Relevant bibliographies by topics / Karoo

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Karoo'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Karoo"

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Duncan, G. D. "Five new species of Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae) from arid areas of Namibia and South Africa." Bothalia 27, no. 1 (October 7, 1997): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v27i1.648.

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Five new species of Lachenalia are described: L. aurioliae G.D.Duncan from the Little Karoo and Great Karoo, L. obscura Schltr. ex G.D.Duncan from Namaqualand, the Kamiesberg, the western Great Karoo and the Little Karoo, L. inconspicua G.D.Duncan from the Kamiesberg, western Bushmanland and southern Namaqualand, L. marlothii W.F.Barkerex G.D.Duncan from the Calvinia-Sutherland region of the western Great Karoo, and L. xerophila Schltr. ex G.D.Duncan from northwesternand central Namaqualand, and western Bushmanland.
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Hoffman, Louwrens, and Sara Erasmus. "Provenance in Sheep: The Karoo Lamb Story." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036188.

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Noted for its unique herbaceous flavour which is imbued from a diet of indigenous fragrant plants, Karoo lamb is marketed as one of South Africa’s finest meat products and enjoys Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status in South Africa and the European Union. Its distinct quality is imparted through natural grazing of the sheep on the Karoo veld that has a significant influence on the sensory and chemical profile of the meat. Descriptive sensory analysis, fatty acid analysis, solid-phase microextraction, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, portable near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry proved to be very successful analytical tools for the authentication of regionally unique lamb meat, distinguishing Karoo from Non-Karoo lamb. Characteristic volatiles, specifically terpenes, present in both the Karoo bushes and the Karoo lamb meat and fat were detected. The dominant terpenes were tentatively identified as α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene and trans-caryophyllene, and they were particularly prominent in the fat tissue. Within the Karoo, regional differences were apparent as Hantam Karoo lamb had the highest ratings for herbaceous aroma and flavour and contained the greatest concentration of terpenes. Herbaceous aroma and flavour attributes associated with a diet rich in fragrant Karoo plants were verified with stable isotope ratio analysis. The results confirm that Karoo bushes are responsible for the distinct aroma and flavour of Karoo lamb, thereby providing vital evidence for its certification and to justify the protection of its indicator status.
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Rubin, F., A. R. Palmer, and C. Tyson. "Patterns of endemism within the Karoo National Park, South Africa." Bothalia 31, no. 1 (September 17, 2001): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v31i1.510.

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A checklist of 864 plant taxa representing 355 genera and 93 families is given for the Karoo National Park. A total of 121 species are endemic to the Nama-Karoo, with Asteraceae the most common with 33 taxa. followed by Mesembryanthemaceae with 26 taxa. Phytochorological affinities indicate that 19.8% of the species are from the Nama- Karoo Biome only, another 19.8% are distributed over two biomes, and 41% of the species have a widespread distribution. The Karoo National Park conserves 30% of the recognized endemics of the Nama-Karoo Biome.
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Rubidge, Bruce, and John Hancox. "The Karoo Supergroup." Rocks & Minerals 77, no. 1 (February 2002): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2002.9926658.

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Gibbs Russell, G. E. "Preliminary floristic analysis of the major biomes in southern Africa." Bothalia 17, no. 2 (October 23, 1987): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v17i2.1038.

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Over 24 000 plant taxa are known to occur in the southern African flora, which is extraordinarily rich on a species/area basis. Lists of species and infraspecific taxa recorded for the six major biomes, Fynbos, Savanna,Grassland, Nama-Karoo, Succulent Karoo and Desert, were obtained from the PRECIS specimen database.These lists were analysed by numbers of unique and shared species and infraspecific taxa. by differential occurrence and life forms of large genera, and by differential occurrence of families. Each biome is floristically distinct except Nama-Karoo. The biomes form two main groupings, those with winter rainfall and those with summer rainfall. Succulent Karoo is most similar to Fynbos and Nama-Karoo is most similar to Savanna.
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Van Niekerk, PI. "God en armoede in die Karoo – ’n Besinning oor ’n teologie van transformasie." STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.17570/stj.2015.v1n1.a16.

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<strong>God and poverty in the Karoo – A reflection on a theology of transformation</strong> <br /> The Karoo is an outstretched arid area characterised by poverty and underdevelopment. This article focuses on the poverty of the Karoo people and the effect of their faith in God on social development and transformation. The future of the Karoo is vested in its people and religious communities. Previous research indicated that believers’ image of God had an effect on their attitude towards social development and transformation. A small sample of women in a Karoo town experienced God as loving, but not as a God that inspired people towards transformation. The test for the church lies in her social involvement in the world as its salvation is God’s concern. In Christian humanism the integrity of creation in a world filled with injustice and poverty is emphasised. Churches in the Karoo are encouraged to utilise a theology of transformation that is developmentally driven and inspired by a transforming image of God.
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van der Merwe, Melissa, Johann F. Kirsten, and Jacques H. Trienekens. "Enforcement mechanisms and governance structures to protect a region of origin lamb product." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-01-2019-0026.

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Purpose This paper aims to make an empirical contribution by investigating the enforcement mechanisms and governance structures required to protect and govern a regional food product when public certification fails. As one of the recent additions to South Africa’s repertoire of products with a designated origin, Karoo Lamb made for an interesting case study. Design/methodology/approach A conjoint analysis was conducted to elicit the farmers’ preferred enforcement mechanisms to protect the authenticity of the Karoo Lamb product. The investigation, furthermore, draws on survey data collected among 73 farmers, five abattoirs, two processors/packers and five retail outlets to evaluate the governance structures of the Karoo Lamb supply chain. Findings The results indicate that due to failed public certification that is governed by market-like structures, Karoo Lamb is better off being governed by hierarchical structures. These structures are expected to allow for a stronger focus on stricter enforcement mechanisms. Practical implications At the farm level, the Karoo Lamb supply chain requires better enforcement mechanisms to protect the unique attributes of origin and taste to ensure the authenticity of Karoo Lamb. This change towards stricter enforcement requires more hierarchical structures to allow for private or mutual enforcement mechanisms. Originality/value This paper contributes empirically to the governance structure knowledge base by analysing the enforcement mechanisms and governance structures needed to enforce and protect, the quality and origin standards of a region of origin product, Karoo Lamb, in South Africa.
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Hauptfleisch, Gaerin, and François Toerien. "Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees." South African Theatre Journal 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10137548.1996.9687653.

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van der Merwe, Melissa, Johann F. Kirsten, and Jacques H. Trienekens. "The Karoo Meat of Origin certification scheme: a silver bullet?" International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0106.

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The Karoo Meat of Origin certification scheme is the first certification scheme established to differentiate and protect a region of origin meat product in South Africa. Although this scheme has come a long way in protecting the value embedded in the name ‘Karoo’, many challenges and loopholes for non-compliance still exist. These challenges include opportunistic behaviour on the farmers’ side regarding the vulnerable free range claim as well as inconsistent supply and mismatched objectives of supply chain stakeholders. Because of these challenges the niche product has not yet come to its own. The purpose of this case study is threefold. Firstly, to understand the notion of Karoo Lamb as a geographical indication, and the subsequent establishment of the Karoo Meat of Origin certification scheme. Secondly, to identify and understand both the institutional and supply chain challenges that Karoo Lamb is faced with. Thirdly, to guide the certification scheme to evaluate their modus operandi for better regulation. Ultimately, the managerial decisions are expected to come full circle; if the certification scheme is better-managed consumers may be willing to pay higher premiums which might, in turn, convince farmers to become part of this prestigious certification scheme.
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Schmiedel, Ute, and Ladislav Mucina. "Vegetation of quartz fields in the Little Karoo, Tanqua Karoo and eastern Overberg (Western Cape Province, South Africa)." Phytocoenologia 36, no. 1 (March 20, 2006): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2006/0036-0001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Karoo"

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Phophe, Paulina Avhavhudzani. "Carbon sequestration in cultivated and uncultivated Vachellia karroo sites in Tankwa Karoo National Park." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8327.

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Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv and Cons Biol)
The Succulent Karoo Biome (SKB) in South Africa is widely reputed to house Earth’s greatest diversity of succulent plants. It is also famous for spectacular displays of annual flowers after good rains. The area experiences winter rainfall which infrequently exceeds 100 mm per annum but certain parts of the SKB can get 250 mm. Irrigated agriculture on a large scale was therefore not a viable option when European farmers began colonizing the land. The land was conquered from the indigenous Khoekhoe herders and San hunter-gatherers, South Africa’s first peoples. The biome underwent extreme transformation in the last 200 years following colonisation which resulted in homogenization of the landscape and extinction of many succulents thus reducing biodiversity.
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Oliver, Ian. "Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555906.

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Young, Adam Alexander. "Fracking into the Karoo economy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22863.

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With the potential for shale gas extraction in the Karoo region of South Africa, every effort must be undertaken to understand what the effects this transformative industry may have. This paper attempts to explore what effects the industry may have on "small" Karoo towns by creating a demographic and economic baseline for three towns in the region and compares this with a shale gas extraction future. This was grounded in sociological research based on the "Boomtown Model", which attempts to understand the effects extractive industries have on small towns. The thesis finds that small Karoo towns are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of the Boomtown Model, in light of their current profile which shows the rural economy has been declining for many years, which is coupled with a number of social issues that affect towns such as alcohol abuse and inter-personal violence. This paper concludes that a new shale gas industry will not benefit the residents of the Karoo unless a suitable policy framework is in place that ensures long term beneficiation and mitigates the environmental costs.
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Modie, Benson. "The palaeozoic palynostratigraphy of the Karoo supergroup and palynofacies insight into palaeoenvironmental interpretations, Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00312752.

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Late Carboniferous to Permian strata of the Lower Karoo sequence in the Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana, contains suitably preserved palynomorphs for biostratigraphic classifications. All taxa described from eight out of the nine coreholes sampled for the study comprise sixty-eight genera made of one hundred and sixty-five miospore species, eleven arcritarchs species, seven prasinophytes species, and 1 chlorophyte species. Two wellsampled coreholes, namely STRAT 1 and CKP6, have lacial facies, to warm and drier conditions during deposition of the lower Ecca sequences. Palaeoclimatic conditions ultimately turned wet during middle Ecca times generating coal-forming settings. Palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on palynofacies data indicate a predominantly proximal palaeo-depositional setting for the entire Lower Karoo sequence at STRAT 1 borehole. The broader depositional environment transformed from glacial sub-environments, during deposition of the Dwyka Group, into a relatively wider basin punctuated by some rare marine incursions, in the early Ecca Group, and ultimately developing into a deltaic system.
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Modie, Benson Ndadzila. "The paleozoïc palynostratigraphy of the Karoo supergroup and palynofacies insight into paleoenvironmental interpretations, Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2027.

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Les strates du carbonifère supérieur et Permien de la séquence du Karoo inférieur, dans le bassin du Karoo Kalahari au Botswana, se sont révélées riches en palynomorphes et favorables pour une étude palynostratigraphique. Neuf sondages ont été échantillonnés et l’analyse systématique à permis d’identifier cent soixante-cinq espèces de spores et pollens, onze espèces d’acritarches, sept espèces de prasinophycées et une espèce de chlorophycée. Sur la base de la distribution des espèces dans les sondages, STRAT 1 et CKP6, 3 zones d’intervalles (2 zones d’intervalles de concurrence et 1 zone d’intervalle de taxon) et 3 zones d’assemblages ont été définies. La section STRAT 1, riche en palynomorphes bien conservés, a été choisie comme section standard de référence. Par comparaison avec d’autres zonations régionales ou définies à l’échelle du Gondwana, les palynozones du sondage STRAT 1 indiquent des âges allant du Carbonifère supérieur (Kasimovien — Gzhelien) â la base du Permien supérieur (Roadien), pour les séries du Karoo inférieur dans le bassin du Karoo Kalahari. De grandes variations paléoclimatiques sont déduites de l’analyse qualitative, depuis des conditions froides â humides durant le dépôt des faciès glaciaires de la Formation Dwyka, à des conditions chaudes et sèches durant le dépôt correspondant à la partie inférieure de la Formation Ecca. Les conditions paléoclimatiques deviennent humides par la suite, dans la partie moyenne de la Formation Ecca, et sont responsables de la formation de charbons. Les interprétations paléoenvironnementales basées sur les palynofaciès, indiquent un mode de dépôt essentiellement proximal pour l’ensemble des séries du Karoo
Late Carboniferous to Permian strata of the Lower Karoo sequence in the Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana, contains suitably preserved palynomorphs for biostratigraphic classifications. Nine boreholes have been sampled for the study, and one hundred and sixty-five miospore species, eleven acritarchs species, seven prasinophytes species, and 1 chlorophyte species are described. On the basis of species ranges, in boreholes STRAT 1 and CKP8, three Range Zones (2 concurrent range zones and 1 taxon range zone) and three Assemblage Zones, for each section have been distinguished. STRAT 1, choose as reference section, has also been subdivided on the basis of palynofacies data generating stratigraphic marker horizons. Lithological comparisons with the palynozones reveal a younging of the Dwyka glacial fades to the southwest, from CKP6 to STRAT 1, representing the palaeo-trend in glacial migration. Age determination deduced from a comparison of the palynozones of STRAT I section, with other regional and Gondwana-wide zonation schemes indicate Late Carboniferous (Kasimovian — Gzhelian) to earliest Late Permian (Roadian) ages for the Lower Karoo sequence in the Kalahari Karoo Basin. Broad palaeoclimatic inferences from the qualitative analysis support a transition from cold and humid conditions, during deposition of the Dwyka glacial facies, to warm and drier conditions during deposition of the lower Ecca sequences. Palaeoclimatic conditions ultimately turned wet during middle Ecca times generating coal-forming settings. Palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on palynofacies data indicate a predominantly proximal palaeo-depositional setting for the entire Lower Karoo
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Moodley, Adam. "The sedimentary petrology of carbonate nodules in the Elliot Formation, Karoo Supergroup, main Karoo Basin (South Africa)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20345.

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In South Africa, fossils found in the upper part of the Elliot Formation (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup) are often associated with genetically poorly-constrained carbonate nodules. The origin of carbonate nodules i.e., pedogenic versus diagenetic, is important as pedogenic carbonate nodules can be used as palaeoclimate indicators, while diagenetic nodules carry limited palaeoclimatic information on the depositional setting. This research aims to characterize the carbonate nodules of the Elliot Formation macroscopically, petrographically and geochemically and to establish a diagnostic set of criteria to enable the differentiation between pedogenic and diagenetic nodules and/or diagenetic overprint. The research techniques employed in this study range from a) macroscopic field observations of the stratigraphic relationships of the nodules to the sedimentary features of the host rocks; b) sedimentary petrography of the textural features in the nodules; and c) X-ray diffraction for the assessment of the clay composition trapped within the nodules as compared to host rocks. Macroscopic field observations have shown that carbonate nodules found in the UEF are strongly associated with host rocks that contain pedogenic features such as root traces, burrows, colour mottling, and desiccation cracks, and thus are suggestive of ancient soils. However, the microscopic analysis of the nodules reveal no evidence for biological activities but rather a range of abiotic features such as septarian cracks, circumgranular cracks, and micronodules which are more likely have resulted from physicochemical processes that may have occurred during diagenesis. Clay minerals identified by X-ray diffraction include illite, muscovite, and montmorillonite confirm the generation of the sediments under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions.
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Nxantsiya, Zusakhe. "A study of the southwestern Karoo basin in South Africa using magnetic and gravity data." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4748.

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The early efforts of Booth, Johnson, Rubidge, Catuneanu, de Wit, Chevallier, Stankiewicz, Weckmann and many other scientists in studying the Karoo Supergroup has led to comprehensive documentation of the geology on the main Karoo Basin with regards to understanding the age, sedimentology, sedimentary facies and depositional environments. In spite of these studies, the subsurface structure, variations in thickness of various formations in large parts of the basin, the location and orientation of subsurface dolerite intrusions, and the depth to magnetic and gravity sources remains poorly documented. A geological study with the aid of geophysical techniques, magnetic and gravity, was conducted in the southwestern part of the main Karoo Basin. The objectives of the study were to construct numerous models of the main basin that image the crust to a depth of 45 km, to determine thicknesses of various formations, to relate observed geophysical anomalies with geological bodies and lineaments, to estimate the depth of existing anomalous bodies, to determine densities and porosity of various formations, as well as to determine the mineralogy of various rocks in the Karoo Basin.
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Miller, Sarah Jane. "Geochemistry of ferruginous clogging of Karoo wells." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4213.

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The main source of potable water in the Karoo is groundwater and thus any problems resulting from the abstraction of water or from diffifulties in abstractions of water are important. The iron clogging of screens, pumps and filter packs in supply wells is a worldwide problem and the consequences can be severe, leading to costly and harsh rehabilitation measures or even loss of the well. A study was undertaken in order to determine the chemistry and morphology of the precipitates found in relation to the water chemistry, in several wells in the Albertinia-Oudtshoorn-Calitzdorp area of South Africa.
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Witbooi, Bernadette M. (Bernadette Mary). "Potential of selected Karoo plant species for rehabilitation of old fields." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53012.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The passive recovery of old fields in the Karoo is a slow process, hampered by low and erratic rainfall, poor seed germination due to limited availability of suitable micro sites for seedling establishment, competition from existing vegetation, altered soil properties and the reduction of key soil biotic processes. The objectives of the study were to investigate the role of seed banks in the recovery of old fields, and to identify possible plant species and methods of establishing these species with the primary aim of initiating the process of succession / recovery of old fields in the Little Karoo. The investigation of the seed bank addressed the following issues: the resemblance of the seed bank to the above-ground vegetation in an old field and the effect of disturbance on the seed bank. Furthermore, the role of propaguie migration was investigated to establish possible propaguie movement from undisturbed to disturbed areas was investigated. The study indicated that the perennial seed bank had a 31 % similarity to the above ground vegetation in the old field. The seed bank was dominated by annual species. In the above-ground vegetation perennial canopy cover was higher compared to annual cover. The perennials with the highest densities in the soil seed bank were disturbance-adapted species with little importance for grazing animals except perhaps in the short-term. Disturbance caused annual densities to increase and perennial densities to decrease. The investigation of propaguie migration compared adult canopy cover and seedling densities. The results show that perennial distribution was patchy and that propaguie migration is low to non-existent. This led to the conclusion that old fields require supplemental seed additions. A total of seven species were assessed for their restoration potential. The species used in the investigation were Tripteris sinuata, Ruschia spinose, Drosanthemum speciosum, Indigofera sessifolia, Pteronia incana, Ehrharfa calycina and Chaetobromus dregeanus. Seed viability was examined using one of two techniques ie. tetrazolium or a standard germination technique. The optimal temperature for germination was determined using the following temperature regimes: 15°C day / 1DoC night, 20°C day /1 DoC night and 30°C day / 15°C night. The temperature range with the best performance was 20°C day / 1DoC night indicating that species should be sown in autumn or early winter. This timing coincides with the onset of rains in this region. The field trial investigated the influence that various mechanical cultivation techniques (ploughing, disking, tilling and clearing) and soil amendments (seed, seed+aquasorb and seed+straw+branches) have on the establishment of the selected species. Seed germination and seedling survival was monitored. The influence of treatments on water infiltration and soil moisture was investigated. Only four of the seven species germinated (Tripteris sinuata, Ehrharta calycina, Chaetobromus dregeanus and Pteronia incana). As far as species performance was concerned, T. sinuata performed best followed by E. calycina and C. dregeanus, while P. incana failed to persist. The cultivation treatments that yielded the best results were tilling, disking and ploughing. Emergence success in cleared and untreated plots was relatively low. As far as seedling emergence was concerned the most appropriate soil amendments were seed+aquasorb, seed and seed+straw+branches. Although soil moisture was higher on-heuweltjies than offheuweltjies there was no significant difference in seedling emergence and survival between these localities. Even though soil moisture was higher in seed+straw+branches treatment than in seed+aquasorb and seed treatments, seedling emergence in this treatment were lower than in the two latter treatments. This clearly indicates that soil moisture is not the only factor that influences the establishment of species. In the trial a mixture of late successional and pioneer species were sown, primarily with the aim of initiating the process of succession! recovery of old fields. Contrary to what was expected the late successional species germinated first. This has led to the conclusion that these late successional species have no innate dormancy, further proved by the inability of species to germinate after the second season. It could thus be that these late successional species have a short live span, and that they germinate when conditions are favourable. It must also be kept in mind that the seed sown were freshly harvested, and it could be that the pioneer species needed an after-ripening period before they germinated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die passiewe herstel van oulande in die Karoo is 'n tydrowende proses, wat vertraag word deur wisselvallige reënval, swak ontkieming as gevolg van 'n tekort aan geskikte mikro-habitatte vir saailingvestiging, kompetisie van bestaande plantegroei, veranderende grondeienskappe en die afname in sleutel biotiese prosesse. Die doel van hierdie studie was, om die rol van saadbank in die herstel van oulande te bepaal, sowel as om moontlike plantspesies te identifiseer en metodes van vestiging van hierdie spesies te bepaal met die primêre doelom die proses van suksessie / herstel van oulande in die Klein Karoo te inisieër. Met die saadbankstudie is die volgende punte aangespreek: die ooreenkoms tussen die meerjarige spesies in die saadbank en bogrondse plantegroei op ou lande, en die effek van versteuring op die saadbank. Verder is gekyk na die rol van voortplantingsmeganisme verspreiding om moontlike beweging vanaf onversteurde na versteurde areas te ondersoek. Die studie het aangedui dat daar 'n 31% ooreenkoms is tussen meerjarige spesies in die saadbank en die bogrondse plantegroei op ou lande areas. In die bogrondse plantegroei van die ou land was die kroonbedekking van meerjarige spesies hoër as die van eenjarige spesies. Die dominante meerjarige spesies in die saadbank was spesies wat aangepas is by versteurings, met min weidingswaarde, behalwe moontlik oor die kort termyn. Versteuring het In verhoging in eenjarige en In afname in meerjarige saailingdigthede veroorsaak. Resultate dui daarop dat meerjarige verspreiding onreëlmatig is in die versteurde area en dat die teenwoordigheid van voortplantingsmeganismes, baie laag is. Dit lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat oulande addisionele saad benodig vir hervestiging. 'n Totaal van sewe spesies is ge-evalueer vir hulle moontlike restorasie potensiaal. Die spesies wat in die ondersoek gebruik was, is Tripteris sinuata, Ruschia spinose, Orosanthemum speciosum, Indigofera sessitolie. Pteronia incana, Ehrharta calycina en Chaetobromus dregeanus. Die kiemkragtigheid van die spesies is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van een van twee tegnieke nl. die tetrazolium of 'n standaard ontkiemings tegniek. Die optimale temperature vir ontkieming is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van die volgende temperatuurreekse: 15°e dag / 1Qoe nag, 200e dag /10oe nag and 300e dag / 15°e nag. Die temperatuur reeks waarop spesies die beste presteer het, was 2DOC dag /1DOC nag. Dit dui daarop dat spesies tydens herfs en vroeë winter gesaai moet word. Dit is dan ook die tydperk vir die aanvangs van die reënseisoen in hierdie streek. In die veldproef is gekyk na die invloed van verskeie meganiese bewerkings - tegnieke (ploeg, dis, ghrop en plant verwydering) en grondverbeterings behandelings (saad, saad+aquasorb en saad+strooi+takke), op die vestiging van geselekteerde spesies. Saadontkieming en saailingoorlewing is gemonitor. Die invloed van die behandelings op waterinfiltrasie en grondvog is ook ondersoek. Slegs vier van die sewe spesies het ontkiem naamlik: Tripteris sinuata, Ehrharfa calycina, Chaetobromus dregeanus en Pteronia incana. Spesies wat die beste presteer het, was T. sinuata die gevolg deur E. calycina en C. dregeanus, terwyl P. incana nie oorleef het nie. Die bewerkingsbehandelings wat die beste vestiging van plante gegee het, was die ghrop en disbewerkings gevolg deur ploegbewerking. Ontkiemings sukses in areas waar plante verwyder is en onbehandelde persele was relatief laag. Die grondverbeterings behandeling wat die beste ontkieming gelewer het was saad+aquasorb gevolg deur saad en saad+strooi+takke. Alhoewel grondvog hoër was op heuweltjies as weg van heuweltjies, was daar geen betekenisvolle verskil in ontkieming en oorlewing tussen hierdie lokaliteite nie. Alhoewel grondvog hoër was in saad+strooi+takke behandelings as in saad+aquasorb en saad behandelings was ontkieming laer in hierdie behandeling as in die saad+aquasorb en saad behandelings. Dit dui dus daarop dat grondvog nie die enigste faktor is wat die vestiging van spesies beinvloed nie. In die veldproef is 'n mengsel van pionier en klimaks spesies gesaai, met die primêre doelom die proses van suksessie/herstel van oulande te inisieër. In teenstelling met wat verwag is het die meer klimaks spesies eerste ontkiem. Dit het gelei tot die gevolgtrekking dat hierdie spesies geen dormansie het nie, en dit is verder bewys deur 'n onvermoë om te ontkiem in die tweede seisoen. Dit mag wees dat die meer klimaks spesies 'n kort lewensduur het, en dat hulle ontkiem wanneer toestande gunstig is. Dit moet ingedagte gehou word dat die saad vars geoes was, en dit kon dus wees dat die pionier spesies 'n na-rypwordings periode benodig voordat hulle ontkiem.
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Segwabe, Tebogo. "The geological framework and depositional environments of the coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005567.

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The investigation of the geological history (i.e., stratigraphy and sedimentology) and the dynamics of coal depositional environments, in particular, the forces responsible for changes in the accommodation space (e.g., subsidence vs. sedimentation rates) in the Permian coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin (Botswana) revealed new details about the depositional processes and environments. Detailed review of the temporal and spatial stratigraphic variation of the coal-bearing Ecca Group successions via the analysis of facies changes based on core descriptions, gamma logs, field observations and palaeo-current measurements, lead to the identification of two main informal stratigraphic units, namely the Basal and Upper Units. The Basal Unit is characterised by an upward-coarsening succession, and it is interpreted as a product of a progradational deltaic setting (i.e., regressive deltaic cycle). This is followed by five sequences of fining-upward successions of sandstones and siltstones in the Upper Unit, interpreted as deposits of distributary channels (the basal arenaceous member) capped by finer argillaceous sequences of the deltaic floodplains (the upper coal-bearing member). The Upper Unit thus is interpreted as a delta plain facies association which was formed during transgressive phases when conditions for coal-quality peat accumulation (e.g., high water table) were present and the available accommodation space was partly controlled by tectonic uplift (repeated?) at basin margins. Limited palaeo-current analysis indicates deposition by channels flowing from the east, south-east and north-east. The lack of good quality exposures hampers the reconstruction of the plan form of the channel patterns. However, the little available evidence indicates a high-energy fluvio-deltaic system with irregular discharge and a high proportion of bedload sediments. Coal-seam thickness in the upper coal-bearing member reflect the complex control of the geological processes associated with and following peat formation, such as differential compaction of the underlying lithology, and the erosive or protective nature of the immediately overlying lithology.
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Books on the topic "Karoo"

1

Steve, Tesich. Karoo. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1998.

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Tonder, Jan Van. The Little Karoo = Die Klein Karoo. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 1998.

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Deal, Jonathan. Timeless Karoo. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 2007.

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Heerden, Etienne Van. Haai Karoo. Kaapstad: Tafelberg, 2012.

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Karoo boy. London: Duckworth, 2005.

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Blacklaws, Troy. Karoo boy. Cape Town [South Africa]: Double Storey, 2004.

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Newton, Lara Foot. Karoo moose. London [England]: Oberon Books, 2009.

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Karoo moose. London [England]: Oberon Books, 2009.

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Karoo boy. Paris: Flammarion, 2006.

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Karoo boy. Orlando, Fla: Harcourt, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Karoo"

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Cox, K. G. "The Karoo Province." In Petrology and Structural Geology, 239–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7805-9_7.

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Chapman, Michael. "Schreiner's Karoo, Blackburn's Jo'burg." In On Literary Attachment in South Africa, 43–60. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003176237-3.

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Walter, Heinrich, and Siegmar-W. Breckle. "The Karoo in South Africa." In Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere, 316–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06812-0_28.

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Ananthaswamy, Anil. "Dreitausend Augen in der Karoo." In Reisen an die Grenzen der Physik, 177–217. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2871-4_6.

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Keilbach, Jörg, and Frank Schulze-Engler. "Smith, Pauline: The Little Karoo." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21669-1.

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Unrug, Raphael. "Tectonic Position of Karoo Basalts, Western Zambia." In Gondwana Six: Structure, Tectonics, and Geophysics, 319–22. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm040p0319.

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Marsh, J. S., P. R. Hooper, John J. Rehacek, R. A. Duncan, and A. R. Duncan. "Stratigraphy and Age of Karoo Basalts of Lesotho and Implications for Correlations Within the Karoo Igneous Province." In Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism, 247–72. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm100p0247.

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de Wit, Maarten J. "Organic Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup." In Origin and Evolution of the Cape Mountains and Karoo Basin, 169–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40859-0_17.

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Grab, Stefan. "Sandstone Landforms of the Karoo Basin: Naturally Sculpted Rock." In World Geomorphological Landscapes, 11–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03560-4_2.

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Visser, J. N. J. "Episodic Palaeozoic Glaciation in the Cape-Karoo Basin, South Africa." In Glaciology and Quaternary Geology, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7823-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Karoo"

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Lindeque, A. S., T. Ryberg, J. Stankiewicz, M. H. Weber, and M. J. de Wit. "The Agulhas-Karoo Transect Seismic Reflection Profile: Revealing Secrets Under the Southern Karoo Basin of South Africa." In 10th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.146.7.5.

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Luttinen, Arto, Jussi Heinonen, Sanni Turunen, Richard W. Carlson, and Mary Horan. "Zoned Mantle Source of Karoo Flood Basalts." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1664.

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Wiid, Pieter Gideon, Howard Charles Reader, and Riana Helena Geschke. "Karoo Array Telescope: Lightning protection issues and RFI." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6050740.

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Baiyegunhi, Christopher, Oswald Gwavava, Kuiwu Liu, and Temitope L. Oloniniyi. "An integrated geophysical approach to mapping and modeling the Karoo dolerite intrusions in the southeastern Karoo Basin of South Africa." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2018-2986275.1.

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Duyverman, Henk J., and Emma Msaky. "Shale Oil and Gas in East Africa (Esp.Tanzania) with New Ideas on Reserves and Possible Synergies with Renewables." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2603293-ms.

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Short Abstract Shale oil and gas in East Africa, with new ideas on reserves and possible synergies with renewables Shale oil and gas production have lately revolutionized the oil and gas industry as a real "game-changer", especially in the US. This has prompted many companies and governments to search for these unconventionals with successes in the UK, Poland and Argentina. These unconventionals do often occur onshore in places, where there is no conventional hydrocarbon production, thus enabling the local government or companies to have a new energy source, which is especially valid in Onshore East Africa. New drilling technologies, which combine shale and geothermal drilling/production, are now being developed. Now it is possible to drill/produce both unconventionals and geothermal from a single well.Gas and oil could be produced from the central pipe, and hot water from the outer tubing, thereby reducing development cost for both methods. In Tanzania a study was performed to look at unconventional oil and gas resources in sedimentary basins. A lot of data on Karoo geology, maturity, TOC's and volumetrics will be presented. In general, one needs a thick sedimentary basin with a lot of shales, good maturity and TOC values, and a fairly unfaulted basin to prevent seismicity when fracking. In East Africa and Southern Africa at large only the Karoo sediments of Permian/Triassic age are a suitable candidate for large shale oil/gas reserves. The possible large Karoo shale gas development in South Africa is a good example. A large heavy oilfield at surface in Madagascar proves an oil source in the Karoo. In S.Kenya and also on Pemba oil shows are known, with a unknown Pre-Jurassic source. Preliminary resource calculations in Tanzania indicate possible resources in place of 50-200 Tcf of gas for the Selous basin, comparable in size with the South-African Karoo Basin. The depth of the source rocks make gas the most likely hydrocarbon phase. One has to note that calculating unconventional resources is much more complicated than with conventional resources, since the adsorbed gas (or oil) needs to be calculated from core or log analyses. An onshore well could also text the synergies with geothermal drilling. Recently, TPDC in Tanzania has started a new evaluation, based on new mapping, rock analyses and maturity studies, into the shale oil and gas potential. Altogether, shale gas (or oil) could be an interesting incentive for onshore Tanzania and East Africa at large.
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Mayhew-Ridgers, G., and P. A. van Jaarsveld. "Reducing cellular interference in the Karoo Radio-Astronomy Reserve." In 2012 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2012.6328668.

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Otto, A. J., H. C. Reader, and R. G. Marchand. "Complex permittivity measurements of Karoo soil for the Square Kilometre Array." In Propagation in Wireless Communications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2011.6046323.

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C. Ferreira, J., and A. Akinlua. "Source Rock Potential of the Lower Ecca Group, Tanqua Karoo Basin." In 11th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.241.ferreira_abstract.

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Manzi, M., and R. J. Durrheim. "Reflection Seismic Applications in Coalbed Methane Exploration - Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413241.

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Ferre, Eric C., John Geissman, and Julian S. Marsh. "REGIONAL MAGMA FLOW IN SILLS OF THE KAROO LIP, SOUTH AFRICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338578.

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Reports on the topic "Karoo"

1

Bruce S. Rubidge, Bruce S. Rubidge. Palaeontological field exploration in the South African Karoo. Experiment, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/12850.

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Francesco, Petruccione,, Gastrow, Michael, Hadzic, Senka, Limpitlaw, Justine, Paul, Babu Sena, Wolhuter, Riaan, and Kies, Carl. Evaluation of Alternative Telecommunication Technologies for the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Area. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0073.

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The National Research Foundation (NRF) requested the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), on behalf of South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), to undertake an independent and objective evaluation of potential alternative telecommunication technologies for the areas of the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Areas (KCAAA). The study encompasses regulatory, public sphere, and technical dimensions to explore options for maintaining the functionality of the telescope while, at the same time, delivering appropriate connectivity solutions for local communities.The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) Assess the technologies currently being, or planning to be, deployed through existing alternative communications programs managed by SARAO, including whether these technologies are comparable with market available technologies that could feasibly be deployed in the KCAAA; and 2) Assessment of current and future telecommunication technologies that may act as suitable replacement and/or improvement (functional and feasible) for existing detrimental technologies, utilised in the KCAAA. This report provides a critical background into the relationship between the SKA and local communities as it relates to ICTs in the area. Based on this understanding, potential technology solutions are proposed to ensure residents of the KCAAA are still afforded valuable access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) within the parameters of affordability, desirability and feasibility.
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Meyer, Sarah. Analysis and evaluation of ecological restoration experiments in the Succulent Karoo (South Africa). BEE-Press, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/thesis.diplom.005.

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