Relevant bibliographies by topics / Karl XIII

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Karl XIII'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Karl XIII"

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Mikhail, John. "Dilemmas of cultural legality: a comment on Roger Cotterrell’s ‘The struggle for law’ and a criticism of the House of Lords’ opinions in Begum." International Journal of Law in Context 4, no. 4 (December 2008): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309004054.

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In Orientalism, Edward Said’s seminal critique of Western discourse on the Arab and Islamic world, Said begins with an epigram from Karl Marx: ’They cannot represent themselves; they must be represented‘ (Said, 1979, p. xiii, quoting Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte). Said then argues that Marx’s statement captures a basic reality about Western representations of ’Oriental‘ societies, which is that they often rest on a pattern of cultural hegemony. The dominance of European colonial powers, primarily Great Britain and France, over their subjugated populations is what allowed the latter to be depicted in a way that reinforced ‘the idea of European [superiority] in comparison with. . .non-European peoples and cultures’ (p. 7). For example, in Gustave Flaubert’s popular novels, ‘Flaubert’s encounter with an Egyptian courtesan produced a. . .model of the Oriental woman. . .[who] never spoke of herself. . .[and] never represented her emotions, presence or history. He spoke for and represented her. . .telling his readers in what way she was typically Oriental’ (p. 6, emphasis original). Moreover, Flaubert’s superiority in relation to her ‘was not an isolated instance. It fairly stands for the pattern of relative strength between East and West, and the discourse about the Orient that it enabled’ (p. 6).
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Notturno, Mark A. "Karl Popper: The Formative Years, 1902–1945, Malachi Haim Hacohen. Cambridge University Press, 2000, xiii + 610 pages." Economics and Philosophy 18, no. 2 (October 2002): 351–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267102252098.

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McEnroy, Carmel. "The Content of Faith: The Best of Karl Rahner's Theological Writings. By Karl Rahner. Edited by Karl Lehmann and Albert Raffelt. Translation edited by Harvey D. EganS.J., New York: Crossroad, 1992. xiii + 668 pages. $42.00." Horizons 21, no. 1 (1994): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036096690002822x.

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Plant, Stephen J. "Paul Silas Peterson, The Early Karl Barth: Historical Contexts and Intellectual Formation 1905–1935 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2018), pp. xiii + 474. €114.00." Scottish Journal of Theology 73, no. 4 (November 2020): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930620000125.

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Thompson, John. "Book Reviews: Karl Barth: Against Hegenomy. By Timothy J. Gorringe. Oxford: O.U.P., 1999. Pp. xiii+313. Price £14.99. ISBN 0-19-875247-4." Irish Theological Quarterly 66, no. 2 (June 2001): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002114000106600209.

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Norbury, Frederick. "Johansson, Per‐Olov, and Karl‐Gustav Lofgren. The Economics of Forestry and Natural Resources . New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985, xiii + 292 pp., $@@‐@@49.95." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 3 (August 1986): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1241574.

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Helmer, Charles C. "Tyler R.Wittman, God and Creation in the Theology of Thomas Aquinas and Karl Barth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019, xiii + 315pp. £75.00 / $105.00." International Journal of Systematic Theology 22, no. 4 (June 15, 2020): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijst.12428.

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Lobis, Seth. "Karl Enenkel (ed.), The Reception of Erasmus in the Early Modern Period (Leiden: Brill, 2013). xiii, 275 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-25562-3." Erasmus Studies 34, no. 2 (2014): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-03402010.

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Heyns, Barbara. "Book ReviewChildren, Schools, and Inequality.Edited by Doris R. Entwisle, Karl L. Alexander, and Linda Steffel Olson. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1997. Pp. xiii+238. $59.00." American Journal of Sociology 104, no. 3 (November 1998): 979–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210132.

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D'Amico, Robert. "Karl Popper—the Formative Years, 1902–1945: Politics and Philosophy in Interwar Vienna. By Malachi Haim Hacohen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii+610. $54.95." Journal of Modern History 74, no. 4 (December 2002): 897–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/376252.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Karl XIII"

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Hultgren, Daniel. "Karl XII i populärkulturen : Filmatisering kring Karl XII." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43681.

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En filmanalys som fokuserar på att studera framställningen omkring den svenske kungen Karl XII. Studien är omfattad att analysera olika filmer med olika produktionsländer för att finna hur olika filmskapare och länder har valt att presentera den svenske kungen. Studien fokuserar på att undersöka den bild som ges av Karl XII i olika filmer för att finna hur historien omkring Karl XII har brukats.
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Nilsson, Lucas. "Bilden av Karl XII : En historiografisk analys av framställningen av Karl XII i uppslagsverk kring förra sekelskiftet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-71083.

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The aim of this essay is to investigate and compare how Charles XII is depicted in the encyclopedias Nordisk Familjebok first and second edition from 1884 and 1910. The essay also has a historiographic purpose for examining whether there are clear links between the development of academic history research and how Charles XII is described in the two encyclopedias. The main hypothesis is that the encyclopedias are influenced by the historiographic development in their ambition to achieve academic authority. The method for achieving this purpose has been a qualitative text analysis, which means that the articles about Charles XII have been thoroughly analyzed, focusing on the preparation of Charles XII's formation and personality, the social conditions in Sweden during his reign, the outbreak of the Great Northern War, invasion of Russia, exile in the Ottoman Empire and finally his death. Despite the short period of time between the encyclopedias, my analysis has shown that the two articles about Charles XII are totally different. The first edition depicts a negative image of the king, while the second edition is positive in its presentation. The historiographical links between the scientific development and the encyclopedia's description of Charles XII have been very clear. In particular, the so-called "Old and New School" influences have become evident.
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Ericsson, Peter. "Stora nordiska kriget förklarat : Karl XII och det ideologiska tilltalet /." Uppsala : Uppsala Universitet, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390370796.

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Monticciolo, Giovanni. "Enväldets karlar : En studie om hur Karl XI och Karl XII har skildrats i läroböcker under 1900-talet." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34371.

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Strandberg, Sofia, and Amanda Leetmaa. "Karl XII, ett skräckexempel eller en hjälte? : En kvalitativ läromedelsanalys, åk 4–6." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446664.

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Svensson, Jennifer. "Utvecklande ledarskap i historien : En studie i nutida militär ledarskapsteori under Senkarolinsk tid." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4060.

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Denna studie behandlar ämnet ledarskap och inriktar sig på den militära ledarskapsteorin Utvecklande ledarskap.  Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka om Karl XII:s framgångar som ledare kan förklaras genom en modern ledarskapsteori såsom Utvecklande ledarskap. Detta görs genom att undersöka om de eftersträvansvärda ledarkaraktäristika som nämns i Utvecklande ledarskap även går att finna i återberättelser om Karl XII:s ledarskap under den Senkarolinska tiden. Teorin Utvecklande ledarskap har analyserats gentemot dess föregångare Transformational leadership för att få en djupare förståelse för vad den utvecklande ledarskapsteorin innebär samt öka utbudet på beskrivningar av eftersträvansvärda ledaregenskaper. Här identifieras tre kännetecken som sammanfattar teorins önskvärda ledaregenskaper: Föredöme, Personlig omtanke samt Inspiration och motivation. Dessa kännetecken prövas sedan mot återberättelser av Karl XII:s ledarskap för att påvisa att många av de önskvärda ledaregenskaper som nämns i de moderna ledarskapsteorierna även gick att finna i Karl XII:s ledarskap. Resultatet av studien blev att många av de karaktärsdrag som nämns i Utvecklande ledarskap också gick att finna hos Karl XII med skillnaden att innebörden av begreppen ändrats på grund av kulturella och religiösa förändringar med tiden. En sista skillnad är att dessa karaktärsdrag inte var nedtecknade i en teoretisk modell under den Senkarolinska tiden, då Karl XII regerade, vilket försvårade transferering och utbildning i ämnet.
This study is about leadership and directed towards the modern leadership theory Developmental leadership. The paper tries to explain some of Karl XII’s success as a leader by examining if he followed some of the principles of Developmental leadership. This is done by researching if the desirable leadership traits mentioned in Developmental leadership can also be found in narrations of Karl XII’s leadership during the late Carolinian times. The theory of Developmental leadership has been analyzed in relation to its progenitor Transformational leadership in order to get a deeper understanding for what Developmental leadership means and increase the range of descriptions of desirable leadership traits. Three characteristics are identified that summarize the desirable traits of the theories: Role model behavior, Personal care and Inspiration and motivation. These characteristics are then tested against narrations of Karl XII’s leadership to prove that many of the desirable leadership traits mentioned in modern leadership theories also were to be found in Karl XII’s leadership. The results of the study was that many of the traits mentioned in Developmental leadership also were found in Karl XII’s leadership, though different in regards to the meaning of some of the traits that has been altered due to cultural and religious changes by time. One last difference is that these traits and characteristics not were written down as a theoretical model during the late Carolinian times, when Karl XII ruled, which hampered the transference of knowledge and education on the field of study.
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Robin, Nilsson Eriksson. "Tiden påverkar debatten även för en kung : Karl XII:s eftermäle i tre svenska dagstidningar under tre jubileumsår, 1918-2018." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48873.

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This study shows how the image of Karl XII and his political deed has changed in the public debate during a century. The study has also, with the help of analytical tools on uses of history, examined how the memory of Karl XII and his political deeds has been used by focusing on moral, political, ideological, scientific and existential interests. The focus has been on three anniversary years for the king´s death, 30 November 1918, 1968 and 2018 and the reporting in three national Swedish magazines, which are: Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet och Aftonbladet.  Based on historical cultural perspective, the analysis of the newspapers shows that the attitude has varied greatly over a hundred years. In 1918 the king was a symbol of the true love of Sweden and was depicted as a hero. The king´s memory was used as a nationalist tool. In 1968 the memory of the king came under heavy critisim from moral standpoints. The king was no longer perceived as a hero but as a dictator. In 2018, the public debate was more influenced by scientific and academic perspectives, including discussions on how the memory of the king has been used by right-wing groups. In summary, the anniversary celibrations have shown that the attitude of Karl XII varied depending on how the society valued its history.
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur bilden av Karl XII och hans politiska gärning förändrats i den offentliga debatten under ett sekel. Studien ska därtill med hjälp av historiebrukstypologi undersöka hur historien om Karl XII och hans politiska gärningar har använts genom att fokusera på moraliska, politiska, ideologiska, vetenskapliga och existentiella intressen. Fokus ligger på tre jubileumsår för kungens dödsdag, den 30 november 1918, 1968 och 2018, samt rapporteringen i tre rikstäckande svenska dagstidningar som är: Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladetoch Aftonbladet.    Med utgångspunkt i ett historiekulturellt perspektiv visar analysen av materialet att bilden av Karl XII varierat över hundra år. År 1918 betraktades Karl XII som en hjälte och förknippades med fosterlandskärleken. Minnet av kungen blev ett nationalistiskt verktyg. År 1968 blev minnet av kungen än mer politiskt laddat och kom att kritiseras starkt utifrån moraliska uppfattningar. År 2018 är det påtagligt att vetenskapliga och akademiska perspektiv präglar den offentliga diskussionen om kungen, samt uppmärksamhet kring hur högerextrema grupper nyttjar minnet av kungen för politiska syften. Sammanfattningsvis har de studerade jubileumsfirandena visat på att förhållningssättet till Karl XII varierat över tid beroende på samhällets sätt att betrakta det förflutna.
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Ljungné, Johan. "Karl XII:s ledning av anfallet mot Trondheim 1718." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1597.

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Uppsatsen kommer att avhandla ledningsförhållandet under Karl XII:s fälttåg i Norge 1718. Syftet med uppsatsen äratt pröva det historiska händelseförloppet kring anfallet mot Trondheim utifrån hur vi idag uppfattar uppdragstaktikoch påvisa förekomst av denna. Min hypotes är att de bärande tankarna i uppdragstaktik inte är ett sentida fenomen. Iuppsatsen kommer jag att söka svar på följande frågeställningar.- Var Karl XII en delegerande eller centralstyrande militär chef under den Jämtländska arméns anfall motTrondheim 1718?- Finns det spår i Karl XII:s ledning av Armfeldts armé av det vi idag kallar uppdragstaktik?Uppsatsen teoretiska utgångspunkt är uppdragstaktik som den beskrivs i den svenska militärstrategiska doktrinenfrån år 2002. Uppdragstaktiken kommer att behandlas som en ledningsfilosofi snarare än som en ledningsmetod.Uppsatsen är utformad som en fallstudie. Svaren på frågeställningar söks i källinnehållet med hjälp av kvalitativtextanalys.Analysen i uppsatsen visar att det är styrkt att Karl XII agerade delegerande under anfallet mot Trondheim även omhan också reglerade en del detaljförhållanden. Det finns också tydliga drag av uppdragstaktik i hela upplägget ochgenomförandet av fälttåget. Det finns ett tydligt inslag av uppdragstaktikiskt tänkande i både Karl XII:s och iArmfeldts förhållningssätt under slutfasen av det stora nordiska kriget.
In this paper the command and control of Karl XII during the campaign inNorway 1718 will be discussed. The purpose of the paper is to examine thehistorical course of events during the assault on Trondheim in the perspectiveof how we today understand mission command and to indicate the existence ofit. My hypothesis is that the main ideas in mission command are not aphenomenon of our days. In the paper I will try to answer of the followingquestions.- Was Karl XII a delegating or a centrally controlling militarycommander during the assault on Trondheim carried out by the army ofJämtland?- Does Karl XII’s command and control of Armfeldt and his army bearany traces of what we today regard as mission-oriented command andcontrol?The theoretical framework of the paper is mission-oriented command andcontrol as it is described in the Swedish defence doctrine of 2002. Missioncommand will be discussed as a command and control philosophy rather than amethod. The paper is designed as a case study. The sources will be analysed byqualitative text analysis in order to handle the questions.The conclusions of the paper show that Karl XII truly acted in a delegatingmanner during the assault on Trondheim, although he also controlled somedetails. The plans concerning the assault and the accomplishment of the assaultshow distinct traces of mission command. The attitudes of both Karl XII andArmfeldt also show obvious elements of mission command thoughts during thefinal phase of the Great Northern War
Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 03-05
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Albertsson, Jacob. "Var Karl en karlakarl? : En läroboksanalys med syftet att jämföra hur Karl XII har framställts i svenska läroböcker över en tidsperiod på 100 år." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för de humanistiska ämnenas didaktik (CeHum), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117536.

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I denna uppsats kommer jag att behandla Karl XII och hur denne har framställts i läroböcker från 1884-2003. I min uppsats har jag valt att behandla 14 läroböcker, som i sin tur jag delat upp i tre stycken epoker: Epok I, Epok II och Epok III. Analysen i sin tur har utgått i från tre teman. Vilket jag med hjälp av ett diskursanalytiskt förhållningssätt försökt redogöra kring hur författarna framställt Karl XII, hans personlighet, centrala skeenden samt värdeladdade ord kring Karl. Analysen kommer fokusera på uttalanden från författarna som kan anses vara värderande, samt koppla författarens ställningstagande och sedan se om det stämmer överens med den rådande historieforskning som gällde när läroboken skrevs. Genom att behandla mina epoker i en kronologisk ordning är tanken att ett förändringsmönster i diskursen ska uppstå. Samt att se huruvida läroboksförfattarna faller ifrån opartiskhet och visar sina personliga värderingar i texterna. Tanken med denna uppsats är alltså att se ett utvecklingsmönster, tillika skåda hur pass mycket en författare låter sina egna tankar belysa en lärobok.
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Svensson, Johannes. "Med Guds hjälp? : En kvalitativ studie över tjänstgörande karoliners uppfattningar om det stora nordiska kriget och Karl XII." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40659.

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With Gods help? A qualitative study of Carolean's perceptions about the Great Northern War and Charles XII The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what perceptions Charles XII’s Caroleans had about him, the Great Northern War and how these perceptions changed during the war. There is also an underlying ambition to show how these perceptions differ. The underlying issues for the thesis are thus: - What perceptions/opinions describes the Caroleans of Charles XII as a person and leader? - What perceptions are described about the war as a whole? - In what way do perceptions concerning loyalty and hopes change during the war?   The theoretical point of departure of the thesis is briefly the fatalistic beliefs and image of the King as the elect of God. A majority of the Swedish army was characterized by this approach and based their experiences and values on it to varying degrees.      The methodology in which the essay's research is based on are threefold and consists of narrative diary analysis, microhistory and mentality history.      The study is based on a source material composed of six diaries from six of Karl XII’s Caroleans with varying positions. Based on analyzes of these diaries, each individual’s experiences and perceptions have been distinguished and reported.      The conclusion of this result is that all of the mentioned Caroleans hulded a great respect for the king and saw him to varying degrees as a role model and the election of God. As the result shows they did not hold him personally responsible for the end of the war, likely due to the fatalistic beliefs that’s already mentioned.      Perceptions of the war in whole occur to some extent but not to the extent expected. From this point of view, the chosen Caroleans were fairly value-free. During the war, one can clearly see that perceptions and hopes changed. This change is strictly linked to the Swedes pros and cons in the war.
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Books on the topic "Karl XIII"

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Strindberg, August. Karl XII: Engelbrekt. [Stockholm]: Norstedt, 1994.

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Liljegren, Bengt. Karl XII: En biografi. Lund: Historiska media, 2000.

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Florén, Anders. Kungar och krigare: Tre essäer om Karl X Gustav, Karl XI och Karl XII. Stockholm: Atlantis, 1992.

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Bespalov, A. V. Severnai͡a︡ voĭna: Karl XII i shvedskai͡a︡ armii͡a︡. Moskva: Reĭttar, 2000.

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Leempoels, Günter. Wo bleibt Karl Napoleon Adolf?: Die Schicksalsmächte Karls XII. von Schweden, Napoleon Bonapartes und Adolf Hitlers. Frankfurt am Main: R.G. Fischer, 1988.

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Tängerstad, Erik. Fredrik den store och Karl XII som stumfilmshjältar: Produktion och reception av filmerna "Fridericus Rex" och "Karl XII". Florens: European University Institute, 1997.

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Liljegren, Bengt. Karl XII i Lund: När Sverige styrdes från Skåne. Lund: Historiska media, 1999.

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Ericsson, Peter. Stora nordiska kriget förklarat: Karl XII och det ideologiska tilltalet. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2002.

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Drejholt, Nils. Karl XII: S fickur eller en klockas öden och äventyr. Stockholm: Livrustkammaren, 1999.

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Findeisen, Jörg-Peter. Karl XII. von Schweden: Ein König, der zum Mythos wurde. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Karl XIII"

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Scheichl, Sigurd Paul. "Karl Kraus’ Weltgericht – Eine Bilanz." In Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts / Simon Dubnow Institute Yearbook XIII/2014, 285–308. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666369438.285.

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Morris, Bruce. "Karl Beckson, Ian Fletcher, Lawrence W. Markert and John Stokes, Arthur Symons: A Bibliography (Greensboro, NC: ELT Press, 1990) xii + 330 pp." In Yeats and Women, 424–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11928-8_36.

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Zienert-Eilts, Karin. "XIII. Danksagung." In Karl Abraham, 335–36. Psychosozial-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/9783837966053-335.

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"Heft XIII." In Karl Marx: Exzerpte und Notizen, Juli bis September 1851, 635–68. Akademie Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783050076874-004.

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Kapp, Joachim-Friedrich. "Karl XII." In Die Gründung der Moderne, 41–46. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828875173-41.

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Zienert-Eilts, Karin. "XII. Dokumentenanhang." In Karl Abraham, 299–334. Psychosozial-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/9783837966053-299.

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"XII. KARL, HERZOG VON NIEDERLOTHRINGEN." In Die Verwandten der Ottonen und ihre Bedeutung in der Politik. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412326012-016.

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"Karl XII. – Der “heroische” Militärmonarch Schwedens." In Die Inszenierung der heroischen Monarchie, 358–81. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/9783486781076.358.

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"Heft XII." In Karl Marx: Exzerpte und Notizen, Juli bis September 1851, 604–34. Akademie Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783050076874-003.

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LAJOVIC, JARO. "KAREL PEČNIK:." In Egypt and Austria XII - Egypt and the Orient: The Current Research, 313–22. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tjz3.23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Karl XIII"

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Veloso, D., M. Shapira, F. Kueppers, and R. W. Colman. "MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY 13G11 RECOGNIZES PREKALLIKREIN, KALLIKREIN AND COMPLEXES OF KALLIKREIN WITH,C1-INHIBITOR AND. α2-MACR0GL0BULIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642901.

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Abstract:
Abnormal prekallikrein (PK) levels in plasma can be due to decreased biosynthesis or increased activation either by surface-activated factor XIIa (e.g., in septicemia) or by other proteases (e.g., in pancreatites). To study the products of activation of PK in plasma, intact normal plasma and plasma exposed to either activating surfaces or factor XII fragment, was immunoblotted from SDS-gels. MAb 13G11 which recognizes purified PK, kallikrein (KAL) and the complexes of KAL with Cl-inhibitor (Cl-Inh) and α2macroglobulin (α2M) formed from purified proteins detected a doubLet (88- and 85-kDa) which comigrated with PK and KAL but was not visible in PK-deficient plasma. Transfer of either PK in normal plasma (25-125 ng) or KAL (50-300 ng) added to PK-deficient plasma was proportional to the amount of protein applied to the SDS-gels. Activation of plasma decreased the intensity of the PK bands with the formation of new bands with molecular weights similar to those of KAL-Cl-Inh and KAL-α2M. Identity was confirmed by MAb 4C3 (reacts with KAL-Cl-In, not with KAL) and a polyclonal antibody to α2M. Increase of incubation temperature from 24 to 37 increased KAL-Cl-Inh and decreased KAL-α2M. Addition of an excess of a2M before surface activation caused an increase of KAL-α2M complex and a decrease of KAL-Cl-Inh. Addition of an excess of Cl-Inh increased KAL-Cl-Inh and decreased KAL-α2M. In addition, activation of Cl-Inh-deficient plasma showed lower KAL-Cl-Inh and higher KAL-a2M than those when normal plasma was activated. When the deficient plasma was treated with CH3NH2 to inactivate α2M, an increase at KAL position was observed since no inhibitors were active. These studies indicate that 13G11 will be useful to detect changes in the distribution of PK, KAL, KAL-Cl-Inh and KAL-α2M associated with abnormal activation of PK and/or abnormal availability of inhibitors in disease.
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2

Fellingham, Lorimer, and Timothy K. Manners. "Assessment of the Recoverability of Dumped Spent Fuel in the Kara Sea." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4864.

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Sixteen reactor units, six of which plus a special container retain spent fuel, have been dumped by the Russian Federation in the Kara Sea off the island of Novaya Zemlya. The total radioactive inventory is of ∼4.2 × 1015 Bq. There has been widespread concern over their safety and current and future impacts on the local environment. This paper assesses the options for the recovery and permanent management of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The study was undertaken as part of the European Commission’s TACIS Programme to improve the safety of radioactive waste management in the north-west region of Russia [1]. It involved reviewing existing studies into the radiological situation in Arctic waters; identifying the key factors affecting potential recovery; determining and assessing potential options and recommending the preferred strategy. Two basic choices exist for the dumped reactors and fuel: 1. Leave dumped in the sea; 2. Salvage to land and treat/dispose. In total 11 options were identified and evaluated. Three were variants of 1), i.e. leave unchanged, improve the containment, and partially raise and redump in deeper waters. The remainder involved combinations of salvage of reactor compartments or only the reactor pressure vessels, followed by direct disposal on land of the reactor with or without the spent fuel and reprocessing or direct burial of any extracted fuel. The first stage of the assessment included preparation for each option of engineering cost and net present value (NPV) estimates; a cost benefit analysis based on the cost-of-dose saving using the ALARP principle; a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Risks (SWOR) analysis and the generation of a detailed Environmental Aspect register, including a semi-quantitative Environmental Risk Assessment. The risk assessment methodology was based on a risk matrix, which compared environmental consequence with likely frequency to determine the significance of the impacts. The risk matrix was developed from established systems used for safety risk assessment of industrial, nuclear and chemical hazards. A scoring system was developed to cover factors that could affect decision-making. It included: i) Radiological impact to man. ii) Environmental impact assessment. iii) Ease of disposal. iv) Regulatory pressure. v) Technical feasibility. vi) Integrity of containment. vii) Up-front capital cost. viii) Discounted total cost. ix) Cost Benefit with ALARP. x) International will. xi) Risk from terrorist intrusion. xii) Public acceptability. The scoring system was subject to weighting to put priority on the most important issues. A sensitivity assessment was used to ensure the selection system was robust. Finally, the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) for the dumped SNF was determined. The study concludes that it is technically feasible to recover the reactors and spent fuel. However, the cost will be a minimum of £50M. The radiological consequences of leaving the reactors and fuel in their present location are very small. Thus the benefits of recovery are not justifiable. The overall conclusion is that a continuation of the current strategy is the preferred management option.
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