Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kavarna'

The topic of the diploma thesis is the design of the Luzanky sport complex in Brno. The main objective of the diploma project was to create a new modern sport recreation area which will be situated next to the existing swimming pool. The main function is an aquapark with indoor and outdoor pools, which will fulfil all needs of visitors. There are few other functions added, such as café, smaller fitness and massages. Absolutely main objective is to connect the existing pool with the pools of the Aquapark - so the visitors could be using all indoor swimming areas. There are also parking spots designed within this project - nearby is a parking garage connected by footbridge leading from the existing swimming pool alongside the Aquapark building. This footbridge is intended for people who come to Brno to the Aquapark - for families with children that is - therefore it ensures safe and uninterrupted crossing from the garage to the new Aquapark complex. This complex will meet the requirements and current expectations of the visitors in the area. It will also increase the attractiveness of the entire territory.

This thesis is a study of the British writer Anna Kavan (1901-1968). It begins by tracing Kavan’s life and examining the mythologies around her radical selfreinvention (in adopting the name of her own fictional character), madness and drug addiction. It attempts to map a place for her previously neglected work in twentieth-century women’s writing and criticism. Close reading of Kavan’s fiction attends to her uses of narrative voice in representing a divided self. Given Kavan’s treatment by the Swiss existential psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger, the thesis explores connections between her writing and the British anti-psychiatry movement, especially R D Laing. Focussing primarily on the Modernist and Postmodern aspects of Kavan’s work, it also notes Gothic and Romantic inflections in her writing, establishing thematic continuity with her early Helen Ferguson novels. The first chapter looks at Kavan’s first collection of stories, Asylum Piece (1940) and her experimental novel, Sleep Has His House (1947). It reads her portrait of institutionalization as a nascent critique of asylum treatment, and considers Anaïs Nin’s longstanding interest in her work. Chapter Two draws on research into Kavan’s experiences during the Second World War, particularly her time working with soldiers in a military psychiatric hospital. Reading her second collection of stories I Am Lazarus (1945) as Blitz writing, it connects her fiction with her Horizon article ‘The Case of Bill Williams’ (1944) and explores the pacifist and anarchistic views in her writing. The third chapter, a reading of the novel Who Are You? (1963), argues that Kavan engages with existential philosophy in this text and explores parallels with Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea. The final chapter looks at Kavan’s last and best known work, Ice (1967). Following Doris Lessing, this chapter reads the novel’s sadism as a political response to the Second World War. Contesting critical interpretations which have pathologized Kavan’s fiction as solipsistic representations of her own experiences, this thesis aims to resituate her as a politically-engaged writer of her time.

Cette thèse traite de la parenté et du chamanisme chez les Kalavan, Austronésiens de la côte est de Taiwan qui ont vécu, jusque dans les années 1940, au sein d'une société matriléaire et matrilocale à polyandrie diachronique. Nous tenterons de parvenir à la source des pouvoirs variés détenus par les femmes et de montrer que dans le système de représentation kavalan, le genre social constitue à la fois l'effet et l'instrument de ces pouvoirs. Nous nous attacherons enfin à suivre les transformations connues par la société kavalan depuis les chocs successifs des colonisations han et japonaise jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Au cours de ces périodes, les Kavalan ont eu à faire face à une politique de sinisation, à la pénétration du christianisme, à l'intégration dans un cadre étatique moderne et enfin à l'inclusion dans l'économie de marché
This thesis deals with kinship and shamanism among the Kavalan, an Austronesian speaking society on the East coast of Taiwan, which has been, until the 1940s, matrilineal and matrilocal, having practiced diachronic polyandry. I attempt to analyse the source of different powers held by women and to show how, in Kavalan culture, social gender constitutes both the agent and recipient of these powers. Finally, I devote my attention to the transformations engendered in Kavalan society by successive regimes of Japanese and Han Chinese colonization until the present. During these periods, the Kavalan have had to confront the politics of sinisation, the penetration of Christianity, their integration within the modern state and lastly their inclusion within the global market economy

This essay deals with translation changes and problems that occur when translating collocations, i.e. sequences of words that are usually combined such as work hard, from Swedish to German. Being an essential part of our communication, collocations are common both in everyday-life and in technical terminology. This qualitative research deals with collocations in scientific texts about children’s literature and aims to increase attention on collocations in the translation process. The term collocation as used here refers to the concept of hierarchical relations between the lexemes of a collocation by the German linguist F. J. Hausmann (1984), distinguishing between bases and collocators. It proved itself useful in the translation process and showed that the translator must pay special attention to the collocator in order to find the equivalent expression in the target language. In doing so he/she is not at all obliged to translate a collocation with the respective target collocation. In fact due to stylistic reasons collocations were replaced by individual lexemes or paraphrases. Referring to Hausmann’s terminology and the studies of Baker (1992) this essay highlights the importance of considering collocations as translation units, i.e. not translating the lexemes of a collocation separately. Furthermore the assumption was disproved that translation errors, e.g. interferences and semantic deficits, are mainly caused when translating collocations to a foreign language. Even translators translating into their mother tongue have to examine collocations carefully to avoid errors that can result in doubts about the quality of the whole translation.

La coupe de Droop attique* est un vase sur pied haut, produit à Athènes dans la 2e moitié du VIe s. av. J.-C. et, plus exceptionnellement, dans le 1er quart du Ve avant J.-C. Par la forme de sa vasque et la distribution de son décor, elle se rapproche davantage de la coupe à bande des « Petits Maîtres », dont elle est très probablement une variante. Il n’y a eu jusqu’à présent que très peu d’études approfondies sur cette classe, John Percival Droop et Percy Neville Ure faisant figures de pionniers dans ce domaine. Pourtant, deux de ses potiers, Antidoros et Nikosthénès, ont été repérés par leurs signatures dès la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècles et une dizaine de peintres ou groupes de peintres ayant décoré des exemplaires de cette forme avait déjà été identifiée par John Beazley. Depuis les travaux de ces chercheurs dans les années 1950, de nombreux spécimens de coupes de Droop ont été découverts et publiés, sans toutefois être insérés dans une étude d’ensemble. Cette recherche de doctorat propose de revoir les informations anciennes livrées par l’archéologie des coupes de Droop, et d’analyser les nouvelles données à travers un corpus d’exemplaires découverts en Grèce du Nord, sur l’île de Thasos et dans sa colonie, Néapolis (Kavala). *Il existe un équivalent laconien
The Attic* Droop cup is a vase with high foot, produced in Athens in the 2nd half of the VI and first quarter of the V century B.C. By the shape of its bowl and the distribution of its decoration, it is close to the Little Master band cup and very probably a variant of this one. Although two of its potters (Antidoros and Nikosthénès) were identified by their signatures from the XIXth century, there were until now very few in-depth studies on this class, John Percival Droop and Percy Neville Ure being real pioneers in this field. John Beazley established a list of less than about ten painters or groups of painters having decorated some of the Droop cups Since the works of these researchers in the Fiftie’s, numerous specimens of Droop cups were discovered and published, without having however been inserted into a more general study. This Ph.D. research suggests revising the former informations delivered by Archaeology of Droop cups, and analyzing the new data through a corpus of exemplaries discovered in Northern Greece, on the island of Thasos and in its colony, Néapolis (Kavala).*There is a Laconian equivalent

This thesis is concerned with situating the works of Anna Kavan (1901-1968), Alexander Trocchi (1925-1984) and Ann Quin (1936-1973) within a discussion of British mid-twentieth century fiction. The relative neglect of these authors in academic criticism may be due to the fact that much British experimental writing has previously been ignored in surveys of this period. This thesis argues that a study of their work warrants a more nuanced understanding of the mid-twentieth century literary landscape than conventional accounts have allowed for. In that sense, it aims to contribute to research undertaken in more recent years which is concerned with revising dominant accounts of this period. The broader framework for the thesis is provided in Chapter 1 which examines past and present accounts and categorizations of mid-twentieth century British fiction. The remaining three chapters then focus on the 1940s work of Kavan, the fiction written during the 1950s by Trocchi and Quin’s novels of the 1960s. As well as contributing to research concerned with overviews of this period, this thesis furthers individual studies of each of the novelists presented here. By drawing on archival material and reading their works in conversation with their time and place, it attempts to understand the ways in which the experimental fiction of these three authors responded to the social, cultural and historical forces at work in Britain between the forties and the sixties. Whilst all three authors started out from a strategy of subjectivity, rooting their experimentation in a turn inwards, their works, as this thesis suggests, can be construed of as political in their concern with drawing attention to the osmotic effects of exteriority on interiority.

Le Chemoné Esré, ou prière des dix-huit bénédictions, est la principale prière juive, aussi nommée Téfila, ou prière par excellence. L’objet de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence sa structure, c'est-à-dire la logique de son organisation, en rappelant les données de sa genèse et de sa fixation durable. Partant d’une étude des sources (du Pentateuque, des prophètes, de la Michna et du Talmud, puis des livres de prières), l’auteur retrace les étapes de sa mise en forme, ce qui permet de suivre l’évolution du judaïsme lui-même. Ses aspects sont méthodiquement envisagés : son caractère de mitsva, de devoir religieux, le sens de chaque bénédiction et sa fonction dans la liturgie depuis la destruction du Temple de Jérusalem, sa place dans le vécu des orants, la manière dont la prière doit être dite et avec quelle kavana, ou intention, dans quel cadre, en respectant quelle gestuelle, en mobilisant quelles ressources intérieures de la part des orants. Ses enjeux théosophiques et moraux, le système de représentations auquel elle se rattache, dans la perspective de la mystique kabbalistique du AriZal et du Hassidisme du XIXème siècle (rapport avec les séfirot, ou niveaux d’émanation de la Substance, et inversement les klippoth, obstacles à la kedoucha, ou sainteté, font l’objet d’une étude qui porte d’une part sur la présentation des doctrines et d’autre part sur les buts qui sont assignés au Chemoné Esré en fonction des possibilités qu’elle est censée offrir, à ceux qui la prononcent et à ceux pour lesquels elle est dite
The Shemone Esre or the Eighteen Blessings Prayer, sometimes simply known as Tefila, is the quintessential Jewish prayer. The purpose of this dissertation is to delineate the structure of the Shemone Esre through an exploration of its evolving structure from its genesis to its lasting fixation. Beginning with a study of the ground texts (Pentateuch, Prophets, Michna and Talmud, up to the modern prayer book), the author examines the successive stages of its formatting. Through this exploration emerges a view of the broader evolution of Judaism, the main characters of which are formally analysed: the mitsva (religious prescription), the meaning of each blessing and its liturgical function after the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, how people consider this prayer, how they say it, with what kavana (intention), in what place, with what gesture and attitude. Going further, the moral and theosophical aspects of Jewish prayer, as well as the allegorical system to which it belongs are also envisaged, from the perspectives of Lurianic and Hassidic mysticism. More specifically, the sefirot (emanating spheres of the Being) and their opposites, the klippoth (viewed as obstacles to kedousha or sanctity), are studied from the dual perspective of the doctrinal content, and of the purposes devolved to the Shemone Esre

Diploma thesis "Comparison analyses of national newspaper supplements Salon, Kavarna and Orientace" analyses supplements of national, daily released newspapers: Pravo (Salon), Mlada fronta DNES (Kavarna) and Lidove noviny (Orientace). Essential methods used in this work are quantitative analysis, applied to specified moths during years 2006-2008, and chronological analysis of chosen issues during years 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2005. Based on them, various evaluations of supplement main characteristics, specific features and differences were observed. Most important characteristics investigated in the work are: supplement content and graphic conception, placement within the carrying newspaper, structure of published literature forms, themes and sub-themes. There can be also found summary of each supplement history, list of its typical authors and internet version description. Author of this thesis also introduced related overview of Czech literary and cultural magazines (Literarni noviny, Host, Divoke vino, Revolver Revue, Tvar nebo A2) and briefly stated profiles of main national newspapers. To gain supplement readers characteristics, approximate sociological questionnaire was processed among university students.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
94
Spatial reference, spatial concepts, and most importantly spatial conceptualizations have attracted a flurry of research over the past two decades. Spatial language, in particular, provides researchers with an access to the inner world of spatial concepts, which are difficult to investigate by mere observation of other human behaviors. This thesis thus investigates the spatial conceptualizations in Kavalan, and the aim here is twofold. On the one hand, we conduct a detailed investigation of all linguistic means available in Kavalan recruited for spatial reference. It is found that in Kavalan each of the morphosyntatic categories that express spatial meanings has its own interaction patterns with spatial semantic categories such as Path, Region, and Direction. Moreover, what Kavalan speakers need to interpret the local role and localization in a Motion event is normally their spatial knowledge about the canonical interaction between a given pair of Figure and Ground, which helps to “simplify” the coding of linguistic forms. On the other hand, we study the structure of Motion events in narratives by looking into spontaneous speech produced by native speakers. This second perspective further divides into two dimensions. One is concerned with route knowledge as reflected in route instructions, with extra attention paid to the application of Frames of Reference (FoR). Our study shows that Kavalan speakers guide wayfinders en route by appealing largely to the Geocentric FoR (both cardinal directions and the up-down axis), though Viewpoint-centered and Object-centered FoR are also in use. This strategy is due to the nature of the geographical layout of Hsinshê Village, where the west-east axis corresponds to the land-sea and up-down axes while the north-south axis to the up-down axis. Consequently, these overlapping axes in the local environment enhance the prominent status of the Geocentric FoR in route directions. The other dimension focuses on a semantic analysis of the Frog narratives. According to our data, Kavalan must be recognized as a fairly typical verb-framed language on a par with Tagalog and Cebuano, to which Kavalan bears the strongest resemblance in the semantic typology of Motion events in the six Western Austronesian languages investigated in Huang and Tanangkingsing (2005). In addition, the most significant construction type in Kavalan is the “wiya#V” serialization, which not only describes a Figure moving progressively away from the conceptualizer, but can also depict an emerging state of affairs or a continuous activity. Interestingly, the Motion verb wi(ya) ‘leave, disappear’ shares a parallel development of grammaticalization with the Motion verb yau ‘exist, appear’ by uniting place deixis, Motion, and aspect functions, which can be ultimately attributed to the conceptual analogy between space and time.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
93
This study investigates two types of anaphoric expression in Kavalan. The first one is reflexives. Kavalan does not have a unique reflexive marker. It employs personal pronouns and izip ‘body’ to express reflexives. While the use of personal pronouns may cause ambiguity between a pronominal interpretation and a reflexive interpretation, the use of izip ‘body’ does not have this problem. In fact, the combination of izip and a genitive pronoun resembles a true reflexive anaphor in several aspects, including that it is bound to a local antecedent. In terms of the binding of reflexives, it is found that Chomsky’s (1981) binding conditions, which describe the distribution of anaphors, cause difficulties in delimiting the reflexives in Kavalan. On the other hand, Reinhart and Reuland (1993) consider reflexivity as a property of predicates. By examining the relation between the syntactic form and the semantic content of reflexive predicates, Reinhart and Reuland’s (1993) revised binding conditions can better account for the issues related to reflexives of Kavalan. In addition, it is also found that Kavalan reflexive binding is sensitive to argument structure, instead of grammatical relation. Therefore, a reflexive anaphor can appear as a thematic object, but not a thematic subject, regardless of whether the predicate is AF or NAF. The second type of anaphoric expression is reciprocals. In Kavalan reciprocals are mainly marked on the verbs by an affix sim-. In addition to marking reciprocals, the same affix is also used to mark chaining, collective and distributive situations, which all share a semantic property – plurality of relations among participants. This semantic property is also reflected on the syntax. The sim-marked constructions all require plural subjects. While several studies concerning reciprocals of other languages conclude that the constructions derived by reciprocal affixes in these languages are intransitive (e.g., Gerdts 2000, Mchombo 1993, McGregor 2000, etc.), I have found that the same conclusion cannot be made for Kavalan. Although transitive verbs indeed become intransitive after the reciprocal affix sim- is attached, ditransitive verbs become transitive instead of intransitive after undergoing the same process. Therefore, I conclude that the reciprocal affix sim- in Kavalan is a valence-changing affix, i.e., it reduces the number of arguments, but it does not necessarily derive intransitive verbs.

碩士
國立清華大學
語言學系
84
This thesis aims at giving a descriptive account of tense and aspect in Kavalan. This work contains five chapters. Chapter 1 provides some background knowledge about Kavalan, including its linguistic position in the Formosan languages, population, distribution, literature review and sound system. Chapter 2 examines the focus system in Kavalan, for the focus markers in this language affect the interpretations of the tense and aspect. The various focus markers for AF, PLF, and RF in the (i) affirmative declarative, (ii) causative, and (iii) imperative sentences are examined. It is concluded that only the focus markers in (i) deal with the tense and aspect. Chapter 3 is concerned with the tense system in Kavalan, which has the Future vs. Non-future contrast. In Non-future time, various focus markers appear. However, these focus markers are not the tense markers. In Future time, these focus markers do not appear; instead, the clitic +pa appears, obligatorily in AF, but optionally in other sentence types. Perfect tense is expressed by the clitic +ti or the verb pun "to finish" plus +ti. Chapter 4 discusses five aspects in Kavalan: (i) inceptive, which makes use of the verbal prefix Ru-, the phase- change aspect clitic +ti, or the verb siangatu "to start." (ii) Progressive which is expressed by the verb yau meaning "to have" or "to exist." (iii) Perfective that adopts the markers u (a) for the AF sentences, and the markers ni- (-n-) for the PLF ones.The RF perfective aspect markers are not found. (iv) Iterative that is indicated by the partial reduplication applied to the verb roots. (v) Phase-change which is expressed by the clitic +ti attached to the main predicate. This clitic is used to express a starting point, an end point, and to cause the "emphatic" effect. Chapter 5 conludes the whole work.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
外國語文學系
100
This thesis investigates the properties of clitics in Kavalan (East Formosan, Austronesian). Chapter 1 introduces background information about this language. Chapter 2 presents the phonological system and morphosyntax of Kavalan, arguing for an ergative alignment of cases. Chapter 3 then establishes which bound morphemes are clitics in Kavalan, primarily using the promiscuity-of-attachment test, and demonstrates the position of a clitic relative to the free elements within the clause, whereas chapter 4 analyzes the ordering of two or more adjacent clitics relative to each other. Finally, chapter 5 summarizes this thesis and tackles two remaining issues: the ordering of multiple clitic clusters and how pronouns convey pragmatic focus in Kavalan. This thesis reports that in Kavalan the clitichood of two bound personal pronominal paradigms (ERG and ABS) and bound nonpronominal (mostly tense-aspect-modality) markers using morphosyntactic evidence can be classified into phrasal and head-adjacent types (or a mixture of the two). We then focus on the cluster-internal ordering of clitics. If an ABS and two post-initial phrasal adverbial clitics co-occur in a cluster, two alternative orderings are found: ABS after both adverbial clitics (transitive) or between them (nontransitive). We explain this variation using Optimality Theory, proposing a constraint that rules out consecutive adverbial clitics ranked differently in two distinct grammars of Kavalan.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
94
The present thesis investigates the language of emotion and the conceptualization of emotion concepts in Kavalan, a Formosan language spoken on eastern part of Taiwan. The expression of emotion and affect is an indispensable feature in communication and interaction. Interjections and final particles are two significant strategies to achieve this end. In Kavalan, four primary interjections, wanay, azkaw, ou, and niampa, can respectively signal a speaker’s different attitudes. Wanay expresses a positive affective stance; azkaw signals a discontented attitude; ou is associated with surprise; niampa denotes sympathy or pity. Final particles in Kavalan also provide a rich source of mechanism for emotion expression in daily communication. It is argued that haw is employed to seek agreement or confirmation from other interlocutors. On the contrary, yu functions to assert or reinforce an assertion. This function can be evidenced by the collocation ‘zin-ku yu,’ which not only frames reported thought but also accentuates the speaker’s conviction. As for ya, it can denote a speaker’s agreement, signal exclamatory mood, or mitigate a speaker’s tone. Finally, kwa can highlight a description especially when a speaker aims to refute the other interlocutor’s idea. While interjections and final particles directly express emotion and affect, emotion can also be described and expressed via descriptive emotion words. Taking Johnson-Laird & Oatley’s (1989) model of classification for English emotion words as a basis, we propose that Kavalan descriptive emotion words be classified into six categories, including generic emotion, basic/caused emotions, emotional relations, causatives, emotional goals, and complex emotions. It is also found that there seems to be no discrete demarcation between sadness and fear modes and that between anger and disgust modes in this language. Metaphors and metonymies are two crucial mechanisms to conceptualize emotion concepts in the folk model of emotion. It is found that Kavalan resorts to five primary metaphors, including EMOTION IS OBJECT, EMOTION IS PHYSICAL STATE, EMOTION IS LOCATION, EMOTION IS MOTION, and EMOTION IS CONTAINER, to conceptualize emotion concepts. Unlike English and Squliq Atayal, both of which rely on not only category-wide but also category-specific metaphors for emotion concepts, the primary emotion metaphors in Kavalan are mainly constituted by category-wide metaphors. Another significant and peculiar feature of emotion expression in Kavalan is the prevalence of anem, the generic emotion noun in this language, as evidenced by the particular construction ‘PREDICATE ANEM TU NOMINALIZED.EMOTION.’ In addition to metaphor, two metonymic principles, i.e. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AN EMOTION STAND FOR THE EMOTION and THE BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS OF AN EMOTION STAND FOR THE EMOTION, also constitute an integral part of the conceptual structure of Kavalan emotion concepts. Emotion is not merely a state, but should be interpreted as a scenario or event consisting of cause, emotion itself, control/loss of control, and physiological effects (Kövecses 1990). In Kavalan, while metaphor proves an important mechanism to express emotion and control/loss of control, other specific constructions, including causative pa- construction, ''clause/NP sa-…-an'' construction, ''qena-Emotion tu cause'' construction, ''Emotion.verb tu physiological.effects'' construction, and ''Physiological.effects tu nominalized.emotion'' construction, are deployed to denote the other two stages, i.e. cause and effects. Finally, compared with English, in which the force dynamics of emotion concepts correlate highly with their metaphorical mappings (Kövecses 2000), the results on Kavalan emotion discourse indicate that the force schemata of emotion concepts in this language are represented mainly via specific constructions instead due to the minor role that metaphor plays in the expression of the cause and effects of emotion.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
93
Abstract This thesis attempts to examine the negation in Kavalan within the framework of Government and Binding Theory and address the following questions: (a) What are the categorial statuses of the negative elements in Kavalan? (b) Where are their structural positions? Do they correspond to a NegP projection? If they do, where should the NegP be projected? (c) What is the structural hierarchy of these negative elements? This study is primarily composed of two parts. The first part includes a descriptive discussion of the semantic properties and syntactic distributions of seven negative elements in Kavalan (mai, usa, naRin, sukaw, Rayngu, taqa, and ita). In the second part, the syntactic categories of these negative elements and the structures of the corresponding constructions are analyzed, in view of their morphological behaviors, their relationship with the following constituents/verbs, as well as the distribution of tense/aspect inflections and bound pronouns. The relative hierarchy of these negative elements is also discussed in the second part. The results demonstrate that mai in declaratives and naRin in imperatives belong to negative auxiliary verbs while usa in equational sentences should be classified as negative copula. Each of these three negative elements heads a NegP between TP and AgrP and functions as a potential intervening head that blocks V from head-moving to T (or Asp). The Neg head instead moves upwards itself to pick up the tense/aspect inflections. On the other hand, mai in possessives/existentials, sukaw, Rayngu, and taqa are categorized as negative verbs that are not any different from common positive lexical verbs except for their inherent negative feature. Consequently, they are structurally located as V heads which regularly undergo head-movement to pick up agreement, tense, and/or aspect morphemes. Since there is no need to project an additional NegP for the corresponding constructions, they cannot be called negative constructions though they indeed express negative meanings. Finally, ita is viewed as a negative particle due to its frozen expression. In addition to a conclusion, the last chapter provides a typological comparison regarding the realization of main negators (i.e., mai, usa, naRin) in Kavalan and other Austronesian languages.

碩士
中原大學
文化資產研究所
94
A Study of the Representation of Kavalan Traditional Culture -- the Case of Kavalan Hall of 2005 Yilan Green Exposition Abstract This paper studies the traditional culture of the Kavalan people, representing the people’s early life on the Lanyang Plain. The purpose of the study is to understand The people’s history, its development in modern times by means of data collection and examination of the plan and practice for displays. Besides obtaining a knowledge of how an ethnic group has lived peacefully with their tribe men as well as with nature, it is hoped that more thought will be given to the issue of the preservation of missing traditional cultures. The paper deals with the traditional culture of the Kavalan people through examining its history and development in modern times, the people’s activities in Yilan and Hualien-Taitung area, and the archaeological relics of Jiaosi Kibannoran site. It is divided into three parts: document reviews, study of traditional life of the Kavalan people, and plan and practice for displays of the Kavalan Hall. The first part describes the Kavalan people in the time of written history, their migration to Hualien-Taitung area, the successful case of claiming its tribe name “Kavalan”, and the people’s development in modern times. The second part examines the Kavalan people’s social system, religious culture and artifact techniques. The Third part studies the plan of “Kavalan Hall” in Yilan Green Expo, which contains static displays and dynamic experience camp, including the plan and design, ideas, story line arrangements, and the evaluation of the displays. The study method is based mainly on document analysis, supplementing with archaeological data, field investigation and the discourses of history, ethnology, and anthropology. The purpose is to obtain cross interpretations by making comparisons between diverse data – historical materials, archeological data, and interviews. The author has collected possibly thoroughly related data and presents the paper in a different way from other paper dealing with plan and practice for displays. The paper gives a picture of the traditional culture of the Kavalan people, whose value, thinking, and life style are very different, and who left its rich cultural heritage after having lived on the Lanyang Plain for four hundred years. Moreover, the paper relates the people living on the Lanyang Plain nowadays to the Kavalan people four hundred years ago, in the hope that proper measure may be taken to preserve missing cultures.

碩士
國立清華大學
語言學研究所
85
This thesis aims at studying the case-marking and Focus system of theKavalan language in the descriptive approach. Chapter one introduces the generalbackground of this language. Chapter two discusses the case-marking system. There are seven case markers for five cases. They are: nominative case ya/a, accusative case tu, comitative case ta, genitive case ni/na, and locative case ta and sa. Thosewhich can occur before the personal name marker ti are optional in sentences, such as the nom. ya, acc. tu, com. ta, and loc. ta. The pronominal system presents bound and free forms. The former includes the nominative enclitic and the genitive suffixes; the latter the nominative, the genitive, the accusativeand the locative cases. The nominative case lacks the third person. Chapter three discusses the Focus system. The first part describes the Focus markers in affirmative sentences. The Focus system is divided into realisand irrealis. The meteorological sentences and the conditional clause requir theverb being inflected by the Agent Focus. The three-argument sentence is preferredto be a NAF- sentence. RF-sentences are not productive. There is a tendency thatthis sentence type is gradually replaced by NAF-sentences. The second part deals with the imperative construction. The imperativemarker is -ka, including Agent and Non-agent foci. The prohibitive sentence isexpressed by the negator naRin. Note that even though the imperative is deontic,the verb following the imperative formation is still in the realis form. The third part discusses three complex clauses: the serial verbconstruction, the pivotal construction and the cognition construction. In theformer two constructions the second verb and the verb in the subordinate clause can only be inflected by the Agent focus. The cognition construction is composed of two independent clauses linked by the optional marker tu. The syntactic function of the marker tu is discussed and remained as an open question. The fourth part discusses the interaction between the Focus markers andthe TAM markers, the interrogators and the negators. Chapter four concludes the whole work. The appendix presents six textsand one song which the author collected in Hsinshe village.

博士
國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
95
This study demonstrates an attempt to explore the language of emotion and thought, two of the most important mental activities of a person. Numerous studies are devoted to the study of emotion languages. By contrast, few studies are found to exploring the talks of the thinking. However, even fewer studies are aimed at putting together and investigating these two important mental activities and experiences of human beings. This might be attributed to a prejudiced western view which views emotion and thinking, or rationality, as two experiences that belong to two mutually exclusive domains. However, Damasio’s (1994) neurophysiological cases convince us that the bifurcated view of emotion and thought, or feeling and thinking, as two isolated aspects of a person’s mental experiences is in essence incorrect. Moreover, contrary to what is claimed in previous studies on language of emotion and thought that conceptual metaphor appears to be a universally preferred strategy in conceptualizing abstract concepts, Huang’s (2002a) study on Tsou and our study on emotion language in Saisiyat reveals that metaphorical expression may not be a universally preferred strategy in doing so. Based on their experiments, psychologists, e.g. Barsalou (1999), urge on us the need of the direct, non-metaphorical representation of abstract concepts. We thus propose that grammatical model may be a better way to get a clearer picture of how emotion events are construed in the language. Our study on the construal of emotion events investigates how event participants are construed in an emotion event via the case marking assignment. It reveals that the FEAR event appears to be distinctive in that its Cause can be generic. To the contrary, the ANGRY event shows its distinctiveness in that its Cause is always specific, or at least referential. The Causes construed in different syntactic constructions are different (Dirven 1995, 1997). AF-clauses code a neutral Cause in Saisiyat and Kavalan. PF/LF clauses take a Target-Cause in both languages. It is a remote Cause, an indirect Cause, that is coded in the RF clauses in Saisiyat. And the pa(k)- Causative clause encodes an Agent-Cause, who does something on purpose to provoke the Experiencer’s emotional state. Furthermore, Kavalan uses the tu maqzi ‘(starting) from here’ construction to encode a Source Cause, and makes use of the pasazui ‘toward there’ construction to encode a Goal Cause. Moreover, different syntactic constructions profile different event participants. AF-clauses profile the Experiencer. PF/LF-clauses profile the Cause. In the RF-construction, it is the Affectee that gets profiled. A study of emotion language should not exclude the study of affective features in the language. Language of affect includes those linguistic features that the speaker uses to communicate attitudinal information, relating to the emotional or mental state of the speakers. The linguistic strategies selected by Kavalan and Saisiyat to convey affect are very different: Kavalan employs more lexical strategies, especially interjections and particles, deployment of first personal plural pronouns, reported speech, and lexicon-schema, to represent the language user’s affective state. Saisiyat has affect conveyed in one particular grammatical construction, i.e. the si-construction. In this construction, there are two sub-events: Event 1 is the si-clause, which encodes a percept functioning as an affect-trigger, and Event 2 is the affect triggered in the perceiver via perceptual experiences, who may take an action or enter into some certain state as a result. Whenever a si-construction is used, there is always an affect conveyed across on the perceiver via perceptual experiences. Based on the six dimensions proposed by Goddard (2003), we explore the thinking verbs in both Kavalan and Saisiyat in relation to syntactic patterns, lexical polysemy, and metaphorical extensions. The KNOWING verbs in both languages appear to be distinctive in that the three Saisiyat KNOWING verbs, i.e. ra:am ‘know’, sekla’ ‘know for sure’ and haSa’ ‘not know’, fall naturally into a group in terms of the syntactic behaviors: they are negated by the stative negator ’okik, and there is a stative morpheme –k- in their causative, nominalization, and the si-(RF) form. This may imply that these three KNOWING verbs are treated more like stative verbs than the other thinking verbs in Saisiyat. The KNOWING verbs in Kavalan distinguish themselves from the other thinking verbs in the ma-forms. While the ma-forms of the other thinking verbs in Kavalan behave like LF verbs, those of the knowing verbs, i.e. supaR ‘know’ and Rayngu ‘not know’, behave like AF verbs and denote a past event or experience. Moreover, both languages have more words in both positive and negative aspects of the KNOWING domain than in the other thinking domains. Both languages have monomorphemic words to denote the mental activities in the negative aspect, i.e. forgetting, of REMEMBERING, and have negation of forgetting to denote the mental activities of remembering. Finally, the THINKING verbs in these two languages are extended from thinking to feeling. Regarding the ethnotheory of the person, the Kavalan anem ‘heart’ refers to the visceral organ and at the same time the locus of emotion and thought. An understanding of the concept of the Kavalan heart requires an understanding of the socio-culture aspects. Kavalan uses the same place, i.e. anem, for the locus of all cognitive activities. Although Kavalan has a thinking verb qasianem ‘think’, they conceptually conceive that all the mental activities reside in anem ‘heart’. The Kavalan anem ‘heart’ is indeed the container of the content called emo-cognition; and anem ‘heart’ in Kavalan, conceptualized as an integrated emo-cognizer, is responsible for all the mental activities of thinking and feeling. Saisiyat tells a different story. The concept of heart is of little significance in Saisiyat physiologically and conceptually. Physiologically, the Saisiyat people do not feel a:oe’ ‘heart’ hurt, but feel ka:ala’ ‘chest’ hurt, instead. Conceptually, neither the visceral organ a:oe’ ‘heart’ nor the body part ka:ala’ ‘chest’ provides a ground for emotion or thinking in Saisiyat. The Saisiyat people use ’inaz’azem ‘thought’ to denote a broad range of the mental activities of thinking and feeling. However, the use of ’inaz’azem ‘thought’ in the related metaphorical expressions denotes the way one thinks, rather than the way one feels. And the Saisiyat appears not to have their ’inaz’azem ‘thought’ reside in any body part, although it is believed to be related to ta’oeloeh ‘head’ or tono’ ‘brain’. Nonetheless, it shall not lead us to falsely conclude that it is not embodied. It is embodied, since it relies on bodily experiences to make sense the mental activities of ’inaz’azem ‘thought’ in Saisiyat. Compared with the Kavalan anem ‘heart’, which is conceptualized as an integrated emo-cognizer, the Saisiyat ’inaz’azem ‘thought’ is conceptualized more as a cognizer penetrated with feeling. Both Saisiyat and Kavalan have special syntax regarding the expressions related to somatic illnesses. In these particular expressions, Saisiyat seems to treat the affected body parts as alienable parts, which are independent of the whole, i.e. the person. Kavalan, to the contrary, displays more like an inalienable possession on the affected body parts, as the affected body part is always coded as a location of the whole. Overall, our investigation of how natural languages structure two of the most important mental activities and experiences of a person, i.e. emotion and thought, has shown that these two are not separate domains in a person’s mentality. As remarked by Damasio (1994), although thinking and feeling processes and states may be expressed as separable at some basic level of human existence, they indeed operate together to a very significant degree in our daily life. Moreover, by studying the language of emotion, we get a better picture on how language users construe emotion events; in other words, we know their perspectives and their interpretations toward the event in question via the grammatical construction they select in coding this event. By investigating linguistic features that characterize affective system in a language, we understand more about interactional cues in the discourse. By exploring the talks of thinking in languages, we know better the meta-cognitive structure. By taking into consideration the ethnotheory of the PERSON, we set an integrated view on the study of language of emotion and thinking, as it is the person that makes all the emotions and thinking possible and sensible.

碩士
東吳大學
中國文學系
98
The Kavalan ethnic group has been called and issued as the eleventh aboriginal tribe, in Taiwan since December, 2002. Due to many researchers’ and experts’ efforts on the movement of revitalizing the name of the Kavalan ethnic group, the issue of ‘the Kavalan’ is raised again. Among those researchers, the Japanese experts were the pioneers in studying the Kavalan ethnic group. Therefore, many precious historical data have been preserved until now. However, there are few researches relating to the Kavalan ethnic group in academic field. Being a native in Yilan, I am involved in studying this topic. During my study, unexpectedly I found that my blood relationship is related to the Kavalan ethnic group. Therefore, I devote myself to understanding the Kavalan culture and take it as my study purpose. The focus of this paper is to talk about the Kavalan original stories, migrating stories, and folktales. In Chapter One, I summarize aspects on origins, changes and development in history, and social-culture to examine the Kavalan ethnic group. In Chapter Two ‘Discussion of Original Stories,’ I discuss the Kavalan’s initial stories with three aspects on ancestors, worship, and culture. In Chapter Three ‘Discussion of Migrating Legends,’ the purpose is to explain why and how the Kavalan migrated from oversees, located in Lanyang Plain, and then moved toward the southern area. By observing what legends have been told, it corresponds to how the Kavalan migrated. In Chapter Four ‘Discussion of Folktales’ are stories concluding educating meanings. Compared with the original and migrating stories, the length of the folktales is shorter with the functions of entertainment and education. In Chapter Five, I analyze and infer the characteristics of those diverse Kavalan legends. Because of my study on the Kavalan ethnic group, I hope in the future there are more Kavalan studies will be launched. The legends of the Kavalan tribe are related to history, as a result, in this paper I compare those legends with original stories, migrating stories, and folktales to the history of the Kavalan tribe. Also, I explore the characteristics of the legends and trace what has been preserved in this land.

碩士
國立東華大學
族群關係與文化學系
99
The Kavalan are an indigenous people of Taiwan, part of the larger Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group. Legend has it that the Kavalan arrived by sea from the east and that when they saw the stunning beauty of this location, they decided then and there to settle this bountiful land. The newly arrived Kavalan fought many battles against the local Atayal people, and in the end the Kavalan tribe drove the Atayal tribe into the mountains — true to their name "Kavalan", which means "flatland people". The Kavalan originally inhabited modern-day Yilan County. Most of them moved to the coastal area of Hualien County and Taitung County in the 19th century. Their language is also known as Kavalan. After years of war and immigrations, Kavalan people was disappeared from official documents and known as a part of Atayal tribe. Xié Wàn-lái as offspring of a priest, he followed his father’s path without knowing he was about to re-discover the story of Kavalan, revealing people’s memories about those lost years. This thesis gathered lots of information/documents about revivalist movement of Kavalan, and contributions done by Xié Wàn-lái. Xié Wàn-lái was the very first one who persisted in finding all members of his family, the “Xié” family. Kavalan is vivid, people of Kavalan is full of passion and love for their tribe. With the steps of Xié Wàn-lái and all the people of Kavalan, Kavalan revivalist movement finally got their critical milestone for be recognized as one of Taiwan’s original aborigines. By his relationship with Xié Wàn-lái, researcher observed the Kavalan tribe in very different ways. With this observation, the thesis was written by hoping provide a new perspective for us, in order to find a better position for Taiwan in this globalization trend. Kavalan Revivalist Movement supported by so many people, though their experience, we might get an idea of how to revive Taiwan culture and keep precious traditions of Taiwan.

碩士
國立東華大學
電機工程學系
104
The Kavalan ,who are an indigenous people of Taiwan, have lived in thriving Lanyang Plain for hundred years. In 1878, Karewan Incident broke out and the Kavalan were continuously suppressed by Qing invaders. Nowadays, The Kavalan groups dispersedly inhabit in Huatung Valley、Cilai Plain(Hualien City), and the largest settlement of them are in Xinshe village, Fengbin Township, Hualien County. In 1987, the Kavalan tribe in Xinshe village tried hard for decades in order to reveal their determination on the cultural revival movements. Finally in December, 2002 the government declared the Kavalan to be the eleventh ethnic group in Taiwan. The statistical data from Department of Household Registration Affairs shows that there are 105 persons over 65 years old in Xinshe Village, Fengbin Township, Hualian County, accounted for 15.5% of the total population. The most important topic that has been discussed very often on aging society is how to use technologies nowadays to upgrade or improve medical insurance issues. Feng Bin Aboriginal Branch Hospital, located 6.5 km north of Xinshe village, needs to offer tribe reliable internet connection by overcoming rugged environments in order to lead to information of remote health services. According to 3G or 4G coverage three major fixed-line operators in Taiwan announce on their official websites, the problem of Internet connection is obviously unable to be solved through mobile network. Even if Physical network connection is adopted, only ADSL provided by Chunghwa Telecom is capable of internet access. The investigation is focused on the Kavalan tribe situated in Xinshe Village, Fengbin Township for test to deploy wireless remote healthcare environment and utilize widespread IEEE802.11ac standard as vehicles of remote healthcare resource. The increase on users' mobility through expansion of existing Virtual Private Network(VPN) results in the stretch from agency to community and family. Test results show TCP averaged upload and download speeds are 138.36Mbps and 114.68Mbps，WDS transmission and receiving rates are 243Mbps and 216Mbps,and the signal intensity is around -50dBm to -60dBm，and the coverage is in conformity with our expectations. At the same time, we focus on low-cost、high-bandwidth、high-transmission efficiency and high-coverage network to satisfy local hospitals or care facilities, which carry out tribe healthcare service in the future and served as reference In the future,resources of mobile healthcare is not constrained by space and time and bring health information resources ,such as remote healthcare information systems、Hospital Information System(HIS)、Picture Archiving and Communication System(PACS),into tribes to benefit rural people from healthcare resources.

碩士
華梵大學
工業設計學系碩士班
100
ABSTRACT In the painting Kavalan Folk Style, the painter Yang Yu-Shiu chose a natural landscape as the main subject, and inserted elements from our daily lives for additional visual experience. The oil paint colors helped construct impressionist images, while the painter’s brushing techniques brought the landscape to life. Keeping the balance of Ying and Yang as well as light and dark was important in her painting process. The emphasis on texture and patterns helped illustrate the creative ideas and the thoughts that went behind each brush stroke, and show the view of the world from deep inside her mind. The gradual change in the landscape and its transparency prove that she has mastered the language of creative art. There are five chapters in this research document. First, the introduction will provide approximated description of the purpose, scope, content of this research as well as the methods used to conduct the research. Second, there will be a chapter on the history of Kavalan region, its cultural characteristics, and its customs. Next, there will be an explanation of the geographical significance, environmental attributes, weather and important landscapes of the region. The fourth chapter will present a theory that explores the source of emotions induced by Yang’s creative ideas and collect artists works as the creation of the painting reference. The final chapter indicate the experience of creation and during the study period, in addition, I review of my creation have some imperfections, also wrote the future creative direction and put forward reflects and prospects. Keyword: Kavalan, natural landscape

碩士
國立交通大學
語言與文化研究所
93
This thesis tries to explore the interactions among the ethnic members and between members and nonmembers, when traditions are taken as the movement strategies and ethnic boundaries in the Kavalan and Ketagalan cultural revival movements. This thesis will adopt the notions “invention of tradition” by Eric Hobsbawm and “ethnic boundary” by Fredrik Barth. This thesis will indicate that although these ethnic groups adopt different strategies due to the various degrees of loss of indigenous culture and of unity of ethnic members, the intra-group and inter-group interactions are the similar, crucial trait for either group successfully to revive their ethnic culture and to arouse ethnic identity while they are using traditional culture/ cultural traditions as their strategies. Therefore, this thesis hopes to, with the comparisons and contrasts between Kavalan and Ketagalan, complement the observations in the Kavalan cultural revival movements on the one hand, and to further analyze the Ketagalana cultural revival movements on the other. The thesis will be elaborated in four chapters. The first chapter will briefly describe the structure of the thesis and the background of field study. Besides, the literature reviews will analyze traditions in the cultural revival movements with the theories of ethnicity formation and similar examples in Taiwan and other regions. The second chapter will focus on the Kavalan traditions, including the mother-tongue education, the artistic performances, the authorities of the word-makers and artists, and the metaphysical collectivity. The reason why these traditions can arouse the ethnic identity and revive the ethnic culture is that their formations depend on the interactions among members and between members and nonmembers. The third chapter will turn to the Ketagalan traditions. Our foci are the ethnic title, the cultural heritages and ancient relics, and the separate labor for identity striving. Aside from the contrasts between traditions of either group, this chapter also proposes the similar reason discussed in the former chapter to make the movements attractive to members and nonmembers as to earn more recognition and to arouse ethnic identity. The final chapter will first compare the traditions as movement strategies of either group to revive ethnic culture and to arouse ethnic identity, and then sum up the differences and similarities. Finally, there lies the conclusion of the thesis.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
兩岸高階主管經營管理境外碩士在職學位學程
106
From 2017 onwards, the “TOURISM 2020,Tourism Sustainable Development Strategy” promoted by the Tourism Bureau has five main directions: exploring multiple markets, promoting national tourism, transforming the coaching industry, developing smart tourism and promoting experiential sightseeing. The transformation of the Kavalan Single Malt Whiskey Tourism Factory into a smart tour is also on the trend of developing smart sightseeing. The researchers sought to explain the professional thinking of the Kavalan Single Malt Whiske Tourism Factory in the development of smart tourism through the exploration and analysis of the construction of a smart park, and how it should be followed up with the existing tourism factories in Taiwan. This study adopts a multiple case study method. It aslo develops and compares its products, activities, services, experiences, stories, and fields with APPs for the four tourism factories in Nantou. A proposal was made for the introduction and implementation of business models for the smart tourism of the Kavalan Single Malt Whiskey Tourism Factory   In short, smart services are in the lead-in period of the life cycle. The Kavalan Single Malt Whiskey Tourism Factory must be properly planned and implemented, it will continue to observe its benefits for a long time. The implementation of smart tourist services is based on humanity; the intelligent service for tourism services that can not be delivered only through technology creation, instead it should be carefully evaluated; and it should be tailored to the nature of the own tourism factory itself.

TNF-a is an important cytokine mediator of inflammation which suggests that inhibition of TNF-a activity may provide potential for clinical application. Recent data indicated that treatment of both human and mouse cells with Kavain significantly modulates P. gingivalis- and LPS-induced TNF-α expression. In order to obtain a selective analog with optimized biological activity and structural physico-chemical properties of Kavain, Kavain analogs were designed and synthesized and found one Kavain analogue (named Kav001) that is similar to Kavain but soluble and does not induce a significant toxicity. Both studies in vitro and in vivo treatment by Kav001 showed stronger biological function as compared to Kavain. Furthermore, most mouse bone marrow macrophages up-regulated Bcl-6 while down-regulating LITAF expression after treatment with Kav001 for 36 h. Consequently, this led to an extension of macrophage pseudopods due to its immune response to P.g. infection/ LPS stimulation. we further found that Kav001 not only inhibits TNF-α, but also IL-1β, IL-6, caspase 1 and neutrophil infiltration in response to LPS. However, this phenomenon cannot be observed when macrophages were treated with LPS plus Kavain. We believe that Kav001 may mediate a novel link between Kav001 and LPS-induced inflammation and may be used as a key inhibitor to LPS-induced inflammation/inflammatory disease.

碩士
國立花蓮師範學院
多元文化研究所
90
In this thesis, I examine the development of the movement of revitalizing the name of the Kavalan ethnic group as well as the life of Jie Wanlai, who is the most significant activist of the cultural revitalization of the Kavalan ethnic group. I also point out the significance of the movement of cultural revitalization of Kavalan ethnic group. In chapter one, I examine the event of relocation of the Kavalan ethnic group. The Kavalan ethnic group is one of the native Pingpu tribes, who lived originally in I Lan area but later moves to Hua Lien and Tai Dung areas. In chapter two, I shall clarify the research method that I employ in this thesis as well as the thoughts that are resulted from the filed trips. I shall also explain the idea of identity and the idea of history that concern my research. In chapter three, I examine the life of Jie Wanlai. Jie’s life can be described and understood as four different stages, which started from his wandering from place to place, and then he found a place to settle down, later he was diasporic for some time, and finally he found the cultural identity of the Kavalan ethnic group. Through my examination of Jie’s life, I stress the significance that Jie strove for the right to determine the cultural identity and life of the Kavalan ethnic group. I also draw attention to Jie’s examination of the community where he lived and his clarification of the idea of the cultural identity. I name the forth chapter “A field of heart and a land of dream.” In chapter four, I take a close look at the movement of the cultural revitalization of the Kavalan ethnic group. With the discussions of the scholars and experts who assist cultural renaissance of the ethnic groups, I point out three significant points of such a movement of the cultural revitalization: the affirmation of cultural awareness, cultural communication and a communal creation of new culture. In chapter five, I emphasize the struggle of the Kavalan ethnic group for her cultural identity. The movement of the cultural revitalization of the Kavalan ethnic group interacts with three social facts. First, the current political situation in Taiwan and social change encourage the multi-cultural supporters to search the root of culture. Second, the social critics of the native tribe’s descendants, the movement of revitalizing the name of the native tribe, and the native tribe’s striving for the right, which is protected by the constitution awaken the idea of the elite of native tribes. Third, in order to seek the ethnic identities and equalities from their communities, the native Pingpu tribes begin to participate the interpretation of the history of ethnic groups, to call together the descendants who separate from their ethnic groups, and to restore their own customs and cultures. In chapter six, I stress that seeking the ethnic identity is now an important issue in Taiwan society because of the rise of the movement of cultural revitalization of ethnic groups and the unique development of current Taiwan society. I therefore conclude that the descendants of ethnic groups’ search for their ethnic identities as well as their connections with the long-separated history of ethnic groups show the growth of the strength of seeking the ethnic identities and equalities, and the awareness of the cultural identity.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
地理學系
106
"Human beings need food; where there is food, there is wine.", according to distinction geographical environment, different species of grain, as well as variation of brewing method, the flavor will be very different, also resulting in a wide range of alcohol products. Taiwan is not the traditional whisky-producing area, and the population of Taiwan is small, but the energy of whisky market is amazing. Now, Taiwan is not only drinking whiskey, but also making whiskey. After 80 years of the implementation of the alcoholic beverage monopoly, the King Car Kavalan Distillery has become the first single malt whisky established by Taiwanese company. In the absence of raw materials, equipment and knowledge of brewing whisky, the Kavalan Distillery has successfully created the Kavalan whisky. Also won appreciation in international competitions in recent years. As last count, Kavalan whisky has been marketed to 68 countries around the world. So, what development conditions does the Kavalan Distillery have? For the host regions of successful wine or whisky commodities, the geographic factor becomes in effect a regional asset. This geographic factor, discussed extensively in the wine literature as 'terroir' . Therefore, through the case study, this study used the Kavalan Distillery as the research object, and used interviews and second-hand data analysis to explore the composition of the terroir and value chain of the Kavalan whisky, and to clarify the development of the Taiwan whisky industry. This study uses five indicators, water quality, climate, raw materials, equipment and human resource, to analyze the terroir of the Kavalan Distillery. Although not all terroir are from Taiwan, each terroir gives the effect into Kavalan whisky. Especially the local conditions - water quality and climate, which laying a good foundation and creating tropical ripening flavor for the Kavalan whisky. When the Kavalan whisky becomes a product, it represents that the terroir become ‘capitalized terroir’ through value extraction, which also constitute the value chain. And in all the activities of the capitalized terroir and the value chain, 'human resource’ is the most critical element. Integrate the structure of the value chain that consisting of production, marketing channels and consumption by the human resources, Kavalan whisky fuse the terroir from all parties, and shape the unique capitalized terroir which belonging to the Kavalan whisky. Besides, expand the global market of Kavalan whisky through marketing strategies, such as attending competition and setting up regular chain, also construct the global value chain of Kavalan whisky.

碩士
臺北市立師範學院
社會科教育研究所
92
Kavalan is on the northern edge of Taiwan. Although its exploitation was late, the development of Confucianism had not delayed. The reasons resulted affluent Confucianism are Kavalan’s peculiar historical background, the social structure with lots of Zhangzhou people, peculiar system of land development, and the dedicated operation by the officers. Young Sun academy played a significant impacts on Confucianism’s development . No matter of the cultivation of local elite, the promotion of social literature trend, and the dissemination of Confucianism education are all related to YoungSun academy. Obviously, Young Sun academy played an important role in Kavalan during Ching Dynasty. According to historical records, the expansion of culture and education there not only the imperial examinations at the prefecture and county level change to be taken in Kavalan ting（canton）, but also the quotas for shengyuan （cultivated talents who passed the imperial examinations at the county level）increased. These changes provided helpful conditions for young generations to take the imperial examinations, and laid a strong foundation of the development of Confucianism. During the period in the reign of Emperor Tung Chih and Emperor Kuang Hsu, the development of Confucianism in Kavalan reached its peak. In this period, there were two Confucius Temples which symbolized provincial literature trend built, and 2 jinshihs (進士)（a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations）and 7 jurens (舉人)（a successful candidate in the imperial examinations at the provincial level）appeared. Besides, the Confucian school of YiLan County established in the same period. The development of Confucianism has great influenced on Kavalan society . It maked the immigrant society of Kavalan more cultural one. The effects of the Confucianism’s development are as follows： １.The changes of social leadership. ２.The great prosperity of literature trend in Kavalan play a leading position in Taiwan. ３.The generation of Ethnocentrism.

P. gingivalis, a red complex bacterium, has been associated with periodontitis. It has been studied extensively trying to understand the mechanism behind its virulence against the periodontium. Several investigations have studied the different virulence factors including Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gingipain and fembriea. However, bone resorption mechanism that is caused by periodontitis is not fully understood. It is hypothesized that P. gingivalis virulence factors specifically LPS are behind bone resorption, not the bacterial cell itself. Therefore, we have tested this hypothesis and then further expanded on the results by adding Kavain that inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α in an attempt to rule out other virulence factor from bone resorption mechanism. Live neonatal mouse calvarial bone was utilized to carry out experiments in this project. We had five groups which included negative and positive control with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH with Kavain and test groups with P. gingivalis supernatant with or without Kavain. These model systems were tested under resorption condition and evaluated by chemical, biochemical and histological analyses of the used media and calvarial bone. At the 8th day, calvaria from each experiments were analyzed by histology. TRAP and calcium release assays were also performed to further evaluate bone resorption and osteoclastic activity. We have found that when Kavain was added to the PTH, the calcium release and TRAP activity has reduced to half of the positive control without Kavain. P gingivalis supernatant alone showed uptake of calcium rather than release and adding Kavain increased the calcium uptake even more. However, TRAP activity were much higher than PTH group which does not coincide with the calcium release assay results. It seems that P. gingivalis LPS stimulated osteoclastic activity however it was not enough to result in bone resorption. It is thought that resorption and formation might be balanced and thus resorption was not observed. Further investigation is needed to study different doses of P. gingivalis supernatant on bone.

碩士
國立臺北大學
社會學系
98
To avoid conflict with the aboriginals not yet submitted to the state, Qing government generally forbad Han Chinese in Taiwan from encroaching their land. Yet during the late Qing there were three incidences of large-scale armed settlement by Han Chinese in the off-limit land. These armed settlements were all illegal. Yet the armed settlers of Jinguanfu were actually sanctioned and aided by the local authority throughout the process, while the settlers of Kavalan were barely acquiesced throughout, and the settlers of Suishalien were initially sanctioned by local officials but were eventually expelled by the higher authority. Why these outright illegal large-scale armed settlements were tolerated and even sanctioned by local authority in beginning? Why their eventual outcomes varied so starkly? Previous studies argue that the sanction of illegal settlement by local authority could be explained by population pressure and the official-gentry common interest. But such arguments could not explain the varied outcomes of three cited incidences. This thesis argues that, while population pressure and official-gentry common interest explain the willingness of certain local officials in tolerating illegal armed settlement, the variance in the eventual outcome of the three incidences is to be explained by the level of geographic isolation of the new settlement and its effects on security concern as well as the time it took for higher authority to confront the issue. Jinguanfu was merely a short distance from the prefect seat and relatively easy to pacify in case of trouble. Kavalan was remote and hard to control. But is was so isolated that the high officials did not realize the scale of settlement and its security risk until it was impossible to expel the enormous number of settlers without provoking an immediate rebellion. Suishalien was remote and hard to control, yet close enough to regular route of military inspection that the high officials promptly confronted the encroachment and expelled the still relatively small number of settlers out of security concern.

碩士
國立臺東大學
教育學系(所)
101
Based on the study, a Kavalan artists from Chen Zhengrui (nicknamed A water or water brother) the Driftwood creation expressionism purpose, purpose in its own parent culture, sense of mission and roots in tribal culture heritage by the creation of Driftwood Art sustainable history. This article is in a natural context into the life field research and observation, study author's brother (A water), mainly due to co-operate to today's Native carvings artistic freedom creators, uphold the spirit of Native the persistent and sustained release of the most active representative figures of the artistic enthusiasm. Taiwan has over the pursuit of economic progress but forget the other heart should the value of life, A water through Driftwood artistic creation, the life experience and cultural experience into the artistic creation, mining aboriginal culture deep the conventional wisdom let the excessive pursuit of economic capital progress discusses the value of Aboriginal art of wood carving culture. In this paper depth dialogue, participant observation, looking forward to the outside through the works in the form and internal analysis of the implications of further induction (A water) by the art of wood carving is to preserve the history of the creation of the cultural mission. Keywords：Kavalan, Aboriginal art, contemporary Aboriginal art

碩士
國立臺東大學
教育學系(所)
101
Based on the study, a Kavalan artists from Chen Zhengrui (nicknamed A water or water brother) the Driftwood creation expressionism purpose, purpose in its own parent culture, sense of mission and roots in tribal culture heritage by the creation of Driftwood Art sustainable history. This article is in a natural context into the life field research and observation, study author`s brother (A water), mainly due to co-operate to today`s Native carvings artistic freedom creators, uphold the spirit of Native the persistent and sustained release of the most active representative figures of the artistic enthusiasm. Taiwan has over the pursuit of economic progress but forget the other heart should the value of life, A water through Driftwood artistic creation, the life experience and cultural experience into the artistic creation, mining aboriginal culture deep the conventional wisdom let the excessive pursuit of economic capital progress discusses the value of Aboriginal art of wood carving culture. In this paper depth dialogue, participant observation, looking forward to the outside through the works in the form and internal analysis of the implications of further induction (A water) by the art of wood carving is to preserve the history of the creation of the cultural mission.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
地理環境資源學研究所
94
Recent population studies often regard population count as basic data, hence often do not spend too much time writing on these data. However, past data are often inaccurate, historical population has become an interesting research topic. With the China tradition idea of “the more descendants, the more auspices”, the population growth will close to Carrying Capacity. Then we can follow the concept of Carrying Capacity and use the area of dry farmland and paddy field to explain the trend of population growth. But when these lands were transformed into use of cultivation was not recorded, this method is not so working to prove Taiwan census data in Ching Dynasty. Fortunately, with the help of GIS, we can rebuild the land use data from 1796 to 1895 and calculate the Carrying Capacity by determining the area of aboriginal lands, dry farmlands and paddy fields. After comparing the calculated Carrying Capacity with the population census data of the Ching Dynasty, it was found that the two are not far off in the greater part. Some differences are because natural increase requires some lag time for population growth to reach Carrying Capacity.