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Journal articles on the topic 'Karoo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Duncan, G. D. "Five new species of Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae) from arid areas of Namibia and South Africa." Bothalia 27, no. 1 (October 7, 1997): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v27i1.648.

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Five new species of Lachenalia are described: L. aurioliae G.D.Duncan from the Little Karoo and Great Karoo, L. obscura Schltr. ex G.D.Duncan from Namaqualand, the Kamiesberg, the western Great Karoo and the Little Karoo, L. inconspicua G.D.Duncan from the Kamiesberg, western Bushmanland and southern Namaqualand, L. marlothii W.F.Barkerex G.D.Duncan from the Calvinia-Sutherland region of the western Great Karoo, and L. xerophila Schltr. ex G.D.Duncan from northwesternand central Namaqualand, and western Bushmanland.

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2

Hoffman, Louwrens, and Sara Erasmus. "Provenance in Sheep: The Karoo Lamb Story." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036188.

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Noted for its unique herbaceous flavour which is imbued from a diet of indigenous fragrant plants, Karoo lamb is marketed as one of South Africa’s finest meat products and enjoys Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status in South Africa and the European Union. Its distinct quality is imparted through natural grazing of the sheep on the Karoo veld that has a significant influence on the sensory and chemical profile of the meat. Descriptive sensory analysis, fatty acid analysis, solid-phase microextraction, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, portable near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry proved to be very successful analytical tools for the authentication of regionally unique lamb meat, distinguishing Karoo from Non-Karoo lamb. Characteristic volatiles, specifically terpenes, present in both the Karoo bushes and the Karoo lamb meat and fat were detected. The dominant terpenes were tentatively identified as α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene and trans-caryophyllene, and they were particularly prominent in the fat tissue. Within the Karoo, regional differences were apparent as Hantam Karoo lamb had the highest ratings for herbaceous aroma and flavour and contained the greatest concentration of terpenes. Herbaceous aroma and flavour attributes associated with a diet rich in fragrant Karoo plants were verified with stable isotope ratio analysis. The results confirm that Karoo bushes are responsible for the distinct aroma and flavour of Karoo lamb, thereby providing vital evidence for its certification and to justify the protection of its indicator status.

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3

Rubin, F., A. R. Palmer, and C. Tyson. "Patterns of endemism within the Karoo National Park, South Africa." Bothalia 31, no. 1 (September 17, 2001): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v31i1.510.

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A checklist of 864 plant taxa representing 355 genera and 93 families is given for the Karoo National Park. A total of 121 species are endemic to the Nama-Karoo, with Asteraceae the most common with 33 taxa. followed by Mesembryanthemaceae with 26 taxa. Phytochorological affinities indicate that 19.8% of the species are from the Nama- Karoo Biome only, another 19.8% are distributed over two biomes, and 41% of the species have a widespread distribution. The Karoo National Park conserves 30% of the recognized endemics of the Nama-Karoo Biome.

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Rubidge, Bruce, and John Hancox. "The Karoo Supergroup." Rocks & Minerals 77, no. 1 (February 2002): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2002.9926658.

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5

Gibbs Russell, G. E. "Preliminary floristic analysis of the major biomes in southern Africa." Bothalia 17, no. 2 (October 23, 1987): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v17i2.1038.

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Over 24 000 plant taxa are known to occur in the southern African flora, which is extraordinarily rich on a species/area basis. Lists of species and infraspecific taxa recorded for the six major biomes, Fynbos, Savanna,Grassland, Nama-Karoo, Succulent Karoo and Desert, were obtained from the PRECIS specimen database.These lists were analysed by numbers of unique and shared species and infraspecific taxa. by differential occurrence and life forms of large genera, and by differential occurrence of families. Each biome is floristically distinct except Nama-Karoo. The biomes form two main groupings, those with winter rainfall and those with summer rainfall. Succulent Karoo is most similar to Fynbos and Nama-Karoo is most similar to Savanna.

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6

Van Niekerk, PI. "God en armoede in die Karoo – ’n Besinning oor ’n teologie van transformasie." STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.17570/stj.2015.v1n1.a16.

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<strong>God and poverty in the Karoo – A reflection on a theology of transformation</strong> <br /> The Karoo is an outstretched arid area characterised by poverty and underdevelopment. This article focuses on the poverty of the Karoo people and the effect of their faith in God on social development and transformation. The future of the Karoo is vested in its people and religious communities. Previous research indicated that believers’ image of God had an effect on their attitude towards social development and transformation. A small sample of women in a Karoo town experienced God as loving, but not as a God that inspired people towards transformation. The test for the church lies in her social involvement in the world as its salvation is God’s concern. In Christian humanism the integrity of creation in a world filled with injustice and poverty is emphasised. Churches in the Karoo are encouraged to utilise a theology of transformation that is developmentally driven and inspired by a transforming image of God.

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7

van der Merwe, Melissa, Johann F. Kirsten, and Jacques H. Trienekens. "Enforcement mechanisms and governance structures to protect a region of origin lamb product." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-01-2019-0026.

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Purpose This paper aims to make an empirical contribution by investigating the enforcement mechanisms and governance structures required to protect and govern a regional food product when public certification fails. As one of the recent additions to South Africa’s repertoire of products with a designated origin, Karoo Lamb made for an interesting case study. Design/methodology/approach A conjoint analysis was conducted to elicit the farmers’ preferred enforcement mechanisms to protect the authenticity of the Karoo Lamb product. The investigation, furthermore, draws on survey data collected among 73 farmers, five abattoirs, two processors/packers and five retail outlets to evaluate the governance structures of the Karoo Lamb supply chain. Findings The results indicate that due to failed public certification that is governed by market-like structures, Karoo Lamb is better off being governed by hierarchical structures. These structures are expected to allow for a stronger focus on stricter enforcement mechanisms. Practical implications At the farm level, the Karoo Lamb supply chain requires better enforcement mechanisms to protect the unique attributes of origin and taste to ensure the authenticity of Karoo Lamb. This change towards stricter enforcement requires more hierarchical structures to allow for private or mutual enforcement mechanisms. Originality/value This paper contributes empirically to the governance structure knowledge base by analysing the enforcement mechanisms and governance structures needed to enforce and protect, the quality and origin standards of a region of origin product, Karoo Lamb, in South Africa.

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8

Hauptfleisch, Gaerin, and François Toerien. "Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees." South African Theatre Journal 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10137548.1996.9687653.

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9

van der Merwe, Melissa, Johann F. Kirsten, and Jacques H. Trienekens. "The Karoo Meat of Origin certification scheme: a silver bullet?" International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0106.

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The Karoo Meat of Origin certification scheme is the first certification scheme established to differentiate and protect a region of origin meat product in South Africa. Although this scheme has come a long way in protecting the value embedded in the name ‘Karoo’, many challenges and loopholes for non-compliance still exist. These challenges include opportunistic behaviour on the farmers’ side regarding the vulnerable free range claim as well as inconsistent supply and mismatched objectives of supply chain stakeholders. Because of these challenges the niche product has not yet come to its own. The purpose of this case study is threefold. Firstly, to understand the notion of Karoo Lamb as a geographical indication, and the subsequent establishment of the Karoo Meat of Origin certification scheme. Secondly, to identify and understand both the institutional and supply chain challenges that Karoo Lamb is faced with. Thirdly, to guide the certification scheme to evaluate their modus operandi for better regulation. Ultimately, the managerial decisions are expected to come full circle; if the certification scheme is better-managed consumers may be willing to pay higher premiums which might, in turn, convince farmers to become part of this prestigious certification scheme.

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10

Schmiedel, Ute, and Ladislav Mucina. "Vegetation of quartz fields in the Little Karoo, Tanqua Karoo and eastern Overberg (Western Cape Province, South Africa)." Phytocoenologia 36, no. 1 (March 20, 2006): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2006/0036-0001.

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11

Hill, Trevor, and Etienne Nel. "Population change in the Karoo." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 35, no. 3-4 (November 22, 2018): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1529705.

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12

Roth, Rogan. "Karoo veld: Ecology and management,." South African Journal of Botany 72, no. 4 (November 2006): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2006.06.005.

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13

Kerley, G. I. H. "Browsing byLepus capensisin the Karoo." South African Journal of Zoology 25, no. 3 (January 1990): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1990.11448212.

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14

SHAW, JESSICA M., ANDREW R. JENKINS, DAVID G. ALLAN, and PETER G. RYAN. "Population size and trends of Ludwig’s Bustard Neotis ludwigii and other large terrestrial birds in the Karoo, South Africa." Bird Conservation International 26, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000458.

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SummaryLudwig’s Bustard Neotis ludwigii is globally ‘Endangered’ because of a projected population decline resulting from high collision mortality on power lines throughout its southern African range. Population monitoring is key to the effective conservation of threatened species, but there are no population trend data to confirm the impact of this mortality. We repeated extensive road and aerial census counts of Ludwig’s Bustards and other large terrestrial birds, previously conducted in the late 1980s, across the Karoo, South Africa. An aerial survey gave similar density patterns to a concurrent road count, suggesting that road counts are an adequate method for censusing Ludwig’s Bustards. In common with the 1980s surveys, there was a strong seasonal effect in the Succulent Karoo, with Ludwig’s Bustards abundant in winter and rare in summer. There was no evidence of a corresponding decline in the Nama Karoo in winter, but this probably relates to reduced detectability in the Nama Karoo in summer as there is evidence for large proportions of the population migrating between biomes. No relationship was found between the numbers of Ludwig’s Bustards and rainfall, perhaps because of larger scale rainfall patterns in the Karoo and/or because the species is not strictly nomadic. Compared with the 1980s, Ludwig’s Bustards were more strongly associated with transformed lands, which have increased marginally on road count transects. Using Distance, the current South African population is estimated at 114,000 (95% CI 87,000-148,000) birds, with no evidence for a population decline over the past two decades. Numbers of Blue Cranes Anthropoides paradiseus increased since the 1980s, corresponding with other data supporting this trend, but numbers of Karoo Korhaan Eupodotis vigorsii, Southern Black Korhaan Afrotis afra and Blue Korhaan E. caerulescens all decreased, raising concerns about the conservation status of these resident bustard species.

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Coetzee, A., and A. F. M. Kisters. "Spatial variations of sills and implications for magma dispersal across the Karoo basin." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0035.

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Abstract Dolerite sill complexes of the Karoo Large Igneous Province (ca. 183 Ma) show systematic variations in emplacement style and size throughout the Karoo basin. These variations are explained in terms of three main, interrelated factors, namely the overburden thickness or emplacement depth, variations in host rock rigidities as a result of sedimentary facies changes in the Karoo basin, and proximity to magma feeders. In the northern parts of the thinner (<500 m) and more coarse-clastic Karoo stratigraphy, sills intrude preferentially below more rigid sandstone horizons that acted as stress barriers causing the arrest of magma ascent and lateral spreading below sandstone beds. The low overburden promotes roof uplift above sills and associated brittle faulting can initiate the formation of inclined sheets that limits the lateral propagation path of inner sills. Roof uplift is further promoted by the proximity to magma feeders in the basement and resulting variations in magma pressure that control the spreading rate and inflation of sills. Localised dyke networks spaced at regular intervals and rooted in underlying sills reflect the stretching of roof rocks above inflating sills. The combination of these effects results in relatively small (<10 km) diameters of sills in the northern parts of the basin. Sills emplaced at intermediate depths (ca. 700 m) in the central Karoo basin are marked by larger diameters (>30 km) and thicknesses of up to 100 m. This reflects the higher overburden pressures and the delay of roof failure and subsequent formation of inclined sheets. Dyke networks in the roof of these sills become more irregular and non-systematic at these greater depths. At even greater depths of up to 2 km in the southern parts of the Karoo basin, mega-sills reach diameters of 50 to 80 km, but thicknesses of only up to 35 m. Thick shale-rich sequences in the southern Karoo basin facilitate sill emplacement through internal host-rock deformation and ductile flow. The thicker overburden and different host rock rigidity delay or suppress roof failure and formation of inclined sheet, thus allowing for the lateral propagation of sills. The deeper-seated sills are typically not associated with local dyke networks.

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16

Duncan, G. "Five new species of Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae) from arid areas of Namibia and South Africa." Bothalia 28, no. 2 (October 6, 1998): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v28i2.630.

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Five new species of Lachenalia are described: L. nutans G.D.Duncan from southwestern Namibia, L. attenuata W.F.Barker ex G.D Duncan from the Roggeveld Plateau. Little Karoo and southern Cape; L doleritica G.D.Duncan from the Bokkeveld Plateau; L lactosa G.D.Duncan from the Lowland Fvnbos of the Hermanus District, and L leipoldtii G D Duncan from the Olifants River Valley and Little Karoo

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17

Bordy, E. M., S. Spelman, D. I. Cole, and P. Mthembi. "Lithostratigraphy of the Pietermaritzburg Formation (Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 120, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.2.293.

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Abstract The Lower Permian Pietermaritzburg Formation is a mudrock-dominated, upward-coarsening stratigraphic unit in the lower Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) in the northeastern part of the main Karoo Basin of South Africa. The formation extends over most of the KwaZulu-Natal Province, and due to its lithology and the local climate, it is usually poorly exposed; hence the description is mainly based on borehole records. From a measured thickness of about 430 m south of the type area around Pietermaritzburg, the formation thins progressively northwards and pinches out against the Dwyka Group and pre-Karoo basement north of latitude 26° 30' S. This Lower Permian formation is considered a stratigraphic equivalent of the Prince Albert Formation in the southern part of the main Karoo Basin. The Pietermaritzburg Formation only preserves scattered, fragmentary plant fossil and invertebrate trace fossils, which are diagnostic of marine conditions (e.g. Helminthopsis). Based on its sedimentary facies characteristics and ichnofossil assemblages, the unit was probably deposited under low energy conditions on a northerly shallowing marine shelf that initially experienced deepening (during a major Artinskian transgression) and then shallowing in the early Kungurian.

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18

Bordy, Emese M., Tebogo Segwabe, and Bonno Makuke. "Sedimentology of the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic (?) Mosolotsane Formation (Karoo Supergroup), Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Journal of African Earth Sciences 58, no. 1 (August 2010): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.02.006.

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19

Luttinen, Arto V. "Chapter 2.3 Dronning Maud Land Jurassic volcanism: volcanology and petrology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 157–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-89.

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AbstractThe Jurassic igneous rocks of Dronning Maud Land represent Karoo flood basalt magmatism in Antarctica. Fifty years of research has documented systematic differences between magmas associated with the Karoo rift-zone (Vestfjella and Ahlmannryggen) and the rift-shoulder (Sembberget, Kirwanveggen) settings. The 189–182 Ma rift-zone tholeiites were chemically diverse and mainly formed compound-braided flow fields which record several magnetic polarity reversals. In contrast, thec.181 Ma rift-shoulder tholeiites were chemically uniform and formed thick tabular sheet lavas within a single normal polarity period. The volcanic architecture records a long initial phase of slow eruptions from shield volcanoes in the initial rift and a brief phase of voluminous fissure eruptions flooding the rift shoulder. All of the major magma types in the rift-zone and rift-shoulder settings belong to a Nb-depleted category of Karoo flood basalts and were mainly derived from depleted convective upper mantle by magmatic differentiation. Pyroxenite-rich mantle components may have been significant sources for the most enriched magma types. Geochemical fingerprints of recycled crustal material imply that the Nb-depleted Karoo tholeiites may have been derived from mildly subduction-modified parts of the same overall upper-mantle reservoir which has been associated with the Ferrar tholeiites.

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Rubidge, B. S., and M. O. Day. "Biostratigraphy of the Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0010.

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Abstract The middle Permian Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone is the lowermost biozone of the Beaufort Group (Adelaide Subgroup, Karoo Supergroup) and occurs in the southwestern part of the main Karoo Basin. It is host to a diverse assemblage of basal therapsid genera of which Eodicynodon is the most abundant. The biozone reaches a maximum thickness of 1 100 m in the Prince Albert Road area and thins to the east and west. The biozone corresponds to the Combrinkskraal and Grootfontein members of the Abrahamskraal Formation, directly overlies the Waterford Formation of the Ecca Group, and records the earliest middle Permian terrestrial environments of Gondwana. Rocks of the biozone were deposited along the southern shoreline of the Karoo Basin in a subaerial delta plain environment as part of large-scale fan systems draining to the north and northeast within a second-order highstand systems tract.

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21

Nayrou, Félicie. "Karoo, la répression jusqu'à la mort." Revue française de psychosomatique 44, no. 2 (2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfps.044.0061.

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22

Toit, Pierre C. V. Du. "Karoobush Defoliation in the Arid Karoo." Journal of Range Management 49, no. 2 (March 1996): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4002677.

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23

Warren, Anne. "Karoo tupilakosaurid: a relict from Gondwana." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 89, no. 3 (1998): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007094.

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AbstractA new temnospondyl, Thabanchuia oomie gen. et sp. nov., is described from three skulls and associated postcranial elements from the Early Triassic Lystrosaurus Zone of South Africa. T. oomie is the best-preserved member of the Tupilakosauridae, a temnospondyl taxon previously known only from disarticulated material from Russia and Greenland, but shown here to include Kourerpeton bradyi, an articulated specimen with no locality data but presumed to be from North America. Tupilakosaurids are the only Mesozoic survivors of the dvinosaurian radiation, the sister group to the archegosaurs of the Permian plus the stereospondyl clade. It is postulated that their occurrence in Russia, Greenland and North America represents a reinvasion from Gondwana, where they survived the Late Permian extinctions along with the stem of the stereospondyl clade. T. oomie is probably immature but, like other members of the dvinosaurian clade, was fully aquatic, had ossified ceratobranchials and most likely an increased number of vertebrae and reduced limbs. Like Tupilakosaurus, T. oomie had diplospondylous centra.

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Brown, Chris. "The Karoo: Ecological Patterns and Processes." African Zoology 36, no. 1 (April 2001): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2001.11657127.

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25

Froneman, Willemien. "A Review of “Karoo Kitaar Blues”." Journal of Musical Arts in Africa 7, no. 1 (December 2010): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/18121004.2010.576462.

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26

Skinner, J. D. "The Karoo: Ecological Patterns and Processes." African Journal of Ecology 38, no. 4 (December 2000): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00222.x.

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27

Sweeney, R. J., T. J. Falloon, D. H. Green, and Y. Tatsumi. "The mantle origins of Karoo picrites." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 107, no. 2 (November 1991): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(91)90075-s.

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28

Mouat, David A. "THE KAROO: DRIVEN BY PAST PROCESSES?" Global Ecology and Biogeography 9, no. 6 (November 2000): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00111.x.

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29

Duncan, G. D. "Four new species and one new subspecies of Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae) from arid areas of South Africa." Bothalia 26, no. 1 (October 8, 1996): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v26i1.682.

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Four new species of Lachenalia are described: L. karooica W.F.Barker ex G.D.Duncan from the Great Karoo and southwestern Free State, L. perryae G.D.Duncan from the Little Karoo and southern Cape, as well as L neilii W.F.Barker ex G.D.Duncan and L. alba W.F.Barker ex G.D.Duncan, both from the Nieuwoudtville-Calvinia District of the Northern Cape. In addition, a newsubspecies, L. marginata W.F.Barker subsp. neglecta Schltr. ex G.D.Duncan is described from the Western Cape.

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Harnifa, Harnifa, Haeurn Ana, and La Niampe. "NILAI-NILAI SOSIAL YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM UNGKAPAN KASUNGKI PADA MASYARAKAT MUNA DESA KAROO KECAMATAN KONTUKOWUNA." Jurnal Bastra (Bahasa dan Sastra) 5, no. 2 (May 5, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jb.v5i2.13985.

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Abstract : The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the social values contained in the Kasungki expression in the Muna Community of Karoo Village, Kontukowuna District. This research is a field research. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study are data in the form of spoken language which is spoken directly by parents (customary stakeholders). Sources of data in this study were obtained from customary and indigenous stakeholders in Karoo Village, Kontukowuna District. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interview, record, and note taking techniques. The results in this study were obtained from the social values contained in the expression of kasungki in the Muna Village Karoo community, Kontukowuna District which includes 1. cooperation, 2. care for the fate of others, 3. like to pray for others. Keywords: kasungki; value; social value

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31

Bittrich, V. "AIZOACEAE." Bothalia 20, no. 2 (October 17, 1990): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v20i2.924.

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Rourke, J. P. "PROTEACEAE." Bothalia 27, no. 1 (October 7, 1997): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v27i1.658.

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33

Viglietti, P. A., B. W. McPhee, E. M. Bordy, L. Sciscio, P. M. Barrett, R. B. J. Benson, S. Wills, F. Tolchard, and J. N. Choiniere. "Biostratigraphy of the Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0017.

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Abstract The Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone (SAZ) is the oldest fossil tetrapod biozone of the Stormberg Group (Karoo Supergroup) and preserves the oldest dinosaur bearing deposits in the Karoo Basin. The SAZ represents a revision of the ‘Euskelosaurus’ Range Zone, whose taxonomic basis has been undermined because ‘Euskelosaurus’ is well demonstrated to be a nomen dubium. Recent qualitative and quantitative investigations into the biostratigraphy of the Elliot and Clarens formations have resulted in the ﬁrst biostratigraphic review of all lower Elliot Formation (lEF) taxa in nearly 40 years. Thus, we replace the ‘Euskelosaurus’ Range Zone with a new biostratigraphic assemblage zone, the Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone (SAZ). Named after the traversodontid cynodont Scalenodontoides macrodontes, which co-occurs with the sauropodomorphs Blikanasaurus cromptoni and Melanorosaurus readi. The SAZ is currently accepted to range in age between the upper Norian and Rhaetian. Our new biozone, which reaches a maximum thickness of ~200 m, is wholly contained within the lower Elliot Formation (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup).

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34

Lubke, R. A., D. A. Everard, and Shirley Jackson. "The biomes of the eastern Cape with emphasis on their conservation." Bothalia 16, no. 2 (October 28, 1986): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v16i2.1099.

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The four major phytochoria of southern Africa, the Cape. Tongoland-Pondoland. Karoo-Namib and Afromontane regions, converge in the complex transition zone of the eastern Cape. The area is rich in species and communities with a complex vegetation in which are represented all the major vegetation formations of southern Africa — Cape Fynbos. Cape Transitional Shrublands, Subtropical Thicket. Karoo, Savanna, Afromontane Forest, Grasslands and Littoral Strand Vegetation. Our results support previous findings that, although species-rich and of great diversity, the flora has fewer endemics (205 or 5,6%) than the Cape (73%) or Karoo-Namib (35%). The communities with the largest proportion of endemics (30%), and threatened plants (18%) are those of the Subtropical Thicket. On the basis of these data and an index of conserv ation status, the Subtropical Thicket was determined to be highest on the priority list for conservation in the eastern Cape. Subtropical Thicket is being cleared at an increasing rate and is most vulnerable due to changing farming practice.

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35

Fellingham, A. C. "A new serotinous species of Cliffortia L. (Rosaceae) from Northern Cape, South Africa and section Arboreae emended." Bothalia 33, no. 1 (September 12, 2003): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v33i1.431.

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A new species. Cliffortia dichotoma Fellingham. from the Oorlogskloof Escarpment, near Nieuwoudtville. Northern Cape, is described and compared to its closest allies in the genus. Cliffortia arborea Marloth. which is widespread along he escarpment of the Great Karoo from Calvinia in the north to Beaufort West in the southeast, and C. conifera E.G.H.OIiv. Fellingham from the Anysberg near Laingsburg. further east in the Karoo. The description of the section Arboreae is emended here to include the new species, and the description of C. aborea is corrected.

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36

Chesselet, P., S. Hammer, and I. Oliver. "MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE." Bothalia 33, no. 2 (September 9, 2003): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v33i2.448.

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37

Fourie, L. J., O. B. Kok, and J. M. van Zyl. "Spatial distribution of the Karoo paralysis tickIxodes rubicundus (Acari: Ixodidae) within a false upper Karoo veld type." Experimental & Applied Acarology 11, no. 1 (April 1991): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01193727.

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38

Wopfner, H., and C. Z. Kaaya. "Stratigraphy and morphotectonics of Karoo deposits of the northern Selous Basin, Tanzania." Geological Magazine 128, no. 4 (July 1991): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800017593.

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AbstractLate Permian Karoo deposits of the northern Selous Basin in south-central Tanzania comprise conglomerates and diamictitic boulder beds of alluvial and scarp-foot fan origin. These merge with grey to greenish sandstones, siltstones and black shales of deltaic and lacustrine environments. Microflora assemblages indicate a late Permian age. Lateral changes and interfingering of various lithofacies units are common. Depositional development was controlled by syndepositional faulting and variations of gradients resulting from fault movements. The position of the fault scarp separating the basin area from the elevated basement horst to the west roughly corresponded with the present boundary between the Selous Basin and the Precambrian metamorphics of the Uluguru Mountains.The late Permian Karoo succession of this part of the Selous Basin apparently overlaps older Karoo deposits contained in the north-northeast trending narrow graben structures. It is therefore regarded as a new depositional event which was initiated by renewed tensional tectonism in late Permian time. During this tectonic episode the narrow early Karoo graben structures were expanded into much broader rift basins. Material eroded from the rift shoulders and associated highlands was literally dumped across the fault scarps, forming debris aprons and scarp-foot fans. Rivers emanating from the highlands formed large alluvial fans and, further afield, deltas issued into freshwater lakes.Some of these late Permian faults were rejuvenated by late Cretaceous to early Tertiary tectonism. Thermal waters circulating along fractures converted feldspars, biotites and hornblendes to prehnite. Further tectonic adjustments in mid Tertiary time led to the present-day morphology.

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39

Bezuidenhout, L. J., M. Doucouré, V. Wagener, M. de Wit, A. Mordret, T. Lecocq, and F. Brenguier. "Rayleigh group velocity extraction from ambient seismic noise to map the south Eastern Cape Karoo region, South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.3.341.

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Abstract The Karoo region of South Africa is an ideal laboratory to use ambient seismic signals to map the shallow subsurface, as it is a quiet and pristine environment with a geology that is relatively well known. Ambient seismic signals were continuously recorded for a ten week period between August and October 2015. The ambient seismic noise network consisted of two groups of 17 temporary, stand-alone seismic stations each. These were installed in the southeastern Cape Karoo region, near the town of Jansenville. Here we present data on the retrieval and coherency of Rayleigh surface waves extracted from the vertical component recordings. We reconstruct and show, for the first time in the southeastern Cape Karoo, estimates of Green's function from cross-correlating ambient noise data between stations pairs, which can be successfully used to image the subsurface. The stacked cross-correlations between all station pairs show clear arrivals of the Rayleigh surface waves. The group velocities of the Rayleigh waves in the 3 to 7 seconds period range were picked and inverted to compute the 2-D group velocity maps. The resulting 2-D group velocity maps at different periods resulted in a group velocity model from approximately 2 to 7 km depth, which shows a high velocity anomaly in the north of the study area, most likely imaging the denser, thick sedimentary basin of the Karoo (Carboniferous-Permian). To the south, the low velocity anomaly could correspond to the overlying Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary sequences of the younger Algoa Basin (Uitenhage Group).

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40

Benson, Mary. "Encounters with Fugard: Native of the Karoo." Twentieth Century Literature 39, no. 4 (1993): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/441579.

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41

Meadows, M. E. "John Acocks and the expanding Karoo hypothesis." South African Journal of Botany 69, no. 1 (March 2003): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30360-4.

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Van Tonder, J. H., and B. E. Van Wyk. "Chemical variation in selected Karoo medicinal plants." South African Journal of Botany 73, no. 2 (April 2007): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.02.135.

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BAUER, AARON M. "NEW REPTILE RECORDS FOR THE LITTLE KAROO." Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 39, no. 1 (October 1991): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04416651.1991.9650296.

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44

Yeaton, R. I., and K. J. Esler. "The dynamics of a succulent karoo vegetation." Vegetatio 88, no. 2 (August 1990): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00044827.

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Venter, J. C. "A drought assessment model for Karoo rangeland." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 19, no. 2 (January 2002): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2002.10634445.

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46

Catuneanu, O., H. Wopfner, P. G. Eriksson, B. Cairncross, B. S. Rubidge, R. M. H. Smith, and P. J. Hancox. "The Karoo basins of south-central Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 43, no. 1-3 (October 2005): 211–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.007.

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Ellam, R. M., and K. G. Cox. "A proterozoic mantle isochron from Karoo picrites." Chemical Geology 70, no. 1-2 (August 1988): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90315-4.

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Franchi, Fulvio, Tebogo Kelepile, Andrea Di Capua, Mike C. J. De Wit, Onalethata Kemiso, Reneilwe Lasarwe, and Octavian Catuneanu. "Lithostratigraphy, sedimentary petrography and geochemistry of the Upper Karoo Supergroup in the Central Kalahari Karoo Sub-Basin, Botswana." Journal of African Earth Sciences 173 (January 2021): 104025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.104025.

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Manning, J. C., and J. S. Boatwright. "Thymelaeaceae." Bothalia 43, no. 1 (January 13, 2013): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v43i1.112.

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CISNEROS, JUAN CARLOS, MICHAEL O. DAY, JACO GROENEWALD, and BRUCE S. RUBIDGE. "SMALL FOOTPRINTS EXPAND MIDDLE PERMIAN AMPHIBIAN DIVERSITY IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN KAROO." PALAIOS 35, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2018.098.

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ABSTRACT Two new tetrapod trackways are described from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the South African Karoo Basin. We interpret both to be traces attributable to small anamniote tetrapods. The larger footprints are tentatively referred to aff. Batrachichnus salamandroides. These imprints are distinguished from other records of Batrachichnus by a pentadactyl pes that produces only impressions of digits III–V. Digits I and II are recognized only by their drag marks. This trace occurs in association with a second set of footprints of uncertain affinities. However, these smaller imprints are not sufficiently well preserved and could represent undertracks or partially eroded footprints. None of the footprints can be attributed to the adult forms of the two temnospondyl taxa known from the Guadalupian part of the Karoo Basin: Rhinesuchus whaitsi or Rhinesuchoides tenuiceps. We interpret the aff. Batrachichnus trackway to have been produced by a small, adult temnospondyl or microsaur (Recumbirostrae), whereas the smaller set of footprints was likely made by a juvenile rhinesuchid or an unknown amphibian, either a paedomorphic form or a tiny adult form. The discovery shows that a more diverse aquatic biota existed at this time in the Karoo than osteological records currently suggest.

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