Academic literature on the topic 'Kazakh Autonomous'
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Journal articles on the topic "Kazakh Autonomous"
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Buri, Tabea. "Urbanisation and Changing Kazakh Ethnic Subjectivities in Gansu, China." Inner Asia 18, no. 1 (2016): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340054.
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In the late 1990s, the entire population of the Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County in Gansu, China, was resettled to the newly built town of Hongliuwan. About one-third of Aksay’s Kazakh population had already left before the resettlement started, migrating predominantly to Kazakhstan. In order to keep the favourable status of an Autonomous County, the remaining Kazakhs had to be persuaded to stay. This paper argues that by building the new town, the Chinese state has considerably shaped its citizen’s decision-making process regarding migration. The state has offered appealing options regarding financial safety and a modern lifestyle, so that most Kazakhs in Hongliuwan would see no reason to leave anymore. This case presents an example of how the Chinese state impacts the decisions of its citizens by manifesting itself in an urban context.
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Бижанова, Алия. "ШЕТ ЕЛДЕРДЕГІ ҚАЗАҚ ДИАСПОРАСЫНЫҢ ҚАЛЫПТАСУ КЕЗЕҢДЕРІ". Батыс Қазақстан инновациялық-технологиялық университетінің Хабаршысы 32, № 4 (2024): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.62724/202440102.
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The proposed article is devoted to the problem of immigration in connection with some historical events of representatives of Kazakh nationalities to other countries. XIX-XX centuries, a large number of Kazakhs were forced to move outside their homeland. Basically, Kazakhs were forced to move to the east to China and Tibet, to the south to Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan, Turkmenistan, then to Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey. After World War II, the Kazakh diaspora was formed in Western Europe and North America. According to some sources, at the moment the total number of Kazakhs in the world is 18 million people, meanwhile, more than 4 million Kazakhs live outside the territory of Kazakhstan, according to some data, about 2 million Kazakhs live in 14 states of the former USSR and 25 countries of the world. Of these, only more than 500 thousand represent a typical diaspora, the remaining 3.5 million people are Kazakh irredentists, that is, they live on the lands bordering Kazakhstan. . The irredent includes Kazakhs living in the regions of Russia bordering Kazakhstan, the Bayan-Ulgiy aimag and on the territory of the Mongolian Altai and the Khangai Mountains in Mongolia, the Kazakh autonomous counties of China, in Karakalpakstan and other cities of Uzbekistan. At the moment, it is necessary to study the historical and modern issues of the Kazakh diaspora and its heritage, because they are an integral part of the entire Kazakh people, have common historical and cultural roots, and their fate is closely connected with the fate of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Turlygozhayeva, Altyngul, Kaster Sarkytkan, and Nurbek Karipzhanov. "KAZAKHSTAN-CHINA RELATIONS: WITHIN GEOGRAPHY AND MIGRATION OF ETHNIC KAZAKH." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 8, no. 4 (2024): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2023.4.53.
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The article reveals the geographical and historical significance of forming the Kazakh diaspora and irredentists. It gives general information about the number of ethnic Kazakhs living in many countries. The importance of ethnic Kazakhs in the foreign policy of the government of Kazakhstan with China is reflected in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Region, which is part of the Xinjiang district. The article also analyzes the share of immigrants and emigrants between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China, migration differences, statistical indicators of migrants between regions. Based on the indicators, the socio-economic problems between Kazakhstan and China were analyzed. Another point of the article is the use of statistical and demographic indicators received from the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2013-2020. These quantitative data play an important role in the analysis and assessment of the real state of external migration between the two states. The article reveals the geographical and historical significance of the formation of the Kazakh diaspora and irredentists, provides general information about the number of ethnic Kazakhs living in many countries of the world. The importance of ethnic Kazakhs in the foreign policy of the Government of Kazakhstan with China is reflected on the basis of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Region as part of the Shynzhansky district. The article also analyzes the share of immigrants and emigrants between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China, migration differences, and statistical indicators of migrants between regions. Based on the indicators, socio-economic problems between Kazakhstan and China were analyzed. Another point of the article is the use of statistical and demographic indicators obtained from the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2013-2020. These quantitative data play an important role in the analysis and assessment of the real state of external migration between the two States. The purpose and objectives of this study are aimed at analyzing the dynamics and features of Kazakh-Chinese relations in the context of geography and migration of ethnic Kazakhs. The main goal is to identify the impact of geographical location and migration processes on the development of relations between the two countries and the interaction of ethnic Kazakhs in this context. The methodology of this study is based on a comprehensive analysis of academic sources, official documents, statistical data, as well as the use of comparative analysis, historical analysis and geographical analysis methods to identify the dynamics and features of Kazakh-Chinese relations in the context of migration of ethnic Kazakhs. The novelty of the research will expand the scientific understanding of the dynamics and features of Kazakh-Chinese relations, taking into account geographical and ethnic aspects, as well as identify factors affecting the migration processes of ethnic Kazakhs and their impact on the development of bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and China. The study is expected to identify key trends in the development of Kazakh-Chinese relations in the context of migration of ethnic Kazakhs, as well as provide useful information for understanding the dynamics of ethnic and geopolitical processes in the region.
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Koibakova, A.S., and T. Kalibekuly. "CULTURAL ASPECTS OF KAZAKH PLACE NAMES IN CHINESE TERRITORY." Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 4, no. 23 (2024): 347–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14162737.
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<em>Place names do not merely refer to geographical objects of a specific region, but also serve as an important indicator of the culture, history, worldview, and lifestyle of a people. Each nation has its own distinctive characteristics in naming places, which reflect their national identity and culture. For the Kazakh people, the cultural aspects of place names hold special significance as well.</em> <em>The Kazakh population in China, who have long adhered to a nomadic lifestyle, have preserved their national and cultural characteristics in place names. For them, these names represent a clear reflection of their ancestors' way of life, history, and relationship with nature. The Kazakhs living in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region have expressed their culture and language through place names.</em> <em>This article explores the cultural and linguistic aspects of Kazakh place names in Chinese territory. Specifically, it aims to examine how these names reflect the culture, history, and lifestyle of the Kazakh people, and what role they currently play. Additionally, the study seeks to showcase the national consciousness and cultural uniqueness through the investigation of the toponymic system in the regions inhabited by Kazakhs in China.</em>
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Madiyeva, Gulmira B., and Vasilii I. Suprun. "Russian language in Kazakhstan." Neophilology, no. 2 (2023): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2023-9-2-236-248.
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The study is devoted to the analysis of the history of the emergence of educational institutions with teaching in Russian on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The history of higher and secondary educational institutions, thanks to which the Russian language was introduced and successfully functions in Kazakhstan, is briefly traced. The first pro-gymnasium was opened in the city of Verny on September 7, 1876. Primary schools were opened in many villages, settlements, auls. After the revolution of 1917, the Autonomous Kirghiz Socialist Soviet Republic was formed, in which the education system began to develop. In 1925 it was renamed the Kazak ASSR. An undesirable homonymy arose in the Russian language: the Turkic people and the ethnographic group (sub-ethnos) of the Russian people were called the same. To avoid it, the Kazakh sound [қ] in the weak position of the end of the word was reflected in Russian as [х]. In 1936, the Russian name of the people and the republic took on the form of the Kazakhs, the Kazakh ASSR. In the Kazakh language, the words Qazakhtar, Qazakhstan continued to be used. In 1928, the Kazakh State University was established, which was transformed into the Kazakh Pedagogical Institute two years later. Then a number of universities appeared in the capital of Alma-Ata. In 1934, the opening of the Kazakh State University took place. In 2007, the President of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev proposed to implement the “Trinity of Languages” project, which provides for the functioning of three languages in the country: Kazakh, Russian and English. The Kazakh language is included in it as the state language, Russian as the language of interethnic communication, and English as the language of integration into the world economy and the world community. At present, the Russian language continues to be used in the communicative space of Kazakhstan, it retains its role as the language of international organizations: the CIS, the SCO, the OCST. The role of the Russian language is preserved in various areas: educational institutions of Kazakhstan, in the scientific environment of Kazakh scientists, in social and political life.
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Kabyl, A. A., S. Z. Nаrtbаyеv, and S. D. Маmrаimоv. "FROM THE HISTORY OF MOVING TO THE KARAKALPAK LANDS AND THE RETURN OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE TO THE SOUTH IN THE 1930s." History of the Homeland 99, no. 3 (2022): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_3_127.
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Since 1925, the idea of "Small October" of the Kazakh regional party committee, the policy of collectivization, the decree on the confiscation of the property of the rich, their deportation forced local residents living in the endless Kazakh steppes to emigrate to other republics and abroad. This greatly influenced the demographic situation of the population.The article describes the forced resettlement of Kazakhs in the 1930s in order to survive and preserve their property as a result of the Soviet policy of their departure from their homeland, as well asthe process of returning from the Karakalpak Autonomous Republic to South Kazakhstan. The progress of work of regional party and Soviet organizations according to documents, protocols and their copies of the Bureau of the BC(b)P of the South Kazakhstan Regional Committee for the return of the farms of Kazakhs returning from Karakalpakstan is considered.
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Bekmurzaeva, G. "Formation of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region and Development Problems." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 2 (2024): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/99/65.
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On October 14, 1924, the second session of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets, having considered the resolution of the Turkish Central Executive Committee on national-state demarcation, made and approved the following changes: it was decided to transform the Tajik Autonomous Region into the Tajik ASSR as part of the Uzbek SSR; Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Region was introduced into the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) ASSR; Kara-Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) Autonomous Region The region is directly part of the RSFSR. Thus, the national statehood of the Kyrgyz people dates back to October 14, 1924. The new territory assigned to the KAO was 195.7 thousand square kilometers, and the population of the region numbered 737 thousand. Of these, Kyrgyz accounted for 63.5%, Uzbeks — 15.4%, Kazakhs — 1.3%, other nationalities — 3.5%. From this it can be seen that the Kyrgyz in the village of KAO represented a compactly living national majority.
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Zh., Zhunisbekova, and Aikozov S. "Turkestan Khanate from the Russian Colonial Empire to the Autonomous State." Asian Social Science 15, no. 3 (2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n3p85.
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Article is devoted to synthesis of practice of the solution of an ethnic question in Kazakhstan in the twenties. In article the history and a historiography of a problem of interethnic processes in Kazakhstan in the 20th years of the XX century are considered. Giving a retrospective assessment to the published literature on a historiography of the Soviet society, including on a historiography of the international relations, it should be noted negative impact of the party and state documents for the concept of national policy that undoubtedly led to wrong concepts and ideological dogmas. Therefore everything listed led to inadequate reflection of historical reality, tendentiousness of judgments, practice of concealing and distortions in article the main problems of a historiography of establishment of the Soviet power in the region and Sovietization of the Kazakh aul, formation of the Kazakh Autonomous SSR and the Kazakh SSR are also considered.
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Zhussip (Aqquly), Sultan K., Dikhan Qamzabekuly, Satay M. Syzdykov, Kairbek R. Kemengger, and Khalil B. Maslov. "How was the army of the Alash state built?" Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.85-96.
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It was 1919, that is, on the eve of the mutual acknowledgement of the Alash Autonomy and the Soviet rule of each other and the incorporation of the Kazakh Autonomy in the USSR. However, historical facts confirm that the leader of the Kazakhs was attempting to build a national army, a fully legal one, even during the period of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907, therefore in the period of the autocratic rule of the colonial empire, despite a number of insurmountable obstacles that seemed to stand in the way. The article is devoted to a historical analysis of the process of creating a legal national army of the Kazakh population and the political legalization of the Autonomous State of Alash on the territory of the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th century. The leader of the Kazakh National Movement “Alash”, Alikhan Bukeikhan was attempting to build a legal national army even during the period of the first Russian Revolution 1905-1907. However, he achieved his goal only after the February Revolution of 1917 – on the eve of the civil war, launched by the Bolsheviks.The leader of the Kazakh National Movement “Alash”, Alikhan Bukeikhan was attempting to build a legal national army even during the period of the first Russian Revolution 1905-1907. However, he achieved his goal only after the February Revolution of 1917 – on the eve of the civil war, launched by the Bolsheviks
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Zhussip (Aqquly), Sultan K., Dikhan Qamzabekuly, Satay M. Syzdykov, Kairbek R. Kemengger, and Khalil B. Maslov. "How was the army of the Alash state built?" Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.85-96.
Full textAbstract:
It was 1919, that is, on the eve of the mutual acknowledgement of the Alash Autonomy and the Soviet rule of each other and the incorporation of the Kazakh Autonomy in the USSR. However, historical facts confirm that the leader of the Kazakhs was attempting to build a national army, a fully legal one, even during the period of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907, therefore in the period of the autocratic rule of the colonial empire, despite a number of insurmountable obstacles that seemed to stand in the way. The article is devoted to a historical analysis of the process of creating a legal national army of the Kazakh population and the political legalization of the Autonomous State of Alash on the territory of the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th century. The leader of the Kazakh National Movement “Alash”, Alikhan Bukeikhan was attempting to build a legal national army even during the period of the first Russian Revolution 1905-1907. However, he achieved his goal only after the February Revolution of 1917 – on the eve of the civil war, launched by the Bolsheviks.The leader of the Kazakh National Movement “Alash”, Alikhan Bukeikhan was attempting to build a legal national army even during the period of the first Russian Revolution 1905-1907. However, he achieved his goal only after the February Revolution of 1917 – on the eve of the civil war, launched by the Bolsheviks
Books on the topic "Kazakh Autonomous"
Book chapters on the topic "Kazakh Autonomous"
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Qin, Haocheng. "Research on the Economic Growth Factors and Spatial Spillover Effects in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture." In Proceedings of the 2022 2nd International Conference on Financial Management and Economic Transition (FMET 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-054-1_67.
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O’Brien, David, and Melissa Shani Brown. "‘Ethnic Heritage’ on the New Frontier." In The Heritage Turn in China. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985667_ch11.
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This chapter aims to explore conceptually the commodification of ‘heritage’ in ‘ethnic’ tourist sites, focusing upon a so-called ‘traditional Kazakh village’ commercial tourist attraction near Tianchi Lake in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). Taking an interdisciplinary approach which combines ethnographic methods with theoretical analysis, we consider tourism’s role in representing the cultural heritage of ethnic groups, but simultaneously consider how such representations also tie into wider social discourses in which ethnic groups are themselves represented as ‘heritage’ in being associated with ‘traditional cultures’ rather than modernity. Drawing on a ‘toolbox’ of theoretical concepts, we consider the village as a depiction of idealised/idyllised ethnicity, how it functions as a visual ‘sight/site’, and how Said’s concept of ‘imagined geographies’ might also encompass ‘imagined ethnicities’. We finish with a discussion of this tourist site in relation to Michel Foucault’s concept of ‘heterotopia’.
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Eden, Jeff. "Bureaucrats Bewildered." In God Save the USSR. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076276.003.0006.
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Using Kazakhstan as a case study, this chapter shows how the atheist officials charged with policing religion in the Soviet Union quickly lost track of the religious policies they were tasked with enforcing. Meanwhile, bureaucrats at local levels were often oblivious or even indifferent to those policies. Beyond the bureaucratic confusion and malaise, there was also significant confusion among officials over the very nature of Islam in the Soviet Union. What was the point of “registering” mosques, for example, if Kazakh Muslims, with their legacy of nomadism, did not need mosques? What was the point of monitoring mullas and other Islamic leaders when each Muslim is, according to tradition, ritually autonomous and self-sufficient? By showing the grey areas where enforcement met devotional practice, this chapter argues that Soviet Muslims were given a broad space for religious activity not only thanks to Stalin’s policies, but also through bureaucratic incompetence, indifference, and bewilderment.
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Pethybridge, Roger. "Kazakhstan." In One Step Backwards Two Steps Forward. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198219279.003.0013.
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Abstract If the learned members of the Tver pedagogical institute thought they were being adventurous in embarking upon an anthropological expedition to the Upper Mologa river, a mere 300 km. from Moscow, what would they have thought about doing a survey of Kazakhstan in 1926? Its western edges lay approximately 2,300 km. from the capital. Here was isolation indeed, though of a completely different geographical, socio economic, and religious type from the solitudes of European Russia. We have seen how agricultural and other local conditions had important effects on social and political life in Smolensk and above all in the Volga provinces in 1921-2. The area that became known as the Kazakh Autonomous Republic from 1924 onwards contained features which were completely different from any that we have encountered in other regions. These features were bound to have an enormous influence on political conduct. For this reason the geographical and ethnic contours of the area are surveyed first.
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"Life at the Local Level: Development and Change in Xinjiang’s Autonomous Kazak Areas." In China's Last Nomads: History and Culture of China's Kazaks. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315285214-15.
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Roche, Gerald. "Epilogue." In The Politics of Language Oppression in Tibet. Cornell University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501777776.003.0009.
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This epilogue addresses broader developments in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and their role in language oppression. In 2017, a series of new “reeducation” and “counter-extremism” centers were being opened in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Over the next few years, these centers—which can accurately be described as concentration camps—were filled with up to one million people, primarily Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and other non-Han people. Testimonies from camp internees reveal that languages other than Mandarin were banned inside the camps. Such bans were often enforced through physical violence. Inmates were required to spend large amounts of time studying Mandarin and repeating political slogans and singing patriotic songs in the language. In some cases, guards used their assessment of inmates' Mandarin proficiency to regulate access to “privileges” such as rest and food and even to determine when certain inmates could be released. The Xinjiang camps thus represent a new development in the PRC: the advent of carceral language oppression. The epilogue also looks at the state's educational reforms and propaganda efforts in Inner Mongolia, as well as the translation and dissemination of public health information during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Conference papers on the topic "Kazakh Autonomous"
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Cao, Feng. "Influence Factors and Path of the Development of Coal Enterprise- Ili Kazak Autonomous in Xinjiang As an Example." In 2016 4th International Education, Economics, Social Science, Arts, Sports and Management Engineering Conference (IEESASM 2016). Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ieesasm-16.2016.143.
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