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1
Rautio, Kalle. "Havaintoja karjalaisten joikujen musiikillisesta rakenteesta." Etnomusikologian vuosikirja 5 (December 1, 1993): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.23985/evk.101033.
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Csepregi, Márta. "K. F. Karjalainen hanti adatközlői." Folia Uralica Debreceniensia 28 (December 15, 2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52401/fud/2021/06.
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Hagelstam, Sonja. "Den förlorade hembygden." Budkavlen 84 (June 13, 2023): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37447/bk.130527.
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Tornberg, Aki. "Ovatko sosialisaatio ja kasvatus samoja käsitteitä?" Aikuiskasvatus 18, no. 3 (September 15, 1998): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.92517.
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Kasvatus ja sosialisaatio / Pauli Siljander (toim.) & Jouni Peltonen & Ari Kivelä & Ari Sutinen & Henry Viheriävaara & Esa Pikkarainen & Timo Latomaa & Toivo Salonen & Asko Karjalainen. Helsinki : Gaudeamus, 1997.
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Csepregi, Márta. "150 éve született Kustaa Fredrik Karjalainen (1871–1919)." Folia Uralica Debreceniensia 28 (December 15, 2021): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52401/fud/2021/48.
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Kuusisto, Alina Maija, and Mikko Kohvakka. "Alueellista ulkopolitiikkaa avautuvassa Euroopassa." Lähihistoria 2, no. 2 (December 13, 2023): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.61559/lh.127794.
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Artikkeli käsittelee Suomen ja Venäjän 1990-luvulla toteuttamaa alueellista yhteistyötä, joka on saanut vähän huomiota maamme lähihistorian tutkimuksessa. Aikakauden geopoliittinen ja taloudellinen murros luo mielenkiintoisen kontekstin alueelliselle yhteistyölle. Suomi rakensi suhteitaan uuteen Venäjään, talouden luonne globalisoitui ja alueiden merkitys suhteessa kansallisvaltioihin kasvoi. Syntyi jännitteitä ylikansallisten, kansallisten ja alueellisten toimijoiden välillä. Näitä jännitteitä on artikkelissa tarkasteltu niin kutsuttujen yhteiskunnallisten logiikoiden kautta, joista merkittävimpiä ovat perinteinen valtion logiikka, paikallisyhteisön logiikka ja markkinoiden logiikka. Artikkeli arvioi lähialueyhteistyön tavoitteita ja siitä käytyä julkista keskustelua näiden logiikoiden, Suomen 1990-luvun Eurooppa-politiikan ja Pohjoisen ulottuvuuden politiikan näkökulmista. Se myös tarkastelee lähialueyhteistyötä alueen (Pohjois-Karjala) ja valtion suhteen näkökulmasta. Lähteinä on käytetty eduskunnan pöytäkirjoja ja muuta materiaalia, sanomalehti Karjalaisen kirjoittelua sekä alueellisten organisaatioiden tuottamaa materiaalia
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Howard, Penny. "In the shadow of freedom: life on board the oil tanker - By Mira Karjalainen." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 14, no. 4 (December 2008): 930–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2008.00537_39.x.
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Théodore, Simon. "Toni-Matti Karjalainen & Kimi Kärki (eds.), Modern Heavy Metal : Markets, Practices and Cultures." Volume !, no. 15 : 2 (June 17, 2019): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/volume.6695.
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Atmojo, Muhammad Eko, Nita Aribah Hanif, Muhammad Kamil, and Saddam Rassanjani. "Compairing Semarang and Yogyakarta City Toward Urban Sustainable Mobility Agenda." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 7 (June 10, 2024): e07501. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-103.
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Objective: The transportation sector is one of the supporting factors in creating emissions, moreover, population growth stimulates high mobility requirements. The purpose of this study is to compare the Semarang City and Yogyakarta governments to realize sustainable mobility in their cities. Theoretical Framework: This research uses two theoretical perspectives from Jeon (2013) and Karjalainen & Juhola (2019). Where Jeon's theory is more focused on environmental sustainability and cultural preservation, while Karjalainen & Juhola's theory is focused on economic effectiveness. These two theories are used because they complement each other, especially to analyze the government's strategy in realizing green transportation and developing sustainable transportation mobility for society. Method: The methodology adopted for this research is a qualitative method with a case study approach, where the data collection techniques used include in-depth interviews and documentation. Interviews were conducted with Bappeda and related agencies, while documentation was taken from organizational performance reports and mass media. In addition, in processing and presenting research data using Nvivo tools. Results and Discussion: This study found that the public transport in Semarang City is more prepared to realize sustainable transportation compared with Yogyakarta. The Semarang City Government constructed a public transport system that is integrated, effective, accessible, and inclusive which is the reason for the community to move to public transport rather than private vehicles. Meanwhile, the public transport in Yogyakarta lacks facilities that are inclusive, accessibility, and proper infrastructure, forcing the community to find other options for their mobility mode such as private vehicles and online transport services. Originality/Value: This study is analyzing the sustainable mobility concept from government approach with collaborating the socio-environment perspective and economic consideration, which those are present the government context to plans, budgeting and implement it. The theory collaboration of this study will be a novelty, that can contribute to creating a new perspective on sustainability context of government study approach.
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Vilkuna, Maria. "Helena Sulkala and Merja Karjalainen: Finnish. London and New York: Routledge. 1992. xv + 426 pp." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 17, no. 1 (June 1994): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500000081.
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KHELIFA, R. "BOOK REVIEW: Karjalainen S. & Hamalainen M. 2013: Demoiselle Damselflies: Winged Jewels of Silvery streams." European Journal of Entomology 110, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2013.094.
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Lubis, Febby Halimah, Ridwan Hanafiah, and Dian Marisha Putri. "SWEARING WORDS ON YOUTUBE COMMENT COLUMN IN CNN POLITICAL NEWS." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v5i1.2770.
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This study aimed to identify the types of swearing words and the reasons of swearing words that are used on YouTube comment column. This study conducted a descriptive qualitative research. The source of the data was taken from comment column of video uploaded by CNN about political news on YouTube. In analyzing the data, the researchers employed the theory proposed by Lakoff (1975) in order to identify the types of swearing word and the theory of Andersson (in Karjalainen, 2002:23) in order to describe the reasons of swearing word. The result of this study revealed that there were two types of swearing word, which were strong and weak swearing word and three reasons of swearing words, which were psychological, social and linguistic motive. The most dominant type was strong swearing word and the most dominant reasons of using swearing word was psychological motive. The word fuck as the powerful taboo word was the most dominant word contained in the expressions of swearing word.
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Paju, Petri. "Benjamin Mitro – kansainvälinen kemisti Tampereelta." Tekniikan Waiheita 41, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33355/tw.129679.
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Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan varhaisen suomalaisen tekniikan tohtorin Benjamin Mitron, vuoteen 1918 Mitrofanoffin, elämänkulkua keskittyen eritoten hänen ylittämiinsä rajoihin ja toimiensa moninaisuuteen. Hänet on aiemmin tunnettu lähinnä Tampereen elintarpeiden tarkastajana sekä Vienan karjalaisten yhdistystoiminnasta. Olen koonnut ja varmistanut tietoja hänestä useista arkistoista ja etsinyt julkaisuja sekä kartoittanut muuta toimintaa Kansalliskirjaston digitoimista aikakaus- ja sanomalehdistä. Mitrofanoff syntyi Laihialla vuonna 1881 vienalaisen isän ja suomalaisen äidin kauppiasperheeseen. Hän opiskeli ensin Suomessa ja sitten Saksassa kemiaa. Karlsruhen teknillisestä korkeakoulusta Mitrofanoff valmistui ensimmäisten suomalaisten joukossa ”tohtori-insinööriksi”. Vuonna 1911 Mitrofanoff valittiin virkaan Tampereelle ja pian hän aloitti vilkkaan kirjoitus-, tutkimus- ja valistustoiminnan, johon hän ammensi vaikutteita niin ulkomailta kuin paikallisista töistään. Mitron työuraan painottunut biografia tarjoaa tietoa eri yhteisöistä ja monesta elämänalueesta, joissa ennakkoluulottomasti menetellyt kemian asiantuntija pystyi soveltamaan tietoa eri maista ja jakamaan sitä edelleen. Kauaskantoisin näistä oli Tampereen kaupungin vesi- ja elintarvikehuolto laajasti ymmärrettynä. Mitro tutki myös varhain sähköakkuja ja käsitteli runsaasti käytännön kemiaa. 1920-luvulla Mitro edisti teollisuusmuseon aikaansaamista Tampereelle ja jatkoi ahkeraa julkaisutoimintaansa, kunnes yllättäen menehtyi sairauteen loppuvuonna 1924.
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Lightner, Amy. "Morbidity related to diverting ileostomy after restorative proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis by Karjalainen et al." Colorectal Disease 21, no. 6 (June 2019): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/codi.14653.
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Azzali, Stefano, and Tatiana Mazza. "The Association between Big4 and Cost of Debt in Private Firms." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 1 (June 2017): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2017-001003.
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This study investigates the association between choice of a Big4 audit firm and Cost of Debt compared with non-Big4 in Italian firms. Based on a sample of Italian companies audited by an audit firm in the period 2007-2012, we perform OLS regressions to test the Big4 association with Cost of Debt. Results confirm our expectation that audit firm size is a significant criterion of audit firm choice and we find that Big4 is associated with lower Cost of Debt than non-Big4 in private firms. The choice of Big4 audit firm reduce the specific agency conflict between banks and owner/management in private firms. We also find that private firms benefit from lower Cost of Debt than public companies. This research makes a contribution to the literature by extending previous results (Gul et al., 2013, Cano Rodriguez and Alegria, 2012, Karjalainen, 2011) to private firms and to the setting of Italy. Results may also be useful for companies choosing auditors in private firms and in the mitigation of agency conflict.
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Ershov, M. F. "SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTACTS OF FOREIGN TRAVELERS IN THE TOBOLSK NORTH IN THE XIX - THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-1-124-130.
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The publication considers the features of socio-cultural contacts, mainly in the north of Western Siberia. The participants of them were foreign travelers and the local Russian and native population. Travelling in traditional culture and in later times was considered a way out of the ordinary. Memoirs created by educated travelers indicate the existence of sustainable cultural stereotypes. Peoples of the outskirts and especially the indigenous population were perceived as a passive object outside of civilization. The negative impact of the “cultural peoples” leads them to the edge of death. The only way to salvation is assimilation and acceptance of European values. Many travelers such as M. Castrén, A. Ahlquist, O. Finsch, S. Sommier, U. Sirelius, K. Karjalainen, S. Patursson agreed with this position. Their memoirs distort not so much the facts as the picture of the life of aboriginal people. Subjective silence and not quite correct estimates indicate that the archaic or its components were preserved not only in the worldview of the aborigines, but also among a number of highly educated individuals.
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Hamada, Y., A. Karjalainen, B. A. Setchell, J. E. Millard, and F. L. Bygrave. "Acute effects of cholestatic and choleretic bile salts on vasopressin- and glucagon-induced hepato-biliary calcium fluxes in the perfused rat liver." Biochemical Journal 283, no. 2 (April 15, 1992): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2830575.
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The effects were investigated of the choleretic bile salt glycoursodeoxycholate (G-UDCA) and of the cholestatic bile salt taurochenodeoxycholate (T-CDCA) on changes in perfusate Ca2+, glucose and oxygen and in bile calcium and bile flow induced by the administration of (a) vasopressin, (b) glucagon and (c) glucagon plus vasopressin together to the perfused rat liver [Hamada, Karjalainen, Setchell, Millard & Bygrave (1992) Biochem. J. 281, 387-392]. G-UDCA itself increased the secretion of calcium in the bile several-fold, but its principal effect was to augment each of the above-mentioned metabolic events except glucose and oxygen output; particularly noteworthy was its ability to augment the ‘transients’ in bile calcium and bile flow seen immediately after the administration of vasopressin with or without glucagon. T-CDCA, by contrast, produced opposite effects and attenuated all of the parameters measured, and in particular the transients in bile calcium and bile flow. The data provide evidence of a strong correlation between calcium fluxes occurring on both the sinusoidal and the bile-canalicular membranes and that all are modifiable by glucagon, Ca(2+)-mobilizing hormones and bile salts.
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Mäkisalo, Jukka, Hannu Kemppanen, and Anna Saikonen. "Karjalan Sanomat -korpus." Mikael: Kääntämisen ja tulkkauksen tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 9 (April 1, 2016): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.61200/mikael.129453.
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The present article introduces a minority language corpus, the Newspaper Corpus of Karelian Finnish, and the tentative results of lexical and grammatical analysis based on it. The corpus was compiled from the newspaper Karjalan Sanomat and consists of two sub-corpora: texts originally written in Finnish and texts translated into Finnish from Russian. This is the first attempt to analyse a minority language variant of Finnish spoken outside Finland by comparing it to Standard Written Finnish (SWF) and using corpus linguistic methods. The two sub-corpora of Karjalan Sanomat are compared to the newspaper Karjalainen published in Eastern Finland, and the objective is to gain a lexical and grammatical cross-section based on corpus linguistic methods. The analysed features include some quantitative lexical indicators (word length, sTTR), distribution of syntactic categories, and key words (lexical contents and morphosyntactic categories). The comparison shows that the two variants of Karelian Finnish resemble each other more than SWF. Furthermore, it is theoretically interesting that a translated minority language variety is lexically richer (less repetitive) than originally written minority language variety, a result opposite to earlier comparisons between translated and non-translated language variants within majority languages.
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Lukina, Nadeshda V. "LOCAL SPIRITS OF THE MANSI PEOPLE: LOCI, SPACE, TIES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 42 (2021): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/42/25.
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The article is prepared on the base of works by K.F. Karjalainen, A. Kannisto, V.N. Chernetsov, E.I. Rombandeeva, R.K. Bardina, I.N. Gemuev, A.I. Sagalaev, A.V. Baulo. Based on the classification of Karjalainen, the author refers the ancestral (family), village and territorial spirits to the local spirits. By their origin, they are famous ancestors, founders of villages, former personal spirits, and sons of the supreme god Numi-Tōrum. The list of local spirits fixed on the rivers Severnaya Sosva with Ob region, Lyapin / Sygva, Lozva, Pelym, Tavda, Vagilsk, and Konda is given. They are linked to specific loci: villages, forest areas, or water basins. This localization is of two kinds: both the location of the spirit itself and the territory of its worship. These signs do not always coincide. Different variants of the spatial boundaries of worship of a concrete spirit are revealed among the Mansi people. In some cases, only one spirit is worshipped in a village, in other words, it has here "sole" space. In other cases, when different local spirits are worshipped in the same village, their space is common. An even wider area “belongs” to the spirits worshipped in several villages (loci). The most extensive areas of worship were formed by the territorial ancestor spirits. Most of the local spirits were related to each other. This is most clearly demonstrated by the significant territorial spirits whish are considered the children of Numi-Tōrum – Polum-Tōrum, Nyaras-Nāy-Ekva, Tāgt-Kotil-Ōjka, Āj-Ās-Ōjka, and Nyor-Ōjka. In turn, the children of these original patron spirits dispersed to different parts of the Mansi land, becoming the guardians of both the area and the people living in it. These are the nāj-otyrs that helped people to settle where they now live. They are the masters of loci (villages, towns) and are subordinate to one of the most senior original patron spirits. Thus, the sons of Tāgt-Kotil-Ōjka are the patron spirits in several villages on the Severnaya Sosva River, as well as on the Manya River. Seven bogatyr brothers from the Lozva River made military campaigns over the Sosva River. The ties between the nāj-otyrs were often of a warlike nature. They conquered other people's territories and became patron spirits there. The materials presented in the article draw a general picture of the representations about local spirits (ancestral spirits) among different groups of the Mansi people. The basis of these representations is the general Mansi worldview concept about the origin of these characters, about their structure and relationships. The extensive list of ancestral spirits demonstrates, on the one hand, their localization and, on the other hand, the wide spatial area of worship of the most significant of them.
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Ariste†, P. "Pertti Virtaranta, Suru virret suuhun tuopi. Tverin karjalainen itkuvirsi, jonka Anna Andrejevna Šutjajeva lauloi äitinsä haudalla, Helsinki 1989. 107 S." Linguistica Uralica 26, no. 2 (1990): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.1990.2.10.
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Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho, and José Maria Pacheco de Souza. "Amamentação ao seio, amamentação com leite de vaca e o diabetes mellitus tipo 1: examinando as evidências." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 1, no. 1 (April 1998): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x1998000100002.
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A etiologia do diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) envolve tanto herança genética como a exposição a fatores ambientais. Evidências de estudos epidemiológicos e experimentais sugerem que a dieta pode ser importante na etiopatogenia dessa doença. Em 1984, Borch-Johnsen e col. sugeriram, com base nos resultados de um estudo caso-controle, que o leite materno seria um fator de proteção para o DM1; esse efeito se daria devido às propriedades anti-infecciosas desse tipo de leite, ou pelo fato de que a amamentação ao seio evitaria que as crianças pudessem ser precocemente expostas a outros agentes etiológicos contidos nos substitutos do leite materno. Esses mesmos achados foram poste-riormente encontrados em diversos estudos, mas o papel do leite materno no aparecimento do DM1 ainda permanece controverso. Em 1992, Karjalainen e col., ao compararem os soros de indivíduos com e sem DM1, observaram, entre os diabéticos, altas concentrações de anticorpos anti-albumina bovina. Os autores postularam a hipótese de que a albumina bovina poderia atuar como desencadeadora do processo destrutivo das células ß do pâncreas e, conseqüentemente, do diabetes. Resultados conflitantes foram observados nas publicações que se sucederam a essa. Neste artigo, resumem-se e discutem-se os achados de diferentes pesquisadores que investigaram a importância desses fatores dietéticos para o aparecimento do DM1.
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Peltonen, Heikki, Miska Luoto, Jari-Pekka Pääkkönen, Miina Karjalainen, Antti Tuomaala, Jukka Pönni, and Markku Viitasalo. "Pelagic fish abundance in relation to regional environmental variation in the Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 3 (January 23, 2007): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsl044.
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Abstract Peltonen, H., Luoto, M., Pääkkönen, J.-P., Karjalainen, M., Tuomaala, A., Pönni, J., and Viitasalo, M. 2007. Pelagic fish abundance in relation to regional environmental variation in the Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 487–495. This study applies variation partitioning to analyse spatial patterns in hydroacoustic estimates of fish abundance in relation to regional variation in the hydrography, food resources, and geography of the Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea. Using variation partitioning based on generalized additive models, daily fluctuations in hydroacoustic abundance estimates were first eliminated, and the remaining variation in fish abundance was decomposed into independent and joint effects of hydrography, food resources, and geography. The independent effect of geographic variables (spatial location and water depth) captured the largest fraction of the variation (9.3%) in the fish-abundance patterns, whereas the independent effects of hydrography (5.8%) and food resources (5.6%) captured slightly less. However, a considerable portion of the variation in fish-abundance patterns was accounted for by the joint effects of explanatory variables and may therefore be causally related to two or all three groups of variables. The model applied efficiently eliminated the spatial autocorrelation in the fish abundance between sampling units, especially at distances >2000 m. At smaller scales, the residual autocorrelation may have been due to fish behavioural patterns independent of the explanatory variables in this analysis.
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Karjalainen, Jouko, Matti Mäntysaari, Matti Viitasalo, and Urho Kujala. "Left ventricular mass, geometry, and filling in endurance athletes: association with exercise blood pressure." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.2.531.
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Karjalainen, Jouko, Matti Mäntysaari, Matti Viitasalo, and Urho Kujala. Left ventricular mass, geometry, and filling in endurance athletes: association with exercise blood pressure. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 531–537, 1997.—We studied whether left ventricular (LV) mass and concentricity [relative myocardial volume (RMV)] are associated with exercise blood pressure (BP) in athletes. LV structure and filling were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography and BP in maximal bicycle ergometry and isometric handgrip tests on 32 male endurance athletes and 15 age-matched controls. Indexed LV mass was 145 ± 14 (SD) g/m in athletes and 93 ± 20 g/m in controls. Mass was not associated with BP at rest or in low-grade exercise, but with heavier exercise loads this association strengthened in athletes, being maximal at peak exercise ( r = 0.65 for mass and 0.58 for indexed mass; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that BP at peak exercise accounted for 34% and the amount of training for an additional 11% of the variance in indexed LV mass. RMV was 21% larger in athletes. Only the increase in systolic BP during handgrip explained significantly (19%) the variance in RMV. LV filling velocities were not associated with mass, RMV, or BP. We conclude that in endurance athletes LV mass is associated with BP in heavy dynamic exercise and LV concentricity with BP response in static exercise.
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Hagen, Ross. "Sounds of Origin in Heavy Metal Music. Edited by Toni-Matti Karjalainen. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2018. 198 pp. ISBN: 978-1-5275-1170-5." Popular Music 38, no. 03 (October 2019): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143019000436.
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Palander, Marjatta, and Helka Riionheimo. "Miten Raja-Karjalan murre eroaa suomesta?" Sananjalka 60, no. 60. (December 17, 2018): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30673/sja.69997.
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Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kuuntelutestimenetelmää käyttäen ei-lingvistien havaintoja karjalan kielestä. Kohderyhmänä on 31 rajakarjalaistaustaista pohjoiskarjalaista, jotka edustavat karjalankielisiä siirtokarjalaisia tai heidän jälkeläisiään. He ovat syntyneet v. 1917–1969, ja heidän sukunsa ovat olleet kotoisin Ilomantsin itäkylistä, Suojärveltä, Suistamolta, Impilahdelta tai Salmista. Testissä he kuuntelivat lyhyen eteläkarjalaismurteen näytteen, josta heidän tehtävänään oli arvioida, miltä osin näytteen kieli vastasi heidän lähtöperheidensä karjalan kieltä ja miten se poikkesi Pohjois-Karjalan murteesta eli itäisistä savolaismurteista.
Kuuntelutesti osoittautui monelle osallistujalle vaikeaksi: 31:stä kahdeksan ei eritellyt näytteestä yhtään kielenpiirrettä. Silti ero Pohjois-Karjalan nykymurteeseen yleensä tunnistettiin ja näytettä kuvailtiin yleisluonteisesti. Eniten huomiota kiinnitettiin fonologisiin piirteisiin, kaikkein yleisimmin affrikaattaan (iče ’itse’). Myös jälkitavujen h (järkieh ’heti’), astevaihtelusuhde st : ss (muišša ’muista’) ja ensi tavun aa:n tai ää:n diftongiutuminen (hoaššettih, piässä) kuuluivat piirteisiin, joita jäljiteltiin tai kuvailtiin yleisimmin. Morfologisiin, sanastollisiin ja syntaktisiin piirteisiin huomio kiintyi harvemmin, mutta eräillä oli tarkkoja havaintoja mm. suomesta poikkeavasta sanajärjestyksestä.
Testiin osallistujat hahmottivat kuulemiaan karjalan piirteitä eri tavoin. Näytteessä esiintyviä muotoja saatettiin tuottaa Pohjois-Karjalan murteen mukaisina, hyperdialektaalisina tai yleiskielisinä, mikä kertoo siitä, että karjala ei enää ole äidinkieli tai aktiivisesti käytössä. Runsas puolet osallistujista toisti kuitenkin ainakin osan muodoista sellaisina, kuin karjalainen puhuja ne tuotti. Noin kolmasosa mainitsi muotoja, joita näyte ei sisältänyt.
Nuorimmat, 1950–1960-luvuilla syntyneet, poimivat karjalaispiirteitä eniten, mutta vanhemmille näyte saattoi palauttaa mieleen karjalankielisiä ilmauksia ja fraaseja, ja heidän karjalan kielen taitonsa näytti aktivoituvan rajakarjalaismurteen kuulemisesta. Verrattaessa kuuntelutestin tuloksia saman testiryhmän karjala-imitaatioihin on nähtävissä, että ryhmän vanhimmat jäsenet eivät välttämättä eritelleet näytteen kielenpiirteitä mutta he tuottivat pitkiäkin imitaatioita. Testin perusteella voidaan varovasti olettaa, että karjalan kieli on jokseenkin tuttua vielä siirtolaisten lasten ja lastenlastenkin keskuudessa ja sen taitaminen olisi aktivoitavissa, mikäli tilaisuuksia kuulla ja puhua karjalaa olisi enemmän.
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Bortnikova, Yuliya Aleksandrovna, and Olga Nikolaevna Naumenko. "“Muslim Shaitans” in the history of Finno-Ugric peoples of Ural and Western Siberia of the XVII century." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 12 (December 2021): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.12.34704.
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The subject of this research is the written historical sources that contain the term “Shaitan” and indicate the non-Orthodox nature of its origin in the history and culture of Finno-Ugric population of Ural and Siberia. Methodological framework is comprised of the Frontier Thesis by F. Turner. Historically, the traditional culture of Finno-Ugric peoples of Ural and Siberia was influenced by Muslim and Christian missionaries. Although in the XVII century, retained the influence of the Muslim – descendants of the Kazan and Siberian Khanates, it was also the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church. Such combination substantiated twofold processes in the history of Finno-Ugric peoples. The research employs the comparative-historical method that reveals the degree of Christian and Muslim influence upon the formation of the image of “Shaitan” and its use in the culture of Finno-Ugric peoples. The ehnographic materials collected and published prior to 1917 authored by N. Witsen, G. I. Novitsky, K. F. Karjalainen, and I. N. Smirnov served as the source base for this work. The use of the term “Shaitan” in Finno-Ugric cultures of Ural and Siberia has not been previously associated with the Muslim influence; this approach is implemented for the first time. The authors are also first to publish the field materials, which mention Num-Torum as the “former Muslim god”. The conclusion is made that relatively to the XVII century, there was no single (Christian) method of infiltration of the term “Shaitan” into local cultures, as for a long time, Finno-Ugric peoples of Ural and Western Siberia were under the influence of Muslims. The signs of such influence were replaced by Christianity throughout centuries, and the Islamic norms in the culture of Finno-Ugric peoples gradually faded away.
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Aksela, Maija, and Veli Matti Vesterinen. "From the Editors." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 1, no. 5 (December 30, 2013): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v1i5.1085.
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Welcome to the final issue of the first volume of LUMAT. With two regular issues, three special issues, eleven research articles, two perspective articles and thirty general articles published, the first volume of LUMAT has been a success. With three special issues and two regular issues lined up for the second volume, we hope to continue publishing quality articles on research and practice in math, science and technology education.
The purpose of the journal is to share good practices, and present especially Finnish but also international know-how in the field of math, science and technology education. With this purpose in mind, it has been a pleasure to publish several manuscripts from our colleagues around the globe. Also this final issue of the first volume includes articles from Finnish as well as international educational researchers.
The first article, by Jeronen, Karjalainen, Kuoppala, Sääskilahti and Tirri discusses the new student admission process of subject teacher education. Their topic is especially interesting, as the coming years are about to bring changes to student admission processes of Finnish universities.
The second article is a product of an international collaboration with Finnish and North American researchers. The study by Tolppanen, Rantaniitty, McDermott, Aksela and Hand investigates how Finnish comprehensive school students received a multimodal writing lesson. They conclude that general writing skills benefit students in production of multimodal writing during science lessons.
The last study published in this issue discusses the use of classroom response systems (also known as clickers) in physics teacher education. According to the results of the North American researchers Milner-Bolotin, Fisher and MacDonald clicker-enhanced pedagogy is a promising vehicle for developing pedagogical content knowledge of science teachers. The results of this study are interesting also from a Finnish perspective, as also Finnish teacher educators are searching new ways to implement use of modern educational technology to science and mathematics teacher education.
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Vähäsalo, Paula, Mikael Knip, Jukka Karjalainen, Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf, Raisa Lounamaa, Hans K. Åkerblom, and _. _. "Islet cell-specific autoantibodies in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their siblings at clinical manifestation of the disease." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 6 (December 1996): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350689.
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Vähäsalo P, Knip M, Karjalainen J, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Lounamaa R, Åkerblom HK, and the Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Islet cell-specific autoantibodies in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their siblings at clinical manifestation of the disease. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:689–95. ISSN 0804–4643 The aim of this work was to characterize both newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic subjects and their siblings with positive tests for islet cell-specific autoantibodies (ICSAA) and to evaluate whether there is an association between the ICSAA levels detected in the diabetic children and siblings. We analysed 781 probands younger than 15 years of age for islet cell antibodies (ICA) and 755 for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and 610 of their 3–19-year-old non-diabetic siblings for ICA and IAA upon diagnosis of the proband. Islet cell antibodies were observed in 657 of the probands (84.1%) and IAA in 353 (46.8%). The ICA-positive probands were younger in age and had higher IAA levels than the ICA-negative probands, while the IAA-positive probands were younger and had higher levels of ICA than the IAA-negative probands. Islet cell antibodies were detected in 46 (7.5%) and IAA in 16 (2.6%) siblings, and the ICA-positive siblings had higher IAA levels than the ICA-negative siblings. A falling trend was seen in the frequency of ICA [2A7E] 20 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units in the siblings with decreasing degrees of HLA identity with the index case. Infections during the preceding year, especially respiratory infections, increased the prevalence of both ICA and IAA in the diabetic children at diagnosis and the frequency of IAA in the siblings. There was a significant, although weak, correlation between the IAA levels of the probands and those of their siblings when 594 pairs were tested (rs = 0.15; p < 0.001). No association could be seen between the ICA levels of the probands and those of their siblings, not even when including only HLA-identical proband–sib pairs in the analysis. The lack of any relation between ICA levels in the probands and siblings supports the view that there may be multiple exogenous factors capable of inducing ICA formation or else a common factor but variable responsiveness in the index case and the sibling. Paula Vähäsalo, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
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Hodges, Charles S. "Heterobasidion annosum. Biology, Ecology, Impact and Control. S. Woodward, J. Stenlid, R. Karjalainen and A. Hutterman (eds). 16.5 x 24.5 cm, 589 pp. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 1998. US$140. ISBN 085199 275 7 (hardback)." Plant Pathology 48, no. 4 (August 1999): 564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.0366b.x.
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Langen, K. J., D. Ziegler, F. Weise, R. Piolot, C. Boy, A. Hübinger, F. A. Gries, and H. W. Müller-Gärtner. "Evaluation of QT Interval Length, QT Dispersion and Myocardial m-iodobenzylguanidine Uptake in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients with and Without Autonomic Neuropathy." Clinical Science 93, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0930325.
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1. An association has been reported between QT interval abnormalities and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients. The QT interval abnormalities reflect local inhomogeneities of ventricular recovery time and may be related to an imbalance in cardiac sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic innervation of the heart can be visualized and quantified by single-photon emission-computed tomography with m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine. In this study we evaluated cardiac sympathetic integrity by m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine imaging and the relationship between both QT interval prolongation and QT dispersion from standard 12-lead ECG variables and m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 2. Three patient groups were studied, comprising six healthy control subjects, nine diabetic patients without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN-) and 12 diabetic patients with cardiovascular neuropathy (CAN +). Resting 12-lead ECG was recorded for measurement of maximal QT interval and QT dispersion. The QT interval was heart rate corrected using Bazett's formula (QTc) and the Karjalainen approach (QTK). Quantitative measurement (in counts/min per g) and visual defect pattern of m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake were performed using m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine single-photo emission-computed tomography. 3. Global myocardial m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake was significantly reduced in both diabetic patient groups compared with control subjects. The visual defect score of m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake was significantly higher in CAN + diabetic patients than in control subjects and in CAN — patients. This score was not significantly different between control subjects and CAN— patients. QTc interval and QT dispersion were significantly increased in CAN+ diabetic patients as compared with control subjects (QTc: 432 ± 15 ms versus 404 ± 19 ms, P < 0.05; QT dispersion: 42 ± 10 versus 28 ± 8 ms, P < 0.05). QT dispersion was also significantly longer in CAN- diabetic patients than in control subjects (41 ± 9 ms versus 28 ± 8 ms, P < 0.05). QTc interval was significantly related to global myocardial m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake and defect score in diabetic patients (r = −0.648, P < 0.01, and r = 0.527, P < 0.05, respectively). There was no correlation between QT dispersion and both m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake measures. 4. In conclusion, these findings suggest that m-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine imaging is a valuable tool for the detection of early alterations in myocardial sympathetic innervation in long-term diabetic patients without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Insulin-dependent diabetic patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy have a delayed cardiac repolarization and increased variability of ventricular refractoriness. The cardiac sympathetic nervous system seems to be one of the determinants of QT interval lengthening, but does not appear to be involved in dispersion of ventricular recovery time. It is assumed that QT dispersion is based on more complex electrophysiological mechanisms which remain to be elucidated.
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Malani, Disha, Ashwini Kumar, Bhagwan Yadav, Mika Kontro, Swapnil Potdar, Samuli Eldfors, Jani Saarela, et al. "Identification and Clinical Exploration of Individualized Targeted Therapeutic Approaches in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients By Integrating Drug Response and Deep Molecular Profiles." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (December 7, 2017): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.854.854.
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Abstract Introduction Most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are still missing effective options for targeted treatments. Here, we applied individualized systems medicine (ISM) concept1 by integrating deep molecular profiles (genomics, transcriptomics) and ex vivo drug response profiles with 521 oncology drugs in 154 AML patient samples. The aim was to identify new treatment opportunities for molecular subsets of AML patients. When feasible, ISM guided treatment opportunities were applied clinically for AML patient treatment. Serial samples were available to identify molecular alterations in response to targeted drug treatment and to monitor therapeutic success or failure. We also aimed at testing the impact of bone marrow stromal cell conditioned media on drug response profiles in AML patients2. Methods Samples from bone marrow or blood of 122 AML patients and 17 healthy donors were obtained with written consent and ethical approval (239/13/03/00/2010 and 303/13/03/01/2011) from the Hematology Clinic, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital. The ex vivo drug sensitivity and resistance testing (DSRT) assay was performed with 521 approved oncology drugs and investigational oncology compounds as described earlier1. In this study, freshly isolated mononuclear cells were randomly resuspended either in standard mononuclear cell medium (MCM, PromoCell) or in human bone marrow stroma derived conditioned medium (CM) for drug testing. DNA samples from same mononuclear cells were subjected to whole exome and transcriptome sequencing and data were analyzed as described previsously2. Hierarchical clustering and non-parametric rank correlation were performed with drugs and samples. Wilcoxon sign ranked test was applied between wild type and mutated samples to identify significant mutation-drug associations. Results Hierarchical clustering was largely independent of clinical features such as disease status or risk class. A strong drug sub-cluster with a unique response profile was composed of that of the MDM2 antagonist idasanutlin along with BCL-2 inhibitors navitoclax and venetoclax (Figure). BET inhibitors (JQ1, I-BET151, birabresib) and MEK inhibitors (trametinib, selumetinib) were positively correlated with each other suggesting an association between bromodomain mediated epigenetic deregulation and up-regulation of the MEK pathway in a subset of patients. Comparison between patient samples profiled in CM (n=77) vs MCM medium (n=77) indicated higher efficacy of MDM2 modulator idasanutlin in MCM while BET inhibitors responded more strongly in CM. Other differences observed earlier by Karjalainen et al1 between the two media types were also validated. Furthermore, 16 chemorefractory and one diagnostic stage patients were treated with the targeted drugs suggested by this ISM approach. We observed complete remission or leukemia free state in 35% (6/17) of the AML patients given tailored treatment in an observational study. The targeted drugs used for clinical translation included ruxolitinib (in n=4 patients), temsirolimus (n=5), trametinib (n=4), sunitinib (n=7), dasatinib (n=7), sorafeninb (n=4), omacetaxine (n=3) and dexamethasone (n=5). Summary This study highlights the potential of individualized systems medicine (ISM) approach in the identification of effective treatment opportunities for individual patients with AML. Identifying molecular markers for ex vivo drug responses can help to assign treatments to the patient subgroups most likely to respond in clinical trials. Figure Figure. Disclosures Heckman: Orion Pharma: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; IMI2 project HARMONY: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Porkka: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Sekulic, Sonja. "Scientific computing and automation (Europe) 1990 (Proceedings of the Scientific Computing and Automation (Europe) Conference, 12-15 June 1990, Maastricht, The Netherlands), edited by E. J. Karjalainen for the seriesData Handling in Science and Technology, 6, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1990, 514 pp., ISBN 0-444-88949-3, US$220.00/Dfl. 385.00." Journal of Chemometrics 5, no. 4 (July 1991): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180050409.
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Karjalainen, Riikka, Mihaela Popa, Minxia Liu, Mika Kontro, Mireia Mayoral Safont, Alun Parsons, Kimmo Porkka, et al. "Targeting of JAK/STAT Signaling to Reverse Stroma-Induced Cytoprotection Against BCL2 Antagonist Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.32.32.
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Abstract Several promising new, targeted agents are being developed for the treatment of AML. The BH3 mimetic venetoclax (ABT-199) is a specific inhibitor of BCL2, with results from a phase 2 study showing transient activity of venetoclax in relapsed/refractory AML (Konopleva et al, 2014). The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is known to protect AML cells from drug therapy and we showed earlier that conditioned medium (CM) from BM stromal cells applied to AML patient cells conferred resistance to venetoclax, which could be reversed by the addition of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (Karjalainen et al, 2015). Here, we investigated the mechanisms mediating the BM stromal cell induced resistance to venetoclax and its reversal by ruxolitinib. To identify the soluble factor(s) contributing to stroma-induced protection of BCL2 inhibition, we analyzed the cytokine content of 1) CM from the human BM stromal cell line HS-5, 2) CM from BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from AML patients, 3) supernatants from BM aspirates collected from AML patients, and 4) supernatants from BM aspirates collected from healthy donors. Although expression levels varied, the cytokines detected were similar among the different samples. In HS-5 CM, IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-3α were among the most abundant cytokines. In addition, gene expression analysis showed the receptors for these cytokines were expressed in AML patient samples. IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-3α were added individually to mononuclear cells collected from AML patients, which were then treated with venetoclax. However, none of the cytokines alone could mimic the reduced sensitivity to venetoclax conferred by the HS-5 CM suggesting that stromal cell induced cytoprotection is likely multi-factorial. Next we tested the effect of AML-derived BM MSCs on the ex vivo response of AML patient samples (n=8) to ruxolitinib or venetoclax alone or in combination in a co-culture setting. Apoptosis assays showed negligible effects of ruxolitinib at a concentration of 300 nM, while venetoclax at a dose of 100 nM induced reduction in the percentage of CD34+ AML cells. Co-treatment with venetoclax and ruxolitinib demonstrated synergistic effects in 6 out of 8 samples and significantly reduced the number of CD34+ AML cells. Mechanistic studies showed that ruxolitinib treatment inhibited the BM stromal medium-induced expression of BCL-XL mRNA on AML cells and the drugs in combination down-regulated BCL2, MCL1 and BCL-XL protein expression, which was in correlation with sensitivity to the drugs. To further evaluate the ability of the venetoclax and ruxolitinib combination to eradicate leukemic cells in vivo we used an orthotopic xenograft model of AML. NSG mice were injected with genetically engineered MOLM-13luc cells and after engraftment treated with venetoclax (25 mg/kg, i.p.), ruxolitinib (50 mg/kg BID, p.o) or both and imaged once per week for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period bioluminescent imaging showed significantly reduced leukemia burden in the ruxolitinib and venetoclax co-treated mice compared to controls demonstrating superior anti-tumor efficacy than either agent alone (Figure 1). In summary, our data demonstrate that the combined blockade of JAK/STAT and BCL2 pathways with ruxolitinib and ventoclax is synergistic in ex vivo co-culture models and in vivo in an AML mouse model. The addition of ruxolitinib was able to overcome intrinsic resistance to venetoclax by reducing expression of MCL1, a known escape mechanism of BCL2 inhibition. These results support further clinical investigation of this combination, particularly for relapsed/refractory AML. Disclosures Porkka: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding. Wennerberg:Pfizer: Research Funding. Gjertsen:BerGenBio AS: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Boehringer Ingelheim: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kinn Therapeutics AS: Equity Ownership. Heckman:Celgene: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding.
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Vaha-Koskela, Markus, Muhammad Ammad-ud-din, Kirsi Siivola, Tanja Ruokoranta, Laura Turunen, Kimmo Porkka, Pedro Marques Ramos, Celine Pallaud, Tero Aittokallio, and Krister Wennerberg. "Expanding the Utility of Midostaurin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Predictive Mutational Signatures in Patient Samples without FLT3 mutations and Clinically Applicable Synergistic Drug Combinations." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116391.
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Abstract Background Following the positive outcome of the RATIFY phase 3 clinical trial, the multi-kinase inhibitor midostaurin was approved for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, we and others have observed that single agent midostaurin yields responses also in a substantial portion of patients not carrying FLT3 mutations. The molecular basis and the kinase targets mediating these responses are poorly understood and no biomarkers predictive of response in FLT3 wildtype (wt) AML patients exist. To identify markers distinguishing the FLT3 wt responding subset of patients, we trained machine learning multi-marker models using AML patient baseline transcriptomic and mutational data to predict ex vivo responders vs. non-responders. Further, to better understand the molecular basis of midostaurin responses and to explore the unique signaling networks modulated by midostaurin, we profiled the sensitivities of AML patient samples to midostaurin in comparison to, and in combination with, several clinically relevant oncological targeted agents of diverse mechanistic classes. Results Midostaurin target space is unique and it retains anti-leukemic potency under cytoprotective conditions. We have previously established that single agent midostaurin is effective ex vivo in about 25% of FLT3 wt AML patient samples and retains potency in a cytoprotective medium that masks the effects of more selective FLT3 inhibitors such as quizartinib, crenolanib and sorafenib (Karjalainen et al, Blood 2017). To further investigate the unique pathways that midostaurin, but not other FLT3 inhibitors targets, we correlated the response patterns of 87 AML patient samples in cytoprotective medium to midostaurin and 261 other kinase inhibitors in our oncology compound collection. In unsupervised cluster analysis, midostaurin showed highly similar response patterns to AZD7762, OTS167, milciclib, pacritinib, ENMD-2076 and fostamatinib. Publicly available in vitro kinase profiling (Tang et al, Cell Chem. Biol. 2018) suggested that midostaurin does not inhibit most of the primary targets of these other inhibitors, with only aurora kinases, JAK kinases and SYK appearing to be shared potent targets. Midostaurin anti-leukemic potency is determined by the mutational background. Several multi-marker, supervised machine learning models were compared to extract biomarker signatures from either baseline transcriptomic or mutational data, in the task of predicting ex vivo midostaurin response in samples cultured in cytoprotective medium. In the full cohort (N=81), the presence of FLT3 mutations (both internal tandem repeat and tyrosine kinase domain mutations) was the strongest predictor of response. In the FLT3 wt cases (N=49), our results revealed that other select mutations correlated well with either response or non-response upon Bayesian Linear Regression analysis with cross-validation (Ammad-Ud-Din et al, Bioinformatics, 2017). Mutations in PTPN11, U2AF1, SRSF2, RUNX1, JAK2 and BCOR predicted midostaurin responders, while mutations in GATA2, WT1, NPM1 and IDH2 were enriched in non-responders (Figure 1). Baseline transcriptomic profiles, however, did not provide added value for the predictive power. Midostaurin efficacy can be enhanced by combination with other targeted agents. Combinatorial drug screening of midostaurin in cytoprotective medium revealed several synergizing drug classes, including BCL-2 and MDM2-p53 inhibitors. Further analysis of synergizing agents in broader AML patient sample cohorts is ongoing. Conclusions Our results show that midostaurin may reach its biological effects through inhibition of additional kinases than just FLT3. In both FLT3 mutant and wt cases, midostaurin responses are influenced by the overall mutational background. Furthermore, our data indicates that midostaurin efficacy can be enhanced through combination with other agents. Together, we have significantly expanded the understanding of molecular determinants of midostaurin response in primary AML cells, supporting predictive biomarker discovery efforts and development of synergistic drug combinations. The emerging hypotheses from this work will have to be tested in clinical studies. Disclosures Porkka: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding. Marques Ramos:Novartis: Employment. Pallaud:Novartis: Employment. Aittokallio:Novartis: Research Funding. Wennerberg:Novartis: Research Funding.
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Malani, Disha, Astrid Murumägi, Bhagwan Yadav, Tea Pemovska, John Patrick Mpindi, Mika Kontro, Tero Aittokallio, et al. "AML Specific Targeted Drugs Identified By Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Testing: Comparison of Ex Vivo Patient Cells with in Vitro Cell Lines." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2163.2163.
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Abstract Introduction Many drug discovery efforts and pharmacogenomic studies are based on testing established cancer cell lines for their sensitivity to a given drug or a panel of drugs. This approach has been criticized due to high selectivity and fast proliferation rate of cancer cell lines. To explore new therapeutic avenues for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to compare experimental model systems, we applied high-throughput Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Testing (DSRT) platform with 305 approved and investigational drugs for 28 established AML cell lines and compared their drug responses with our earlier study of 28 ex vivo AML patient samples (Pemovska et al., 2013). We then correlated drug sensitivities with genomic and molecular profiles of the samples. Methods DSRT was carried out with 305 clinical, emerging and experimental drugs and small molecule chemical inhibitors. The drugs were tested at five different concentrations over a 10,000-fold concentration range. Cell viability was measured after 72 hours using Cell Titre Glow assay. IC50 values were calculated with Dotmatics software and drug sensitivity scores (DSS, a modified area under the curve metric) were derived for each drug (Yadav et al., 2014). Nimblegen's SeqCap EZ Designs Comprehensive Cancer Design kit was used to identify mutations from 578 oncogenes in cell lines. Results The 28 established AML cell lines were in general more sensitive to the drugs as compared to the 28 ex vivo patient samples, with some important exceptions. Sensitivity towards many targeted drugs was observed in both AML cell lines and in patient samples. These included inhibitors of MEK (e.g. trametinib in 56% of cell lines and 36% of ex vivo samples), mTOR (e.g. temsirolimus in 42% and 32%) and FLT3 (quizartinib in 28% and 18%). Overall, drug responses between cell lines and ex vivo patient cells in AML showed an overall correlation coefficient of r=0.81. BCL2 inhibitors (venetoclax and navitoclax) showed more sensitivity in ex vivo patient cells than in AML cancer cell lines, whereas responses to anti-mitotic agents (docetaxel, camptothecin, vincristine) showed stronger responses in cell lines (Figure). Only 7% of AML cell lines exhibited responses to a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, in contrast to 36% patient samples. AML cell lines that carried FLT3 mutations showed high sensitivity to FLT3 inhibitors. Similarly, cell lines harbouring mutations in RAS or RAF were strongly sensitive to MEK inhibitors. MEK and FLT3 inhibitor responses were mutually exclusive, indicating alternative pathway dependencies in cell lines. However, these pharmacogenomics correlations were not as clearly seen in the clinical samples. Summary These data revealed a few important differences as well as many similarities between established AML cell lines and primary AML patient samples in terms of their response to a panel of cancer drugs. The hope is that patient-derived primary cells in ex vivo testing predict clinical response better as compared to the established cancer cell lines, which indeed seem to overestimate the likelihood of responses to many drugs. On the other hand, cancer cell line studies may also underestimate the potential of dasatinib and BCL2 inhibitors as emerging AML therapeutics. References 1. Pemovska T, Kontro M, Yadav B, Edgren H, Eldfors S, Szwajda A, et al. Individualized systems medicine strategy to tailor treatments for patients with chemorefractory acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Discovery. 2013 Dec;3(12):1416-29 2. Yadav B, Pemovska T, Szwajda A, Kulesskiy E, Kontro M, Karjalainen R, et al. Quantitative scoring of differential drug sensitivity for individually optimized anticancer therapies. Scientific reports. 2014;4:5193. Figure: Correlation of average drug responses (n=305) between 28 AML cell lines and 28 AML ex vivo patient samples Figure:. Correlation of average drug responses (n=305) between 28 AML cell lines and 28 AML ex vivo patient samples Disclosures Heckman: Celgene: Research Funding. Porkka:BMS: Honoraria; BMS: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding. Kallioniemi:Medisapiens: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Kuusanmäki, Heikki, Sari Kytölä, Ida Vänttinen, Amanda Ranta, Tanja Ruokoranta, Annasofia Holopainen, Sirpa Koskela, et al. "Ex Vivo Drug Sensitivity Testing to Predict Response to Venetoclax + Azacitidine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Interim Results of the Prospective Multicenter Phase II Venex Trial." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147691.
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Abstract Background BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (Ven) in combination with azacitidine (Aza) has substantially improved overall response rates (ORR) and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed nonfit acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Nevertheless, 1/3 of patients (pts) do not respond to the treatment, and for relapsed/refractory (R/R) pts the ORR is 20‒50%. While certain genetic changes correlate with treatment outcome (e.g., IDH2, TP53), mutations do not precisely predict Ven-Aza response. Thus, novel approaches are needed to identify those who benefit from Ven-Aza, particularly in the R/R setting. Ex vivo drug sensitivity has been explored in small pilot studies to guide treatment in R/R AML. However, very few prospective clinical trials have analyzed the predictability of ex vivo drug sensitivity testing. It is also unknown whether different drug testing platforms (e.g., flow cytometry (FC) and luminescent cell viability assays) and culture conditions influence the predictive accuracy. Therefore, we designed a prospective trial to evaluate the ex vivo/in vivo correlation of drug sensitivity testing with the Ven-Aza treatment outcome in AML. Methods VenEx is an ongoing, multicenter, open-label phase II study by the Finnish AML Group (NCT04267081) that includes nonfit de novo, R/R, and secondary AML (sAML) pts. Here, we report the interim results from the first part of the trial (validation cohort), in which all patients received study treatment regardless of the ex vivo drug sensitivity testing results (n = 39). All pts received Aza (75 mg/m 2 on days 1‒7, 28-day cycle) and Ven (400 mg once daily, 28-day cycles, shortened in responding pts to 21 days). The primary endpoint was cumulative ORR (CR/CRi/MLFS) during the first three treatment cycles, and a key secondary endpoint was the correlation of ex vivo drug sensitivity with ORR and OS. For drug sensitivity testing, 20 ml of bone marrow (BM) was shipped to the central laboratory, and Ficoll-purified mononuclear cells (MNCs) were plated within 26 hours after sampling. The drug plates contained Ven, Ven + Aza, and other BCL-2 family inhibitors across a 10,000-fold concentration range. Ven sensitivity was measured in three cell culture conditions: 1. RPMI, 2. conditioned medium (CM, HS-5 cell line derived medium (Karjalainen et al., 2017), and 3. StemSpan SFEMII + 20 ng/ml of FLT3L + SCF + TPO (SPM). After 48 h of incubation with the drugs, cell viability was measured in parallel with CellTiter-Glo (CTG) and FC, as described by Kuusanmäki et al. (2020). Drug sensitivity score (DSS) derived from the area under the dose response curve calculations indicated efficacy (Yadav et al., 2014). Results In the validation cohort, 16 pts had de novo AML and 23 had sAML or R/R AML. The ORR for de novo AML was 88% (14/16) and for R/R or sAML 52% (12/23). Drug sensitivity testing was successful in 38/39 pts. The best correlation of responding and non-responding pts occurred when blast-specific Ven sensitivity was measured by FC in CM media (p < 0.001, Figures A-B). When the ex vivo/in vivo correlation with CTG (BM bulk MNC sensitivity) was assessed, several pts who had achieved CR/CRi/MLFS during the first three cycles were resistant to Ven ex vivo (Figure A). Similarly, the SPM medium yielded false negative ex vivo responses in blast-specific FC measurement. Ex vivo testing of the Ven-Aza combination by FC did not increase the predictive accuracy over Ven alone (Figure A). Using a DSS threshold of 10.7 for blast-specific FC Ven sensitivity in CM, the test's sensitivity was 92%, its specificity was 75%, and its positive predictive value was 88% (Figure C). The median OS for patients who had DSS < 10.7 (ex vivo resistant) was 3.5 months, and those with DSS > 10.7 (ex vivo sensitive) have not reached the median OS (p < 0.001, Figure D). Conclusions Ex vivo drug sensitivity testing was feasible for AML pts in a clinical trial context. Leukemic blast-specific ex vivo Ven sensitivity showed a high correlation with ORR, with a positive predictive value of 88%, and predicted longer OS. The interim results argue that ex vivo Ven sensitivity can be used as a predictive biomarker for Ven-Aza therapy. Notably, experimental conditions had considerable influence on the predictive value of ex vivo Ven sensitivity; thus, between-trial standardization is crucial. The ongoing VenEx trial will validate these findings in the second part of the trial (60 pts) where ex vivo Ven sensitivity guides therapy in pts with R/R or sAML. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Kuusanmäki: AbbVie: Research Funding. Heckman: Novartis: Research Funding; Orion Pharma: Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kronos Bio, Inc.: Research Funding. Ettala: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Other: Conference expensens; Sanofi: Other: Conference expensens. Pyörälä: Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria. Rimpiläinen: Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Siitonen: amgen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Brystol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kontro: Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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Lavonen, Nina, and Sandra Stepanova. "Karjalaiset joiut." Etnomusikologian vuosikirja, December 1, 1992, 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23985/evk.101011.
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Neuvonen, Anssi, Maria Lähteenmäki, Oona Ilmolahti, and Sinikka Selin. "Helsingin moninaiset karjalaiset muistin paikat." Elore 28, no. 2 (January 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30666/elore.110830.
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Artikkelin tapaustutkimuksena on kolme Helsingin kaupunkitilaan sijoittuvaa muistin paikkaa, jotka kytkeytyvät leimallisesti Karjalaan ja karjalaisuuteen. Kyseiset kohteet ovat Larin Parasken patsas, katu Meilahden kaupunginosassa ja Karjalatalo. Tutkimuskysymyksiä ovat, miten kyseiset paikat ovat kytkeytyneet Karjalaan ja rakentaneet karjalaisuutta Helsingin kaupunkitilassa sekä millaisia paikallistoimijoiden välisiä neuvotteluja kunkin muistin paikan taustalta on mahdollisesti löydettävissä. Helsingin kaupunkitilan ja kollektiivisen muistin tarkastelu kytkeytyvät tässä yhteydessä kysymykseen 2010-luvun karjalaisuuksista ja niiden suhteesta ylirajaista Karjalaa koskeviin historiallisiin mielikuviin.
Lähtökohtaisena menetelmänä tutkimuksessa on hyödynnetty kaupunkisuunnistusta, joka on toteutettu Helsingissä kesäkuussa 2021. Tutkimusaineistona on käytetty tutkimuskohteiden menneisyyteen liittyviä historiallisia lähteitä, kuten arkistoaineistoja, lehtikirjoituksia, muistitietoa ja valokuvia. Lähteiden analysointimenetelmänä on toiminut lähiluku.
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Stepanova, Eila. "Näkymätön vähemmistö: karjalankielisten karjalaisten nykytila Suomessa." Elore 25, no. 1 (June 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30666/elore.72982.
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Kunnas, Niina. "Tuoretta tietoa Suomessa puhuttavasta karjalan kielestä." Virittäjä 122, no. 3 (October 10, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23982/vir.69682.
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Selin, Sinikka, Maria Lähteenmäki, Anssi Neuvonen, and Oona Ilmolahti. "”Syrjitty vähemmistö”: Karjalaisnuorten aktivismi." Historiallinen Aikakauskirja 121, no. 1 (April 22, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.54331/haik.115828.
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Artikkeli käsittelee karjalankielisten ja karjalaistaustaisten 18–35-vuotiaiden nuorten ja nuorten aikuisten mobilisaatiota 2000-luvun Suomessa. Tutkimuskohteeksi valitut nuoret identifioituvat karjalaisiksi nähden karjalaiset suomalaisista erillisenä kansana. Analysoimme nuorten identifioitumista karjalaisuuteen ja heidän toimintaansa karjalaisuutta esiintuovana ja karjalan kielen aseman parantamista ajavana yhteiskunnallisena liikkeenä. Lähdemateriaali muodostuu yhdeksän avainkertojan tuottamasta aineistosta, johon kuuluu teemahaastatteluja, keruuaineistoa ja sosiaalisen median julkaisuja. Nuoret ovat lapsesta asti olleet tietoisia sukutaustansa karjalaisuudesta, mutta kimmoke omaan identifikaatioprosessiin on usein liittynyt sukutaustaa, karjalan kieltä tai karjalaisuutta koskevan tiedon lisääntymiseen nuoruudessa. Sukutaustalla ja karjalan kielellä on monella nuorella keskeinen rooli heidän karjalaisuudessaan. Nuoret toimivat sosiaalisessa mediassa levittäen tietoa karjalaisuudesta ja ottaen kärjekkäästikin kantaa esimerkiksi kielipolitiikkaan ja vähemmistöjen syrjintään. Yksittäisten aktiivien toiminnan lisäksi nuoret ovat perustaneet Karjalazet Nuoret Suomes – Karjalaiset Nuoret Šuomešša -yhdistyksen vuonna 2019 pyrkien vaikuttamaan laajemmin yhteiskunnassa kieli- ja kulttuuritoiminnan lisäksi. Karjalaisnuorten toiminnassa on näkyvissä vaikutteita kansainvälisestä etnopoliittisesta liikehdinnästä. Valtaosa heistä ottaa etäisyyttä vanhempiin karjalaisjärjestöihin, joista joidenkin kanssa heillä on näkemyseroja. Karjalaisnuorten yhteiskunnallinen liikehdintä on parhaillaan käynnissä oleva prosessi, joka ammentaa aineksia menneisyydestä ja haastaa valtavirtaista historiakäsitystä. Asiasanat: karjalaisuus, etninen mobilisaatio, identifikaatio, aktivismi, sosiaalinen media, nuoret, vähemmistöt
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Kuzmin, Denis. "Saamelainen asutus Karjalassa." Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2013, no. 94 (January 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.82513.
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Varhaisin luotettavasti identifioitavissa oleva väestö nykyisen Karjalan tasavallan alueella on alkuperältään saamelaista. Metsäsaamelainen kulttuuri kehittyi Karjalassa rautakaudella ja varhaiskeskiajalla. On arveltu, että 1200–1300-luvulta alkaen nykyisen Karjalan alueen sisämaan saamelaismaille alkoi etelästä ja lounaasta käsin muodostua itämerensuomalaista asutusta, ja sitä mukaa kuin vepsäläiset ja karjalaiset alkoivat muuttaa saamelaisten entisille maille, viimeksi mainitut alkoivat siirtyä pohjoisemmille seuduille (Kirkinen et al. 1994: 45; Pöllä 1995: 35).
Karjalan tasavallan saamelaisen vaiheen jäljet ovat parhaiten säilyneet karjalan, vepsän ja venäjän murteiden lainasanastossa ja erityisesti paikannimistössä. Samoin 1400–1800-lukujen asiakirjoissa ja perimätiedoissa on säilynyt melkoinen määrä tietoja Karjalassa sijainneista saamelaisasutuksista.
Artikkelin päätavoitteena on saamelaisasutusta koskevien lähteiden systematisointi ja yleiskuvaus. Samalla soveltaen eri alojen lähdeaineistoa pyritään saamaan uutta ja tarkempaa tietoa saamelaisväestön historian eri vaiheista rajantakaisessa Karjalassa.
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Suutari, Pekka. "Karjalainen näkökulma kanteleeseen." Etnomusikologian vuosikirja 35 (December 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.23985/evk.127612.
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Artikkelini tarkoitus on luoda katsaus kanteletutkimukseen etnisen karjalaisuuden näkökulmasta. Tarkoitukseni ei ole kyseenalaistaa kanteletutkimuksen ja karjalaisen kanteleperinteen esittämisen oikeutusta enkä pyri luomaan kriteerejä siihen, miten kulttuuriperinnön käyttämistä pitäisi arvioida. Kansanmusiikkia ei tulisi kuitenkaan nähdä vain materiaalina, jotta kuka tahansa saa hyödyntää miten tahansa, sillä musiikkiyhteisön arvot ovat osa kansanmusiikin jatkumoa ja perinneprosessia. Siksi myös karjalainen kantele on kytköksissä mm. karjalan kielen aseman ja arvostuksen kanssa. Käsittelen artikkelissa ensinnä kantelejulkisuuden ja kalevalaisuuden kytköstä, sitten rajakarjalaisten kanteleensoittajien tutkimusta viimevuosisadan alussa. Seuraavaksi tarkastelen kanteleen hyödyntämistä sosialistisessa taidetoiminnassa Neuvosto-Karjalassa, ja sitten sitä miten kanteletta voitaisiin tarkastella ryhmän sisänäkökulmasta identiteetin rakennustekijänä. Lopuksi käsittelen kanteleen modernisaatiota ja itse soittimen kehitystä sekä sitä, mikä rajakarjalaisuuden merkitys voisi olla tässä prosessissa. Artikkelin kansikuva: Hannu Koistisen kehittämä uusi diatoninen kantele. Kuva: Pekka Suutari.
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Kuzmin, Denis. "Karjalaisten naisten esikristillinen nimistö." Virittäjä 123, no. 3 (October 21, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.23982/vir.60729.
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Saarikivi, Janne. "Heini Karjalainen, Yhteisöt kontaktissa, systeemit muutoksessa. Vepsän kielen indefiniittipronominien järjestelmä." Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2016, no. 63 (October 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33339/fuf.86138.
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Heini Karjalainen, Yhteisöt kontaktissa, systeemit muutoksessa. Vepsän kielen indefiniittipronominien järjestelmä. [Gemeinschaften im Kontakt, Systeme im Wandel. Das System der Indefinitpronomina im Wepsischen.] Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. B, Humaniora, nro 142. Oulun yliopisto. Oulu, 2016. <http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212234>
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Seppä, Tiina. "Katsooko metsä ihmistä?" AVAIN - Kirjallisuudentutkimuksen aikakauslehti 17, no. 4 (March 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30665/av.98306.
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Tarkastelen tässä artikkelissa metsää ja ihmisen kommunikaatiota sen kanssa suomalais-karjalais-inkeriläisessä kansanrunoudessa. Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot (SKVR) on laaja ja edustava kokoelma pääasiassa suomalais-karjalais-inkeriläistä, suullisesti välittynyttä runoutta, joka on tallennettu etupäässä 1800-luvulla ja 1900-luvun alkuvuosikymmeninä, mutta sen varhaisimmat runotallenteet ovat 1500-luvulta. Suullisen runon maailma sisältää runsaasti kommunikaatiota ei-inhimillisen kanssa, ja tästä kommunikaatiosta suuri osa tapahtuu elinympäristön luonnonentiteettien kanssa vuoropuhelussa. Runoudessa on runsaasti suoraa dialogia metsän kanssa, ja metsä näyttäytyy siinä omalakisena toimijana, jonka moraliteettia tai tarkoitusperiä ei voida ennustaa saati määrätä. Toisaalta SKVR sisältää runsaasti runoja, joissa runon kertojaminä kertoo kommunikoivansa luonnon entiteettien, esimerkiksi lintujen kanssa, luotettavien ja muuten mahdollisten ihmiskontaktien puuttuessa. Näissä runoissa yhteisöstä vieraantunut saatetaan nähdä anomalisen kykynsä vuoksi erityislahjakkuutena.
Metsä on miesten runoudessa mahdollisen eroottisen kanssakäymisen osapuoli ja naisten huolirunoudessa usein turvapaikka ja luotettu, hyvä toinen. Metsä voi olla naiselle myös omaehtoisen seksuaalisuuden ilmaisemisen paikka. Runoissa ollaan selvillä metsän ja sen entiteettien tietoisesta läsnäolosta: metsä katsoo ihmistä.
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Ranta-Meyer, Tuire, Meri Kytö, and Lasse Lehtonen. "Musiikkia, politiikkaa, kannanottoja." Musiikki 52, no. 3 (September 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.51816/musiikki.121962.
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Venäjän Ukrainaan kohdistaman hyökkäyssodan aiheuttama kärsimys ja sen kirvoittamat erilaiset eettiset ja moraalifilosofiset kysymykset ovat myös meille musiikintutkijoille näkyvissä lähes päivittäin. Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön korkeakouluille maaliskuussa antaman suosituksen mukaisesti yliopistot ovat pidättäytyneet korkeakoulu- ja tiedeyhteistyöstä venäläisten organisaatioiden kanssa. Suosituksen mukaisesti jo olemassa oleva organisaatioiden välinen yhteistyö on keskeytetty toistaiseksi eikä uusia hankkeita käynnistetä. Tutkijoiden liikkuvuutta on jäädytetty, vierailuja ei suositeta eikä asiantuntijalausuntoja sovi pyytää eikä antaa. Tämä on vaikuttanut monen tutkijan arkeen, verkostoihin ja hankesuunnitteluihin yllättävin tavoin, eivätkä ratkaisut tilanteisiin aina ole olleet yksiselitteisiä. Suomessa toimivien venäläisten ja ukrainalaisten tutkijoiden sekä jatko- ja perusopiskelijoiden on pitänyt harkita monta ammattiyhteisöllistä kysymystä uudessa valossa. Nähtäväksi jää, millaista tuhoa Venäjän hyökkäyssota saa vielä aikaan esimerkiksi karjalaisen musiikkiperinteen tutkimuksessa.
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Kohonen, Siria. "Karjalais-suomalaisen tietäjän luonnon nostatus ja henkipossessio kognitiivisten ominaisuuksien näkökulmasta." Elore 31, no. 1 (June 19, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.30666/elore.142585.
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Karjalais-suomalaisten perinteisten rituaaliasiantuntijoiden eli tietäjien toiminnassa yksi tyypillinen osa loitsurituaalia on ollut tietäjän luonnon nostatus eli haltioituminen. Luontonsa nostattanut loitsija esitti loitsua jonkinlaisessa ekstaattisessa ja hurjistuneessa tilassa, ja tätä pidettiin oleellisena riitin onnistumisen kannalta. Folkloristi Anna-Leena Siikala on kuvannut nostatetun luonnon tai tietäjän haltioitumisen tilaa motoriseksi transsiksi, joka muistuttaa joiltain osin Itä- ja Keski-Siperian kansojen šamanistisissa rituaaleissa esiintyvää henkipossessiota eli ulkoisen hengen asettumista ihmisen kehoon ja sen kontrolloimista (Siikala 1992, 208–209). Siikalan esittämän vertauksen inspiroimana tarkastelen tässä artikkelissa, millä tavoin tietäjän luonnon nostatuksen ja haltioitumisen kuvaukset vertautuvat kulttuurienvälisiin tapoihin tulkita tietynlaista käyttäytymistä henkipossessioksi. Kiinnitän erityisesti huomiota siihen, millä tavoin henkipossessioilmiöiden tulkintaan liittyvät ihmismielen kognitiiviset ominaisuudet mahdollisesti ilmenevät tarkastelemissani kuvauksissa. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä käytän antropologi Emma Cohenin teoriaa henkipossessioilmiöiden tulkinnasta kognition näkökulmasta (Cohen 2008). Tutkimusaineisona käytän 1800-luvulla ja 1900-luvun alussa tallennettua kansanusko-, uskomustarina- ja loitsuaineistoa Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran arkistosta, ja tutkimusmenetelmäni ovat aineistolähtöinen sekä teoriaohjautunut sisällönanalyysi. Analyysini perusteella luonnon nostatusta ja haltioitumista ei yleensä ole käsitetty sellaiseksi henkipossessioksi, jossa jokin ulkoinen henki valtaisi ihmisen kehon. Sen sijaan tilannetta voidaan joissain tapauksissa pitää sentapaisena possessiona, jossa jokin ulkoinen olemus valtaa kehon. Aineistossa ilmenee kuitenkin myös erilaisia variaatioita aiheesta.
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Loipponen, Jaana. "Minna Kilkki [toim.) 2004: Se minkä jaksat kantaa. Karjalaisten naisten ja miesten elämäkertoja." Elore 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.30666/elore.78510.
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Liimola, Matti. "Grammatikalische Aufzeichnungen aus ostjakischen Mundarten von K. F. Karjalainen, bearb. und hrsg. von E. Vértes." Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 1966, no. 36 (February 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33339/fuf.110248.
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