Academic literature on the topic 'KASP marker'
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Journal articles on the topic "KASP marker"
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Cheon, Kyeong-Seong, Young-Min Jeong, Hyoja Oh, et al. "Development of 454 New Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) Markers for Temperate japonica Rice Varieties." Plants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111531.
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Temperate japonica rice varieties exhibit wide variation in the phenotypes of several important agronomic traits, including disease resistance, pre-harvest sprouting resistance, plant architecture, and grain quality, indicating the presence of genes contributing to favorable agronomic traits. However, gene mapping and molecular breeding has been hampered as a result of the low genetic diversity among cultivars and scarcity of polymorphic DNA markers. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers allow high-throughput genotyping for marker-assisted selection and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping within closely related populations. Previously, we identified 740,566 SNPs and developed 771 KASP markers for Korean temperate japonica rice varieties. However, additional markers were needed to provide sufficient genome coverage to support breeding programs. In this study, the 740,566 SNPs were categorized according to their predicted impacts on gene function. The high-impact, moderate-impact, modifier, and low-impact groups contained 703 (0.1%), 20,179 (2.7%), 699,866 (94.5%), and 19,818 (2.7%) SNPs, respectively. A subset of 357 SNPs from the high-impact group was selected for initial KASP marker development, resulting in 283 polymorphic KASP markers. After incorporation of the 283 markers with the 771 existing markers in a physical map, additional markers were developed to fill genomic regions with large gaps between markers, and 171 polymorphic KASP markers were successfully developed from 284 SNPs. Overall, a set of 1225 KASP markers was produced. The markers were evenly distributed across the rice genome, with average marker density of 3.3 KASP markers per Mbp. The 1225 KASP markers will facilitate QTL/gene mapping and marker-assisted selection in temperate japonica rice breeding programs.
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Majeed, Uzma, Essam Darwish, Shoaib Ur Rehman, and Xueyong Zhang. "Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP): A Singleplex Genotyping Platform and Its Application." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 1 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p11.
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Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can be detected by mining sequence databases or by using different singleplex or multiplex SNP genotyping platforms. Development of high-throughput genotyping molecular markers can be instrumental towards maximizing genetic gain. In this review we provide an overview of Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping platform requirements and its application that might be helpful in KASP marker development. This literature further illustrates the possibilities to design KASP primers. Several research institutes routinely using KASP platform, producing in excess of humungous data points yearly for breeding cultivars and as well as for medical and commercial purposes. KASP genotyping technology offers cost effectiveness and high throughput molecular marker development platform. Conventional molecular markers can be converted into more robust and high throughput KASP markers. More than 2000 published references clearly show the popularity of KASP technology among the researchers.
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Swisher Grimm, Kylie D., and Lyndon D. Porter. "Development and Validation of KASP Markers for the Identification of Pea seedborne mosaic virus Pathotype P1 Resistance in Pisum sativum." Plant Disease 104, no. 6 (2020): 1824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-19-1920-re.
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As pesticides have become heavily relied on for management of insect pests vectoring economically important pathogens of vegetable crops, development of pathogen-resistant germplasm remains a promising alternative to reduce or eliminate costly and timely chemical inputs. Molecular markers can be used to rapidly identify resistant genotypes to aid breeders in advancing germplasm. This study developed two kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) genotyping markers for rapid screening of Pisum sativum genotypes for resistance to Pea seedborne mosaic virus pathotype P1 (PSbMV-P1), the most economically devastating strain worldwide. The KASP markers differentiate two eIF4E PSbMV-P1-resistant allelic variants from susceptible eIF4E variants. A single nucleotide polymorphism (Resistant 1) and a 3-basepair deletion (Resistant 2) present in either of the two resistant alleles were used for marker design. Forty-four P. sativum lines previously characterized for resistance to PSbMV were inoculated with PSbMV-P1 in a greenhouse, observed for visual symptoms, assayed for virus susceptibility by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotyped by KASP marker analysis. The KASP markers were 100% accurate in characterizing PSbMV-P1-susceptible and PSbMV-P1-resistant genotypes when correlated with the ELISA results. The Resistant 1 marker also correlated with resistance to PSbMV pathotypes P2 and P4 completely, making this marker a new advanced tool for P. sativum breeding programs.
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Amalova, A., Yu Genievskaya, S. Abugalieva, V. Chudinov, and Ye Turuspekov. "VALIDATION OF MARKER-TRAIT ASSOCIATIONS IN SIX-ROWED BARLEY LINES BRED IN KAZAKHSTAN." Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology, no. 4 (October 5, 2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11134/btp.4.2022.5.
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Barley is an important cereal crop in Kazakhstan, mostly used for animal feeding, malting, and the food industry. The success of barley production is dependent on the genetic resources (cultivars) available, and local breeding programs that focus on the development of competitive cultivars. One way to develop new high-yielding cultivars and improve the efficiency of breeding programs is the application of modern molecular genetic and genomic tools. One such technology is genome-wide association study (GWAS), which has been successfully applied to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the valuable traits. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on GWAS can be converted to flexible and cost-effective KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) assays and validated for use in future marker-assisted breeding projects. The purpose of this study was to genotype eleven promising six-rowed barley lines using twenty-one KASP assays associated with agronomic traits reported in previous GWAS. The genotyping results suggested that only seven out of twenty-one KASP markers were polymorphic in this group of barley accessions. The t-test output suggested that six out of nine agronomic traits were significantly associated with seven KASPs. Notably, two assays (ipbb_hv_6, ipbb_hv_108) affected both vegetation period (VP) and yield per m2 (YM2) in conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, where barley is growing in more than 80% of total crop sowing areas of the country. The application of these highly informative KASP markers can help enhance the efficiency of local breeding projects in barley.
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Anuarbek, Shynar, Saule Abugalieva, and Yerlan Turuspekov. "Validation of Bread Wheat KASP Markers in Durum Wheat Lines in Kazakhstan." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 73, no. 5 (2019): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2019-0071.
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Abstract Development of efficient DNA markers plays an important role in modern breeding projects of many crops, including cultivated hexaploid bread wheat (BW) and tetraploid durum wheat (DW). Findings of genome-wide association studies on major polyploid crops, such as BW, may also help in molecular breeding studies in relative cultivated species with a similar genetic background, including DW. Therefore, the validation of identified quantitative trait loci or marker-trait associations is an important preliminary step in marker-assisted selection (MAS) oriented projects. In this study, thirty-two SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers of six agronomic traits identified in BW, harvested in Kazakhstan, were converted to KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) as-says. Generated 32 KASP assays were used in the analysis of 29 DW accessions from Kazakhstan. Firstly, the group of DW accessions was tested using replicated and randomised one-metre blocks in field conditions of southeast Kazakhstan and evaluated for main agronomic traits. The analysis showed that 14 KASP assays were polymorphic in the scoring of 29 DW accessions. The t-test suggested that the segregation in eight KASP assays was significantly associated with five agronomic traits. The study confirms robustness of KASP assays in MAS of DW breeding projects for the improvement of yield potential.
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Shrestha, Swati, Vincent Njung’e Michael, Yuqing Fu, and Geoffrey Meru. "Genetic Loci Associated with Resistance to Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus in Squash." Plants 10, no. 9 (2021): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091935.
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Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) is an aphid-transmitted potyvirus that causes severe yield losses in squash (Cucurbita moschata) production worldwide. Development of resistant cultivars using traditional breeding approaches relies on rigorous and resource-intensive phenotypic assays. QTL-seq, a whole genome re-sequencing based bulked segregant analysis, is a powerful tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in crop plants. In the current study, the QTL-seq approach was used to identify genetic loci associated with ZYMV resistance in an F2 population (n = 174) derived from a cross between Nigerian Local (resistant) and Butterbush (susceptible). Whole genome re-sequencing of the parents and bulks of resistant and susceptible F2 progeny revealed a mapping rate between 94.04% and 98.76%, and a final effective mapping depth ranging from 81.77 to 101.73 across samples. QTL-seq analysis identified four QTLs significantly (p < 0.05) associated with ZYMV resistance on chromosome 2 (QtlZYMV-C02), 4 (QtlZYMV-C04), 8 (QtlZYMV-C08) and 20 (QtlZYMV-C20). Seven markers within the QTL intervals were tested for association with ZYMV resistance in the entire F2 population. For QtlZYMV-C08, one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker (KASP-6) was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with ZYMV resistance, while two SNPs (KASP-1 and KASP-3) and an indel (Indel-2) marker were linked to resistance within QtlZYMV-C20. KASP-3 and KASP-6 are non-synonymous SNPs leading to amino acid substitutions in candidate disease resistant gene homologs on chromosomes 20 (CmoCh20G003040.1) and 8 (CmoCh08G007140.1), respectively. Identification of QTL and SNP markers associated with ZYMV resistance will facilitate marker-assisted selection for ZYMV resistance in squash.
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Yonet, Nilay, Yıldız Aydin, Goksel Evci, and Ahu Altinkut Uncuoglu. "Genomic Evaluation of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche Cumana) Germplasm by KASP Assay." Helia 41, no. 68 (2018): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2017-0016.
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AbstractOrobanche cumana Wallr. is a holoparasitic plant for only sunflower, hence it is called as sunflower broomrape. Yield loss created by O. cumana which is generally 50 % can reach to 100 %. In this study, it was planned to perform molecular characterization of O. cumana germplasm as nine locations of Thrace region obtained from Trakya Agricultural Research Institute by using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, widely used in plant breeding programs, in Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assay which is a fluorescent tagged allele specific PCR method based, economic, reliable and easily repeatable genotyping technology. Databases and literature were scanned to spot variations on O. cumana genome which is not known clearly. So far, four SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker (Ocum-197, Ocum-006, Ocum-023 and Ocum-151) regions showing polymorphic pattern were used for searching possible SNPs. Primer pairs were designed for amplification of the regions possibly having SNPs and PCR amplifications with these primer pairs were performed and 1 candidate deletion was detected on the amplicon which was amplified by Ocum-197 SSR marker. Following, the deletion was converted to KASP primers and KASP assay was performed. The deletion marker, Del-197, has grouped the samples from nine locations in the resulting allelic discrimination plot and infestation was performed according to this grouping, As a conclusion, Del-197 is considered as a selective marker for the ability to rapidly assay allelic variation at DNA markers for O. cumana populations that have effects on infestation results were evaluated as races, F, G, H and I in Thrace region.
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Radanović, Aleksandra, Yves Sprycha, Milan Jocković, et al. "KASP Markers Specific for the Fertility Restorer Locus Rf1 and Application for Genetic Purity Testing in Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)." Genes 13, no. 3 (2022): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030465.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with fertility restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) PET1 by the restorer gene Rf1. For these SNPs, four Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully designed. The KASP markers cover the fertility restorer locus Rf1, spanning about 3 Mb, and clearly differentiate restorer and maintainer lines. For genetic purity testing in sunflower hybrid production, the efficiency for detecting contaminations in samples was simulated using mixtures of hypocotyls or leaves. Contaminations of restorer lines with 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 50% of maintainer lines were screened with all four KASP markers. Contaminations of 10% could be clearly detected in pools of 100 plants. Contaminations below this level require detection on a single plant level. For single plant detections, ethyl methanesulfonate-treated sunflower F1 hybrids, which had been phenotypically evaluated for male sterility (potential mutation in the Rf1 gene) were screened. Nine identified either partially male-sterile or male-sterile plants were analyzed with all four KASP markers and only one proved to be a hybrid with a mutation, seven were male-sterile contaminants in the F1 seeds used (1.6%) and one a recombinant plant. The four KASP markers should be valuable tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in sunflower breeding regarding the restorer locus Rf1.
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Genievskaya, Yu, Sh Almerekova, V. Chudinov, Ye Turuspekov, and S. Abugalieva. "Validation of KASP assays associated with barley adaptation and productivity traits." Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology, no. 3 (September 16, 2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11134/btp.3.2022.8.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop traditionally used in animal feed, malting, and food production. In Kazakhstan, barley is the second most cultivated cereal grain. However, despite the long history of barley cultivation in Kazakhstan, traditional breeding methods prevail here. The introduction of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the breeding process may improve the adaptation and productivity of local cultivars, as well as help in the development of new ones. For that, validation of 23 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays for adaptation and productivity traits developed using previous GWAS results was performed. The collection of 35 two-rowed barley promising lines was grown at the Kazakh research institute of agriculture and plant growing (KRIAPG, Almaty region, Kazakhstan) in 2021 and studied for 5 adaptation-related (heading time, heading-maturity time, plant height, peduncle length, and spike length) and 5 productivity-related (number of kernels per spike, the weight of kernels per spike, weight of kernels per plant, thousand kernels weight, and yield per m2) traits. The same collection was genotyped using 23 KASP assays. As a result, 21 KASPs demonstrated a good level of polymorphism (MAF > 0.10 and I > 0.36) in the studied barley collection. Six KASP assays confirmed their associations with adaptation and productivity traits (P < 0.05); nine KASPs were associated with other agronomic traits (P < 0.05). Nine KASP assays were identified for adaptation traits, one assay was detected for productivity traits and six KASPs were found to be associated with both types of traits. Four KASP assays (ipbb_hv_9, ipbb_hv_101, ipbb_hv_109, and ipbb_hv_110) confirmed significant (P < 0.05) effect of shorter heading-maturity time on higher productivity traits under stress conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. Thus, in this study fifteen out of the studied twenty-one KASP assays were validated for their associations with adaptation and productivity traits and potentially can be included in the barley breeding projects.
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Volkova, N. E., H. Slishchuk, V. Sichkar, and O. Zakharova. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the chickpea gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase: molecular-genetical analysis." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 30 (September 1, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1454.
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Aim. Chickpea AHAS gene molecular-marker analysis. To achieve this aim following tasks were set: chickpea AHAS gene SNP markers research and development, chickpea varieties and samples genotyping by the markers. Methods. CTAB method of DNA isolation and purification, real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Chickpea AHAS1 gene KASP gene specificity was found: there were no DNA amplification with lens and maize samples observed. Three Ukrainian chickpea varieties and 28 ICRISAT collection samples KASP genotyping detected only wild-type C-allele. Authors own SNP markers 58 chickpea samples genotyping showed that AHAS1 gene within samples was homozygous, no mutant T allele was detected. Conclusions. 31 chickpea samples contained wild-type C-allele by KASP genotyping, which is associated with imidazoline herbicide susceptibility. 58 chickpea samples contained C-allele by authors own SNP markers genotyping. Mutant T-allele that is associated with tolerance absence indicates researched samples imidazole herbicide tolerance low level.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "KASP marker"
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Benazir, Katarina Marquez. "Molecular Marker Applications in Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Breeding and Germplasm Diagnostics." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31148.
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The ability to identify germplasm and select traits accurately is fundamental to successful plant breeding. Pedigrees and molecular markers facilitate these processes; however misleading experimental results can occur when incorrect relationships and/or cultivar names are recorded. Molecular markers can identify these inconsistencies, and with advances in genotyping technology these diagnostics can be done faster and more objectively. This study aimed to develop molecular marker assays and graphical genotyping methodologies for cultivar identification, seed purity assessment and trait selection in oat (Avena sativa L.). KBioscience’s Allele-Specific PCR (KASP™) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technologies were applied to a set of current Canadian oat cultivars to evaluate their utility for identifying cultivars and detecting intra-cultivar variation. Both KASP™ and GBS detected different extents of heterogeneity among a set of 160 seeds that originated from four seed sources of four cultivars. In both cases, the detected variation did not appear to be limited to a specific cultivar or seed source, reinforcing that all cultivars are heterogeneous. Graphical genotyping localized heterogeneity to specific chromosome regions, thereby distinguishing physical contamination from true genetic heterogeneity and heterozygosity. Pre-existing genotype data for 700 oat cultivars and breeding lines were also used to construct graphical genotypes for pedigree validation and discovery of potential sources for favourable quantitative trait loci (QTL) alleles. This methodology used historical QTLs and anchoring markers to identify 25 putative “high oil” allele carriers. The results from this study will provide diagnostic tools for cultivar identification and pedigree validation, in addition to meaningful information about existing heterogeneity and possible QTL locations in current cultivars.
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Harrison, Nicole Rezac. "Using next-generation sequencing technologies to develop new molecular markers for the leaf rust resistance gene Lr16." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17662.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Plant Pathology<br>John P. Fellers<br>Allan K. Fritz<br>Leaf rust is caused by Puccinia triticina and is one of the most widespread diseases of wheat worldwide. Breeding for resistance is one of the most effective methods of control. Lr16 is a leaf rust resistance gene that provides partial resistance at the seedling stage. One objective of this study was to use RNA-seq and in silico subtraction to develop new resistance gene analog (RGA) markers linked to Lr16. RNA was isolated from the susceptible wheat cultivar Thatcher (Tc) and the resistant Thatcher isolines TcLr10, TcLr16, and TcLr21. Using in silico subtraction, Tc isoline ESTs that did not align to the Tc reference were assembled into contigs and analyzed using BLAST. Primers were designed from 137 resistance gene analog sequences not found in Tc. A population of 260 F[subscript]2 lines derived from a cross between the rust-susceptible cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) and a Thatcher isoline containing Lr16 (TcLr16) was developed for mapping these markers. Two RGA markers XRGA266585 and XRGA22128 were identified that mapped 1.1 cM and 23.8 cM from Lr16, respectively. Three SSR markers Xwmc764, Xwmc661, and Xbarc35 mapped between these two RGA markers at distances of 4.1 cM, 10.7 cM, and 16.1 cM from Lr16, respectively. Another objective of this study was to use genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers closely linked to Lr16. DNA from 22 resistant and 22 susceptible F[subscript]2 plants from a cross between CS and TcLr16 was used for GBS analysis. A total of 39 Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers were designed from SNPs identified using the UNEAK and Tassel pipelines. The KASP marker XSNP16_TP1456 mapped 0.7 cM proximal to Lr16 in a TcxTcLr16 population consisting of 129 F[subscript]2 plants. These results indicate that both techniques are viable methods to develop new molecular markers. RNA-seq and in silico subtraction were successfully used to develop two new RGA markers linked to Lr16, one of which was more closely linked than known SSR markers. GBS was also successfully used on an F[subscript]2 population to develop a KASP marker that is the most closely linked marker to Lr16 to date.
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Žitinevičiūtė, Dovilė. "Aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų emigracija kaip darbo rinkos politikos Lietuvoje atspindys." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20140626_200447-51947.
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Migracijos reiškinys yra analizuojamas jau seniai. Iki Lietuvos narystės ES (ir po Lietuvos įstojimo į ES) paskelbta daug darbų migracijos tema. Ypač skaudi valstybei bei aktuali yra aukštąjį išsilavinimą turinčių žmonių emigracija, nes tokiu būdu yra ne tik prarandamos lėšos įdėtos į kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos paruošimą, bet ir prastėja valstybės teikiamų paslaugų kokybė, smunka vidutinis šalies kvalifikacijos lygis, o kartu ir šalies konkurencingumas tarptautinėje rinkoje. Darbo objektas – darbo rinkos politikos įtaka aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų emigracijai. Pagrindiniai uždaviniai - išryškinti emigracijos esmę bei pasekmes; išskirti teorinius aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistams pritaikytus bei su darbo rinka susijusius emigracijos veiksnius; atskleisti Lietuvoje taikomą migracijos politiką; įvertinti aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų emigracijos veiksnius Lietuvoje, didelį dėmesį skiriant darbo rinkos politikai; atlikti ketinimų emigruoti dėl darbo rinkos situacijos kiekybinį tyrimą bei sukurti jo rezultatus apibendrinantį modelį. Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje išryškinama teoriniai aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistų migracijos aspektai, antrojoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjama statistiniai su emigracija susiję Lietuvos ir emigracijos tikslo šalių duomenys, trečiojoje darbo dalyje atliekamas empirinis tyrimas, siekiant įvertinti ketinimų emigruoti sąryšį su darbo rinkos situaciją. Pagal tyrimų rezultatus, pateikiamos išvados bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The subject of the Master work is emigration of highly qualified specialists. Emigration of highly qualified specialists is known for a long period of time, just now the scales of emigration is higher than ever. Economic recession is playing a big part in this, as all the countries are affected by recession at the different level. Due to migration of highly qualified specialists government looses money, which was spend in gaining the qualification, as well country looses tax payers and overall country looses competitiveness in international arena. The object of the study is the influence of labor market policy to the emigration of highly qualified specialists. The main tasks are to highlight the nature and consequences of emigration; to reveal theoretical immigration–related factors; to evaluate Lithuania’s migration policy; focusing on labor market policy to distinguish to high–qualified specialists orientated emigration factors; to perform a quantitative survey and create a model summarizing the results. Work structure: work consists of three main parts: in the first part is made an analysis of theoretical high qualified specialists emigration aspects, in the second part is made a statistical analysis of Lithuania’s and other countries migration related data and in third – an empirical research made to evaluate the influence of labor market factors to the emigration decision. Working volume: 73 pages, 23 tables, 26 figures and 83 references used: 55 Lithuanian and 28... [to full text]
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Roberts-Lombard, Mornay. "Verhoudingsbemarking by reisagentskappe in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie / Mornay Roberts-Lombard." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1731.
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Cera, Denis. "Avtalad upphovsrätt : En studie av förslagen till en reformering av 3 kap. upphovsrättslagen." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19108.
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De lagstadgade bestämmelser som reglerar upphovsrättens övergång återfinns i 3 kap. upphovsrättslagen. Från flera håll har kritiska röster väckts om att dessa bestämmelser behöver överses och moderniseras för att hänga med den kontinuerligt pågående utvecklingen av dels teknik men framför allt den upphovsrättsliga marknaden. I samband med detta har Upphovsrättsutredningen sammanställt ett SOU-förslag som benämnts Avtalad upphovsrätt. Där flerstående förslag till förändringar och tillägg utav de nuvarande bestämmelserna ges. Genom detta SOU-förslag har utredningen noggrant granskat och kommit med förslag till bestämmelser som behöver förändras eller införas. Grundtanken har ansetts vara att undersöka huruvida upphovsmännens ställning som avtalsparter bör stärkas på den upphovsrättsliga marknaden. Denna uppsats kommer att granska dessa förslag, sammanställa dem mot de nuvarande bestämmelserna och framför allt diskutera vilken betydelse dessa förslag har för det nuvarande rättsläget och upphovsmännens ställning.<br>The stipulations that regulate both the economical and non-profitable aspects of copyright transactions are to be found within the third chapter of the Swedish Copyright Law. Critics have claimed that the current regulations regarding copyright transactions are outdated. It has been pointed out that these regulations need to be updated as regarding to the development of the current technology and the changing copyright market. In accordance with these claims, the board investigating the Swedish Copyright Law - issued by the Swedish government – has presented a motion named Contracted copyright. This motion contains several changes and supplements to the current regulations in the third chapter of the Swedish Copyright Law. The board has through this motion investigated whether and to what extent the current regulations need to be changed in accordance with the current development of the copyright market. The general idea has been to investigate whether the copyright authors require an extended protection on the copyright market. Therefore the purpose of this essay has been to investigate these suggested changes to the current regulations. In order to determine whether they serve their suggested purpose and how they will affect the current legal position.
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Andreasson, Ulf. "Arbetslösa i rörelse : Organisationssträvanden och politisk kamp inom arbetslöshetsrörelsen i Sverige, 1920-34." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi och teknikhistoria, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4749.
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This doctoral thesis sets out to analyse the development of the unemployed movement in Sweden during the period 1920–34. The study is divided into two parts. The first is empirical and descriptive while the second is interpretive and explanatory, and seeks to examine why this phenomenon developed in the way it did. Mass unemployment in Sweden between the World Wars did not cause the same social tensions as in many other countries. This relative peace endured despite high and consistent unemployment and hard living conditions for the unemployed. These conditions served as sources for tensions present in the unemployed movement, and which some actors sought to take advantage of and even exacerbate. Andréasson argues that a major reason that society did not take a more radical turn in the period was that the reformist labour movement actively moderated these tensions. This was done by the Social Democratic Party (SAP) changing the environment of the unemployed organisations, for example by using local unemployment policy to polish off the rough edges of the national unemployment policy. More important was the crisis politics in the early 1930s that helped narrow the socio-economic gap between those who had and those who did not have a job. The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) neutralised the movement of the unemployed by introducing changes within the unemployed movement itself, involving a variety of strategies. After 1933, the LO and SAP dominated and were able to direct the activities of most of the organisations that existed. Gaining control over the unemployed was as important for the LO and SAP as being able to exert control over other forces that might threaten to weaken their long-term strategies and aims. There was a conviction within the unemployed movement that mass unemployment was largely a consequence of technological developments in production. This argument had roots dating back to the early stages of industrialism in England when Luddites had attacked production machinery. The coalition of organisations of unemployed workers in Sweden during the 1920s and 1930s did not seriously consider engaging in machine-breaking activities. The movement’s criticism of technology did not extend into the Swedish model which envisioned the development of machinery as a way to prevent rising unemployment.<br>QC 20100628
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Munoz-Bendix, Christopher [Verfasser], Marcel Alexander [Gutachter] Kamp, and Sebastian [Gutachter] Gehrmann. "Current neurosurgical concepts and outcome predictors of cerebral metastases resection / Christopher Munoz-Bendix ; Gutachter: Marcel Alexander Kamp, Sebastian Gehrmann." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1202603793/34.
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Barakat, Mohammed, and Rolf Östergren. "”Maten är kass, men lärarna är snälla” : Recensioner av gymnasieskolor - ett beslutsunderlag för gymnasievalet på skolmarknaden." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5597.
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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en förståelse för vad det är elever som söker till gymnasieskolan kan tänkas möta då de läser recensionstexter. Syftet är således att kartlägga recensionssystemets omfattning och innehåll kvantitativt; vad som tas upp i recensionstexterna, samt att undersöka hur recensionstexterna är konstruerade. Avslutningsvis syftar uppsatsen till att diskutera recensionssystemet i en större samhällskontext - som ett resultat av och en del i vår samtid. Vilka ämnen och teman förekommer i recensionstexter av gymnasieskolor samt hur frekvent är förekomsten? Hur värderas (positivt, negativt eller neutralt) de olika temana i recensionerna? På vilket sätt är recensionstexterna konstruerade och hur kan det tolkas? På vilket sätt framträder en skolmarknadsdiskurs i recensionstexterna? Metod De kvantitativa frågorna undersöks genom en innehållsanalys av slumpmässigt utvalda recensioner på gymnasieskolor i Stockholms län. De förekomna orden kvantifieras och delas in i teman, kategorieroch subkategorier. En bedömning görs även utifrån om de förekomna orden lyfts i en positiv, negativ eller neutral kontext. Den kvalitativa delen utgörs av en textanalys inspirerad av diskursanalysen. Av ett antal utvalda recensioner, baserat på dess innehållsliga relevans, analyseras dessa semantiskt med diskursanalytiska verktyg. I diskussions- och analysdelen behandlas resultatet utifrån det teoretiska ramverket och tidigare forskning. Resultat Av innehållsanalysen framgår att de vanligast förekommande temana var allmänna värdeomdömen om skolan, att kommentera lärare samt skolans upplägg och utbildningens kvalité. Det är även vanligt att sociala aspekter så som atmosfär och gemenskap lyfts fram i recensionerna. Av den kvalitativa delen framgår det att recensenterna uttrycker sig på ett sätt som speglar skolmarknadsdiskursen. I somliga fall framgår tydligt hur recensenten anammat skolmarknadsdiskursen. Slutsats Resultatet indikerar att recensionssystemet riskerar att generera segregerande effekter. Framförallt utifrån den asymmetriska tillgången av information och att skola och identitet knyts allt närmare varandra. Detta förtydligas och ställs på sin spets i hur recensionerna är konstruerade och kan, i vissa fall, tänkas vara svårare att bearbeta då gemene elev tenderar att se recensenter som objektiva (till skillnad från övrig tillgänglig information).<br>Aim The aim with this study is to explore what kind of information pupils, searching for upper secondary school, might get from reading reviews of schools. The purpose is thus to quantify the scope and content of the review system quantitatively; what is mentioned in the review texts, and to examine how the review are textually constructed. Finally, the paper aims to discuss the review system in a larger social context - as a result of and a part of our time. What topics occur in reviews of upper secondary schools and how frequent is the occurrence? How are the different themes in the reviews valued (positive, negative or neutral)? In what way are the review texts constructed and how can it be interpreted? In what way does a school market discourse appear in the reviews? Method The quantitative questions are examined through a content analysis on randomly selected reviews of upper secondary schools in Stockholm County. The words in question are quantified and divided into themes, categories and subcategories. An assessment is also made based on whether the existing words are lifted in a positive, negative or neutral context. The qualitative part consists of a text analysis inspired by the discourse analysis. From a number of selected reviews, based on its substantive relevance, these are semantically analyzed with discourse analytics tools. In a merged discussion and analysis section, the result is treated on the basis of the theoretical framework and previous research. Results The content analysis shows that the most common themes were general value reviews of the school, commenting on teachers and the school's structure and the quality of the education. It is also common to mention social aspects such as atmosphere and cohesion. From the qualitative part it appears that the reviewers express themselves in a way that reflects the school market discourse. In some cases, it is clear that the reviewer has adopted the school market discourse. Conclusion The result indicates that the review system risks generating segregating effects. Especially based on the asymmetric availability of information and the fact that school and identity are getting more connected. This is clarified and put on its tip in how the reviews are constructed and, in some cases, may be more difficult to process when the common student tends to see reviewers as objective (in contrast to other available sources of information).
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Itenge-Mweza, Theopoline Omagano. "Identification of genetic markers associated with wool quality traits in merino sheep." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2000.
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A candidate gene approach was used to identify potential genetic markers associated with wool quality traits including mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre diameter standard deviation (FDSD), coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVD), prickle factor, curvature, yellowness, brightness, staple strength, staple length, yield, greasy fleece weight (GFW) and clean fleece weight (CFW). Inheritance of potential genetic markers was studied in two half-sib Merino families and assessed for association with the wool quality traits. The sire for one of the half-sib families is referred to as MV144-58-00, and wool measurements from its progeny were taken at 12 (n = 131), 24 (n =128) and 36 (n = 37) months of age. The sire for the second half-sib family is referred to as Stoneyhurst, and wool measurements from its progeny (n = 35) were taken at 12 months of age. Genes that code for the keratin intermediate-filament proteins (KRTs) (KRT1.2, KRT2.10) and the keratin intermediate-filament-associated proteins (KAPs) (KAPl.1, KAPl.3, KAP3.2, KAP6.1, KAP 7, KAP8) were targeted for this investigation, along with the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene and microsatellites BfMS and OarFCB193. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments from each locus and PCR- single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to detect polymorphism within the half-sib families for all the loci, except for the KAP1.1 gene, where length polymorphism was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Only the loci that were heterozygous for the sire (KAP1.1, KAP1.3, KRT1.2, ADRB3, KAP8) and hence were informative, were genotyped in the progeny. The total number of alleles observed at the KAP1.1, KAP1.3, KRT1.2, KAP8 and the ADRB3 loci were four, ten, six, five and six, respectively. Analysis of each of the informative loci revealed allelic associations with various wool traits. In the MV144-58-00 (genotypes KAP1.1 AB; KAP1.3 BD; KRT1.2 AB; ADRB3 CE) half-sib, inheritance of the KAP1.1 A allele was associated with a higher yield at 24 months of age (P = 0.037). This trend also observed at 36 months of age (P = 0.078). At 12 months of age, the KAP1.1 A allele tended to be associated with increased staple length (P = 0.08). At 36 months of age, the inheritance of the KAP1.1 B allele tended towards being associated with whiter wool (P = 0.080). The MV144-58-00 KAP1.3 D allele tended to be associated with increased yield at 24 and 36 months of age (P = 0.091 and 0.059, respectively), and with lower FDSD at 12 months of age (P = 0.055). The sire KAP1.3 B allele was associated with whiter wool colour at 36 months of age (P = 0.045). The inheritance of the MV144-58-00 KR T1.2 B allele was associated with or tended to be associated with a smaller FDSD (P = 0.040), an increase in staple strength (P = 0.025) and an increase in GFW (P = 0.069) at 12 months of age. At 24 months of age, the KR T1.2 B allele tended to be associated with increased yield (P = 0.057). At 36 months of age, the KRTl.2 A allele was associated with whiter wool (P = 0.019) and tended to be associated with increased crimp within the wool fibre (P = 0.089). In the Stoneyhurst (genotypes KAP1.1 BC; KAP1.3 CJ; KRT1.2 DE; ADRB3 CE) half-sib, inheritance of the KAP1.1 B allele was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.018) and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.039). In contrast, KAP1.1 C allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.018) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.039). Associations observed with the inheritance of Stoneyhurst KAP 1.1 alleles were similar to the inheritance ofKAPl.3 alleles. Stoneyhurst KAP1.3 J allele was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.017) and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.010). In contrast, KAP1.3 C allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.017) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.010). The Stoneyhurst KRT12 D allele was associated with longer staple length and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.033). In contrast, KRT1.2 E allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.033) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.022). Sire alleles at the ADRB3 gene locus were associated with variation in staple strength (P = 0.025) for MV144-58-00's progeny, and with variation in yield (P = 0.023) for Stoneyhurst's progeny. The results obtained in this thesis are consistent with KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 being clustered on one chromosome because both sires in this study passed on two major KAP1.1-KAP1.3-KRT1.2 haplotypes to their progeny, and the associations with wool traits were very similar for all the three loci. The major sire derived KAP1.1 – KAP1.3 - KRT1.2 haplotypes observed within the MV144-58-00 half-sib were: BBA (frequency of 43.4%; n = 43) and ADB (frequency of 44.4%; n = 44). Other minor haplotypes observed were: ADA (frequency of 4.0%; n = 4); BDA (frequency of 2.0%; n = 2); BBB (frequency of 3.0%; n = 3) and BDB (frequency of 3.0%; n = 3). In the Stoneyhurst half-sib, major sire-derived KAP 1.1 - KAP 1.3 - KR Tl.2 haplotypes observed were CCE (frequency of 53.1 %; n = 17) and BJD (frequency of 40.6%; n = 13). The minor haplotype BJE (frequency of 6.3%; n = 2) was also observed. Statistical analyses within the MVI44-58-00 half-sib showed that KAP1.1 AKAP1.3 D - KRT1.2 B haplotype was associated with increased yield (P = 0.023) and tended towards whiter wool colour (P = 0.059), smaller FDSD (P = 0.081) and stronger staple strength (P = 0.092). In the Stoneyhurst half-sib, the KAP1.1 B - KAP1.3 J - KRT1.2 D haplotype was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.010), while the KAP1.1 C - KAP1.3 C - KRT1.2 E haplotype showed a strong trend with increased wool brightness (P = 0.096). Result from this study indicated that the keratin genes on chromosome 11 are recombining relatively frequently at recombination "hotspots". A high rate of recombination among loci that impact on wool traits would make breeding for consistent wool quality very difficult. The results presented in this thesis suggest that genes coding for the KRTs and KAPs have the potential to impact on wool quality. KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 could potentially be exploited in gene marker-assisted selection programmes within the wool industry to select for animals with increased staple length, 'increased staple strength, higher yield and brighter wool. This study was however limited to two half-sib families, and further investigation is required.
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Diekmann, Hanna Ursula [Verfasser], F. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaup, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann. "Analysis of the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis in canine stifle joints considering three bone healing markers / Hanna Ursula Diekmann ; F.-J. Kaup, Stephan Neumann." Hannover : Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1179209176/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "KASP marker"
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Īrān, Markaz-i. Āmār-i. Natāyij-i āmārgīrī az kārgāhhā-yi khadamāt-i kasb va kār, sāl-i 1380. Mudīrīyat-i Intishārāt va Iṭṭilāʻʹrasānī, 2002.
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Hanʾguk chabon chayuhwa wa kŭmnyung chayuhwa ŭi kŭnnyŏn pyŏnhwa: OECD kaip mit IMF satʻae ihu ŭi silsang, pʻyŏngka mit taeŭng. Sŏul Taehakkyo Chʻulpʻanbu, 2004.
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Čhanthawānit, Suphāng. Talāt rǣngngān Thai nai ʻĒchīa Tawanʻō̜k læ ʻĒchīa Tawanʻō̜k Chīang Tai kap phon krathop čhāk phāwa sētthakit thotthō̜i nai plāi sattawat thī 90: Rāingān phon sangkhro̜. Sūn Wic̆hai Kānyāithin Hǣng ʻĒchīa, Sathāban ʻĒchīasưksā, Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai, 2001.
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Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, ed. Pro-poor development and poverty reduction in Uganda and the idea of social market economy: Proceedings of a high-level roundtable discussion organised by the African Centre for Trade and Development (ACTADE) with support from the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Thursday, 3 November 2011, Serena Hotel Kampala. ACTADE, 2011.
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Cramer, James J., and Douglas A. Kass. Doug Kass on the Market: A Life on TheStreet. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Cramer, James J., and Douglas A. Kass. Doug Kass on the Market: A Life on TheStreet. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Martínez-François, Juan Ramón, Nika N. Danial, and Gary Yellen. Metabolic Seizure Resistance via BAD and KATP Channels. Edited by Detlev Boison. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0028.
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On a ketogenic diet, ketone bodies provide an alternative fuel, replacing much of the glucose used ordinarily by the brain. This switch is thought to underlie its anticonvulsant effects. Brain fuel utilization can also be modified by a nondietary approach: genetic alteration of the protein BAD, which has known roles in regulating both apoptosis and glucose metabolism. When the metabolic function of BAD is genetically altered in mice, it produces reduced glucose and increased ketone body metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This effect is related to regulation of BAD by phosphorylation and is independent of its apoptotic function. Mice with BAD modifications that produce decreased glucose metabolism exhibit a marked increase in the activity of neuronal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and strong resistance to behavioral and electrographic seizures in vivo. This seizure resistance is lost upon genetic ablation of KATP channels, suggesting that KATP channels mediate BAD’s anticonvulsant effect.
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Köhler, Thomas, and Thomas Köster, eds. Arbeit einspunktnull. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845296814.
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The future of work is an issue everyone is talking about. However, the changes to work caused by the digital age arrived in the present long ago. In this study, the authors examine the challenges posed by this fact as concretely as possible and classify them in terms of social ethics because the values and convictions that have characterised the German job market for decades are still valid today. Even if jobs have changed, the social and personal significance of work remains the same. We should therefore change our perspective of employment from Work 4.0 to Work 1.0. With contributions by Eva M. Welskop-Deffaa, Emma Sommerfeld, Gisela Schurath, Karl Schiewerling, Eva Rindfleisch, Annette Niederfranke, Justus Lenz, Dagmar König, Martin Kamp, Regina Görner, Nils Goldschmidt, Carlos Frischmuth, Ralf Brauksiepe, Egbert Biermann, Karlies Abmeier und Patricia Ehret.
Book chapters on the topic "KASP marker"
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Burow, Gloria, Ratan Chopra, Halee Hughes, Zhanguo Xin, and John Burke. "Marker Assisted Selection in Sorghum Using KASP Assay for the Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism/Insertion Deletion." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9039-9_6.
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"Developing a General Market View." In Kase on Technical Analysis Workbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119209737.ch11.
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"Developing a General Market View." In Kase on Technical Analysis Workbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119209737.ch23.
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Omagano Itenge, Theopoline. "Application of PCR Technique to Detect Polymorphism of the KRTAP1.1 Gene in Three Sheep Breeds - A Review." In Analytical Chemistry - Advancement, Perspectives and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96941.
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The quality of wool and pelt products depends on the quality of the wool and pelt grown on farm. Genes coding for the proteins involved in the structural components of wool fibre; keratin intermediate filaments (KRTs) and keratin keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) have been extensively researched. The KAPs form a matrix in which the KRTs are embedded. In sheep, KRTAP1.1 (previously B2A) is one of the four genes encoding proteins that make up the KAP1.n family. The ovine KRTAP1.1 gene is clustered with the KRTAP1.3 and KRTAP1.4 genes on chromosome 11. In this chapter, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Applied Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) typing method used to detect polymorphism in the KRTAP1.1 gene is reviewed. Three length variation KRTAP1.1 alleles; named A, B and C, of the lengths 341 base pair, 311 base pair and 281 base pair, respectively have been reported in three sheep breeds; Romney sheep of New Zealand, Merino sheep of New Zealand and Swakara sheep of Namibia. Genetic variation within the KRTs and KAPs can be further exploited to determine as to whether such variation impacts on wool quality. The presence of genetic variation within KRTs and KAPs offers opportunities for the development of gene markers affecting wool and pelt quality traits.
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Ungku Zainal Abidin, Ungku Fatimah, Maimunah Sanny, and Nur Hanani Zainal Abedin. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Polystyrene Food Packaging Usage Among Food Operators." In Food Safety Practices in the Restaurant Industry. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7415-7.ch005.
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Polystyrene is commonly used on a daily basis for the packaging of takeaways as if people assume that it is safe. Although studies show the migration of styrene into food could cause adverse health impacts such as cancer, neurotoxicity, and hormone-related problems, less is known about public awareness of its risk. This chapter presents a study conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of polystyrene food packaging usage among food operators (i.e., hawkers, restaurants, and night market). Data were collected using self-administered to survey 115 food operators. Results show that the food operators have a moderate knowledge and attitude in polystyrene usage. Their practice in polystyrene usage is still poor. Food operators from restaurants had the highest level of KAP compared to hawker and night markets. The finding could provide some guides in developing interventions to educate food operators about food safety issues related to polystyrene.
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Heavin, Ciara, and Frederic Adam. "Customer Knowledge Management (CKM)." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6547-7.ch023.
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SMEs operating in high-tech sectors are typically reliant on specialist knowledge to help them build the right product with the objective of meeting customer needs. The nature of niche software markets means that products must be closely informed by customer requirements for the software product to be a success. The importance of understanding how smaller organisations manage knowledge has become vital to their success; however, there remains a dearth of empirical research in SMEs in the area of IS research. Using a qualitative analysis approach in five Irish software SMEs, this chapter identifies how this type of organisation leverages their customers as external knowledge resources, with particular emphasis on knowledge acquisition, a Knowledge Activity (KA) in which customers play a significant part. Through the establishment of KAs a firm can develop an approach to Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) to build value-creating relationships with a reliable customer base.
Conference papers on the topic "KASP marker"
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"Whole genome sequencing and development of KASP markers for genotyping the West Siberian wheat stem rust population." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-346.
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Černiauskas, Giedrius, and Jolita Kruopienė. "Maisto pramonės technologinių įrenginių gamybos įmonės veiklos metu susidarančių atliekų analizė ir prevencijos būdai." In 23-oji jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminė konferencija APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2020.003.
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Visose gamybinėse įmonėse susidaro tam tikrų gamybinių ir buitinių atliekų. Atliekų tvarkymas ir prevencija yra neatsiejama įmonės veiklos dalis. Visuose gamybose procesuose turi būti atsižvelgta ir į tai, kaip sumažinti gaunamų atliekų kiekį arba jį visai eliminuoti. Straipsnyje analizuojama maisto pramonės technologinių įrenginių gamybos įmonė. Pasirinktoje įmonėje buvo sudaryta procesų medžiagų ir energijos srautų diagrama, surinkti įmonės vedamos statistikos duomenys, taip buvo išskirtos dvi pagrindinės įmonėje susidarančios atliekos – popierius ir metalas (AISI304 ir AISI316 markių nerūdijantis plienas). Atlikus tiriamosios įmonės analizę, buvo pasiūlyta atliekų prevencijai tinkamas sprendimas: popierinius brėžinius pakeisti į skaitmeninius. Atlikus būvio ciklo vertinimą nustatyta, kaip keisis poveikis aplinkai, jei būtų įdiegtas šis sprendimas. Nustatyta, kad naudojant skaitmeninius brėžinius vietoje popierinių, poveikis aplinkai labai stipriai sumažėtų. Taip pat nustatyta, kad pagrindinė metalo atliekų gamyboje susidarymo priežastis yra neefektyvus lazerio naudojimas ir brokas, susijęs su standartų neatitinkančiais technologiniais mazgais.