates of change have pointed to some of the unpredicted benefits that have been occurring. These include a drop in air pollution: increased interaction within families; more reading undertaken by younger adults; more systematic incorporation of exercise into daily life, and; a rediscovered sense of community with many initiatives paying tribute to the health and essential services workers who have been placed at the forefront of this latest struggle with nature. Of course, for all those who point to benefits in the forced lifestyle changes we have been experiencing, there are those who would tell a contrary tale. Demonstrations in the US have led the push by those who just want things to get back to normal as quickly as possible. For this group, confinement at home creates more problems. These may be a function of the proximity of modern cramped living quarters, today’s crowded city life, dysfunctional relationships, the boredom of self-entertainment or simply the anxiety that comes with an insecure livelihood and an unclear future. Personally however, I am left with two significant questions about our future stimulated by the events that have been ushered in by 2020. The first is how is it that the world has been caught so unprepared by this pandemic? The second is to what extent do we have the ability to recalibrate our current practices and view an alternative future? In considering the first, it has been enlightening to observe the extent to which politicians have turned to scientific expertise in order to determine their actions. Terms like ‘flattening the curve’, ‘community transmission rates’, have become part of our daily lexicon as the statistical modellers advance their predictions as to how the disease will spread and impact on our health systems. The fact that scientists are presented as the acceptable and credible authority and the basis for our actions reflects a growing dependency on data and modelling that has infused our society generally. This acceptance has been used to strengthen the actions on behalf of the human lives first and foremost position. For those who pursue the livelihoods argument even bigger figures are available to be thrown about. These relate to concepts such as numbers of jobless, increase in national debt, growth in domestic violence, rise in mental illness etc. However, given that they are more clearly estimates and based on less certain assumptions and variables, they do not at this stage seem to carry the impact of the data produced by public health experts. This is not surprising but perhaps not justifiable when we consider the failure of the public health lobby to adequately prepare or forewarn us of the current crisis in the first place. Statistical predictive models are built around historical data, yet their accuracy depends upon the quality of those data. Their robustness for extrapolation to new settings for example will differ as these differ in a multitude of subtle ways from the contexts in which they were initially gathered. Our often uncritical dependence upon ‘scientific’ processes has become worrying, given that as humans, even when guided by such useful tools, we still tend to repeat mistakes or ignore warnings. At such a time it is an opportunity for us to return to the reservoir of human wisdom to be found in places such as our great literature. Works such as The Plague by Albert Camus make fascinating and educative reading for us at this time. As the writer observes Everybody knows that pestilences have a way of recurring in the world, yet somehow, we find it hard to believe in ones that crash down on our heads from a blue sky. There have been as many plagues as wars in history, yet always plagues and wars take people equally by surprise. So it is that we constantly fail to study let alone learn the lessons of history. Yet 2020 mirrors 1919, as at that time the world was reeling with the impact of the Spanish ‘Flu, which infected 500 million people and killed an estimated 50 million. This was more than the 40 million casualties of the four years of the preceding Great War. There have of course been other pestilences since then and much more recently. Is our stubborn failure to learn because we fail to value history and the knowledge of our forebears? Yet we can accept with so little question the accuracy of predictions based on numbers, even with varying and unquestioned levels of validity and reliability. As to the second question, many writers have been observing some beneficial changes in our behaviour and our environment, which have emerged in association with this sudden break in our normal patterns of activity. It has given us the excuse to reevaluate some of our practices and identify some clear benefits that have been occurring. As Australian newspaper columnist Bernard Salt observes in an article titled “the end of narcissism?” I think we’ve been re-evaluating the entire contribution/reward equation since the summer bushfires and now, with the added experience of the pandemic, we can see the shallowness of the so-called glamour professions – the celebrities, the influencers. We appreciate the selflessness of volunteer firefighters, of healthcare workers and supermarket staff. From the pandemic’s earliest days, glib forays into social media by celebrities seeking attention and yet further adulation have been met with stony disapproval. Perhaps it is best that they stay offline while our real heroes do the heavy lifting. To this sad unquestioning adherence to both scientism and narcissism, we can add and stir the framing of the climate rebellion and a myriad of familiar ‘first world’ problems which have caused dissension and disharmony in our communities. Now with an external threat on which to focus our attention, there has been a short lull in the endless bickering and petty point scoring that has characterised our western liberal democracies in the last decade. As Camus observed: The one way of making people hang together is to give ‘em a spell of the plague. So, the ceaseless din of the topics that have driven us apart has miraculously paused for at least a moment. Does this then provide a unique opportunity for us together to review our habitual postures and adopt a more conciliatory and harmonious communication style, take stock, critically evaluate and retune our approach to life – as individuals, as nations, as a species? It is not too difficult to hypothesise futures driven by the major issues that have driven us apart. Now, in our attempts to resist the virus, we have given ourselves a glimpse of some of the very things the climate change activists have wished to happen. With few planes in the air and the majority of cars off the roads, we have already witnessed clearer and cleaner air. Working at home has freed up the commuter driven traffic and left many people with more time to spend with their family. Freed from the continuing throng of tourists, cities like Venice are regenerating and cleansing themselves. This small preview of what a less travelled world might start to look like surely has some attraction. But of course, it does not come without cost. With the lack of tourism and the need to work at home, jobs and livelihoods have started to change. As with any revolution there are both winners and losers. The lockdown has distinguished starkly between essential and non-essential workers. That represents a useful starting point from which to assess what is truly of value in our way of life and what is peripheral as Salt made clear. This is a question that I would encourage readers to explore and to take forward with them through the resolution of the current situation. However, on the basis that educators are seen as providing essential services, now is the time to turn to the content of our current volume. Once again, I direct you to the truly international range of our contributors. They come from five different continents yet share a common focus on one of the most popular of shared cultural experiences – sport. Unsurprisingly three of our reviewed papers bring different insights to the world’s most widely shared sport of all – football, or as it would be more easily recognised in some parts of the globe - soccer. Leading these offerings is a comparison of fandom in Australia and China. The story presented by Knijnk highlights the rise of the fanatical supporters known as the ultras. The origin of the movement is traced to Italy, but it is one that claims allegiances now around the world. Kniijnk identifies the movement’s progression into Australia and China and, in pointing to its stance against the commercialisation of their sport by the scions of big business, argues for its deeper political significance and its commitment to the democratic ownership of sport. Reflecting the increasing availability and use of data in our modern societies, Karadog, Parim and Cene apply some of the immense data collected on and around the FIFA World Cup to the task of selecting the best team from the 2018 tournament held in Russia, a task more usually undertaken by panels of experts. Mindful of the value of using data in ways that can assist future decision making, rather than just in terms of summarising past events, they also use the statistics available to undertake a second task. The second task was the selection of the team with the greatest future potential by limiting eligibility to those at an early stage in their careers, namely younger than 28 and who arguably had still to attain their prime as well as having a longer career still ahead of them. The results for both selections confirm how membership of the wealthy European based teams holds the path to success and recognition at the global level no matter what the national origins of players might be. Thirdly, taking links between the sport and the world of finance a step further, Gomez-Martinez, Marques-Bogliani and Paule-Vianez report on an interesting study designed to test the hypothesis that sporting success within a community is reflected in positive economic outcomes for members of that community. They make a bold attempt to test their hypothesis by examining the relationship of the performance of three world leading clubs in Europe - Bayern Munich, Juventus and Paris Saint Germain and the performance of their local stock markets. Their findings make for some interesting thoughts about the significance of sport in the global economy and beyond into the political landscape of our interconnected world. Our final paper comes from Africa but for its subject matter looks to a different sport, one that rules the subcontinent of India - cricket. Norrbhai questions the traditional coaching of batting in cricket by examining the backlift techniques of the top players in the Indian Premier league. His findings suggest that even in this most traditional of sports, technique will develop and change in response to the changing context provided by the game itself. In this case the context is the short form of the game, introduced to provide faster paced entertainment in an easily consumable time span. It provides a useful reminder how in sport, techniques will not be static but will continue to evolve as the game that provides the context for the skilled performance also evolves. To conclude our pages, I must apologise that our usual book review has fallen prey to the current world disruption. In its place I would like to draw your attention to the announcement of a new publication which would make a worthy addition to the bookshelf of any international sports scholar. “Softpower, Soccer, Supremacy – The Chinese Dream” represents a unique and timely analysis of the movement of the most popular and influential game in the world – Association Football, commonly abbreviated to soccer - into the mainstream of Chinese national policy. The editorial team led by one of sports histories most recognised scholars, Professor J A Mangan, has assembled a who’s who of current scholars in sport in Asia. Together they provide a perspective that takes in, not just the Chinese view of these important current developments but also, the view of others in the geographical region. From Japan, Korea and Australia, they bring with them significant experience to not just the beautiful game, but sport in general in that dynamic and fast-growing part of the world. Particularly in the light of the European dominance identified in the Karog, Parim and Cene paper this work raises the question as to whether we can expect to see a change in the world order sooner rather than later. It remains for me to make one important acknowledgement. In my last editorial I alerted you to the sorts of decisions we as an editorial and publication team were facing with regard to ensuring the future of the journal. Debates as to how best to proceed while staying true to our vision and goals are still proceeding. However, I am pleased to acknowledge the sponsorship provided by The University of Macao for volume 42 and recognise the invaluable contribution made by ISCPES former president Walter Ho to this process. Sponsorship can provide an important input to the ongoing existence and strength of this journal and we would be interested in talking to other institutions or groups who might also be interested in supporting our work, particularly where their goals align closely with ours. May I therefore commend to you the works of our international scholars and encourage your future involvement in sharing your interest in and expertise with others in the world of comparative and international sport studies, John Saunders, Brisbane, May 2020

ABSTRACTThermograph is recognized as one of the best methods for identifying problems with low, medium and high voltage electrical equipment. Thermograph is used as a qualitative and quantitative tool. Qualitative visual shaped images on Thermograph and quantitative infrared cameras in the form of temperature range. In the inspection Thermograph should open the cover of the motor so the danger that arises in Arc Flash Explosion, the danger of rotating equipment and the danger of flying carbon powder. Arc Flash Explosion events generally occur in high equipment because of defective tools or human error. Arc Flash Explosion will not occur without a trigger, with changes in pressure and temperature can cause a short circuit. Arc Flash Explosion occurs when an undesired electrical current flows through the air due to the accumulation of carbon powder, thus heating the air and causing an explosion. When the inspector is not equipped with a personal protective equipment located near Arc Flash. As a result inspector injury and even death. So it is necessary to develop a device for Thermograph inspection security that can separate two environments with different pressures and temperatures. The danger of rotating equipment and the danger of carbon powder flying. IR Window is a security device for Thermograph inspection. Because with the pair IR Window can provide assurance from the Arc Flash Explosion, the danger of rotating equipment and carbon powder hazards that fly because it does not open the motor cover. Thus, Thermograph inspectors can safely complete inspection without process interruption, faster, reduce the number of workers and more completed inspection so as to reduce the risk of equipment failure through routine monitoring techniques and prediction techniques.Keywords: Thermograph, IR Window (InfraRed Window), Arc Flash ExplosionABSTRAKThermograph sebagai salah satu metode terbaik untuk mengidentifikasi masalah pada peralatan listrik tegangan rendah, menengah dan tinggi. Thermograph digunakan sebagai alat inspeksi kualitatif secara visual berbentuk gambar pada kamera infrared Thermograph dan kuantitatif berbentuk range suhu. Dalam inspeksi Thermograph harus membuka cover motor sehingga bahaya yang ditimbulkan yaitu Arc Flash Explosion, bahaya benda yang berputar dan bahaya serbuk karbon yang berterbangan. Peristiwa Arc Flash Explosion pada umumnya terjadi pada peralatan tegangan tinggi karena alat rusak ataupun kesalahan manusia. Arc Flash Explosion tidak akan terjadi tanpa adanya pemicu, dengan perubahan tekanan dan suhu dapat menyebabkan hubung singkat. Arc Flash Explosion terjadi ketika arus listrik yang tidak diinginkan mengalir melalui udara karena adanya akumulasi serbuk karbon, sehingga memanaskan udara dan menyebabkan ledakan. Ketika inspektor tidak dilengkapi dengan alat pelindung diri berada di dekat Arc Flash. Akibatnya inspektor mengalami cedera bahkan kematian. Sehingga perlu mengembangkan perangkat untuk keamanan inspeksi Thermograph yang dapat memisahkan dua lingkungan dengan tekanan dan suhu yang berbeda. Bahaya benda yang berputar dan bahaya serat karbon yang berterbangan. IR Window adalah perangkat keamanan untuk inspeksi Thermograph. Karena dengan di pasangnya IR Window dapat memberikan jaminan dari Arc Flash Explosion, bahaya benda berputar dan bahaya serbuk karbon yang berterbangan karena tidak membuka cover motor. Dengan demikian, inspektor Thermograph dapat menyelesaikan inspeksi dengan aman tanpa gangguan proses, lebih cepat, mengurangi jumlah pekerja dan lebih banyak inspeksi selesai sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko kegagalan peralatan melalui teknik pemantauan rutin dan teknik prediksi.Kata kunci: Thermograph, IR Window (InfraRed Window), Arc Flash Explosio

Cangkang kelapa sawit adalah salah satu limbah yang dapat diolah menjadi arang aktif. Arang aktif adalah karbon yang telah diaktivasi sehingga karbon memiliki pori-pori dan area permukaan yang besar guna meningkatkan daya serap kotoran pada wajah sebagai pembersih wajah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari alternative aplikasi limbah cangkang kelapa sawit guna memberikan nilai tambah, arang aktif dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai masker pembersih wajah dalam bentuk gel peel off. Untuk membuat masker gel untuk kulit dapat menggunakan Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). PVA digunakan karena dapat membentuk lapisan elastis dan kuat ketika kontakdengankulit dan mudah mongering tanpa perlu adanya bahan aditif. Masker gel peel off arang aktif diuji stabilitas fisiknya. Evaluasi sifat fisik yang dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan organoleptik, pemeriksaan homogenitas, pemeriksaan pH, viskositas dan reologi, uji sebaran, uji waktu kering, uji iritasi, uji kesukaan, dan uji kondisional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula ke-3 memiliki sifat fisik paling ideal dan lebih disukai oleh panelis. Efektivitas masker PVA-arang aktif diamati dengan menggunakan kamera digital yang menunjukkan struktur permukaan kulit lebih halus dan bersih setelah masker diaplikasikan dibandingkan dengan kulit yang tidak menggunakan masker. Palm shell is one of the waste that can be processed into activated charcoal. Activated charcoal is a carbon that has been treated by activation so that the compound has pores and a very large surface area in order to increase the absorber power to the dirt on the face as a facial cleanser. The purpose of this research is to look for alternative utilization of waste into activated charcoal that can provide added value so it can be formed into a face cleansing mask in the form of peel off gel. To create gel masks made of skin containing such as Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). PVA is used because PVA will form an elastic and strong peel off coating to get in contact with the skin well and easily dry out without the help of other materials. Gel mask exfoliated activated charcoal tested its physical stability. Evaluation of physical properties performed is organoleptic examination, homogeneity examination, pH examination, viscosity and rheology, spreading test, dry time test, favorite test irritation test, and test conditional test. The results showed that the 3rd formula has the most ideal physical properties and preffered more by panelists, which then tested the effectiveness in the dirt net. The effectiveness is using a digital camera shows the structure of skin surfaces are smoother and cleaner after the mask was being applied compare to those skin where no mask applied.

This chapter looks at the fall of Manerplaw from the perspective of Naw Sheera. At this time, Karen society was being split apart after decades of peace when Buddhist and Christian Karens came into conflict. The Burmese army used these tensions to their advantage, eventually forcing Naw Sheera to evacuate with her family, except for Saw Ralph, who was at the time at another Karen National Union base. This chapter details Naw Sheera's harrowing experiences in fleeing from the conflict alongside her fellow villages. They later received the support of international bodies such as the United Nations and the International Organization of Migration.

On the morning of Sunday, March 7, 1976, Ralph and Karen Munro were still feeling the effects of the previous night’s Tartan Ball. Over coffee, the couple chatted briefly about a newspaper editorial: apparently Sea World was trying to catch killer whales in Puget Sound. Although Ralph was special aide to Republican governor Dan Evans, the couple gave the matter little thought as they prepared to go sailing that afternoon with Bill and Pennie Oliver. Leaving from Olympia, the friends enjoyed a leisurely cruise to Cooper Point and were returning south through Budd Inlet at 3:00 p.m. when they spotted orcas off their port side. When Oliver tacked the thirty-three-foot vessel eastward for a look, Karen grew nervous. Would killer whales attack the boat? “I didn’t know anything about them at that time,” she later noted, “and the name sounded kind of scary.” Ralph reassured her. He had followed the story of Ted Griffin and Namu a decade earlier, and like many Northwesterners he now viewed the species with fondness. But the pleasure boaters quickly realized the whales weren’t alone. In pursuit were the seiner Pacific Maid and a smaller vessel named Orca. The reaction on the sailboat was visceral. “All of a sudden we realized that they were trying to capture these whales,” Karen recalled. “They were going to take our whales away.” Oliver radioed the Coast Guard, but officers responded that they lacked jurisdiction, and when he approached a floating seaplane for help, the pilot said that he was part of the operation. By that time, the animals were cornered in nearby Butler Cove. Determined to intervene, Oliver started his engines and steered into the melee. “Stay away!” yelled the men aboard the Pacific Maid. “We’ve got a permit!” But Oliver ignored them, and at first the intervention seemed to work. The whales made a break to the north, but the boats cut them off, driving the animals to the east side of Budd Inlet just off Gull Harbor. The two capture vessels set their nets, and then came the seal bombs.

This chapter reviews some recent studies on the Jews of Silesia. The history of the Jews in Silesia became an abandoned field for nearly two decades. Isolated, if sometimes very interesting, studies appeared (including works by Stefi Jersch-Wenzel and Karol Jonca), but they did not maintain the continuity of research, and it could certainly not be said that there was any systematic interest in the subject. But with the renaissance of Judaic studies in Germany and Poland in the second half of the 1980s came a revival of interest in Silesian Jewry. Two conferences on the history of the Jewish community in Silesia, organized almost simultaneously, can be regarded as a symbolic double threshold: the first took place at the Institute of History at Wrocław University in June 1988, the second, a year later in Berlin.

Through storytelling, play, and journals, Nagar examines the learning processes that unfolded during the six month long process of making Hansa, Karo Puratan Baat, a play based on a collective reinterpretation of Munshi Premchand's short story, 'Kafan.' The twenty people who came together to create Hansa are migrants from seven states of India who now work in Mumbai as domestic workers or as aspiring or underemployed film actors ("strugglers"). In the process of wrestling with sociopolitical, geographical, and linguistic hierarchies, these actors articulate a situated solidarity with the worldviews of those who are dismissed as rural, Dalit, uneducated, and poor. They reimagine the aesthetics and ethics of artistry through an embodied immersion in the politics of casteism, communalism, patriarchy, uneven development, and poverty in India.

Collapsing behavior of cavitation bubbles is a very short phenomenon. In this study a new ultra-high-speed video camera with the maximum frame speed of 106 fps is used to observe the detailed aspects of three cavitation patterns such as separated vortex cavitation in a convergent-divergent channel, Karman-vortex-like cavitation in the wake flow of a circular cylinder and vibratory cavitation in an ultrasonic vibratory apparatus. For a convergent-divergent channel, the re-entrant motion within the separation zone was observed together with bubble collapse in the divergent part. It was found that minute bubbles collapsed in a chain-reaction manner inside the separated zone with the re-entrant motion after the shedding of cavitation cloud. For the wake flow of a circular cylinder, a collapsing motion of cavitation was observed as an axial-collapse type. The successive bubble collapses after the collapse of main bubble were caused due to pressure wave near the flow field. For cavitation in a vibratory apparatus, cavitation bubbles on the vibratory disk surface were examined in detail, especially from the viewpoint of a non-cavitation ring. The disappearance of bubbles spread radially toward the outer region through the motion of vibratory horn.

An experimental study of the flow past a set of two horizontal cylinders is presented. The cylinders are towed in a uniformly accelerated and decelerated motion in a visualization tank in order to enhance the vortex effects. The main cylinder (D = 0.04 m; L/D = 16) is placed in the flow past a front one (d = 0.002m; L/D = 16). They are towed beneath the free surface and the drag and lift forces are measured. The main cylinder wake pattern is visualized by an embarked CCD camera. The Reynolds number based on the maximum velocity is from 0 to 14000 and the Froude number based on the main cylinder immersion from 0.2 to 1.2 for an acceleration value of 0.15m.s-2. It is shown that the near wake is made of a combination of the main cylinder Von Karman vortices and those of the front cylinder. The interference phenomenon and the free surface effects are studied by varying the depth parameter and the two cylinders arrangements.

In radial compressors or blowers, a low solidity circular cascade diffuser (LSD) is one of the effective devices to improve the pressure recovery at design flow rate while guaranteeing a wide operating range. The improvement is mainly attributed to the so called secondary flow effect, which reduces the flow separation on the LSD blade at small flow rates. However, it is very difficult to find out the effective shape of the blade in order to promote this secondary flow effect. In this paper, a multipoint and multi-objective optimization technique is applied to design the LSD blade of a centrifugal blower. The optimization method has been developed at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI), which makes use of an evolutionary algorithm, a metamodel as a rapid exploration tool, and a high fidelity 3D Navier-Stokes solver. The optimization is aiming at improving the static pressure coefficient at design point and at low flow rate condition while constraining the slope of the lift coefficient curve. Seven detailed design parameters describing the shape and position of the LSD vane were introduced, e.g. the radial spacing between impeller exit and the LSD leading edge, the radial chord length and the mean camber angle distribution of the LSD blade with five control points. Moreover, a small tip clearance of the LSD blade was applied in order to activate and to stabilize the secondary flow effect at small flow rate condition. The optimized LSD blade has an extended operating range of 114 % towards smaller flow rate as compared to the baseline design without deteriorating the diffuser pressure recovery at design point. The diffuser pressure rise and operating flow range of the optimized LSD blade are experimentally verified. It is found that the optimized LSD blade shows good improvement of the blade loading in the whole operating range, while at small flow rate the flow separation on the LSD blade has been successfully suppressed by the secondary flow effect. This is fully corresponding to the CFD predictions and demonstrates the effectiveness of the optimization methodology, by limiting the experimental testing to only two geometries.

The top 200 meters of oceans abound in life forms since photosynthesis is possible in that layer. Competition and predator-prey (swordfish-flying fish, 102–104 to 1 mass ratio) interactions are intense here. Chased by predators, a flying fish (FF) — a pleuston — frantically escapes from the water and becomes airborne. Here we report the visual observations of oceanic surface and body distortions of FF to surmise the mechanisms of propulsion during taxiing and landing. FF leaps, not when it is chased, but when the additional energy required for further increase in speed underwater exceeds that required to leap.1 The higher metabolic cost of transport of regular flapping flight in air than in water is circumvented by gliding. We examine the BBCTV video2 by Richard Attenborough, the noted naturalist. An FF may camber its wings like parafoils and may also twist the outer half of the wings during taxiing and climbing. To produce thrust during taxiing, the FF sculls with the lower lobe of the tail fin to produce a reverse Karman vortex jet; there is rapid flicking of the lower lobe of the tail fin tangentially over the surface. The body acts as a chaotic damped and driven pendulum to produce the high-velocity wide flick. To damp after takeoff, it becomes a single asymmetric pendulum. Unpowered (foil) gliding follows. For descent, the wings are shaped, untwisted parafoils and, just prior to touchdown, travelling waves are superimposed, producing, in contrast to taxiing, an impressively smooth small-angle-of-attack tail touchdown on water without any nose-down. The spiked crowns of Richtmyer-Meshkov interface instability are visible on the ocean surface during leaping but not during landing. Trailing hydraulic jumps are observable during landing but not during leaping. The leap is a high-acceleration and Weber number dominated (inertia/capillary forces) phenomenon, but the landing involves little impact force and is dominated by Froude number forces (inertia/gravity forces). The evidence suggests that, prior to leaping and while still underwater, the FF reads the surface wind direction to align the flight path.