Academic literature on the topic 'Karo (African people)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Karo (African people)"
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Agozino, Biko. "The Africana paradigm inCapital: the debts of Karl Marx to people of African descent." Review of African Political Economy 41, no. 140 (April 3, 2014): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872613.
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Dasaolu, Babajide Olugbenga. "Education and Social Change in the Works of Karl Popper and George Orwell: A Pedagogy of Caution for Marxists in Africa." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2021-12-2-221-233.
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Some decades ago, the Brazilian scholar Paulo Freire wrote his Pedagogy of the Oppressed to indicate the rationale for social change and the place of education in that affair. This study takes a leaf from Freire’s work to dialogue how authentic and people-centered social change can be attained in Africa. In contemporary African political scholarship, scholars are divided over the methodology of attaining social change. Some take inspiration from the thoughts of Karl Popper who maintains that there are two approaches toward social change: The Piecemeal and the Utopian. It is also the case that Popper puts trust and emphasis on the former when he doubts and opposes the latter, which appeals mostly to Marxists in Africa. Since it has become a dominant locus for almost all of African scholars to take a Marxist approach in their articulation and struggle for social change, this study intends to serve as a caution. Caution because, it is an open secret that Marxists of African descent have been very critical and bitter of Popper’s version of social change for being reactionary; that it is a viewpoint which aims to preserve an exploitative status quo. When the onus of this study is to defend Popper against such uncharitable misrepresentations, it forays into George Orwell’s classic Animal Farm, for succor. Orwell’s fable is a revelation of the dangers that may emanate from Utopian social engineering in real life scenario. The unfortunate totalitarian era that greeted the animals in the aftermath of their violent and bloody revolution in Manor Farm is not only a lesson but serves to initiate the discourse regarding the intention and integrity of those leading social change and struggles across Africa. It is precisely for this reason that this essay beckons on Africans to initiate a platform for social change that will be void of violence and bloodshed. By taking a pedagogy approach to education, this research would have been able to explore the ways through which education can contribute to the plight of social change and social stability in Africa.
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Steedly, Mary Margaret. "Modernity and the Memory Artist: The Work of Imagination in Highland Sumatra, 1947–1995." Comparative Studies in Society and History 42, no. 4 (October 2000): 811–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500003327.
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News from afar sometimes seems to bear an uncanny resemblance to one's own remembered past. This is not because of the banal redundancy of events, but because of memory's inclination to refurbish itself in contemporary designs and novel images. In 1994 I was in northern Sumatra collecting stories from Karo veterans of the Indonesian war of national independence. Every night the television news offered more horrifying pictures of ethnic violence from around the world. In central Africa, roadways were filled with thousands of starving, desperate people traveling toward unknown destinations. This made a big impression on my Karo informants. “That's exactly how it was here,” they told me over and over. “I saw it on TV last night. I told the kids, ‘We were just like that during the evacuation.' Nothing to eat. No clothes. We were living like animals.”
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Oloyede, Muhyideen. "Impact of Government Interventions on Corona Virus Transmission in Nigeria." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul005.
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Many measures such as multi-sectoral National Coronavirus Preparedness Group and social interventions were instituted by Nigerian governments before and after the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on February 27, 2020. Impacts of these intervention measures on COVID-19 transmission were assessed within the first 82 days in Nigeria and in the first 38 days in Kano state. These approaches toward containing the spread of COVID-19 include nonpharmaceutical intervention measures, multi-sectoral Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) was activated at Level 3, expansion of labouratories, RRT deployment etc which resulted in the slow transmission trajectory and low COVID-19 burden and death burden on the people. The analysis of the COVID-19 data obtained between February 27 and May 20, 2020 (82 days period) showed that Nigeria recorded lower death burden of one (1) per million population compare with other African countries like South Africa with death burden of 6 death per million population each and other countries, death burden increases (> 1) as COVID-19 cases increases. Similarly, COVID-19 burden of Nigeria is 33 cases per million which is also very low compared to other African countries and other highly affected countries like US and UK. By 20th May 2020, 6,677 confirmed cases and 202 deaths and 1,860 recovered from COVID-19 have occurred in Nigeria. At day 82, the exponential growth rate calculated was 0.05. The result of this study also provides epidemiological analysis of the first 40 days of COVID-19 outbreak in in the most populous state in Nigeria-Kano. Using this logistic model equation [y= 1.5*(1.3)x] generated from the curve, a total of 31,158 infections was averted in Kano state by the federal and state government intervention measures and citizen level of compliances as well as additional effort of WHO official which altogether brought the total infections to 900 as against 32,058 infections predicted by logistic model. Simulation of the same model predicts total infections of 6,092,642 by 9th of June more than half of state population in the absence of aforementioned interventions while by 11th of June 11,435,884 infections (state population). The results show COVID-19 positive cases are higher in the states with high population densities
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Geysbeek, Tim. "From Sasstown to Zaria: Tom Coffee and the Kru Origins of the Soudan Interior Mission, 1893–1895." Studies in World Christianity 24, no. 1 (April 2018): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2018.0204.
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This article 1 underscores the key role that Tom Coffee, an ethnic Kru migrant from Sasstown, Liberia, played in founding the Soudan Interior Mission (SIM). Coffee journeyed with Walter Gowans and Thomas Kent up into what is now northern Nigeria in 1894 to help establish SIM. Gowans and Kent died before they reached their destination, the walled city of Kano. SIM's other co-founder, Rowland Bingham, did not travel with his friends, and thus lived to tell his version of their story. By using materials written in the 1890s and secondary sources published more recently, this work provides new insights into SIM's first trip to Africa. The article begins by giving background information about the Kru and Sasstown and the impact that the Methodist Episcopal Church had on some of the people who lived in Sasstown after it established a mission there in 1889. Coffee's likely connection with the Methodist Church would have helped him understand the goal and strategy of his missionary employers. The article then discusses the journey Coffee and the two SIM missionaries took up into the hinterland. The fortitude that Coffee showed as he travelled into the interior reflects the ethos of his heritage and town of origin. Coffee represents just one of millions of indigenous peoples – the vast number whose stories are now not known – who worked alongside expatriate missionaries to establish Christianity around the world. It is fitting, during SIM's quasquicentennial, to tell this story about this African who helped the three North American missionaries establish SIM.
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Abdu, Aliyu, Raquel Duarte, Caroline Dickens, Therese Dix-Peek, Sunusi M. Bala, Babatunde Ademola, and Saraladevi Naicker. "High risk APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease among treatment naïve HIV patients at Kano, Nigeria." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): e0275949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275949.
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Introduction Racial disparities are known in the occurrence of kidney disease with excess risks found among people of African descent. Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene variants G1 and G2 are associated with kidney disease among HIV infected individuals of African descent in the USA as well as among black population in South Africa. We set out to investigate the prevalence of these high-risk variants and their effects on kidney disease among HIV infected patients in Northern Nigeria with hitherto limited information despite earlier reports of high population frequencies of these alleles from the Southern part of the country. Methods DNA samples obtained from the whole blood of 142 participants were genotyped for APOL1 G1 and G2 variants after initial baseline investigations including assessment of kidney function. Participants comprised 50 HIV positive patients with no evidence of kidney disease, 52 HIV negative individuals with no kidney disease and 40 HIV positive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) evidenced by persistent proteinuria and/or reduced eGFR, who also had a kidney biopsy. All the HIV positive patients were newly diagnosed and treatment naïve. Results The distribution of the APOL1 genotypes among the study participants revealed that 24.6% had a G1 risk allele and 19.0% a G2. The frequency of the High Risk Genotype (HRG) was 12.5% among those with CKD compared to 5.8% in the HIV negative group and zero in the HIV positive no CKD group. Having the HRG was associated with a higher odds for developing HIV Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) (2 vs 0 risk alleles: OR 10.83, 95% CI 1.38–84.52; P = 0.023; 2 vs 0 or 1 risk alleles: OR 5.5, 95% CI 0.83–36.29; P = 0.07). The HRG was also associated with higher odds for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (2 vs 0 risk alleles: OR 13.0, 95% CI 2.06–81.91; P = 0.006 and 2 vs 0 or 1 risk alleles: OR 9.0, 95%CI 1.62–50.12; P = 0.01) when compared to the control group. Conclusion This study showed a high population frequency of the individual risk alleles of the APOL1 gene with higher frequencies noted among HIV positive patients with kidney disease. There is high association with the presence of kidney disease and especially FSGS and HIVAN among treatment naive HIV patients carrying two copies of the HRG.
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Idris, H. Y., A. A. Muhammad, A. Aminu, F. A. Rufai, U. Atikat, A. I. Zakari, S. Musayyiba, and A. A. Sani. "Perceptions on Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Disease among Livestock Marketers at Wudil Cattle Market, Wudil, Kano." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8, no. 2a (June 21, 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v8i2a.2.
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African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) is a debilitating disease that hinders livestock productivity in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. Numerous strategies have been developed over time to fight this devastating disease, which are emphasized mostly on containing the spread of its causative agent and principal vector. However, very little has been done to include livestock marketers in decision making, planning and implementation of control programs. Therefore, this study was carried out to fill that void, by evaluating the knowledge of this group of people on Tsetsefly and Trypanosomosis in Wudil Cattle Market. Questionnaires were developed to collect relevant information, and were administered through ‘Standard Focus Group Discussions’. The results revealed that tsetse fly was known by all respondents (100%), who significantly reported that they were most commonly found in the forests (95%), during the wet season (85%). Respondents also reported that these flies prefer to bite animals (71.25%). Similarly, a majority of respondents (97.5%) reported to being cognizant of trypanosomosis disease, while also stating that it had infected their animals at some point in time. Respondents believed infection was most prevalent during the wet season (60%) than the dry season (40%). Respondents had mixed views when it came to perceived causes of the disease, as some associated it with bite from flies (53.75%), while others linked it to transhumance (38.75%). In terms of signs and symptoms, 80% of respondents were able to identify with at least four symptoms of the disease. In essence, this study further intensifies the need to engage livestock marketers in tsetse and trypanosomosis control programs, in addition to emphasizing the need to create awareness campaigns that can further limit the spread of the disease and ensure vector control.
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Cole, Jennifer. "Foreword: Collective Memory and the Politics of Reproduction in Africa." Africa 75, no. 1 (February 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2005.75.1.1.
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When Bamileke women in urban Cameroon give birth, older women often recall the ‘troubles’, the period between 1955 and 1974 when the UPC (Union des Populations du Cameroun) waged a battle of national independence, as a way of teaching their daughters about the hazards of reproduction and threats to Bamileke integrity as a people (Feldman-Savelsberget al.). Slightly to the north-west, in the Nigerian city of Kano, Igbo talk constantly about their memories of the Biafran war, using them to forge a sense of Igbo ethnic distinctiveness that reinforces patterns of patron-client relations critical to the maintenance of transregional connections (Smith), while further to the south many Yoruba are reassessing the meaning of the old practice of pawning children (Renne). Meanwhile in Botswana, where the AIDS epidemic exacts a high death toll, members of an Apostolic church create distinctive practices of remembering what caused a person's death. In so doing, they counter the attenuation of care and support that often occurs when people interpret death as due to illnesses transmitted through blood and improper sexual relations (Klaits). By contrast in a Samburu community in Kenya, the cultural practice ofntotoi, a complex board game, reproduces a male-dominated history of kinship, while systematically erasing a female narrative of adulterous births and forced infanticide. And among rural Beng in Côte d'Ivoire, beliefs and practices that structure infant care serve as an indirect critique of the violence of French colonialism and of its aftermath that continues to interfere in Beng lives in the form of high rates of infant mortality (Gottlieb). As these examples taken from this volume indicate, the papers gathered together in this special issue examine the complex and often contradictory ways in which the reproduction of memories shapes the social and biological reproduction of people.
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Đekić, Milica, and Gyula Mester. "COVID-19 as a scam challenge." Tehnika 76, no. 1 (2021): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2101115d.
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Any nature-related occurrence can be seen as a security threat as it puts under the risk the human lives, their well-being as well as the entire infrastructure. The natural disasters and pandemic events are by many classified as the threats and they can seriously make harm to the majority of people and their assets. In the practice, the recent pandemic occurrence such as the Ebola is recognized by the Interpol as a bio-terrorism. That illness has taken the lives to so many people in Africa and wider, but with the discovery of the vaccine the pandemic has been put under the control. Even now the similar situation is with the COVID-19 pandemic as such a biological threat is not fully manageable due to the lack of the immunization. However, there are some empirical indications suggesting that with the appearance of the critical situation so many people will show the solidarity and willingness to support those being in the need. On the other hand, not any appeal for a help will be honest and so many fraudsters can try to take advantage over the people's weaknesses. Those persons deal with the entire psychology of the victim and they can accurately choose the moment to attack and which strategy to use. Basically, what we talk about is the criminological challenge and it does not appear in the physical environment only but also in the cyberspace as the skillfully planned hacking operation. The reason why so many people get hooked with such a criminality is that the donations are symbolic, so the number of victims can increase as the majority will be willing to give the money away. In other words, so many victims will be in deception and the criminals will take only several dollars from each of them, so if the minority of the victims even report about such an event they will signalize that someone took the very small amount of the money from them and in such a case the punishment is so weak or even does not exist. The different schemes are present regarding the cybercrime as those criminal groups could try to avoid the severe punishment doing the camouflage in the virtual domain. Finally, the role of this effort is to provide a comprehensive insight into the challenges of such scams as well as analyze their impacts to communities.
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Sufiyan, Ibrahim, Umar Musa U, Muhammad K.D, Maryam A.A, and Dayyabu Babangida. "THE USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO ANALYSE PREVALENCE OF MALARIA PARASITE IN MINJIBIR, KANO STATE NIGERIA." INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND COMPUTER SCIENCE 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 06–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/imcs.01.2021.06.09.
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Malaria is one of the tropical diseases popularly known all over Africa. It is caused by the female Anopheles mosquitoes which transmit Plasmodium falciparum into human blood and result in high fever or sudden death. Based on this study, people from the less developed region have poor hygiene and sanitation that contributed to the spread of the vector causing malaria. In this study, geospatial techniques were applied to collect the samples, about 125 samples were collected. The GPS capture was employed using the satellite image to georeference the area study. The data obtained are of four types; the National Health Management Information System (NHMIS, National Malaria Elimination Programme; Malaria Health Product-Daily Consumption Register, Minjibir General Hospital (Federal Ministry of Health), Sample Field Survey (Questionnaire) and Kano State Contributory Healthcare Management Agency (KSCHMA). The results indicated that over 26.4% of children are vulnerable to malaria, 24.8% of infants and 24% of adults. The overall analysis of the 5 villages including minjibir Gari surveyed have 84% of people tested positive with plasmodium falciparum in their blood and a few over 16% were tested with a negative reaction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Karo (African people)"
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Steyn, Sarah Adriana. "Childhood: an Anthropological study of itinerancy and domestic fluidity amongst the Karretjie people of the South African Karoo." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4065.
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The Karretjie People, or Cart People are a peripatetic community and are descendants of the KhoeKhoen and San, the earliest inhabitants of the Karoo region in South Africa. As a landless and disempowered community they are dependent upon others for food and other basic necessities specifically, and other resources generally. Compared to children in South Africa generally, the Karretjie children are in every sense of the most severely deprived. Their fathers are by and large sheep-shearers, often their only specialised skill, and which is primarily required only on demand and on an irregular and/or seasonal basis. The children’s mothers as keepers of the karretjie (cart) overnight shack, with other adult caretakers, are without predictable income for most of the year. The service that the adult men deliver to the farming community necessitates continuous spatial mobility and is made possible by a cart and donkeys, which also enable them to adapt to changing circumstances. High levels of spatial mobility as well as economic demands on individual domestic units result in inventive utilisation of scarce resources and entails, amongst others, in children oscillating between different karretjie (cart) units.
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Lauche, Gerald. "The development of the “Sudan Pionier Mission” into a mission among the Nile-Nubians (1900-1966)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20031.
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This study deals with modern mission history in north eastern Africa. When the rigid Islamistic Mahdi regime in the Sudan was defeated by an Anglo-Egyptian army in 1898, H G Guinness and K Kumm came to Aswan and initiated the Sudan Pionier Mission (SPM) in 1900. The SPM had its spiritual roots in the Holiness Movement and became an interdenominational German-based faith mission. Although the SPM was started in Aswan to advance from there to the south to evangelize animistic people groups in the Eastern Sudan, the SPM actually consolidated its work in and around Aswan for internal and external reasons. Thus, the focus of the SPM shifted from an animistic to an Islamic audience with a special emphasis on the Nile-Nubians occupying the Nile valley between Aswan and Dongola. This study contributes generally to the historiography of the SPM between 1990 until 1966 and analyzes especially the development of the SPM into a mission among the Nile-Nubians during this period. The ethnic groups of the Nile-Nubians will be introduced and their historical, political, social, economic, linguistic and religious situation will be presented. This thesis further describes the topographical development of the SPM and its missiological approach. A special emphasis is given to the life story of the Kunuuzi Nubian convert Samu’iil Ali Hiseen (SAH-1863-1900) and his multifaceted contribution to the work of the SPM. SAH was the first Nubian evangelist in modern times and the major stakeholder of the Nubian vision. Neither the history of the SPM as “Nubian Mission” nor the life and work of SAH have been researched and presented before.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
D. Th. (Missiology)
Books on the topic "Karo (African people)"
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Institut français de recherche en Afrique., ed. Inter-ethnic relations in a Nigerian city: A historical perspective of the Hausa-Igbo conflicts in Kano, 1953-1991. Ibadan, Nigeria: IFRA, University of Ibadan, 1993.
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David, Morris, Rusch Neil, and Living Landscape Project, eds. Karoo rock engravings: Marking places in the landscape. Clanwilliam [South Africa]: Living Landscape Project, 2008.
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John, Parkington, ed. San rock engravings: Marking the Karoo landscape. Cape Town: Struik Travel & Heritage, 2010.
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Council, Population, ed. The Kano River Irrigation Project. West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press, 1985.
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Bako, Ahmed. Dambazawa in history: Their role in the political, religious and social lives of Kano, 1804-1992. [Nigeria?: s.n., 1992.
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Osaghae, Eghosa E. Trends in migrant political organizations in Nigeria: The Igbo in Kano. Ibadan, Nigeria: IFRA, 1994.
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Obii-Mbata, Rose Adaku. Alhaji Aado Bayero and the royal court of Kano. Kano, Nigeria: Capricorn 25, 1994.
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Obii-Mbata, Rose Adaku. Alhaji Ado Bayero and the Royal Court of Kano. Kano, Nigeria: Capricorn 25 Ltd., 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Karo (African people)"
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Barau, Aliyu, and Aliyu Sani Wada. "Do-It-Yourself Flood Risk Adaptation Strategies in the Neighborhoods of Kano City, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_190-1.
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AbstractThe urban poor in developing countries is hit hardest by climate-related extreme events such as flooding. Also, informal settlements lacking municipal support and immediate public response to flooding incur losses and thus exacerbate their sufferings. Left out or left alone, the vulnerable people from some parts of the ancient city of Kano develop their own efforts to protect themselves against the recurrent flood events. Hence, this chapter examines the nature of community-driven do-it-yourself (DIY) adaptation The data was collected through field-based surveys, interviews, and questionnaires to enable in-depth analysis of the problem from socioecological point of view. The results identified flood drivers to include the nature of surface topography, torrential rainfalls, lapses, and inadequacies in the availability of drainage infrastructure and human behavioral lapses in drainage management. On the other hand, the DIY adaptation manifests in the use of sandbags, de-siltation of drainage, construction of fences, and drainage diversions. It is important to highlight that DIY adaptation is a good strategy; however, municipal authorities must come to the aid of such communities and revisit the absence of urban planning by supporting them through capacity building to find more effective solutions to the challenges of the changing climate and environment.
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Barau, Aliyu, and Aliyu Sani Wada. "Do-It-Yourself Flood Risk Adaptation Strategies in the Neighborhoods of Kano City, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1353–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_190.
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AbstractThe urban poor in developing countries is hit hardest by climate-related extreme events such as flooding. Also, informal settlements lacking municipal support and immediate public response to flooding incur losses and thus exacerbate their sufferings. Left out or left alone, the vulnerable people from some parts of the ancient city of Kano develop their own efforts to protect themselves against the recurrent flood events. Hence, this chapter examines the nature of community-driven do-it-yourself (DIY) adaptation The data was collected through field-based surveys, interviews, and questionnaires to enable in-depth analysis of the problem from socioecological point of view. The results identified flood drivers to include the nature of surface topography, torrential rainfalls, lapses, and inadequacies in the availability of drainage infrastructure and human behavioral lapses in drainage management. On the other hand, the DIY adaptation manifests in the use of sandbags, de-siltation of drainage, construction of fences, and drainage diversions. It is important to highlight that DIY adaptation is a good strategy; however, municipal authorities must come to the aid of such communities and revisit the absence of urban planning by supporting them through capacity building to find more effective solutions to the challenges of the changing climate and environment.
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Runge, Jürgen, and Florence Sylvestre. "Obituaries: Karl W. Butzer (1934–2016) Françoise Gasse (1942–2014)." In The African Neogene – Climate, Environments and People, 1–8. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315161808-1.
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Abdulhamid, Adnan, and Aliyu Barau. "Water Crises in Urban-Rural Gradients of African Drylands." In Population Growth and Rapid Urbanization in the Developing World, 23–41. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0187-9.ch002.
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This chapter takes a critical look at the multiple dimensions of water crises in drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that urban water crises cannot be explained in isolation of rural areas many of which have competing water needs and are the locations for dams and other critical urban water infrastructure. It uses an example of Kano region – a hydrogeological and geopolitical region of over ten million inhabitants whose lives and livelihoods are vulnerable to climate change. The study draws upon a suite of methods comprising literature review, field-based measurements and observations of wells, as well as information retrieval from people managing wells and those directly affected by water scarcity. Results reveal that basement complex aquifer found mostly in Kano State is the most overexploited compared to Jigawa State's predominantly Chad formation system. It is evident that majority people in basement complex areas travel to a distance of 300-1000m in order to fetch water for their daily use. The current situation of current and future water crises in the region brings to the fore the role of technology, governance, and the need for active private sector participation in planning and management of water resources and services in dry land areas.
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Attir, Mustafa O., Mohamed Jouili, and Ricardo René Larémont. "Living with Uncertainty." In Mobility and Forced Displacement in the Middle East, 133–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531365.003.0007.
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Migration across the Sahara from the Sahel to North Africa is a longstanding practice. Its origins can be traced to 1500 BCE when three routes were established to traffic goods and people: the Ghadames road (from Gao in present Mali to Ghat, Ghadames, and Tripoli); the Garamantean road (from Kano and Lake Chad to Bilma, Murzuk, and then Tripoli); and the Oualata road (from what is now Mali to Sijilmasa in Morocco). Traffic increased significantly from the eighth to the seventeenth century CE when the principal commodities in trade were salt, gold, and slaves. These trading routes have continued to be used in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, with people and commodities in continuous movement from the south to the north and vice versa. These contemporary patterns of mobility are examined in this chapter. Migrants are arriving in Libya and Tunisia, for the most part, from the neighboring countries of Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, and Cameroon. Migrants from these countries frequently settle in Libya or Tunisia, or are engaged in circular migration between Libya and Tunisia and their home countries.
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Halliru, Salisu Lawal. "Climate Change Effects on Human Health with a Particular Focus on Vector-Borne Diseases and Malaria in Africa." In Examining the Role of Environmental Change on Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemics, 205–29. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0553-2.ch009.
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Malaria is currently affecting more people in the world than any other disease. On average, two members of each household suffered from malaria fever monthly, with females and children being most vulnerable to malaria attacks. This chapter assessed communities' perception about malaria epidemic, weather variable and climate change in metropolitan Kano. Information was extracted related to communities' perception about malaria epidemic and climate change. Socio demographic characteristics of respondents in the study areas were extracted and analyzed. 75% of the participants were males, while 25% were females, malaria disease affected 79.66% and 59.66% respondent perceived that heavy rainfall, floods and high temperature are better conditions to the breeding and spread of malaria vectors. Hospital records revealed that Month of March and April (2677 and 2464, respectively) has highest number of malaria cases recorded between December 2010 to June 2011. Further research is recommended for in-depth information from health officials related to raising awareness.
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Halliru, Salisu Lawal. "Climate Change Effects on Human Health with a Particular Focus on Vector-Borne Diseases and Malaria in Africa." In Natural Resources Management, 1075–93. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch051.
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Malaria is currently affecting more people in the world than any other disease. On average, two members of each household suffered from malaria fever monthly, with females and children being most vulnerable to malaria attacks. This chapter assessed communities' perception about malaria epidemic, weather variable and climate change in metropolitan Kano. Information was extracted related to communities' perception about malaria epidemic and climate change. Socio demographic characteristics of respondents in the study areas were extracted and analyzed. 75% of the participants were males, while 25% were females, malaria disease affected 79.66% and 59.66% respondent perceived that heavy rainfall, floods and high temperature are better conditions to the breeding and spread of malaria vectors. Hospital records revealed that Month of March and April (2677 and 2464, respectively) has highest number of malaria cases recorded between December 2010 to June 2011. Further research is recommended for in-depth information from health officials related to raising awareness.
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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "Dealing with Our Climate." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0012.
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We’re standing by the observatory at the top of the Telegrafenberg (Telegraph Hill) in the German city of Potsdam. The neoclassical building towers over its surroundings. The hill is situated in the former German Democratic Republic, close to the place where the Berlin Wall once stood. Through the slight haze, we can make out the contours of Berlin and the smoking chimneys of power stations. To our right is another hill, the Teufelsberg, with an American listening post as a relic of the cold war. Successive kaisers developed the Telegraph Hill in the nineteenth century, building a community of leading scientists there. Karl Schwarzschild used the telescope to produce his star catalog, the first in the world, while in the basement of the same building some 30 years earlier, Albert Michelson had studied light, measuring its speed and identifying certain inexplicable characteristics in the process. Albert Einstein worked here, too, basing his special theory of relativity on Michelson’s discoveries. “Fundamental natural phenomena have been isolated at this place,” says Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, which now occupies the brow of the Telegraph Hill. “For many years, scientists have withdrawn to the quiet of this hill to develop their ideas. My task today is to reverse that movement: Rather than isolating it, we want to bring knowledge together. And instead of withdrawing from the world, we have to engage with it—to make clear to people just where our climate is headed.” Schellnhuber has thrown himself into that task with considerable verve. He has been discussing scientific issues with German chancellor Angela Merkel, for instance. He knows that his climate message is a complex one, which is why Schellnhuber avoids statistically detailed predictions and focuses instead on a number of crucial “tipping points.” “How much change can the earth sustain? Can we afford to allow the West African monsoon to collapse? Or the Himalayan glaciers to melt away? Will we be able to preserve the ice in the Antarctic? What happens if the Amazon rainforest disappears?”
Reports on the topic "Karo (African people)"
1
Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.
Full textAbstract:
Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
2
Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.
Full textAbstract:
Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.