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Journal articles on the topic 'Kashmiri literature'
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1
Ali, Salman, Ummer Awais, and Summia Masood. "The Narrative of Oppression and Struggle Among the Women of Kashmir: A Subaltern Study of Behold, I Shine by Freny Manecksha." Global Sociological Review IX, no. I (March 30, 2024): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2024(ix-i).12.
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Kashmiri literature highlights the major themes of oppression and the continuous struggle by Kashmiris in their cause for independence. Millions of Kashmiris have suffered from human rights violations by Indian troops. Among them, the most disturbed are women and children. This paper focuses on the narratives of Kashmiri women and how they spend their lives in Indian-occupied Kashmir while highlighting the theoretical underpinning of female subalterns. In which women are suppressed, oppressed, and kept voiceless among their people. In Kashmir, women have been raped, assaulted, and marginalized by Indian troops and to lower their voices they are given the amount of ex gratia which acts as a bandage to heal the wounds. The paper will explore how Indian troops have colonized the land how they have been treating women in Kashmir, and what role women play in their call for azadi.
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Mughal, Muhammad Ismail, and Dr Shafiq Jullandhry. "Kashmir conflict and Indian Press: A Literature Review." Volume-04 Issue-2 04, no. 02 (September 30, 2020): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v04-i02-16.
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A multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society of Indian state is ill informed about multifaceted reality of Kashmir conflict due to mediated and fabricated information conveyed through national media. Kashmiris perceive national media as biased and hiding public sentiments which further alienated Kashmiri public to the Indian state and nationalism. Little available literature on media portrayal of Kashmir only discussed Pak-India hostility, peace and war journalism or propaganda. This research is about the coverage of Kashmir conflict by Indian Press. Research proceeding reveals that there is little research studies directed toward this subject. This article review the published research work by academics and media professional collected through websites, research journal archives and catalogues. This research will guide researchers and media practitioners involved in the reportage of Kashmir conflict.
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Muhammad Sheeraz, Muhammad Awais Bin Wasi,. "“THE STRATEGY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF RESISTANCE IN A CONTEMPORARY KASHMIRI NOVEL IN URDU”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2070.
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The sociopolitical milieu of post-1989 Kashmir heavily influenced the creative imagination. Multiple literary narratives have recounted the everyday life in Kashmir which is often seen as South Asia’s nuclear flash point.Severalliterary works have also been brought out in the Urdu language. In this paper, drawing uponBarbara Harlow’s framework of resistance literature and Jeanette Lawrence and Agnes Dodds’s theorization of the psychology of resistance, we argue that Nayeema Ahmad Mehoor’s Urdu novelDahshat Zadiis an example of Kashmiri resistance literature.Thepaper is also an attempt to understand how the contemporary Kashmiri writing in Urdu is linked with the broader resistance movement in Kashmir. Reconciling the representative strategy of resistance literature, as proposed by Harlow and others, with those employed by a Kashmiri writer, the study suggests that the patterns and purposes of resistance are often similar across the linguistic and geographical divides.
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Tilwani, Shouket Ahmad. "Narrative Ideology and Repercussions: Representation of the Kashmir Conflict in Modern Literature." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 7 (December 29, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n7p346.
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The research aims to explore the Kashmir conflict that has fractured the lives of the Kashmiri people. In the current times, the Kashmir conflict has been remarkably engaging literate circles all over the world. The conflict has been in the news worldwide for the last three decades because it may cause modern-day warfare betweenIndia, Pakistan, and China. Hence, people all over the world want to know about the situation in the region. The historical, sociological, and moral approaches by Wilbur Stewart Scott are used to grasp the context of the selected novelsThe Collaborator (2012) and Book of Gold Leaves (2015). Mirza Waheed, as an eyewitness, sketched the novels on the sufferings of Kashmiris, engaging daily with a god of death because of the conflictual situation. This situation has been routined since the invasion and occupation of the land by the three nuclear armament-holding neighbors, India, Pakistan, and China, immediately after the emancipation of the first two from their British colonial masters in 1947. The political scenario of Jammu and Kashmir became murkier in 1988 and onwards when India intensified its military operations to quell the armed resistance movement for “Azadi” (freedom) of land. The modern Kashmiri literature roots out the sentiment of freedom; India gave impunity to any draconian tactics in the name of rules that justified any inhuman treatment of custodial killing, torture, rape, etc. As a result, more than three lac women are dead, approximately 10000 are missing, and thousands are languishing in jails.
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Mohammad Hussain Rangraz. "Imprints Of Biographical Literature In History And Memoirisms Written In Kashmir." MAIRAJ 2, no. 1 (July 17, 2023): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/mairaj.v2i1.15.
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Biographical literature and memoirs play a significant role in shaping our understanding of history. They provide valuable insights into the lives and experiences of individuals, shedding light on the social, cultural, and political contexts of a particular time and place. This holds true for any region, including Kashmir.In the context of Kashmir, biographical literature and memoirs offer glimpses into the lives of notable individuals, their struggles, achievements, and contributions to the region's history. These accounts can range from political figures and leaders to artists, scholars, and everyday people who have made an impact on Kashmiri society. One prominent example of biographical literature in Kashmir is the "Rajatarangini" (The River of Kings), written by Kalhana in the 12th century. It is a historical chronicle of the Kashmir region, encompassing the lives and reigns of various kings and rulers. While not strictly a memoir, it provides valuable biographical information about the rulers and their achievements. In addition to historical chronicles, there are personal memoirs written by individuals from Kashmir. These memoirs offer personal accounts of their lives, experiences, and the socio-political climate they witnessed. They provide insights into the lived realities of people in Kashmir and can help us understand the impact of various historical events and conflicts on individuals and communities.Overall, biographical literature and memoirs contribute to the collective memory and understanding of Kashmir's history, allowing us to explore the human dimension of historical events and gain a deeper appreciation for the diverse perspectives and experiences within the region.
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Khan, Munejah. "The Discourse of Power/The Power of Discourse." Proverbium 40 (July 16, 2023): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29162/pv.40.1.352.
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The Valley of Kashmir has a rich Folklore and folk literature is an integral part of Kashmiri Culture. Folkloristics maintains that the message conveyed through folklore may appear simple but it is intertwined with complexities. This paper attempts to study the folklore of Kashmir through an analysis of Kashmiri proverbs to uncover the simple/complex message transmitted through proverbs. The endeavour is to highlight how folklore is informed by Power relations and how the conception of Power interlaces the content, milieu and purpose of folklore. Michel Foucault traces the role of discourse underlying seemingly neutral context of speech, representation and knowledge. Along with Foucault’s concept of discourse, insights from feminist theory have also been employed to expose the discourse of patriarchy, religion and authority in Kashmiri folk literature. The study investigates the power structure inherent in the proverbs of Kashmir and attempts to unravel how discourse constructs unequal power relations. The attempt is to illustrate how power abuse is enacted, reproduced and legitimized.
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Dong, Lan. "Drawing childhood in conflict: Malik Sajad’s Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir." Studies in Comics 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/stic_00050_1.
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Influenced by Art Spiegelman and Joe Sacco, Kashmiri artist Malik Sajad’s graphic narrative Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir calls the reader’s attention to the ongoing conflict in Kashmir, a South Asian region controlled by India, Pakistan and China since the 1940s. Using the hangul elk (an engendered species) to represent Kashmiris while portraying others as human characters, Sajad’s deliberate choice visually sets Kashmiris apart from the rest of the world. This article examines how the main character’s development from a boy with intermittent schooling to a cartoonist with political awareness is interlaced with the escalating violence in Kashmir from the early 1990s to the 2010s. In particular, it discusses how Sajad’s book presents massacres, curfews, crackdowns, mass graves and cover-ups as normalcy in Kashmiri daily life, how it experiments the conventions of comics, interrupts the temporal and spatial arrangements of the panels and creates gaps in the visual and verbal narratives often without foreshadowing or explanations and how it presents history as experiences lived instead of knowledge learned. Sajad’s graphic narrative does not provide a solution and ‘frustrates a reader looking for closure’. The closing panel visualizes Munnu disappearing into the all-encompassing darkness with only a flashlight guiding his way. Filling in the blanks of the ‘K-word’, the story comes to a stop without a sense of conclusion or a direction for the future, thus prompting the reader to contemplate the status of Kashmiris who have been left in a political limbo for decades and continue to be ‘endangered’.
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Khushu-Lahiri, Rajyashree. "Europeans on Kashmir:." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v3i1.387.
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This paper proposes to study the enabling impact of the Western translation of Kashmiri folklore on the Kashmiri literature and culture. It will contest the popular and largely valid perception that the translation of Indian literary texts into English by the British colonizers was an Orientalist enterprise and had a definite agenda which was to give the Western readers a feel of the Indian mystique and to enable the colonizers to administer India. Further, the Western translators had a patronizing/colonizing attitude to the source language text that according to them was being ‘improved’ by translation. This paper will contend that Kashmiri literature (oral as well as written) has gained immensely by the interventions of the western translators of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Scholars like J. Hinton Knowles, Aurel Stein and George Grierson have played a pioneering and seminal role in documenting and perpetuating the folk literature of Kashmir. Their interest in this enterprise was purely academic and to date, the folktales translated by J. Hinton Knowles and Aurel Stein are considered to be standard and the starting point of any study of Kashmiri folklore.
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Bhat, Abdul Manan. "Future’s Moving Terrains." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782054.
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Abstract This essay shows how the Islamic Persianate poetic tradition is a critical conceptual resource for imagining futures in which poetry is a technology of congregation through which futures are postulated, negotiated, and lived. The essay engages the multilingual poetic milieu of Kashmir (Urdu, Persian, and Kashmiri) in the first half of the twentieth century, offering an inaugural analysis of the itinerant nature of Persian, Urdu, and Kashmiri poetry in relation to the form of ghazal and its consequences for future making. Kashmiri poets and critics, in poetry as well as prose, made prominent contributions to the literary and political debates about the purposes and potentialities of poetry as a socially aware public form in an anti-imperial context, a theme that animated multiple Urdu and Persian literary circles from the 1930s.
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Zehra, Ifsha. "Notes on Kashmiri Visualities." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782077.
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Abstract This essay explores the various modes of visualities and visual production in Kashmir. It begins with mapping the existing state visualities that use hypervisibilization, victimization, criminalization, and depoliticization as modalities to represent Kashmir. In recent years, long-standing counternarratives to these representations have met with increasing repression, engendering a visual stagnancy. Earlier, countervisuals by photojournalists confronted state visualities by directing the gaze toward Kashmiri bodies. This essay argues that the repeated production and circulation of these realistic images have also reached a point of visual fatigue. At this juncture of a seeming visual impossibility, the essay proposes creative configurations and visual imaginaries through artistic visioning as a means to continue the work of visual production.
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Junaid, Mohamad, Deepti Misri, and Ather Zia. "Kashmiri Futures." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782010.
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Abstract This special issue inaugurates a scholarly and creative conversation that seeks to detach the future of Kashmir from the narrative, aesthetic, and political frames of powerful nation-states that have sought to keep Kashmiris confined to a long and seemingly enduring colonial present. It seeks, moreover, to inspire radical imaginations of possible futures in danger of foreclosure by occupying states, and asks us to think about occupation as a temporal as well as spatial regime.
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Zubair Farooq and Dr. Premchandar P. "THE INFLUENCE OF LAL DED'S POETRY ON KASHMIRI CULTURE AND LITERATURE." International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) 3, no. 3 (June 7, 2023): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v3i3.933.
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This research article delves into the profound influence of Lal Ded's poetry on Kashmiri culture and literature. Lal Ded, a renowned 14th-century Kashmiri poet and mystic, holds a significant place in the literary and spiritual traditions of the region. Her verses, known as vatsun, have not only enriched the Kashmiri literary landscape but also left an indelible mark on the cultural ethos of the Kashmiri people. This study aims to explore the multifaceted impact of Lal Ded's poetry by analyzing its role in shaping Kashmiri language, spirituality, social dynamics, and artistic expression. Drawing upon a range of scholarly works, literary analysis, and historical context, this article sheds light on the transformative power of Lal Ded's poetry and its enduring legacy in Kashmiri culture
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Mir, Beenish, Jayatee Bhattacharya, and Gazala Gayas. "Expression of Subdued Voices in Select Folktales of Kashmir: A Subaltern Approach." Fabula 64, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2023): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0021.
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Abstract Certain voices in society and history fade away with the passage of time because they lack the freedom of expression. These are typically the voices of the oppressed or subjugated section of the society. Their voices, however, can be heard in literature as they subsequently turn to it to articulate their thoughts, and folk literature or folklore is no exception in this regard. Drawing inspiration from the subaltern perspective, this paper argues that folktales of Kashmir gave voice to the subaltern of the Kashmiri society. For this purpose, it examines three Kashmiri folktales titled The Tale of the Farmer’s Wife and the Honey-Bee, The Story of A Weaver, and The Clever Jackal following a subaltern approach to demonstrate how themes, narratives, and characters represent the subdued voices.
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Selvam, Manjula, and Sangeeta Mukherjee. "CULTURAL MATERIALIST READING: VISUALIZING DOMINANT IDEOLOGIES AND DISSIDENT DISCOURSES IN THE CREATIVE GRAPHIC PANELS OF MUNNU: A BOY FROM KASHMIR." Creativity Studies 16, no. 2 (October 4, 2023): 624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2023.14785.
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One of the prominent theories of cultural studies is cultural materialism, which has its base on the theory of Marxism. Much of the research work done regarding cultural materialism is on Renaissance literature; the development of the theory itself is through the studies conducted on the plays of William Shakespeare, who is one of the epitomes of Renaissance literature. This paper aims to be a unique cultural materialist reading done on a graphic novel based on Kashmir, Indian subcontinent. Kashmir is one of the most desired lands on Earth; it has also been a land of contest right from 1947. This article attempts to explore Malik Sajad’s reflection of the Kashmiri society by analyzing and discussing graphic panels from Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir (originally published in 2015) in the light of cultural materialism. Since cultural materialism admits that a text mirrors the socio-cultural and political life of a society; it has been used for interpreting this Kashmir-based graphic novel which is a blend of image and words. This graphic memoir offers a unique narration of the political and societal lives of Kashmiris through the creative deployment of an anthropomorphic metaphor. This study shows how Sajad graphically reflects the dominant ideology and dissident discourses in these panels.
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Dutta, Abhijit. "A Different Imagination: Authenticity and Inauthenticity of Narrating Kashmir." Chinese Semiotic Studies 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2012): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2012-0010.
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Abstract More than two decades of violent conflict has earned Kashmir international fame as the most militarized place on earth and a nuclear flashpoint. Within India, the discourse on Kashmir is a polarizing force, with contesting meaning systems co-existing in parallel. Each of these meaning systems is cultivated through a complex of vested inter-textual narratives, including literature and film, and marketed as “authentic” interpretations of Kashmir via incestuous cross-referencing. In the absence of access to the “real” Kashmir in any direct way, these narratives serve as the only sources for Indians to construct their imagination of this troubled land. This paper uses the example of Kashmiriyat - a differently interpreted ethno-social construct - to illustrate the structural divisions in the narrativization of Kashmir. This is done via a Peircean reading of specimen texts that conform to three general categories - Hindu Indian nationalist, Muslim Indian nationalist of Kashmiri origin, and resident Kashmiri Muslim - and mapping their meaning using the trichotomy of Interpretants. In conclusion, it is proposed that any hope of a resolution of the Kashmir conflict needs to locate the discrete meaning systems illustrated by the paper in a “philosophical space” (Poole, 1972) - a space that allows a more inclusive and meaningful imagination, a different imagination of Kashmir.
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Wanaan, Zanaan. "Kashmiri Feminist Manifesto." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782043.
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Irfani, Suroosh. "Double Betrayal." American Journal of Islam and Society 13, no. 3 (October 1, 1996): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i3.2302.
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Since 1989, more Kasluniris have died in the struggle against Indianrule than the cumulative number of Bosnian casualties of Serb attacks inSarajevo and of Palestinians during the intifada. Even so, not many peopleare aware of the mass freedom movement that has gripped the northernHimalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir for the past six years. Reasons forsuch apathy are not hard to gauge: Western stakes in Kashmir are of a differentkind than those in the Balkans or the oil-rich Middle- EastConsequently, the uprising in Kashmir and the massive human rights violations there have been relegated to the fringe of the Western media. Overburdenedby its post-cold war concerns, the Western conscience seems tobe on recess in Kashmir.
A corollary to the lack of international concern over Kashmir is thevirtual absence of literature on contemporary Kashmiri reality. The studyby Paula Newberg, a senior associate at the Camegie Endowment whohas visited Kashmir several times, is an apt response to this doubledeficit. Academically unpretentious and refreshingly free of prescriptivesolutions, Double Betrayal (available from The Brooking Institution inWashington, DC) etches a disturbing image of mass resistance and insularmass repression in this land-locked Indian-administered state. Thebook encapsulates the nature of the Kashmiri insurgency, Indian repression,and the agony of an entire population whose suffering the worldrefuses to fathom ...
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DR. MUHAMMAD YOUSAF and DR. AMBREEN KHAWJA. "Influence of Literary Figures on Urdu Poetry of Azad Kashmir: A Study." DARYAFT 16, no. 01 (June 26, 2024): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/daryaft.v16i01.392.
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The study of the influence of literary figures on the poetry of Azad Kashmir shows that there are influences of Sanskrit, Kashmiri, Persian, Arabic, Urdu and other regional languages as well as classical and modern poetry on the literature of Azad Kashmir. There are intellectual and artistic influences on the poetry of Azad Kashmir from to the present period. Some thought is prominent, some artistic imitation is visible. There is similar style; there is also the use of similar tone. However, all these influences despite this, the poetry of Azad Kashmir have its own individuality and its own style. Azad Kashmir's poetic capital, while being a part of the poetic tradition of Urdu language, has interesting, unique experiences and individual characteristics in terms of theme, theme, style innovation, new symbols, techniques, untouched and unique creative experiences and many other aspects. Azad Kashmir's own regional symbols and some unique experiences give its distinctive color to the poets of Azad Kashmir. Happily, the influence of movements, ideologies and personalities in the footsteps is less visible in the new generation. The poets of the new generation are actively and diligently engaged in creating their own special point of view, their own tone, their own style, and their own color. In spite of the influence of literary movements, critical schools, literary theories, poetic styles and poet personalities in the poetry of Azad Kashmir, its own color and harmony exist with all the beauty, rather, the colors and styles of the poets of Azad Kashmir are different from those of many other regions.
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Maryah Charoo. "Chasing the Shadows: A study of The Half Mother." Creative Launcher 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2019.4.1.09.
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The three decade old armed conflict in Kashmir has claimed thousands of lives, left hundreds homeless and rendered numerous youth missing. The vacillation of the Kashmir issue has raised a furore and frenzy among the people and it has been registered and documented in various literary and non-literary genres. The narratives about the state of conflict and its impact on the populace are tendentious, written from extrinsic and probative positions that fall in the ambit of mainstream narratives. Lately, the indigenous writers from Kashmir have registered the grim accounts of the impact of insurgency and militancy in the state and the unabated military action. The native writers have a firsthand account of the events of the turmoil. One such writer Shahnaz Bashir’s The Half Mother is a doleful story of Haleema, the protagonist who is an epitome of valiance and courage. It is a woeful tale of a grief stricken mother who loses her only son to the enforced disappearance at the hands of the armed forces In this paper, I aim to highlight the importance of the native Kashmiri writers in bringing out the honest and truthful accounts of the impact of militancy on the contemporary Kashmiri literature.
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Ghosh, Amrita. "Reading Discourses of Power and Violence in Emerging Kashmiri Literature in English: The Collaborator and Curfewed Night." Review of Human Rights 4, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35994/rhr.v4i1.87.
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This essay studies two literary texts on Kashmir, The Collaborator (2011) by Mirza Waheed and Curfewed Night (2010) by Basharat Peer and analyzes the discourses of power, overt forms of violence that the works present. It first contextualizes events from the last three years that have occurred in Kashmir to present forms of violence Kashmiri subjects undergo in the quotidian of life. The essay, thus, argues that the selected literary works represent Kashmir as a unique postcolonial conflict zone that defies an easy terminology to understand the onslaught of violence, and the varied forms of power. As analyzed in the article, one finds a curious merging of biopolitics and necropolitics that constructs the characters as “living dead” within this emergency zone. For this, the theoretical trajectory of the essay is mapped out to show the transition from Foucault and Agamben’s idea of biopolitics to Mbembe’s concept of necropolitics. Thereafter, essay concludes how the two texts illustrate Agamben’s notion of the bare life is not enough to understand subjects living in this unique postcoloniality. The presence of death and the dead bodies go beyond bare life and shows how that bodies become significant signifiers that construct a varied notion of agency.
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Esther Daimari and Debajyoti Biswas. "The Missing Person in a Story about Kashmir: A Reading of Madhuri Vijay’s <i>The Far Field </i>." Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature 17, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/asiatic.v17i2.2996.
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This article examines the trope of the ‘missing person’ in the literature about Kashmir and argues, by taking Madhuri Vijay’s The Far Field (2019) as an example, how the trope allows the examination of a multilayered history of violence. The article problematises the idea of visibility and invisibility of the missing/abducted/hidden/underground people during conflict and suggests that these figures can be read as metaphors for personal and collective trauma and loss. By triangulating three coordinates in Kashmiri context – violence, trauma, and invisibility – the essay argues that a missing person can be emblematic of memories of trauma, negation of humanity, violation of body, and public complicity in institutional violence. By foregrounding Shalini’s journey to recover the missing people, the novel underpins the “rot remains” of a society afflicted with violence and state apathy. Within the framework of trauma theory in the postcolonial context, the essay shows how the focus of Vijay’s narrative of Kashmiri people’s trauma is shifted from speech to body. The emphasis on the body contributes to a compelling narration of trauma by conflating land and people.
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Shah, Akhter Habib. "Mapping the Cultural Landscape of the Homeland: A Semiotic Analysis of Agha Shahid Ali’s Poetry Collection." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1401.33.
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The widely renowned and exhaustively researched Kashmiri-American diasporic poet, Agha Shahid Ali, has received acclaim for his portrayal of themes such as loss, longing for the homeland, nostalgia, hyphenated identity, hybridity, and dislocation, among others. However, within the purview of new historicism, this paper intends to examine the interplay of literature, culture, and history. Using Clifford Geertz's framework of "thick description," the paper analyzes Agha's poetry as a cultural artifact with ethnographic value. Through a semiotic analysis of select poems based on Bakhtin's notion of chronotopes, the paper aims to unravel themes of fragmented identity, cultural memorialization, and the preservation of imaginary homelands. The paper also attempts to explore that Agha Shahid Ali, actively engaged with the socio-political turmoil in his homeland. He sought to reconcile the tensions between different traditions and religious communities, envisioning a personal utopia rooted in his privileged position. His poetry reflects his historical context, facilitating a symbolic exchange between the fragments of Kashmiri culture. Through intertextual references, religious symbols, and social emblems, Ali constructs a significant and experimental narrative about Kashmir.
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Arsalan, Muhammad, and Dr Sumaira Akbar. "The Hamidi Kashmiri as Critic of Ghalib." Noor e Tahqeeq 7, no. 03 (October 7, 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/nooretahqeeq.2022.06031819.
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Hamidi Kashmiri is a Modern critic of Urdu literature specially Urdu Ghazal. He has studied Ghalib's thought and art with the critical insight and has recovered Ghalib's intellectual sources very well. Hamidi Kashmiri first book on Ghalib is “Ghalib kay Takhleeqi sarchasmay” that is publised in 1969. “Iqbal aur Ghalib” and “Ghalib Jahan-i-Deegar” are his two more books in which he discussed Ghalib;s poetry. In these books, qualitative, thematic, technical and stylistic reviews of Kalam-i-Ghalib have been presented. In this article Hamidi kashmiri;s views about Ghalib’s poetry has been presented.
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Rana Kashif Shakeel, Dr. Farzana Masroor, and Dr. Maria Farooq Maan. "Fears, Tears, Trauma and Violence: A Critical Study of Physical and Psychological Fracturing Experiences in Mirza Waheed’s The Collaborator." sjesr 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(333-341).
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Kashmir has been under the influence of militant forces for many decades. Violence, marginalization, and oppression at the hands of militants and the armed forces are common practices that have transformed the earthly paradise into hell. The plight of the people of Kashmir remained hidden from the world's eyes but in the first decade of the 21st century, many Kashmiri writers appeared on the horizon of the world literature to show the tormented picture of the valley to the world. Anglophone Kashmiri writings are characterized by the themes of violence and exploitative and coercive practices such as mass killings, disappearances, rapes, crackdowns, and uprootedness of the people. Mirza Waheed's The Collaborator is one of those dolefully poignant voices of Kashmir that tries to depict the true condition of the people of Kashmir. The present study intended to explore how the writer has portrayed the violent acts undertaken by the militants and armed forces resulting in traumatization and identity fragmentation of the oppressed masses. The multi-theoretical framework for this study was based on the power theory of Dennis H. Wrong (1995) and trauma theories of Cathy Caruth (1996), Jeffrey C. Alexander (2012), and Judith L. Herman (2015). These theories form a nexus and connect. The research focused on certain horrific events of the novel and traced the aspect of trauma resulting from violence, exploitation, and coercion. The findings of the study are eye-opening and add a contribution to the scarce body of research in the domain. It is a significant study because it highlights the condition of oppressed people that still need the attention of the world organizations, NGOs, and academic researchers for the alleviation of their trauma, misery, and excessive exploitation.
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Ashraf, Dr Rumana. "Representation of Kashmiri Women in Naseem Shifaee’s Selected Poems." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i1.10885.
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The paper undertakes examination of selected poems of Naseem Shifaee’s translated in English by Neerja Mattoo by focusing on female identity . Literature looks at humanity with a questioning as well as affirmative gaze, disapproving and approving at the same time, reaffirming stereotypes as well as breaking them. Throughout ages narratives in Kashmir have revealed the inbuilt discrimination and biases against women. Cultural space for women is highly restricted in Kashmir. In spite of their marginalized position Kashmiri women made themselves heard ,undeterred by established womanly restraints interrogated the patriarchal practices and refused to live in a culture of silence . Naseem Shifaee is a powerful women voice acclaimed internationally with the publication of her first poetry collection Darichi Matsrith (windows thrown open) highlighted the existing reality of women in contemporary Kashmir. The paper will explore the incongruity between the societal image of female poetic persona and her own instincts about her true nature .It will be argued how poetic persona is trapped in male allotted and confined space, persuaded to look at herself continually in terms of social conventions according to which women are denigrated by patriarchal supremacy .The bewildered state of mind leads her to undertake the obsessive search for her authentic self identity. She questions what if roles were reversed? In other two poems Naseem questions patriarchal traditions Naseem Shifaee assume the role of the medium in establishing female non being into self-realized person.
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Fox, Diana J., and Shazia Malik. "“I Am Very Sexy, Sexy, Sexy”." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782099.
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Abstract This article focuses on the story of one transfeminine (transgen, in local parlance) wedding singer, Shabu, identifying through interviews, observation, and song analysis the possibilities of self-expression for transgens as well as for cisgender women who attend these performances. How have they carved out agency for themselves amid Kashmir’s territorial conflict over its sovereignty? The article demonstrates how Kashmiri gendered futures are intimately tied to courageous and innovative performances in women’s spaces, even within pronounced systemic constraints. Shabu’s songs concern women’s agency, gender dynamics and roles, family relationships, and gender presentation both in and outside women’s familial household and community/kin networks. The songs both embody accepted tradition and open doors to innovation, protest, and political commentary. The digital life of these performances on YouTube has contributed to their dissemination and popularity. This article addresses questions arising from shifting contexts of transgens’ wedding-song performances and contributes to the body of analysis of digital folklore through decolonial feminist and queer folkloristic lenses.
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Sanders, Lise Shapiro. "Emily Dickinson’s Shawl." English Language Notes 60, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9890769.
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Abstract This essay examines a multicolored woolen shawl owned by the poet Emily Dickinson. Contemporary writings from the period referred to such textiles as “India shawls,” although the provenance of Dickinson’s shawl is unknown. India shawls frequently appear in sources ranging from advertisements to fashion columns to fiction, but as often as not, the modifier India is emptied of its meaning and extrapolated, by association, to shawls made in Europe and elsewhere. The shawl’s true site of origin in Kashmir is thus obscured by the process through which India comes to bear the weight of Orientalist commodification for a market of female consumers. This essay traces the literary, historical, cultural, social, and economic significance of both Kashmiri and European shawls, reading them alongside the production of cotton textiles and in the larger context of transnational and transoceanic networks of imperial commodity culture. Drawing on the poet’s references to shawls and fabrics as well as on the qualities of the textile itself, this essay takes Dickinson’s shawl as a starting point from which to begin unraveling the tangled threads that make up the production and consumption of one particularly fashionable nineteenth-century garment.
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Dhar, Ashani. "Lived experiences of Kashmiri pandit women :." Jindal Journal of Public Policy 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 46–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjpp.v7i1.214.
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Migration, whether forced or voluntary, has been an intrinsic part of the broader processes of social change across the world. However, there is a marked difference in the way different forms of migration are conceptualised and the resultant implication that it has. For instance, the difference between refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) and the expected role of the state in dealing with them. Officially termed 'migrants', the Kashmiri Pandit community – originally belonging to the now Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India, is a quintessential example of a community that was forcibly displaced and forced into a life of exile in their own country over three decades ago. The exilic conditions that characterised their lives have left an indelible print on their minds and have shaped their life discourses polemically, in the forms of ruptured social fabric, disoriented identity, barriers to education, healthcare and restricted labour market opportunities. Although displacement affected the entire community at large, the impact of displacement was experienced differentially. This difference stemmed from gender, the social capital they possessed, educational qualifications that they had, their place of residence (rural or urban) and the quality of social networks they had access to. The most explicit difference can be seen between those who were set up in tents that were sunk in filth and were a breeding ground for disease and ill-health versus those who were displaced but never had to live in 'migrant camps'. But even within these two groups, there are apparent differences in the lives of men and women. The challenges of everyday life are felt more acutely by women who have had to navigate the murky waters of patriarchy in addition to physical displacement. And yet, available literature on the subject is androcentric and homogenising in nature. The paper attempts to shed light on the manner and the source for the differential impact of displacement as seen through the impact of displacement on health, education and employment, which are more pronounced for women than men.
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Shaw, A. "Diaspora Youth and Ancestral Homeland: British Pakistani/Kashmiri Youth Visiting Kin in Pakistan and Kashmir * BY GILL CRESSEY." Journal of Islamic Studies 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2008): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etn022.
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Bhat, Yasmeen Jabeen, Faizan Younus Shah, and Abid Keen. "Plica polonica: Trichoscopic findings with a brief literature review." Our Dermatology Online 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20211.9.
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Plica polonica is a common but rarely reported acquired condition characterized by sudden onset of irreversible entanglement of the hair. Psychological disturbance is a risk factor for plica formation. Plica polonica was considered a disease of the past caused by poor hygiene and haircare in psychiatric patients. In view of its clinical rarity, we describe the case of a 50-year-old Muslim woman of Kashmiri ethnicity presenting with plica polonica to explain the trichoscopic findings gathered in the process of medical examination. The patient had attempted the treatment of the condition with various shampoos and conditioners but without improvement. There was no history of mental illness either in the patient or the patient’s family. The hair was dry, lusterless, densely adherent, but without discharge, foul odor, or lymphadenopathy. Trichoscopy revealed varying shades of brown and crisscrossing of hair shafts resembling an intertwined mesh of wires with concretions of the hair shafts. The patient was advised to cut the matted hair.
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Verbeke, Saartje. "Some linguistic features of the Old Kashmiri language of the Bāṇāsurakathā." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 71, no. 3 (September 2018): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2018.71.3.7.
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Javaid, Hadia, and Humera Shafi. "DISPOSITIONAL AUTONOMY AND SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING AMONG WOMEN IN A COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURE." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 08 (August 31, 2022): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15246.
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Autonomy has been conceived as a masculine trait in literature. However, feminist literature and SDT theorists consider autonomy as a requisite need for all irrespective of gender, class and culture. The Self-Determination Theory perspective posits autonomy as a basic psychological need and an essential nutriment for well-being. The aim of the present paper was to study the effects of dispositional autonomy on subjective wellbeing among women in Kashmir. The aim was to see the existence of this attribute among women being in collectivistic culture. The relationship of the dimensions of dispositional autonomy i.e., authorship/self-congruence, susceptibility to control and interest-taking with subjective wellbeing was examined and their effects on subjective wellbeing was studied. The 15-item, 5-point Likert Scale namely Index of Autonomous Functioning (IAF) (Weinstein et al., 2012b) was used to assess dispositional autonomy. The 14-item, 5-point Likert Scale namely, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) (S Stewart-Brown & Janmohamed, 2008) was used to assess subjective wellbeing. The study was conducted on a sample of 183 Kashmiri women. The correlation and regression analysis was done to study the relationship and effects of dispositional autonomy on subjective wellbeing among women in collectivistic culture. The results showed a significant positive effect of dispositional autonomy on subjective wellbeing of women. The study has contributed in the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of autonomy as a basic psychological need in the wellbeing of women.
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Hoffman, Bruce, and Haley Duschinski. "Between Freedom and Justice: Popular Protest and Jurisdictional Contestation of Militarized Governance in Indian-Controlled Kashmir." Social & Legal Studies 29, no. 5 (February 18, 2020): 650–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663919897370.
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In Indian-controlled Kashmir, local residents express aspirations for freedom from Indian-militarized governance even as they demand state accountability for pervasive everyday violence. Kashmiris negotiate this complexity through jurisdictional contestation, asserting alternative forms of authority to speak about law and develop strategies for justice and political transformation. Drawing from sociolegal literatures of jurisdiction and global legal pluralism, we analyze a Kashmiri community forum confronting institutional denial in a prominent case of sexual violence and murder involving state armed forces. We analyze how Kashmiri actors from diverse normative communities drew on popular understandings of law to claim competing forms of authority, give meaning to the case, and develop strategies of response. We also explore how participants, through the work of jurisdictional contestation, made global legal ideas locally meaningful and relied on jurisdictional myths of struggle and justice to motivate resistance and establish spaces of hope.
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Bhan, Mona. "Weathering the Occupation." English Language Notes 61, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-10782066.
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Abstract This article examines how weather became an important element of India’s imperial project particularly after 2019, while its everyday forecast and management, as well as its seeming predictability, offered the Indian state an illusion of control in Kashmir’s uncertain political terrain. Against this backdrop, the article foregrounds how weathering the occupation offers a critical analytic to track the eco-logics of the Indian occupation in Kashmir and to consider how Kashmiris rely on the potency of differently constituted “earth beings” to envision alternative political, ecological, and geographic futures. As Kashmir’s climate vulnerabilities intensify because of India’s occupational and settler-colonial regimes, how can weather intrusions unravel geopolitics and contest the fiction of national cartographies? In other words, how might centering weather, rather than nation or borders, help us reenvision Kashmir’s futures beyond the confines of Indian statehood?
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Young, Sandra. "Beyond Indigenisation: Hamlet, Haider, and the Pain of the Kashmiri People." Shakespeare 14, no. 4 (August 16, 2017): 374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450918.2017.1351486.
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Dr Ghulam Rasool Khawar. "AN REVIEW OF THEATRE'S SERVICES IN THE PROMOTION OF URDU COUPLETS." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i2.111.
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Doha is something like “Matla” –an opening couplet 0f a ghazal- characterized by spontaneity set in a particularly simplistic and pastoral life. Both of its lines rhyme with each other and they balance in weight. Doha enjoys a peculiar field of relevance. A definite form, specific inference, and dedicated language make integral parts of a Doha. This beautiful genre of literature flourished in the hands of religious enthusiasts like Sofis, Sunnats, and Sadhus. However, this progress of Doha is heavily indebted to an all-times-active institution of our society called theatre proper. Starting right from “Inder Saba” by Amanat to the works of Agha Hashar Kashmiri, we find indelible traces of Doha in these works. This article sifts out those traces of Doha in the works of our illustrious Dramatists. Besides a brief history of Urdu Theatre, this article will afford a short introduction to the great veterans whose works will be discussed here in Literature for Children. It made the history of children’s literature.
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Neogi, Soumyadeep. "Our Moon has Blood Clots and the Poetics of Indigenous Representation: Kashmiri Pandit Narratives as Indigenous Literature." Litinfinite Journal 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47365/litinfinite.2.2.2020.50-63.
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Jehangir, Majid, Seema Quyoom, Jahangeer Bhat, Peerzada Sajad, Ishfaq Sofi, Aresalan Amin, and Mudasir Bhat. "Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis with lower limb vascular abnormalities in a young Kashmiri male child-Report of a first child from Kashmir Valley (India) and review of literature." Our Dermatology Online 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20161.23.
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Ramzan, Muhammad, Ibrahim Oteir, Misbah Afsheen Khan, Abdullah Al-Otaibi, and Sameena Malik. "English learning motivation of ESL learners from ethnic, gender, and cultural perspectives in sustainable development goals." International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies 12, no. 3 (August 3, 2023): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5019.v12i3.4840.
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The aim of this study was to examine the English language learning motivation of Pakistani students by viewing ethnicity, gender, and culture because Pakistan is multi-ethnic and cultural country with wide dimensions. The study was examined with reference to UN directed 17 sustainable development goals, with special reference to Goal No 4 related to education. A sample of 602 participants from 39 Pakistani public and private sectors’ universities was taken as participants of this research. The research was done by adapting a questionnaire as a research tool, and L2 motivational self-system was taken as a theoretical framework. The collected data via questionnaire response was statistically analyzed by using SPSS 26 software. The results indicated that in Pakistan, all four types of internal motivational structure, i.e., immediate achievement, learning situation, intrinsic interest, and personal development, existed in students of English as second Language learners’ motivation. The highest value among the four factors of motivation was 2.57 in personal development factor, and the lowest mean value was in learning situations. There is no significant statistical variation among gender in all four types of motivational structures. In English learning motivation, urban students were comparatively higher motivated in all motivational internal factors. Furthermore, only Pathan and Kashmiri students had a significant variation, and the motivation of Pathan ethnicity was higher than Kashmiri in all motivational aspects. This research would be a useful insight for English teachers and students in an intracultural environment infused with ethnicity and multi-gender student population.
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Atiya Faiz Baloch. "Research And Critical Review Of Insha's Experiments." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v2i1.14.
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"Syed Insha is a famous Urdu poet and prose writer. He was born in Murshidabad, India. His father's name was Mir Mashallah Khan. Syed Insha's grandfather was Mir Noorullah Hakim. Belonging to a scholarly and literary family, he spoke Turkish, Hindi, Arabic, Persian, European, Pashto, Punjabi, Kashmiri and Bengali fluently. Thanks to this linguist, he worked in prose. In prose Syed Insha wrote two stories. In both of them, he had two different experiments. In the story of Rani Ketki, Insha did not use any words of Persian and Arabic. For him Urdu is a separate language apart from these two languages and without the use of these two languages, excellent writing can also be written in Urdu. In Silk -e- Gohar he used words that not have dots that is, he wrote the story with pointless words. Both these experiences of Syed Insha are valued in Urdu literature. Because no other literature has adopted this style."
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Nabi, Junaid, Danish Rafiq, Fatema N. Authoy, and Ghulam Nabi Sofi. "Incidental Detection of Adrenal Myelolipoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature." Case Reports in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/789481.
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Introduction. Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare tumor that is benign in nature, usually asymptomatic, unilateral, and nonsecreting. It is composed of variable mixture of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements and develops within the adrenal gland. With the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography, the incidental detection of these tumors is increasing in frequency.Case Presentation. We report a case of adrenal myelolipoma in a 63-year-old Kashmiri male, who presented with pain in the right upper abdomen. Physical examination was unremarkable. Ultrasound abdomen showed the presence of a hyperechoic mass in the right suprarenal region with undefined margins. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of abdomen revealed a well-defined, round lesion in the right suprarenal region with heterogeneous attenuation suggesting the possibility of myelolipoma. The patient was subjected to right adrenalectomy and his postoperative course was uneventful. The histopathological evaluation of the mass confirmed the initial diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma.Conclusion. Although mostly discovered as an “incidentaloma”, the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma warrants thorough diagnostic study. Imaging techniques such as ultrasonography and CT scans as well as biochemical studies are useful for indicating the best treatment taking into account the size of the mass and possible hormone production. Surgical resection is advocated through extraperitoneal approach as it minimizes postoperative complications and leads to quicker recovery.
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Dar, Wahid Ahmad, and Kounsar Jan. "Student ICT Use Motives." International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.288498.
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Research on the second-level digital divide suggests that motivational factors are crucial for its comprehensive understanding. However, the literature survey indicates a lack of research on ICT usage motives and their relation with student alienation. Using data from an offline survey on university students, this study establishes psychometric properties of student's ICT usage motive scale in the Kashmiri context. Based on SCT theory, the scale distinguishing between three underlying ICT usage motives: socialising, Instrumental and mood management, with the latter two motives negatively correlated with each other. Further analysis shows that instrumental motive reflected a moderate negatively correlation with learned helplessness (LH), learning disinterest (LD) and learning discouragement (LDC) dimensions of student alienation. Socialising motive showed a moderate positive correlation with classroom isolation (CIS). CFA (n= 575) model showed the least metric invariance with regard to gender and residential background.
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Lysenko, Viktoria. "The Problem of Expressibility of the Inexpressible: Speech-Sound, Consciousness and Reality in Indian Thought." Ideas and Ideals 15, no. 3-1 (September 28, 2023): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2023-15.3.1-179-199.
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For traditional Indian philosophy, which tends to establish its identity on the basis of the rationally incognizable Absolute (Ātman, Brahman), the verbal expressibility of the latter is one of the central issues. In fact, what is at stake here, is an attitude to language, trust or distrust in its capacity to be a tool for transmitting the experience of reality, which for the Indian tradition is of the highest soteriological and metaphysical value. Namely, it is the experience characteristic of the culminating transpersonal states of meditation and yogic practices, as well as at the moment of unio mystica (between a believer and the personal God). The best way to point to such states is to demonstrate their radical otherness in comparison with everyday speech behaviour (vyavahāra) and discursive ways of reporting it. That is why, the apophatic approach is used, meanwhile, that does not exclude the applicability of its cataphatic opposite. In the first part of the paper, the author emphasizes a tendency to privilege the apophatic approach (‘not that, not that’) to the definition of Brahman on the example of some mahāvākya (‘great sayings’) from the Upaniṣhads. In the second part, the author elucidates a phenomenon of phonocentrism, characteristic of traditional Indian culture, taking as example an incarnation of the goddess Vāk (Speech) in Vedic literature and in Tantrism. The third part is devoted to Bhartṛihari’s (ca.V century A.D.) concepts of ‘linguistic monism’ (śabda-advaita), and of the three-part speech, and their culmination in Kashmiri Shaivism. The author shows that in Bharitṛhari and Kashmiri’ s expressibility and inexpressibility of vocalized speech does not presuppose the recognition of a separate reality of object referred to by it (correspondence principle), but varied within the boundaries of the word (śabda) itself as identical to the dynamic nature of Brahman constituted by potencies (śakti).
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Imtiyaz, Bushra Syed, Mushtaq Ahmad Margoob, Fazle Roub, and Mehwish Imtiaz. "Perceived stress, burnout, and resilience among healthcare workers in a multiple disaster-impacted setting during the COVID-19 pandemic." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.0452.
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Objective: Current literature on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research presents gaps and opportunities to investigate the psychological experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) serving in mass trauma situations. We aimed to measure perceived stress, burnout, and resilience in Kashmiri HCWs and explore the relationship of burnout with sociodemographic, work-related, and pandemic-related factors.
Design, setting, and participants: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected by circulating a web-based questionnaire among HCWs across primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels in Kashmir, India. The questionnaire consisted of sections on personal, work-related, and pandemic-related variables as well as validated instruments to measure perceived stress, burnout, and resilience.
Results: A total of 514 valid responses were received. More than 80 percent of HCWs had moderate to high perceived stress. The prevalence of personal, work-related, and client-related burnouts was 68, 48.6, and 46 percent, respectively. Resilience was negatively correlated with stress and burnout. Younger (18-28 years), unmarried HCWs, especially junior residents and nurses, had higher burnout levels. Redeployment to deliver COVID-19 duties, unpredictability in work schedule, tested positive for COVID-19, and spending time in isolation/quarantine were also found to be significant risk factors for developing burnout.
Conclusions: Nearly half of the HCWs suffered from burnout, and more than half had moderate to high perceived stress. In addition to pre-existing risk factors of burnout, the pandemic seems to have introduced more occupational risk factors in this disaster-affected area. Lessons learnt from COVID-19 pandemic may help guide need-based intervention strategies designed for specific target population rather than a one size fits all approach.
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Neha Zahoor, Sheikh, Baseerat Rashid, Sabia Nazir, Naseer Ahmad Khan, Javed Ahmad Khan, Syed Mubashir Yousuf, and Ghulam Mohammad Bhat. "Level of conus medullaris termination in adult Kashmiri population: a magnet resonance imaging-based study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2023): 1746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20231347.
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Background: The spinal cord is considered as the principle content of vertebral canal. It begins as a downward extension of medulla oblongata at the level of upper border of first cervical vertebrae (C1). The terminal part of spinal cord is conical and is termed as conus medullaris. In adults the level of termination of conus medullaris varies between T12 to L3 vertebrae. The level of termination of conus medullaris is clinically important to avoid injuries during spinal anaesthesia and lumber puncture. Methods: The saggital magnetic resonance images of 168 patients were reviewed in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Srinagar from January 2022 to June 2022. The most caudal point of the cord was considered as the tip of conus medullaris. A line was drawn through the tip perpendicular to the long axis of spinal cord to determine its location with adjacent vertebra. Results: The level of conus medullaris termination was most commonly located at T12-L1 intervertebral disc level. The results revealed a significant statistical difference in levels of termination of conus medullaris with respect to age and sex. Conclusions: In literature, the highest level of conus medullaris termination is stated to be at T11-T12 Intervertebral disc and the lowest level at the body of L3 vertebra. Therefore, spinal anaesthesia and lumber puncture procedure should be done below L3 vertebral body in order to avoid iatrogenic complications.
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Kalam, Mohd Afsahul, Uzma Jan, Ajaz Ahmad Bhat, and Bisma Ashraf. "Sarwālī (Celosia cristata): Medicinal Importance in Perspective of Unani Medicine and Pharmacological Studies." Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 25, no. 2 (February 17, 2024): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i2516.
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Celosia cristata, commonly known as 'cockscomb,' is an annual erect herb belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. Locally referred to as 'Mawal,' it is cultivated in Kashmiri gardens for ornamental purposes and can be found growing naturally in the plains and up to an altitude of 5,000 ft. in the Himalayas. In traditional Unani Medicine, the seeds and inflorescence of Celosia cristata are utilized for treating various health conditions, including sexual weakness, leucorrhoea, haemorrhoids, haematuria, diarrhea, urinary tract infections, wounds, diabetes, and dysuria. Celosia species, including Celosia cristata, contains a diverse array of phytoconstituents such as phytosterols, saponin, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids. Numerous pharmacological studies have been conducted on this plant, revealing its hemostatic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-nociceptive, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. This paper aims to shed light on the therapeutic applications of Celosia cristata based on both traditional Unani literature and scientific studies conducted on different parts of the plant.
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Kinza Sadique and Dr. Muhammad Asif. "Survivance and Remembrance: A Study of Trauma and Chronotope in the Book of Gold Leaves." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(223-231).
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The book of Gold leaves by Mirza Waheed aims to present the interconnectedness of memory and trauma in making the survival of an individual complicated. Memory of any incident makes it traumatic when it returns with haunted effects. Remembrance of traumatic incidents makes survival complicated by creating a distressing situation for the devastated self by switching the timeless past into the present through Bakhtin's chronotopic images of time and place. Struggle to re-memorize the event through narration is like denying the traditional concept of indescribability of trauma and narration is equal to re-live that moment and be at that place again in the memory when places turned into traumatic sites and time ceased. Time becomes circular and these sites become a referent of that devastating time according to Caruth, it is the trauma of survival rather than the death that pinches most. Waheed's book of Gold leaves is a part of Kashmiri literature, explores the struggle to gain freedom and identity through collective losses. Intriguing situations of lockdown and bombings are enough to create hollow identities. Thus Words, being semantically analyzed, heighten the trauma of survival through the Spatio-temporal spectrum.
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G, Suganya, and V. Vijayalakshmi. "Postmemory Among the People of Kashmir Through the Novel “The Collaborator”." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 5 (April 7, 2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n5p284.
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Partition of India and Pakistan has provided a great legacy on the Indian Subcontinent. Since partition, the separation of two states has deeply wounded the people of Kashmir. The psychological and physical departure of the Kashmiris due to conflict has remained a dark historical event which has changed the social fabric and cultural values of the people practiced for centuries. War has captured the land since Independence, 1947. As the issue between Kashmir and Pakistan prevails for years together its impact has started to pass on from generation to generation. The saga of Kashmir carries mythological narration, the stories of war, conflict, loss of life, loss of home which passes along with the history of Kashmir. The people of Kashmir have experienced numerous psychological problems like anxiety, depression, suicides, loss of their home, loss of their loved once, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and so on. The depression that is in disguise is Post memory that passes through generation, which is traumatic and that appears in the form of stories which is inevitable in the life of Kashmiris. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the traumatic experience of the people in Kashmir due to war and conflict. This paper examines the concept of Post memory, through the novel The Collaborator by Mizra Waheed. Finally, the article concludes, in light of the descriptive study, the people of Kashmir under goes serious traumatic experiences due to war and the memories narrated by their ancestors through stories for generations which made the future generation to be stuck in the past.
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Gayas, Dr Gazala, and boudjemaa khalfalla. "Representation of Women in Kashmiri Literature: A Feministic Analysis of Mahjoor's "The Unwanted Woman's Tale" and Naseem Shiafaie''s "Neither a Shadow nor a Reflection"." International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature 10, no. 7 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.1007001.
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Ali, Ghazanfar, Sadia, Jia Nee Foo, Abdul Nasir, Chu-Hua Chang, Elaine GuoYan Chew, Zahid Latif, et al. "Identification of a Novel Homozygous Missense (c.443A>T:p.N148I) Mutation in BBS2 in a Kashmiri Family with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome." BioMed Research International 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6626015.
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Background. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder with distinctive clinical feature such as obesity, degeneration of retina, polydactyly, and renal abnormalities. The study was aimed at finding out the disease-causing variant/s in patients exhibiting clinical features of BBS. Methods. The identification of disease-causing variant was done by using whole exome sequencing on Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform involving the SeqCap EZ Exome v3 kit (Roche NimbleGen). The identified variant was further validated by Sanger sequencing. Results. WES revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (NM_031885: c.443A>T:p.N148I) in exon 3 of the BBS2 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed this variant as homozygous in both affected subjects and heterozygous in obligate parents, demonstrating autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this variant was not present in literature and all publically available databases. The candidate variant is predicted to be pathogenic by a set of in-silico softwares. Conclusion. Clinical and genetic spectrum of BBS and BBS-like disorders is not completely defined in the Pakistani as well as in Kashmiri population. Therefore, more comprehensive genetic studies are required to gain insights into genotype-phenotype associations to facilitate carrier screening and genetic counseling of families with such disorders.