Academic literature on the topic 'Kashmiri literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Kashmiri literature"
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Ali, Salman, Ummer Awais, and Summia Masood. "The Narrative of Oppression and Struggle Among the Women of Kashmir: A Subaltern Study of Behold, I Shine by Freny Manecksha." Global Sociological Review IX, no. I (March 30, 2024): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2024(ix-i).12.
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Kashmiri literature highlights the major themes of oppression and the continuous struggle by Kashmiris in their cause for independence. Millions of Kashmiris have suffered from human rights violations by Indian troops. Among them, the most disturbed are women and children. This paper focuses on the narratives of Kashmiri women and how they spend their lives in Indian-occupied Kashmir while highlighting the theoretical underpinning of female subalterns. In which women are suppressed, oppressed, and kept voiceless among their people. In Kashmir, women have been raped, assaulted, and marginalized by Indian troops and to lower their voices they are given the amount of ex gratia which acts as a bandage to heal the wounds. The paper will explore how Indian troops have colonized the land how they have been treating women in Kashmir, and what role women play in their call for azadi.
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Mughal, Muhammad Ismail, and Dr Shafiq Jullandhry. "Kashmir conflict and Indian Press: A Literature Review." Volume-04 Issue-2 04, no. 02 (September 30, 2020): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v04-i02-16.
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A multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society of Indian state is ill informed about multifaceted reality of Kashmir conflict due to mediated and fabricated information conveyed through national media. Kashmiris perceive national media as biased and hiding public sentiments which further alienated Kashmiri public to the Indian state and nationalism. Little available literature on media portrayal of Kashmir only discussed Pak-India hostility, peace and war journalism or propaganda. This research is about the coverage of Kashmir conflict by Indian Press. Research proceeding reveals that there is little research studies directed toward this subject. This article review the published research work by academics and media professional collected through websites, research journal archives and catalogues. This research will guide researchers and media practitioners involved in the reportage of Kashmir conflict.
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Muhammad Sheeraz, Muhammad Awais Bin Wasi,. "“THE STRATEGY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF RESISTANCE IN A CONTEMPORARY KASHMIRI NOVEL IN URDU”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2070.
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The sociopolitical milieu of post-1989 Kashmir heavily influenced the creative imagination. Multiple literary narratives have recounted the everyday life in Kashmir which is often seen as South Asia’s nuclear flash point.Severalliterary works have also been brought out in the Urdu language. In this paper, drawing uponBarbara Harlow’s framework of resistance literature and Jeanette Lawrence and Agnes Dodds’s theorization of the psychology of resistance, we argue that Nayeema Ahmad Mehoor’s Urdu novelDahshat Zadiis an example of Kashmiri resistance literature.Thepaper is also an attempt to understand how the contemporary Kashmiri writing in Urdu is linked with the broader resistance movement in Kashmir. Reconciling the representative strategy of resistance literature, as proposed by Harlow and others, with those employed by a Kashmiri writer, the study suggests that the patterns and purposes of resistance are often similar across the linguistic and geographical divides.
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Tilwani, Shouket Ahmad. "Narrative Ideology and Repercussions: Representation of the Kashmir Conflict in Modern Literature." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 7 (December 29, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n7p346.
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The research aims to explore the Kashmir conflict that has fractured the lives of the Kashmiri people. In the current times, the Kashmir conflict has been remarkably engaging literate circles all over the world. The conflict has been in the news worldwide for the last three decades because it may cause modern-day warfare betweenIndia, Pakistan, and China. Hence, people all over the world want to know about the situation in the region. The historical, sociological, and moral approaches by Wilbur Stewart Scott are used to grasp the context of the selected novelsThe Collaborator (2012) and Book of Gold Leaves (2015). Mirza Waheed, as an eyewitness, sketched the novels on the sufferings of Kashmiris, engaging daily with a god of death because of the conflictual situation. This situation has been routined since the invasion and occupation of the land by the three nuclear armament-holding neighbors, India, Pakistan, and China, immediately after the emancipation of the first two from their British colonial masters in 1947. The political scenario of Jammu and Kashmir became murkier in 1988 and onwards when India intensified its military operations to quell the armed resistance movement for “Azadi” (freedom) of land. The modern Kashmiri literature roots out the sentiment of freedom; India gave impunity to any draconian tactics in the name of rules that justified any inhuman treatment of custodial killing, torture, rape, etc. As a result, more than three lac women are dead, approximately 10000 are missing, and thousands are languishing in jails.
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Mohammad Hussain Rangraz. "Imprints Of Biographical Literature In History And Memoirisms Written In Kashmir." MAIRAJ 2, no. 1 (July 17, 2023): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/mairaj.v2i1.15.
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Biographical literature and memoirs play a significant role in shaping our understanding of history. They provide valuable insights into the lives and experiences of individuals, shedding light on the social, cultural, and political contexts of a particular time and place. This holds true for any region, including Kashmir.In the context of Kashmir, biographical literature and memoirs offer glimpses into the lives of notable individuals, their struggles, achievements, and contributions to the region's history. These accounts can range from political figures and leaders to artists, scholars, and everyday people who have made an impact on Kashmiri society. One prominent example of biographical literature in Kashmir is the "Rajatarangini" (The River of Kings), written by Kalhana in the 12th century. It is a historical chronicle of the Kashmir region, encompassing the lives and reigns of various kings and rulers. While not strictly a memoir, it provides valuable biographical information about the rulers and their achievements. In addition to historical chronicles, there are personal memoirs written by individuals from Kashmir. These memoirs offer personal accounts of their lives, experiences, and the socio-political climate they witnessed. They provide insights into the lived realities of people in Kashmir and can help us understand the impact of various historical events and conflicts on individuals and communities.Overall, biographical literature and memoirs contribute to the collective memory and understanding of Kashmir's history, allowing us to explore the human dimension of historical events and gain a deeper appreciation for the diverse perspectives and experiences within the region.
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Khan, Munejah. "The Discourse of Power/The Power of Discourse." Proverbium 40 (July 16, 2023): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29162/pv.40.1.352.
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The Valley of Kashmir has a rich Folklore and folk literature is an integral part of Kashmiri Culture. Folkloristics maintains that the message conveyed through folklore may appear simple but it is intertwined with complexities. This paper attempts to study the folklore of Kashmir through an analysis of Kashmiri proverbs to uncover the simple/complex message transmitted through proverbs. The endeavour is to highlight how folklore is informed by Power relations and how the conception of Power interlaces the content, milieu and purpose of folklore. Michel Foucault traces the role of discourse underlying seemingly neutral context of speech, representation and knowledge. Along with Foucault’s concept of discourse, insights from feminist theory have also been employed to expose the discourse of patriarchy, religion and authority in Kashmiri folk literature. The study investigates the power structure inherent in the proverbs of Kashmir and attempts to unravel how discourse constructs unequal power relations. The attempt is to illustrate how power abuse is enacted, reproduced and legitimized.
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Dong, Lan. "Drawing childhood in conflict: Malik Sajad’s Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir." Studies in Comics 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/stic_00050_1.
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Influenced by Art Spiegelman and Joe Sacco, Kashmiri artist Malik Sajad’s graphic narrative Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir calls the reader’s attention to the ongoing conflict in Kashmir, a South Asian region controlled by India, Pakistan and China since the 1940s. Using the hangul elk (an engendered species) to represent Kashmiris while portraying others as human characters, Sajad’s deliberate choice visually sets Kashmiris apart from the rest of the world. This article examines how the main character’s development from a boy with intermittent schooling to a cartoonist with political awareness is interlaced with the escalating violence in Kashmir from the early 1990s to the 2010s. In particular, it discusses how Sajad’s book presents massacres, curfews, crackdowns, mass graves and cover-ups as normalcy in Kashmiri daily life, how it experiments the conventions of comics, interrupts the temporal and spatial arrangements of the panels and creates gaps in the visual and verbal narratives often without foreshadowing or explanations and how it presents history as experiences lived instead of knowledge learned. Sajad’s graphic narrative does not provide a solution and ‘frustrates a reader looking for closure’. The closing panel visualizes Munnu disappearing into the all-encompassing darkness with only a flashlight guiding his way. Filling in the blanks of the ‘K-word’, the story comes to a stop without a sense of conclusion or a direction for the future, thus prompting the reader to contemplate the status of Kashmiris who have been left in a political limbo for decades and continue to be ‘endangered’.
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Khushu-Lahiri, Rajyashree. "Europeans on Kashmir:." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v3i1.387.
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This paper proposes to study the enabling impact of the Western translation of Kashmiri folklore on the Kashmiri literature and culture. It will contest the popular and largely valid perception that the translation of Indian literary texts into English by the British colonizers was an Orientalist enterprise and had a definite agenda which was to give the Western readers a feel of the Indian mystique and to enable the colonizers to administer India. Further, the Western translators had a patronizing/colonizing attitude to the source language text that according to them was being ‘improved’ by translation. This paper will contend that Kashmiri literature (oral as well as written) has gained immensely by the interventions of the western translators of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Scholars like J. Hinton Knowles, Aurel Stein and George Grierson have played a pioneering and seminal role in documenting and perpetuating the folk literature of Kashmir. Their interest in this enterprise was purely academic and to date, the folktales translated by J. Hinton Knowles and Aurel Stein are considered to be standard and the starting point of any study of Kashmiri folklore.
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Bhat, Abdul Manan. "Future’s Moving Terrains." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782054.
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Abstract This essay shows how the Islamic Persianate poetic tradition is a critical conceptual resource for imagining futures in which poetry is a technology of congregation through which futures are postulated, negotiated, and lived. The essay engages the multilingual poetic milieu of Kashmir (Urdu, Persian, and Kashmiri) in the first half of the twentieth century, offering an inaugural analysis of the itinerant nature of Persian, Urdu, and Kashmiri poetry in relation to the form of ghazal and its consequences for future making. Kashmiri poets and critics, in poetry as well as prose, made prominent contributions to the literary and political debates about the purposes and potentialities of poetry as a socially aware public form in an anti-imperial context, a theme that animated multiple Urdu and Persian literary circles from the 1930s.
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Zehra, Ifsha. "Notes on Kashmiri Visualities." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782077.
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Abstract This essay explores the various modes of visualities and visual production in Kashmir. It begins with mapping the existing state visualities that use hypervisibilization, victimization, criminalization, and depoliticization as modalities to represent Kashmir. In recent years, long-standing counternarratives to these representations have met with increasing repression, engendering a visual stagnancy. Earlier, countervisuals by photojournalists confronted state visualities by directing the gaze toward Kashmiri bodies. This essay argues that the repeated production and circulation of these realistic images have also reached a point of visual fatigue. At this juncture of a seeming visual impossibility, the essay proposes creative configurations and visual imaginaries through artistic visioning as a means to continue the work of visual production.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kashmiri literature"
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Bhat, Javaid Iqbal. "Romance, Freedom and Despair: Mapping the Continuities and Discontinuities in the Kashmir English Novel." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1459246248.
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Farkhondeh, Iris. "Représentations des femmes dans la littérature sanskrite du Cachemire (VIIIe-XIIe siècles)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA140.
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La thèse présente une typologie raisonnée des personnages féminins qui apparaissent dans un corpus de quatre œuvres littéraires rédigées en sanskrit au Cachemire entre le VIIIe et le XIIe siècles : le Kuṭṭanī-mata de Dāmodaragupta, la Samaya-mātṛkā de Kṣemendra, le Kathā-sarit-sāgara de Somadeva et la Rāja-taraṅgiṇī de Kalhaṇa. Les représentations littéraires donnent à voir un large spectre de comportements et de statuts féminins. Si la conduite de certaines femmes correspond aux attentes des textes normatifs, d’autres sont tout à fait inattendues et atypiques, des aventurières parfois pittoresques déviant parfois franchement de la norme. Entre ces deux extrêmes, les personnages féminins font plus ou moins preuve d’initiative et usent à des degrés divers de leurs marges de manœuvre et de leur pouvoir de décision. Si les auteurs sont des hommes, qui souscrivent à l’essentiel des normes sociales brahmaniques, leur point de vue sur les femmes n’est pourtant pas univoque. Non seulement le traitement des personnages féminins peut varier en fonction des auteurs mais il varie aussi au sein d’une même œuvre en fonction du contexte. La lecture des œuvres du corpus permet de délimiter ce qui, dans les textes normatifs, apparaît comme essentiel concernant le mariage et le rapport entre époux. Elle conduit également à pondérer certaines des assertions des textes normatifs au sujet des femmes, tandis que la lecture croisée des sources permet d’apprécier l’intégration dans les textes normatifs de certaines pratiques que leurs auteurs ont été amenés à prendre en compte. Enfin, la question se pose de savoir dans quelle mesure les belles lettres du Cachemire de l’époque dépeignent la société contemporaine de leur rédaction. La critique des pratiques tantriques notamment dans les œuvres satiriques de Kṣemendra – mais aussi dans la Rāja-taraṅgiṇī – est bien la preuve que la réalité contemporaine trouve sa place dans les œuvres littéraires du corpus. L’étude d’un ensemble d’œuvres dont on sait qu’elles ont été rédigées dans une région et une époque donnée – chose suffisamment rare dans le cas des lettres indiennes pour être appréciée – présente un grand avantage. Elle souligne la différence de traitement des personnages féminins en fonction des auteurs, du type de texte littéraire (satires, recueil de contes, chroniques) et de l’auditoire auquel le texte était destiné, ces différences au sein du corpus ne pouvant s’expliquer par des différences régionalesThis thesis presents an explanatory typology of the female characters who feature in the corpus of four Sanskrit literary works written in Kashmir between the 8th and 12th centuries : Dāmodaragupta’s Kuṭṭanī-mata, Kṣemendra’s Samaya-mātṛkā, Somadeva’s Kathā-sarit-sāgara, and Kalhaṇa’s Rāja-taraṅgiṇī. A large spectrum of female behaviors and status appears here in literary representation. While the behavior of some female characters corresponds to the expectations of the legal texts, that of others can seem surprising and atypical: risk-taking women, sometimes pittoresque, clearly deviate from the norm. Between these two extremes, the female characters are more or less prone to take the initiative and to various degrees to take advantage of whatever space they have to manoeuver in, and to take benefit of whatever decision-making power they might have. While the authors are men who subscribe to the essential core of Brahmanic social norms, their point of view on women is, however, ambiguous. Not only does the treatment of the female characters vary according to the authors, but it varies also within the same work, depending on context. Reading the works of this corpus helps to define what appears as essential concerning marriage and spouse relations in the legal texts. This study also allows for the evaluation of some of the legal texts’ assertions about women. In fact, the comparison of these sources shows how the legal texts integrated certain practices that the authors of these texts had to take into consideration. In the end, one has to ask the question of to what degree the Kashmirian literature of this time described contemporaneous society. The critical view of Tantric practices especially in the satirical works of Kṣemendra, but also in the Rāja-taraṅgiṇī, is indeed proof that contemporary reality has a place in this literature. It is of an immense advantage to study works from a well-defined region and time – something so rare in Indian Studies that it can be easily appreciated. This advantage allows us to emphasize the difference in treatment of female characters among different authors, and among different genres (satires, story collections, chronicles), as well as according to the different audiences, since we know that these differences cannot be explained as being simply regional
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Stainton, Hamsa Michael. "Poetry and Prayer: Stotras in the Religious and Literary History of Kashmir." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VT209V.
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This dissertation investigates the close connection between poetry and prayer in South Asia by studying the history of Sanskrit hymns of praise (stotras) in Kashmir. It offers a broad introduction to the history and general features of the stotra genre, and it charts the course of these literary hymns in Kashmir from the ninth century to the present. Historically, Kashmir was one of the most dynamic and influential centers of Sanskrit learning and literary production in South Asia. This dissertation focuses on a number of innovative texts from this region, such as Ksemaraja's eleventh-century commentaries and Sahib Kaul's seventeenth-century hymns, which have received little scholarly attention. In particular, it offers the first study in any European language of the Stutikusumanjali, a major work of religious literature dedicated to the god Siva and one of the only extant witnesses to the trajectory of Sanskrit literary culture in fourteenth-century Kashmir. This dissertation also contributes to the study of Saivism by examining the ways that Saiva poets have integrated the traditions of Sanskrit literature (kavya) and poetics (alankarasastra), theology (especially non-dualism), and Saiva worship and devotion. It argues for the diverse configurations of Saiva bhakti expressed and explored in these literary hymns and the challenges they present for standard interpretations of Hindu bhakti. More broadly, this study of stotras from Kashmir offers new perspectives on the history and vitality of prayer in South Asia and its complex relationships to poetry and poetics.
Books on the topic "Kashmiri literature"
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Akademi, Sahitya, ed. A history of Kashmiri literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2002.
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Handoo, Lalita. Structural analysis of Kashmiri folktales. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1994.
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Kāmil, Muḥammad Amīn. Javāban chhu ʻarz̤. Srīnagar: Kitāb Mīlnuk patāh, Kitāb Ghar, 2000.
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Pōnpur, Sayyid Rasūl. Me mashih nuʼh zāh. Srīnagar: Kitāb mīlnuk patah, Kitāb Ghar, 1999.
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Tilawonu, Hatim. Hatim's tales: Kashmiri stories and songs. New Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1989.
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1965-, Asʻad Muḥammad Saʻīd, ed. Kashmīr kī lok kahāniyān̲. Mīrpūr, Āzād Kashmīr: Naishnal Insṭīṭiyūṭ āf Kashmīr Sṭaḍīz, 2000.
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Bānihālī, Manśūr. Jomī ṣōbas manz Kạ̄shur-i zabān o adabuk tavārīk̲h̲: Jome subas manz Kashur zaban o adbuk tawareekh. Naʼī Dihlī: Sāhityah Akādmī, 2018.
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Jān, Maḥfūẓah. Muḥīuddīn Ḥājnī tuʾh Kạ̄śur adab. Srīnagar: Bāvath Pablīkeshanz, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Kashmiri literature"
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Jeelani, Mubashir. "Review of Literature." In Lake Ecology in Kashmir, India, 5–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40880-4_2.
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Saxena, Ranjana. "Translation as a Cultural Event, a Journey, a Mediation, a Carnival of Creativity." In Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 413–24. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.24.
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Reflection on the issue of reception of Russian literature amongst the reading public in India reminds us that India has always been a multiconfessional, multi-ethnic and multilingual country. From Kashmir in the North to Kerala in the South, India can be characterised by a rich tradition of highly developed multiple literary cultures. Translational activity has been an essential corollary of this diversity. This essay attempts to investigate the translation and reception of Russian literature in post-colonial India. It discusses the engagement of the Indian intelligentsia with Russian literature through translation, which developed in post-independent India, riding on the high tide of nationalist fervour promoting ideas of an egalitarian society. Translations of Russian writers like Lev Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, Fedor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov and Maksim Gorky and others enjoyed great popularity in post-colonial India. I examine Marathi-, Malayalam-, and Hindi-language texts. These works are considered by-products of translational activity, which is also a journey, a mediation and a carnival of cultural mutualities.
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Bazaz, Abir. "A New Literature for a Naya Kashmir." In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Indian Literatures. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197647912.013.12.
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Abstract The history of Kashmiri literature from the 14th to the 20th centuries was shaped by its relations with cosmopolitan literatures (in Sanskrit, Persian, and English) and the political languages of antinomian religion. It is against this background of fluid relations between the vernacular and the cosmopolitan as well as the literary and the religious that a modern Kashmiri literature emerged in the early 20th century. The author does not intend in this chapter to offer a narrative of modern Kashmiri literature but to read a moment of transition in its history in order to delimit the horizon against which it can be read. This moment of transition is the shift from progressivism to modernism in modern Kashmiri poetry. The chapter turns to the tension between progressivism and modernism in Kashmiri poetry in order to draw out the persistence of the mystical as a theme in Kashmiri literature from the 14th century to the present. It contends that modernism in Kashmiri literature is marked by a turn to the existential-political ideas of premodern Kashmiri poetry, which reverses a trend toward materiality in Kashmiri progressive poetry in the 1940s and early 1950s. It argues that this shift toward a mystical modernism was catalyzed by political despair in Kashmir after the arrest of the popular Kashmiri nationalist leader Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah in 1953. The persistence of the theme of the mystical in modern Kashmiri literature can then be understood in relation to the political upheavals that gave rise to it.
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Dar, Hafizullah, and Mudasir Ahmad Dar. "Role of Gastronomic Tourism in Destination Image Recovery of Kashmir Valley." In Cultural, Gastronomy, and Adventure Tourism Development, 220–30. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3158-3.ch011.
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This desk research-based study delves into the significance of gastronomic tourism in revitalizing the destination image of the Kashmir Valley. By synthesizing existing literature, reports, and online resources, it explores the significance of Kashmiri cuisine in attracting tourists and shaping perceptions of the region. The findings suggest that gastronomic tourism serves as one of the effective tools for destination image recovery by highlighting the culinary richness and cultural heritage of Kashmir. The chapter identified the main factors influencing tourists' gastronomic travel motivations in Kashmir. It emphasizes the importance of gastronomic dimensions of Kashmir, strategic marketing initiatives and culinary tourism development plans in leveraging Kashmiri cuisine to improve destination demand and competitiveness. The chapter concludes with recommendations for tourism stakeholders, policymakers, and practitioners to harness the capability of gastronomic tourism in promoting a positive destination image and attracting a varied range of visitors to the Kashmir Valley.
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Christine, C. "Destination Kashmir is Nigh by Ali Imran Shaheen." In The Literature of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, 449–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198883937.003.0011.
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Abstract This chapter presents translated sections of Ali Imran Shaheen’s 2011 book, Kashmir: Manzil Dur Nahin (Destination Kashmir is Nigh). Like many of LeT’s historical materials, this volume presents a highly stylized history on the region. Destination Kashmir is Nigh depicts purported atrocities committed by the Indian Army in Kashmir, presenting a problematic history of the Kashmiri resistance and, more importantly, the alleged enduring relationship between the local resistance and LeT. In the author words: ‘This manuscript presents only a fraction of the sacrifices made in the six months from 11 June 2010 to 11 December 2010. If every single instance of aggression were documented, countless volumes would fill endless stacks in the libraries of justice. Every effort has been made to cover all aspects of the struggle; additionally, the history of the movement and the geography of the region have also been examined in considerable depth.’
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Stainton, Hamsa. "Literary Hymns from Kashmir." In Poetry as Prayer in the Sanskrit Hymns of Kashmir, 65–96. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889814.003.0003.
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This chapter presents an overview of the history and study of literary hymns from Kashmir. In roughly chronological order it introduces the central texts discussed in the remainder of this book. It highlights three distinctive themes that emerge from a long view of stotras in Kashmir. The first is the relationship between theology and literature, and specifically how many Kashmirian authors address theological issues, such as the nature of non-dualistic prayer and devotion, in their hymns. Second, these stotras frequently engage with multiple, complex audiences, both human and divine. In some cases this serves pedagogical purposes, or facilitates the transmission of highly technical teachings. Finally, it shows how the trajectory of this genre is markedly different from that of other genres in Kashmir. Kashmirian authors repeatedly turned to the flexible stotra form for creative literary experiments that challenged contemporary conventions or re-envisioned earlier traditions.
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Pandit, Huzaifa. "Pastorals in the City." In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Indian Literatures, C27P1—C27N10. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197647912.013.27.
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Abstract The desire to trace localized nodes of memory and resistance is a recurrent motif in Kashmiri American poet Agha Shahid Ali’s work. A significant part of his oeuvre is dedicated to exploring the subjectivities of postcolonial marginality. This chapter seeks to explore select poems from his critically acclaimed collection The Country without a Post Office. It also explores the collection’s shift from the “restorative nostalgia” that pervades his earlier work to a “reflective nostalgia” of fragmentation, loss, and irreversibility. The poems establish Kashmir as a liminal space of nostalgic longing, reclamation, and loss, where multiple and contradictory trajectories of nation-making converge to articulate counter-discursive allegories of the nation.
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Stainton, Hamsa. "Stotra Literature." In Poetry as Prayer in the Sanskrit Hymns of Kashmir, 27–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889814.003.0002.
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This chapter presents an overview and analysis of stotra literature in South Asia from three different angles: definition, classification, and history. It first reviews recent descriptions of the stotra genre and offers a working definition for the present study. Then it considers some of the factors that can be used to classify and analyze this voluminous and diverse corpus. In doing so, it highlights many of the most salient and recurring features of stotra literature overall. Finally, it surveys the history of stotra literature in South Asia, highlighting key texts, authors, and periods of development, such as the relationship between stotras and Vedic hymns, political eulogies (praśasti), and vernacular devotional (bhakti) poetry, the early history of Buddhist and Jain stotras, and hymns by or attributed to famous authors like Śaṅkara. Overall, the chapter highlights the diversity, flexibility, and persistent appeal of stotra literature across regions and traditions over the millennia.
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Christine, C. "Noble Warriors and Battlefronts by Muhammad Tahir Naqqash." In The Literature of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, 487–592. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198883937.003.0012.
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Abstract This chapter feature the authors’ translations of excerpts from Muhammad Tahir Naqqash’s 2001, 590-page volume titled Ghaziyan-i-Saf-Shikan (Noble Warriors and Battlefronts)—a accounts of LeT’s various operations, including the 2000 fidayeen attack on the Red Fort in New Delhi and the Srinagar airport attack in October 2001. These accounts provide vivid, action-packed details of the life and adventures of various LeT mujahideen stationed in Kashmir and elsewhere in India, emphasizing both the heroism of Muslim mujahideen and the incessant victimized subject position of Muslims. Hindus are depicted as both craven but also violence-prone perpetrators. The forward was written by Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, LeT’s chief of operations and supreme commander of operations in Kashmir. Like many of the items included in this compilation, this text also belies any of Pakistan’s claims that Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (or any of its other operational names) does not engage in the production of violence.
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Reich, James D. "Ānandavardhana and the Metaphysics of Literature." In To Savor the Meaning, 25–57. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197544839.003.0002.
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This chapter looks at the origin of the famous theory of “poetic manifestation [dhvani]” in the Dhvanyāloka of Ānandavardhana. After a brief overview of the theory, the chapter explores some of the problems and ambiguities in Ānandavardhana’s text, and then explores Ānandavardhana’s use of Bhartṛhari as the basis for his theory. The chapter shows that the later popularity of the theory cannot be chalked up simply to the superiority of Ānandavardhana’s philosophical arguments, but can instead be attributed to some of the basic metaphysical issues opened up by Ānandavardhana’s use of Bhartṛhari, in which many different thinkers and traditions in Kashmir were invested.