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Journal articles on the topic 'Kazakhs'
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1
G.B., Kozgambayeva. "The historical significance of the World Kurultai of Kazakhs held in the capital (Third, fourth and fifth Kurultai)." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 108, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022hph4/80-88.
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Five kurultai of the World Kazakhs, invited to their Homeland, have a special place for the Kazakh people since our country cannot prosper without Kazakhs and move forward in the future. Each of the kurultai convened in the Kazakh country is unique in its historical significance. The article analyzes the problems associated with the Kazakh diaspora at three (III, IV, V) World Kazakh Kurultai held in the capital of independent Kazakhstan — Astana. The kurultai, which became a great gathering of the nation, was attended by representatives of the Kazakh diaspora living in more than forty countries of the world, many topical issues related to our compatriots were discussed. Kurultai of the Kazakhs of the world, which dates back to 1992, has become a platform for business communication between ethnic Kazakhs living in different parts of the world. Kurultai gave an opportunity to take a fresh look at the culture, history and traditions of the Kazakh people, to increase it. He also paved the way for the voluntary resettlement of our compatriots in Kazakhstan. The World Association of Kazakhs, created by the decision of the first Kurultai, convened thirty years ago, helped all Kazakhs to unite. He did a lot of work on relations with the Kazakh diaspora in the cultural and spiritual sphere. The article analyzed the problems associated with the Kazakh diaspora, and the work done related to the return to their homeland, at kurultais that took place in Astana, uniting the Kazakh diaspora. At three kurultais held in the capital, extensive information was presented about the Kazakh diaspora and the work carried out by the state related to the return of compatriots. At the conference, which was held as part of the third kurultai of the World Kazakhs, ways to solve the problems and migration of Kazakhs living abroad to their homeland were announced. Also, an analysis was made of the specifics of the three camps that took place in the capital after the first and second kurultais. Based on resolutions adopted at the meeting of the Kurultai, the ongoing work and activities related to the Kazakh diaspora abroad, and issues of its implementation were covered.
2
Aktailak, B., M. Ibrayemova, and N. Pussyrmanov. "Socio-political life of Kazakhs abroad in the 20th century." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History. Philosophy series 11329, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024hph1/14-24.
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The article underscores that the socio-political life of Kazakhs abroad in the 20th century was intimately connected with the collective destiny of the Kazakh populace. Kazakhs overseas, dwelling in emigration, waged their struggle for the reinstatement of statehood. Throughout the era of Soviet authority, Kazakh public associations persisted in playing a significant role in conserving national culture and language. During the period of restructuring and the dissolution of the USSR, Kazakh public organizations took the lead in the battle for the independence of Kazakhstan. The socio-political life of Kazakhs overseas exerted a noteworthy influence on the progression of Kazakhstan, facilitating the preservation of the national identity of the Kazakh people, their resurgence, and development.
3
Ashirbekov, Yeldar, Zhaxylyk Sabitov, Baglan Aidarov, Arman Abaildayev, Zukhra Junissova, Alena Cherusheva, Viktoriya V. Saidamarova, Kamalidin Sharipov, Yerlan Ramankulov, and Maxat Zhabagin. "Genetic Polymorphism of 27 Y-STR Loci in the Western Kazakh Tribes from Kazakhstan and Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan." Genes 13, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13101826.
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Data on the genetic polymorphism of 27 Y-STR in Kazakhs of the Junior Zhuz has been presented and analyzed in relation to forensic features. A total of 464 representatives of the Western Kazakh tribes of Kazakhstan (Western Kazakhs, n = 405) and Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan Kazakhs, n = 59) were examined by the Yfiler Plus set. The data are available in the YHRD under accession numbers YA006010 and YA006009. Genetic analysis (AMOVA and MDS) did not show significant differences between the two groups (Kazakhstan and Karakalpakstan Kazakhs) in terms of Y-chromosome diversity. Both groups are characterized by haplogroup C2a1a2 as a founder effect, which dominated two of the three tribes: Alimuly (67%), Baiuly (74.6%), and Zhetiru (25.8%). At the same time, the phylogenetic network for each tribe found its own clusters within C2a1a2. Western Kazakhs and Karakalpakstan Kazakhs present high values of unique haplotypes (84.44% and 96.61%), discrimination capacity (90.37% and 98.30%), and haplotype diversity (0.9991 and 0.9994). A set of 27 Y-STR loci distinguishes closely related individuals within the Western Kazakh tribes quite well. It is suitable for forensic application, and is also optimal for population genetics studies.
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Izbassarova, Gulbanu Bolatovna. "South-Eastern Policy of Tsarizm." Oriente Moderno 96, no. 1 (August 18, 2016): 156–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340101.
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This article is devoted to the penetration of the Russian Empire to the territory of the Junior Horde of Kazakhs and the strengthening of Russian power in South Volga Region. Taking into consideration the ethnical origin and territorial contacts due to close proximity, cultural connections of Kazakhs and Bashkirs during the period under research, the article sheds light on the involvement of Kazakhs in Bashkir rebellions and looks into the changing character of the relations between these two Turkic ethnic groups. The nature of Orenburg expedition has been studied through the activities of the following rulers of the region: I.K. Kirillov, V.N. Tatishev, V.A. Urussov, I.I. Neplyuev. The construction of the city of Orenburg, the fortresses along the border with Bashkiriya and Western Kazakhstan, the colonization of the Orenburg region by Russians, and locating military units in a number of fortified cities was aimed at ensuring free and safe rear for further penetration into Central Asia. The issue of the participation of Kazakhs in Bashkir rebellion in 1737-1740 and its causes are under study. The author dwells on the decision of Bashkir officers to surrender to the reign of Kazakhs and to invite one of the Kazakh sultans to become a sovereign Bashkir khan. The attitude of Kazakhs toward Bashkirs is studied through the activity of Abulkhair, the Kazakh Junior Horde khan, Semeke, the Kazakh Middle Horde аnd sultans Abulmambet, Ablay and others. The author estimates the number of casualties during the rebellion and the number of refugees seeking asylum in the Kazakh steppe. The marriage of Abulkhair Khan to a daughter of a Bashkir officer is considered as one of the methods of Bashkir influence on the Kazakh khan.
5
Adilova, G. A. "ETHNOGRAPHISMS IN THE LANGUAGE OF KAZAKHS LIVING IN KARAKALPAKSTAN, ASSOCIATED WITH WEDDING RITUALS." DULATY UNIVERSITY BULLETIN 3, no. 11 (September 30, 2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55956/hiht7289.
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The ethnographic lexics of Kazaks in Karakalpakstan has survived its national features it has been influenced by the culture of local Turkic nations, and has arts peculiar in heritage. The article deals with some ethnographisms which are mostly used and concerned with local Kazakhs wedding traditions. Also there is given a linguistic analysis for ethnographisms which have been used in kazakh literary language since ancient times such as «kalin mal», «urunbariw», «xudo» and «kiyit».
6
G.B., Narymbet, and Baibosynova G. "Historical significance of Kazakh heroic epics during the period of Jochi Ulys." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 111, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph3/100-105.
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Today, the heroic epic represents an important part of the spiritual heritage of the Kazakh people. Ethnic history of Kazakhs and historical events are considered in oral folk art of Kazakhs. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to reveal the historical significance of the Kazakh heroic epic, characteristic of the Ulys Jochi period. In the article, the main plots and motifs of the Kazakh heroic epic are considered, the works of Kazakh and foreign researchers are analyzed, and the historical significance of the Kazakh heroic epic is determined.
7
Frizen, Dmitriy Yakovlevich. "The relationship between the Kazakhs and the peasant-migrants of Western Kazakhstan in the XIX - early XX century." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164209.
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The relationships between Kazakhs and Russian peasants have evolved for a long time. Over the past 20 years, Kazakh historians were unable to find new methods of research on the agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan. Basically, agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan is considered as a negative process, as the Russification of the Kazakh people. The majority of Kazakh historians write in similar spirit, and hence it is quite difficult to give an objective assessment of the events. The article reveals the problem of adaptation of the Russian peasants in the Western Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During the period of the Stolypin agrarian reform more than 1 million immigrants from various Russian provinces came to Kazakhstan. The tsarist government discussed the issue of agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan for a long time. The settlers began to rent the Kazakhs land. Settlements of Russian peasants appeared in the Kazakh steppes, and the Kazakhs began to settle near these villages. The relationship between the Kazakh population and the immigrants were peaceful. They worked together on the ground, sowed bread. Many Kazakhs began to learn the Russian language and were hired to work for Russian peasants. Labor contacts became more active. Western Kazakhstan was actively involved in the Russian market.
8
B.O., Buteyev. "Тhe poem of Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly “Kazak” kutty bolsyn!”: historical role and significance." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 110, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph2/71-78.
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This article notes the historical role and importance of the poem of Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly “Kazakh” kutty bolsyn!” (Congratulations on the release of the Kazakh!). The research material was collections of Kazakh newspapers, which were transcribed from Arabic graphics into Cyrillic, presented by Garifolla Anes and Svetlana Smagulova. The analysis showed that in all publications where this poem is available there are no such words as “podpishik” (subscriber), “pani” (non-permanent), the ethnonym “kyrgyz-kazak”, which is identified in combination with the modern ethnonym “kyrgyz”, is interpreted an erroneous way. The existing inaccuracies continue to wander from one collection of poems to another and require immediate textual analysis by humanities scholars. In order to avoid such inaccuracies in the interpretation of Shakarim’s legacy, it is necessary to use original sources that were published during the poet’s lifetime. Based on the conducted research, the author shows the role and importance of the Kazakh newspaper in the formation and development of the national self-consciousness of the Kazakhs. Based on the study, the author shows the historical role and importance of the Kazakh newspaper in the formation and development of the national identity of the Kazakhs.
9
Abil, Ye A., and A. Kuzembayuly. "Historical Memory of the Kazakhs in the “Materials on Kyrgyz Land Use”." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 105, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022hph1/7-15.
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The statistical survey of the territories of Kazakhstan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the results of which were reflected in the “Materials on Kyrgyz (Kazakh) Land Use”, reflected not only the economic condition of Kazakh society but also the traditional historical memory. Historical legends reflect the time of their settlement in certain territories. These legends record the earlier settlements of the Kazakhs in the territories of Northern Kazakhstan — in the 14th–16th centuries. However, a number of written sources contradict the historical memory of the Kazakhs and point out the appearance of the Kazakhs in this territory only in the 17th–18th centuries. The reason for this is that Kazakh communities which declared their autochthonous origin were not part of the political system of the Kazakh Khanate until the 17th century and were known under the collective names “Nogai” and “Siberian Tatars”. “Materials” are an important source on the ethnic and political history of the Kazakh steppes in the 14th–18th centuries.
10
ILYINA, A. A. "NATIONAL MOVEMENT OF KAZAKHS OF THE TYUMEN REGION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY: CONDITIONS OF ACTIVITY AND SPECIFCITY." Ethnography of Altai and Adjacent Territories 11 (2023): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0592-2023-11-97-100.
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The national movement of Kazakhs of the Tyumen region at the beginning of the XXI century is considered. The specifcity of the national movement of Kazakhs of the region under consideration lies in its accumulation around the National Cultural Autonomy of Kazakhs of the Tyumen region, which has a detailed structure and conducts active work to preserve Kazakh culture, language, and ethno-cultural identity. The consideration of the national movement of Kazakhs of the Tyumen region is preceded by an analysis of the activities of state authorities to preserve interethnic peace and stability in the region.
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Kadyrzhanova, V., and D. Yeshpanova. "THE STATE OF CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE NATION-BUILDING IN MODERN KAZAKHSTAN." Al-Farabi 75, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.3/1999-5911.09.
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The article examines nation-building in Kazakhstan from the point of view of the relationship between its homogeneous and heterogeneous cultural foundations. The article shows that the cultural and linguistic heterogeneity of the entire multiethnic society in Kazakhstan is inextricably linked with the Kazakh-Russian heterogeneity of the titular nation. The consequence of the heterogeneity of the titular nation is the three-element social structure of society in Kazakhstan: 1) Kazakh-speaking Kazakhs, 2) Russian-speaking Kazakhs, and 3) Russians and other nationalities. Due to the linguistic heterogeneity of the Kazakhs as the nuclear state-forming nation, such a transition is seriously hampered today in the nation-building in Kazakhstan. The results of the opinion poll demonstrate a different level of support for heterogeneity among different ethnocultural groups. The tendency to support cultural titular homogeneity among Kazakhs is significantly higher than among other ethnocultural groups.
12
Turlygozhayeva, Altyngul, Kaster Sarkytkan, and Nurbek Karipzhanov. "KAZAKHSTAN-CHINA RELATIONS: WITHIN GEOGRAPHY AND MIGRATION OF ETHNIC KAZAKH." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 8, no. 4 (June 11, 2024): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2023.4.53.
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The article reveals the geographical and historical significance of forming the Kazakh diaspora and irredentists. It gives general information about the number of ethnic Kazakhs living in many countries. The importance of ethnic Kazakhs in the foreign policy of the government of Kazakhstan with China is reflected in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Region, which is part of the Xinjiang district. The article also analyzes the share of immigrants and emigrants between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China, migration differences, statistical indicators of migrants between regions. Based on the indicators, the socio-economic problems between Kazakhstan and China were analyzed. Another point of the article is the use of statistical and demographic indicators received from the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2013-2020. These quantitative data play an important role in the analysis and assessment of the real state of external migration between the two states. The article reveals the geographical and historical significance of the formation of the Kazakh diaspora and irredentists, provides general information about the number of ethnic Kazakhs living in many countries of the world. The importance of ethnic Kazakhs in the foreign policy of the Government of Kazakhstan with China is reflected on the basis of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Region as part of the Shynzhansky district. The article also analyzes the share of immigrants and emigrants between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China, migration differences, and statistical indicators of migrants between regions. Based on the indicators, socio-economic problems between Kazakhstan and China were analyzed. Another point of the article is the use of statistical and demographic indicators obtained from the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2013-2020. These quantitative data play an important role in the analysis and assessment of the real state of external migration between the two States. The purpose and objectives of this study are aimed at analyzing the dynamics and features of Kazakh-Chinese relations in the context of geography and migration of ethnic Kazakhs. The main goal is to identify the impact of geographical location and migration processes on the development of relations between the two countries and the interaction of ethnic Kazakhs in this context. The methodology of this study is based on a comprehensive analysis of academic sources, official documents, statistical data, as well as the use of comparative analysis, historical analysis and geographical analysis methods to identify the dynamics and features of Kazakh-Chinese relations in the context of migration of ethnic Kazakhs. The novelty of the research will expand the scientific understanding of the dynamics and features of Kazakh-Chinese relations, taking into account geographical and ethnic aspects, as well as identify factors affecting the migration processes of ethnic Kazakhs and their impact on the development of bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and China. The study is expected to identify key trends in the development of Kazakh-Chinese relations in the context of migration of ethnic Kazakhs, as well as provide useful information for understanding the dynamics of ethnic and geopolitical processes in the region.
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Lapin, N. S. "Description of the Rite of Approval of the Kazakh Khan Nuraly in 1749." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-1-125-136.
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The article considers the confirmation of the Kazakh khans as the subjects of the Russian Empire. The implementation of the confirmation institute has become a new tool of Russia’s influence on the Kazakh elite. The publication allows us to imagine how Russian border officials tried to introduce new mechanisms of control over the Kazakhs. The lack of military and political resources forced Russian administrators to use symbolic resources in their relations with the Kazakhs. One of these, along with the oath, was the confirmation of the Kazakh ruler by the khan, made on behalf of the Russian ruling monarch. The first experience was the confirmation of the khan's dignity of Sultan Nuraly, the son of the elder khan of the Kazakhs, Abulkhair, who died in 1748. Nuraly’s statement became a precedent in relations with the Kazakhs. Russian authorities approved the Kazakh khan in July 1749; the first ceremony in the history of Kazakh-Russian relations took place near Orenburg. The Orenburg governor I. I. Neplyuev developed the rite of confirmation in detail. The ceremony included the arrival of Nuraly to the place of confirmation, the meeting of the khan, the announcement of his khan, the oath, the presentation of royal gifts, an official dinner with the participation of the approved khan, his entourage and Orenburg officials and military, and a number of other circumstances.
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Abdulina, Aksunkar T. "Demographic and Socio-Cultural Aspects of the Situation of the Kazakhs in Modern Uzbekistan." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical Studies 7, no. 4 (28) (December 28, 2020): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(4).157-166.
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The article presents the results of studying some aspects of demographic and social relations among the Kazakhs of Uzbekistan, who were subjected to assimilation in the post-Soviet period. The decrease in the quantitative indicators of the Kazakh ethnic group was caused by the migration outflow to Kazakhstan, where the policy of repatriation of ethnic Kazakhs and their socio-cultural adaptation is being pursued. Despite the declaration and implementation of a policy of broad tolerance towards ethnic and confessional groups in Independent Uzbekistan, under the presidency of I. Karimov, ethnicity was eroded, which led to reduction in the number of educational institutions with the Kazakh language of instruction, the representation of Kazakhs in power structures, etc. Under the new president Sh. Mirziyoev, some positive trends in the state of the Kazakh diaspora in Uzbekistan were outlined.
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Zhanisov, Asset T., and Saken Z. Razdykov. "THE KAZAKHS IN THE ZONE OF THE IRTYSH FRONTIER: TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF KAZAKHS-CATTLE BREEDERS IN THE MODERN TIMES." Ural Historical Journal 74, no. 1 (2022): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-1(74)-116-124.
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The article examines the processes of transformation of the economic activity of the 18th–19th centuries Kazakhs, who were in the zone of influence of the Irtysh frontier. The ‘Irtysh frontier’ is understood as a territorial zone where in modern period a chain of Russian military fortifications was located in the lands bordering with the Kazakhs. The article provides the prerequisites for the formation and a brief history of the fortified military line on the Irtysh, which became a springboard for the spread of Russian influence in the Steppe Territory and Central Asia. It also reveals the reasons for conflict situations between Kazakhs-cattle breeders and border authorities. A particular attention is paid to the consequences of the colonial administration restrictions on the migration of Kazakh herders in the lands adjacent to the Irtysh line. The authors consider the facts of “climbs” of the Kazakhs on the right bank of the river, which in the first place was due to the needs of horse breeding farms of the Irtysh Kazakhs. The need for pastures located in the Kulundinsky and Barabinsky steppes became one of the main reasons for the transition to permanent residence on the right bank of the Irtysh of a part of the Kazakhs and their adoption of Russian citizenship. The features of the change in the economy of the Kazakhs, expressed in the transition to semi-sedentary cattle breeding in the development of haymaking and agriculture, are traced. The authors give examples of cultural interaction and mutual influence between the Kazakh and Russian ethnic groups.
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S.Zh. Tazhibayeva, S. Zh Tazhibayeva, I. A. Nevskaya I.A. Nevskaya, A. K. Mutali A.K. Mutali, A. Kadyskyzy A. Kadyskyzy, and A. A. Absady A.A. Absady. "Lexical Peculiarities of Kazakh Spoken in China." Turkic Studies Journal 5, no. 4 (2023): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2023-4-130-145.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the relationship between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People’s Republic of China has increased in the fields of economics, politics, and culture. This situation attracts the attention of scholars dealing with the functioning of the Kazakh language in China. The Kazakh language in China has developed differently than the Kazakh language in Kazakhstan. The situation of the Kazakh language in and outside Kazakhstan differed greatly during the Soviet era, especially in the period between 1930-1991. After Kazakhstan gained its independence, the Kazakh language became the state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Ethnic Kazakhs from different parts of the world started migrating to their historical Motherland. In Kazakhstan, they have encountered various socio-cultural problems, the main of which is connected with different cultural backgrounds. Kazakhs in Kazakhstan have been strongly influenced by the communist ideology and the Russian culture. As for the ethnic Kazakhs from China they have also been influenced by the communist ideology, the Chinese language and culture. All that was mirrored, in the Kazakh language varieties they speak. This article aims at describing specific lexical language features of Kazakh spoken in China.
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Koptleuova, Kulpash, Balgenzhе Karagulova, Bagila Muratbek, Mairagul Kushtayeva, and Kulshat Kondybay. "Sociolinguistic and Extralinguistic Aspects of the Functioning of the Trilingualism in the Oil Industry of Kazakhstan." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 31, no. 2 (April 10, 2022): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2022-31-2-57-77.
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The purpose of the research. This paper describes the linguistic situation in the oil industry of Kazakhstan. The linguistic situation in the oil industry of Kazakhstan is characterized by functioning of the trilingualism with three languages being used simultaneously – Kazakh, Russian and English.
Methods and procedure of research. A survey was conducted among industry staff for the level identification of Kazakh-Russian-English trilingualism. Based on questionnaire method, we interviewed 600 oil industry specialists comparing the level of proficiency in the second and third languages, identifying the level of activity and particular spheres of communication for L1, L2, L3 for informants with different socio-demographic characteristics as well as individual motivations when choosing, studying and using the second and third languages
Results. Obtained records point out that the forms of interaction of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages are far from being similar. Kazakhs who do not know their native language, but only understand certain phrases make up 2.7%. Statistical data analysis revealed that 80.6% of Kazakhs are fluent in Russian, 1.4% of Kazakhs do not know Russian, 1.0% of Kazakhs are able to understand certain phrases. The age groups of 21-25, 26-35, and 36-45 have the highest English speakers percentage.
Conclusions. The Kazakh-Russian-English trilingualism is widespread among representatives of various social and professional groups of the oil industry, who speak their native Kazakh and Russian languages fluently, and also know how to communicate in English.
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Nurpeyisov, E. K., and S. A. Zhussip. "Constitutional meaning of Charter of the Country of Kazakhs by Barlybek Syrttanuly (S.B. Alashinsky)." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. LAW Series 144, no. 3 (2023): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2023-144-3-29-41.
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At the beginning of the twentieth century there were two directions of the national liberation movement in the Kazakh steppe, whose representatives assessed the possible ways of liberation of the Kazakh people from colonial dependence in different ways. The national-religious intelligentsia preferred the Islamization of the population in the family of the Muslim peoples of Russia, which, as a powerful cohesive religious force, would be able to break the chains of colonial dependence and lead the peoples to freedom and independence. Another direction of the national liberation movement is represented by the so-called ‘Westerners’ – the advanced national intelligentsia, which absorbed the ideas and values of the European humanitarian and democratic culture. The ideological foundations and postulates of these movements were fundamentally different, although their ultimate goal – the liberation of the people from colonial dependence, was the same. In strengthening the foundations of the ideology of the "Westerners", the essay on the history of the Kazakhs by A.N. Bukeikhan Kirghiz and the Charter of the Country of the Kazakhs developed by B. Syrttanuly on the initiative of the former played a key role. At the same time, in A. Bukeikhan’s essay, the lands originally inhabited by Kazakhs, and in the Charter of the Country of Kazakhs, the constitutional model of a parliamentary republic is presented, whose jurisdiction should be extended to this territory. Thus, the marginal boundaries of the Kazakhs’ residence were to become the state borders of the Republic of the Country of the Kazakhs.
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Konyrbaeva, Kulsiya. "COMPREHENSION OF PHILOSOPHICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE KAZAKH EPIC IN THE CONDITIONS OF SPIRITUAL MODERNIZATION OF SOCIETY." Adam alemi 89, no. 3 (September 26, 2021): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.3/1999-5849.06.
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This article reveals the main elements of the epic world, which are the roots of Kazakh spirituality. Certain elements of modern Kazakh culture are also manifested. The ontological side of the topic is the spiritual and cultural philosophical values that make up the ideological basis of Kazakh folklore: freedom, honesty, conscientiousness, justice and resistance to promises. The purpose of our research is the social argumentation of the Kazakh epic, based on the national code and mentality at the present stage of modernization of the Kazakh society. The article states that the epic poems of the Kazakhs are archetypes of the mentality of values of modern Kazakhs. It is supposed to revive the philosophical and poetic creativity of the Kazakh people as mental qualities absorbed by future generations.
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Aktailak, Bakytzhan B., Tlegen S. Sadykov, Ganizhamal I. Kushenova, Kairat K. Battalov, and Ainur P. Aliakbarova. "The idea of independence and freedom in the activities of Hasan Oraltay." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.97-108.
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Hasan Oraltay is a Kazakh figure abroad, researcher of the national liberation movement, historian, publicist, author of works in Turkish, Kazakh, English, German and other languages, honorary professor of the International Kazakh-Turkish University. He devoted all his life to serving for the benefit of the Kazakh people. In the 20th century, the Kazakhs of East Turkestan waged a liberation struggle for their freedom and independence. Hasan Oraltay wrote a chronicle of the life of the Kazakhs, persecuted by the totalitarian communist system in their homeland and gained freedom in the West. His writings highlight the history of the Alash national intelligentsia and all the pressing problems of Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the article deals with the writer's and, as is known, the historical role of Hasan Oraltay, from the perspective that the Kazakhs of East Turkestan, picking a pen, declared the first swallow of the national liberation struggle to the world. Half a century ago, his first book was published in the Turkish city of Izmir “On the way to freedom. Kazakh Turks of East Turkestan”. Until the last period of his life, all works written and organised by him were devoted to urgent problems concerning the Kazakh people, for the Kazakh past and future. Radio Azattyk (RL/RFE) was the first to speak about the uprising of Kazakh youth against the Soviet system in December of 1986. Later, Hassan Oraltay published in the Western press various articles about the December events, collections and books, in which he assessed the protest mood in Soviet Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that for 27 years of service in Azattyk, Hasan Oraltay constantly raised the urgent problems of Kazakhs in the Soviet Union. The study collected all information on the ideas of independence
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Aktailak, Bakytzhan B., Tlegen S. Sadykov, Ganizhamal I. Kushenova, Kairat K. Battalov, and Ainur P. Aliakbarova. "The idea of independence and freedom in the activities of Hasan Oraltay." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.97-108.
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Hasan Oraltay is a Kazakh figure abroad, researcher of the national liberation movement, historian, publicist, author of works in Turkish, Kazakh, English, German and other languages, honorary professor of the International Kazakh-Turkish University. He devoted all his life to serving for the benefit of the Kazakh people. In the 20th century, the Kazakhs of East Turkestan waged a liberation struggle for their freedom and independence. Hasan Oraltay wrote a chronicle of the life of the Kazakhs, persecuted by the totalitarian communist system in their homeland and gained freedom in the West. His writings highlight the history of the Alash national intelligentsia and all the pressing problems of Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the article deals with the writer's and, as is known, the historical role of Hasan Oraltay, from the perspective that the Kazakhs of East Turkestan, picking a pen, declared the first swallow of the national liberation struggle to the world. Half a century ago, his first book was published in the Turkish city of Izmir “On the way to freedom. Kazakh Turks of East Turkestan”. Until the last period of his life, all works written and organised by him were devoted to urgent problems concerning the Kazakh people, for the Kazakh past and future. Radio Azattyk (RL/RFE) was the first to speak about the uprising of Kazakh youth against the Soviet system in December of 1986. Later, Hassan Oraltay published in the Western press various articles about the December events, collections and books, in which he assessed the protest mood in Soviet Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that for 27 years of service in Azattyk, Hasan Oraltay constantly raised the urgent problems of Kazakhs in the Soviet Union. The study collected all information on the ideas of independence
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Svetlana, Gorbunova V. "“Letters from the trans-ural steppe” by Sultan Mendali Piraliev: an unofficial point of view of a russian official on imperial policy in Kazakhstan." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University 55, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-3/02.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of V. V. Grigoriev's views on Russian policy in the Kazakh Hordes. The interrelations with the Central Asia was not the primary one in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire in the 18th first half of the 19th centuries. Therefore, the central authorities entrusted managing the Kazakhs to the Orenburg governor and the Orenburg border commission. The Orenburg and Omsk officials not only implemented Russian policy in this region, but also exerted a strong influence on its formation and took part in the development of the most normative acts in the Steppe management. Therefore, the views of local officials are of interest for understanding the Central Asian policy of the Russian Empire, the peculiarities of relations with the Kazakhs and their management. V.V. Grigoriev, who held the important post of chairman of the Orenburg Border Commission, preferred to declare his position in the form of letters from the imaginary Kazakh sultan Mendali Piraliev, because thus as we can assume his ideas got more weight and he could have felt free in describing the policy of the Russian authorities in the Kazakh Hordes. This policy, according to V.V. Grigoriev, was erroneous, because it did not take into account the mentality of an Eastern person and was based not on justice, but on excessive indulgence. That is why the Russian administration could not cope even with the attacks of the Kazakhs on Russian villages and the border line that had been erected to separate the Kazakhs after their taking citizenship. V.V. Grigoriev, who headed the Orenburg border commission in the 50s and early 60s. XIX century, the period of the Kazakh steppe future fate determination, perhaps expected to strengthen the positions of supporters of the incorporation of Kazakhs into the general imperial political and legal space by publishing his polemical Letters.
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Muftakhutdinova, D. Sh. "Agrarian policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppe through the prism of Orthodox missionary work." Minbar. Islamic Studies 16, no. 3 (October 3, 2023): 562–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2023-16-3-562-584.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the Russian state agrarian policy in the Kazakh steppe, as well as reveals the influence of the Tatar sedentary agricultural practices and everyday culture on the Kazakhs, moving towards a settled way of life. The paper studies the investigated archival and ethnographic sources, describing the process of changing the everyday culture of the Kazakhs in the process of transition to a settled way of life. The study presents that during the transition to agriculture that happened to last the whole 19th century, the Kazakhs transformed their way of life not to Russian model, but to the Tatar one. Under the influence of Tatar Muslim culture, the Kazakhs strengthened their Islamic identity and, despite the efforts of Orthodox missionary work, for the most part remained Muslims.
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A. Jieensi and A. Y. Niazova. "LANGUAGE CHOICE IN MULTILINGUAL SPEECH COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF AKSAY, CHINA." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, no. 1,2024 (March 29, 2024): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/ggfs5430.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the language choice of Aksay Kazakhs based on different situations. It also finds out their mastery of the languages they use. Moreover, the study attempts to understand the changing trend of language usage among Kazakh residents of different age groups in the region and the reasons behind it. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher chose a sample of (40) Aksay Kazakh respondents. The characteristics of the survey sample are diverse and reasonable, covering two age groups at the same time. The research tool is a questionnaire. The results show that Kazakhs of different ages have different language choices for various reasons. The elder generation chooses Kazakh for most situations, while the younger generation prefers Mandarin. The influencing factors mainly include educational experience and the overall language environment. Their mastery of each language is different. The young generation of Kazakhs has a higher standard of Mandarin and a gradual decline in their mother tongue. At the same time, they have one more language choice, which is English. Through the above phenomena, this study also confirms that the linguistic diversity of the multilingual community is being threatened. The author proposed recommendations for maintaining linguistic diversity in multilingual communities. Keywords: language choice, multilingual community, language mastery, Chinese Kazakhs, minority language, dominant language, changing trends.
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Barlybaeva, G., D. Shaidulina, and G. Nussipova. "ABAY’S PHILOSOPHY AND THE CULTURAL CODE OF THE KAZAKHS." Al-Farabi 77, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2022.1/1999-5911.03.
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The article discusses the philosophical heritage of Abay, in whose ethical teaching Kazakh philosophy reaches its most mature stage. It is noted that the thinker was able to embody in his creations the thoughts and aspirations of the Kazakhs, their concepts of being, morality and ethics. All the work of the Kazakh philosopher is full of deep reflections on a whole, universal, harmonious and moral person, and his main goal was to teach what to do and what not to do in order to become a Person, to acquaint people with the true essence of good and evil. Abay is one of those philosophers and poets who form a person’s soul, the soul of the Kazakh people, and therefore, their national identity,the formation of which proceeded in the conditions of nomadic lifestyle accompanied by interactions with other cultures. He tries to reveal a unique character of the Kazakhs’ world, i.e. their cultural code. Abay's philosophical views, permeated with the ideas of moral improvement, kindness, mercy, justice, and tolerance, perform as the basis of the Kazakh national worldview, which forms the Kazakhs’ cultural code.
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Issenov, O. I., and B. K. Kupenov. "KAZAKH REFUGEES WHO RESETTED IN 1920-1930 TO THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN: THEIR ADAPTATION." History of the Homeland 99, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_3_96.
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The article tells about the Kazakh refugees who moved to the countries of Central Asia during the famine of the 20-30s of the last century. In archival documents of the Soviet period, they were written as "nomads". Today, the history of the Kazakhs who emigrated from Kazakhstan during the years of Naubet is an actual topic of national historical science. The basis of our article is the location of the Kazakhs who moved to the Republic of Tajikistan during the difficult years of the famine.The rich, mullahs andhunger refugees -Kazakh refugees who previously inhabited the Mangistau peninsula, migrated through Tajikistanalong the coast of the Caspian Sea, fled fromthe punishment of the Soviet government in the 1930s and famine to the territory of Irancalled “Mazandaran”.After years of settlement, villageswhere Kazakhs mostly settlednearby cities of the province -Gorgan, Bundar, Turkmen and Gombad-i-Kaus, secludedfrom the local population, the Turkmens called "Kazakh village". Eventually, these villages merged with the mentioned cities and joined the territory of the city.
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G.M., Mendikulova, Tumabayev T.S., and Koblandin K.I. "New findings under state grant of “Kazakhs in the Second World War: new documents from foreign archives” (2018-2020)." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 110, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph2/176-189.
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The participation of Kazakhs in the movement of resistance in Europe is a glorious page of both Kazakh and European history. The study and use of archival documents that shed light on the participation of Kazakhs in the fight against fascism, on the fate of people who were captured by the fascists, the discovery of the burials of fallen heroes, the restoration of the names of people who were officially considered missing, is an important part of the formation and preservation of the historical memory of the Kazakh people. Complex interdisciplinary study of the problems of the participation of Kazakhs in the Second World War in European countries, is a priority task of the International Research Project “Kazakhs in the Second World War: new documents from foreign archives” under the leadership of a doctor of historical sciences, professor G.M. Mendikulova. In the article, documents about the participation of Kazakhs in the movement of resistance in Europe, identified by the authors in foreign archives, are analyzed. Thousands of Soviet people, prisoners of war and civilians, who were taken to the West by the fascists, ended up in camps, forced labor in Belgian mines, factories, and farms. However, many of them did not accept their participation. People entered into an unequal struggle with fascist invaders, escaped from concentration camps, created partisan detachments. They defeated the enemy together with European patriots. The testimonies of eyewitnesses, certificates, reports on the actions of partisan detachments, documents on losses and burials found in the archives allow to restore and make public the history of the exploits of Kazakhs who heroically fought against fascism in Europe
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Godovova, Elena. "Orenburg Neplyuev Cadet Corps and the Distribution of Russian Education in the Kazakh Steppe." ISTORIYA 14, no. 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015864-9.
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The article analyzes the role of the Orenburg Neplyuevsky military school (cadet corps) in the dissemination of the Russian education in the Kazakh Steppe. It was concluded that this educational institution was the first in the educational training of Kazakhs, contributed to the formation of the Kazakh elite — military, officials and intelligentsia. For 40 years, the Orenburg Neplyuev military school, and then the cadet corps, gave special education to Kazakh boys. From 1825 to 1866 37 Kazakhs graduated from this educational institution. Graduates of the Neplyuevsky cadet corps not only regularly performed their functions while in various positions, but also made up the first galaxy of Russian officials from the Steppe, regularly served the Russian Empire.
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Sarmanova, S., M. Kozybayeva, and Kh Maslov. "Activities of the national intelligentsia to organize assistance to the Kazakhs mobilized for rear work during the First World War." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 144, no. 3 (2023): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2023-144-3-39-50.
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The article examines the role of figures of the Alash movement and the Kazakh intelligentsia in organizing assistance to Kazakhs mobilized for rear work during the First World War. With the beginning of the requisition, the activities of public committees for the organization of assistance to mobilized Kazakhs intensified. The article examines the activities and his direct participation of Alikhan Bukeikhan and his associates in the creation of a foreign department under the Committee of the Union on the Western Front, which monitored the living and working conditions of the rear guards, dealt with their nutrition and treatment. The authors come to the conclusion that numerous appeals of «Alash» figures demanding the immediate return of Kazakh workers mobilized for rear duty and the cessation of further mobilization lead to the fact that the Provisional Government was forced to issue a special decree suspending the mobilization of Kazakhs for rear work. In general, the analysis of archival materials showed that the involvement of educated Kazakh youth in the work of the Foreign Department to assist compatriots mobilized for rear work allowed them to go through a serious political school, and they fully managed to prove themselves during the subsequent revolutions.
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Sarmanova, S. R., M. M. Kozybayeva, and K. B. Maslov. "ALIKHAN BUKEIKHAN AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETHNIC IDENTITY OF THE KAZAKHS." edu.e-history.kz 31, no. 3 (October 20, 2022): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994_2022_31_3_277-284.
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The article is devoted to the study of the ethnic component of the identity of the Kazakhs at the beginning of the 20th century on the basis of the works of Alikhan Bukeikhan. The article considers internal and external factors that influenced the development of the ethnic identity of the Kazakhs. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the plurality of Kazakh identities, the study of various components of identity, the mechanisms of their formation and manifestation. The authors for the first time presented a comprehensive description of the identity of the Kazakhs at the beginning of the 20th century. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the ideas about the identity of B. Anderson, F. Bart, E. Hobsbaum. The main content of the study is the analysis of the scientific works of Alikhan Bukeikhan, in which the idea of the role of "Alash" in the revival of the national identity of the Kazakhs runs like a red thread. According to the authors, this issue reached its climax in December 1917 after the Second All-Kazakh Congress of the Alash Party and the decisions made at it. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the Kazakhs of the period under review are characterized by a multiple identity, consisting of several levels. It is emphasized that the reasons for such a hierarchy in ethnic identification were the large share of the territorial component, the increased role of the religious factor and the crisis of tribal identity.
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Frizen, Dmitriy Yakovlevich. "The agrarian question in life of Western Kazakhstan society in the 19 - early 20 centuries." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20162207.
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The agrarian question is a very urgent problem in Kazakhstan. The following paper shows the history of struggle for land in 19-20 centuries. At those times Kazakhs were nomads. Tsarism carried some reforms and made the lands in the Kazakh steppe the property of the state. In Western Kazakhstan agriculture, cattle breeding, trade developed. In the Kazakh steppe agrarian transformation started. Nomads started to build permanent dwellings. These buildings were near the Russian peasants. Construction of railways led to the fact that the Kazakhs and Russian peasants sold bread at the markets near stations. Stolypin agrarian reform accelerated the process of agrarian transformation. Eventually, Western Kazakhstan entered into Russian market.
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Fierman, William. "Language and Identity in Kazakhstan: Formulations in Policy Documents 1987–1997." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(98)00005-1.
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In the twentieth century the identity of Kazakhstan and the Kazakh people has been closely intertwined with the identity of Russia and the Russian people. Since Kazakhstan began to move toward sovereignty in the late 1980s, official republic documents relevant to language have reflected attempts to redefine republic and ethnic identity. This study traces the evolution of images of identity through examination of the title of language laws, legally declared status for Kazakh, Russian, and other languages, linguistic requirements for employment, and differential treatment of Kazakhs and non-Kazakhs. The continuing debate on language demonstrates that even though Kazakhstan is now an independent country, fundamental questions remain about its identity.
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Frizen, Dmitrii Ya. "ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATTLE BREEDING AND AGRICULTURE AMONG THE KAZAKHS IN THE WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 8, no. 1 (2022): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2022-8-1-241-252.
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The article studies the problem of the formation of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of economy in the territory of the Kazakh region, in particular in the Western Kazakhstan. With the assistance of various sources, we studied the features of the development of cattle breeding among the Kazakhs, which was adapted to the local climate, sparse vegetation, the low rainfall and other environmental and economic factors. In this article, we have shown the objective and subjective aspects that led to the settling of nomads. The resettlement policy of Russia led to a crisis of nomadic cattle breeding and poverty among many Kazakhs, which forced them to engage in agriculture. However, as shown in the article, the Kazakhs plowed the land only for additional income. The emergence of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of farming was complex and contradictory. The Kazakhs, who lived near Russian settlements, quickly moved to settle. And those Kazakhs who lived in the southern regions of the Turgai and Ural regions, as well as on Mangyshlak and the Inner Horde continued to engage in cattle breeding. This situation divided the region into agricultural and cattle-breeding and this went on for many years.
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Kaziev, S. Sh, R. A. Starchenko, and M. V. Mogunova. "Marriages of the urban Kazakhs and Russians of Northern Kazakhstan: current trends and prospects." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3(58) (September 15, 2022): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-58-3-16.
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Inter-ethnic marriages are relevant markers of the blurring of ethnic boundaries, and they show the degree of integration of the society. Mixed marriages between Russians and Kazakhs were previously rare, despite the continuance of side-by-side residence and tolerant relationships. Among the impediments were the concerns of the Kazakhs about the loss of ethno-cultural traditions and subsequent assimilation. The situation changed since the mid-1990s, when the accelerated urbanization and modernization led to the increase in the number of mixed marriages among the Kazakh population. In this article, main trends in the development of marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs are shown with the example of urban residents of Petropavlovsk from the mid-1990s to 2020. The aim of the work is to study the factors contributing to the intensification or blocking of inter-ethnic mar-riage and to analyze the impact of inter-ethnic marriages on ethno-cultural attitudes and identity. The source base of the study comprised the materials of the act books of the state registration of the civil status acts from the city department of the Civil Registry Office of the Department of Justice of the North Kazakhstan region. The trends identified in the materials of the Civil Registry Office were verified by conducting ethno-sociological studies. The research showed a steady increase in the number of marriages between the Kazakhs and Russians and a change in the attitude of the Kazakhs on the mixed marriages in a positive direction. The analysis of the socio-logical surveys indicates a positive or neutral attitude of the majority of the respondents to the very fact of mixed marriage and its further consequences. Quantitative data on the city of Petropavlovsk confirm the long-term trend of increase in the number of marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs. Qualitative changes are represented by the involvement of Kazakh women in marriages with Russians, since previously such marriages were a rare exception. Inter-ethnic marriages between the Kazakhs and Russians has a profound effect on preservation of ethno-cultural traditions, shifting them towards a «European» family with such characteristics as gender equality and individual choice. However, mixed marriages between the Russians and Kazakhs do not lead to the formation of hybrid and panethnic groups, there is no construction of new ethnic borders. The choice of identity is made primarily by the father. The increase in the proportion of the urban Kazakhs leads to the intensification of inter-ethnic marriage and formation of a two-part local community due to the assimilation of ethnic minorities.
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Smagulov, Bolat. "Ethnic elements of Turkic and mongolian origin in the Kazakh people (XVIII – early XX century)." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 10, no. 2 (July 18, 2024): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2024.2.21.
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The article is devoted to the study of ethnic elements of Turkic and Mongolian origin that became part of the Kazakh people in modern times. During the designated chronological period, separate groups and representatives of the Kyrgyz, Bashkirs, Tatars, Karakalpaks, Kalmyks and other peoples joined the Kazakhs, the “traces” of which are reflected in the tribal composition of the Kazakhs. Based on an analysis of available written and archival sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the integration of these ethnic elements into the Kazakh people was completely completed by the beginning of the twentieth century, dragging out in some cases (for example Sarts) until the mid-20s. XX century At the same time, the factors for such rapid integration of Turkic ethnic elements were the linguistic, religious and cultural proximity of the Turkic peoples, and in the case of the Kalmyks, a similar way of life in the conditions of the steppe zone of Eurasia. The purpose of the article is to study the ethnic elements of Turkic and Mongolian origin that became part of the Kazakh people in modern times. Novelty, directions and ideas of the research - in the designated chronological period, separate groups and representatives of the Kyrgyz, Bashkirs, Tatars, Karakalpaks, Kalmyks and other peoples joined the Kazakhs, the “traces” of which are reflected in the tribal composition of the Kazakhs. Based on an analysis of available written and archival sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the integration of these ethnic elements into the Kazakh people was completely completed by the beginning of the twentieth century, dragging out in some cases (for example, if we talk about the Sarts) until the mid-20s. XX century The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as ethnographic research methods.
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Kesici, Özgecan. "The Alash movement and the question of Kazakh ethnicity." Nationalities Papers 45, no. 6 (November 2017): 1135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1320541.
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This paper considers how the Alash movement, the Kazakh national movement led by Russian-educated Kazakh intellectuals in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, redefined Kazakh ethnicity into the Kazakh nation. Aimed at modernizing Kazakh society by declaring itself a nation, the movement used the myth of common descent. It is not surprising, then, that the movement took on the name of Alash, a mythical figure believed to have been the father of all three Kazakh zhuz (tribal confederations). This paper examines the discourse around Kazakhness and its distinction from its Muslim neighbors with respect to five factors; the “true” myth of common descent of Kazakhs, Kazakh history as one of common fate, a nomadic way of life, the weak links to Islam among Kazakhs, and, finally, the legitimization of the Alash leaders as the legitimate speakers for the Kazakh nation. This analysis, in turn, may provide a better understanding of the ways in which social and intellectual movements can redefine belonging, depending on historical circumstances and opportunities and constraints in the social sphere.
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Oh, Sang-Ho, Young-Hoon Son, and Jae-Min Kim. "Studying the Social Activism of Ethnic Intellectual Groups in Kazakhstan: Focusing on Aspects of Pro-Democracy Activism." Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs 22, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2023.22.2.67.
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The social ideas of modern Kazakh national intellectuals focused on strengthening Kazakh national identity, embracing the modernised civilisations of Russia and the West while turning away from archaic Islamic ideas, and repairing the national ideology damaged by the Soviet Union. This ideology of Kazakh national freedom was promoted in earnest in the early 20th century with the creation of the first modern national political party called the Alash, but ethnic intellectuals within the Alash also worked to modernise and revive Kazakh national ideology in a variety of areas, including freedom of speech and assembly, human rights, women's issues, labour rights, and education, all of which are important issues in modern society. In particular, this article explores the ways in which Kazakh ethnic intellectuals have engaged in democratisation activities in relation to various modernising ideologies, including the media, and assemblies where Kazakhs can share their views, as well as their limitations in ensuring the human rights of ethnic Kazakhs and women.
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McDaniel, Sean. "‘Our Greatest Riches’: Horses at the Intersection of Settler and Kazakh Society in the Late Imperial Period." Journal of Migration History 3, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 210–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00302003.
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This article examines interactions between Slavic peasant migrants and mobile pastoralist Kazakhs within the setting of the Kazakh Steppe during the period of heaviest resettlement to the region beginning in the late nineteenth century and continuing into the early twentieth century. It considers how the importance of horses to both settlers and Kazakhs alike dictated these interactions and how the sedentary world of the settlers disrupted the seasonal migration routes of Kazakh horse herders. Particularly with concern to the greatly expanded horse market, issues regarding land use, and increased instances of horse theft throughout the region, the Russian state’s encroachment into the steppe forever altered the social and economic makeup of the region.
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Ordabekova, Khafiza, Saule Tulepova, Maira Zholshayeva, and Kenzhetay Kurkebayev. "The Concept “Wolf” in Kazakh Language: Traditional Conceptualisations." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2022-0012.
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Abstract The current article attempts to analyze the concept of “wolf” and its conceptualisations by native Kazakh people through the study of Kazakh idioms, set expressions, proverbs, sayings, and quotations with this component. The objective was to conduct the conceptual analysis in order to discern figurative-associative and evaluative meaning of the concept “wolf”. By presenting the cognitive model of this concept in the linguistic consciousness of the Kazakhs, its conceptualisation is demonstrated, the associative nature of the concept “wolf” and its universal, ideological and ethnocultural features are manifested. It was found that the concept “wolf” has various conceptualisations, reflecting the Kazakhs’ naive national-linguistic picture of the world and evokes interpretations with positive and negative connotations as well.
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Kulagina, Y. V., B. Q. Smagulov, and T. N. Bolsynbek. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUSEUM SPHEREIN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 1930S-1950S." edu.e-history.kz 31, no. 3 (October 20, 2022): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994_2022_31_3_352-365.
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The article provides an analysis of ethnographic materials on the traditional culture of Kazakhs from the personal archive of the famous Omsk local historian S.R. Laptev. Based on archival materials that are non-previous in the Kazakh language, the authors pay attention to the windshields and such a traditional dwelling as a dugout, as well as the customs and traditions of the Kazakhs of the Omsk region and the northern regions of Kazakhstan. For a visual demonstration of the characteristics of the traditional culture of the Kazakhs, the article presents photographs characterizing certain elements of their culture. Along with this, some information related to the life and creative paths of S.R. Laptev is given. To identify the degree of knowledge of the topic, an analysis of works devoted to both general issues of local history research and issues directly related to the activity of S.R. Laptev in the field of local history. The authors concluded about the significance of ethnographic materials to study thetraditional culture of the Kazakhs of the Omsk region and the northern regions of Kazakhstan.
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Abdirov, M. Z. "MUHAMMAD-HANAFIA (CHOKAN) CHINGHISOVICH VALIKHANOV ABOUT THE ETYMON «KAZAK», THE ETHNONYM «KAZAKH» AND THE ETHNOGENESIS OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE (FIRST ARTICLE)." History of the Homeland 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_1_15.
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The issues of the origin and formation of the Kazakh people and the semantics of the ethnonym “Kazakh” occupy an important place in the extensive creative heritage of Ch. Valikhanov. He specifically devoted two articles to this issue: “A letter to Professor I.N. Berezin” (1852) and “Kirghiz genealogy” (1852-1853), although he addressed this topic in other works as well. Of course, in his era, many eastern works on the history of the Kazakhs were unknown to scholars, so he relied on available sources, including the heroic folk epic, on proven historical facts. Thus, it was he who laid the scientific and theoretical foundations for the study of the ethnogenesis of the Kazakh people, they have not lost their relevance to this day, therefore they are the fundamental principles in the study of the national and cultural identity of the Kazakhs.
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Atygayev, Nurlan A. "Ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad Khan in the history of the Kazakh Khanate." Golden Horde Review 11, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.443-452.
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Research objectives: To consider information from historical sources about the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad khan and elucidate of their role in the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries. Research materials: The work “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek, medieval written historical sources, and historical research literature on the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries. Results and scientific novelty: This paper presents information from historical sources about the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad Khan and shows the role of each of them in the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries. The name of his great-great-grandfather, Zhanibek Khan, was associated with education itself in the middle of the 15th century national state, the Kazakh Khanate. The great-grandfather of Uraz-Muhammad khan Zhadik-khan died in the struggle for the unification of the lands of the Kazakhs. His grandfather Shigai Khan, for a short time in the early 1580s, was the supreme ruler of the Kazakh Khanate. It is very important to note that Shigai Khan laid the foundation of the dynasty that ruled the Kazakhs for more than 200 years until the abolition of the khan’s power by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The father of Uraz-Muhammad Khan Ondan-Sultan died defending the lands of the Kazakhs from the Kalmaks and had the honor of being buried in the Muslim shrine of the nomadic Turks –the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. In conclusion, it is clear that the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad played an important role in the history of the Kazakh Khanate.
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Shaken, Bulbul. "Features of the surname of Kazakh repatriates and its social-documentary consequences." Journal of history 113, no. 2 (2024): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jh.2024.v113i2-03.
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The article discusses the ways of forming the surname of Kazakhs from far abroad and its impact on documentary naturalization and social integration. The purpose of the study is to consider some of the problems arising from the peculiarities of the surnames of Kazakh repatriates from different points of view (linguistic, legal) and discuss this using specific examples. To achieve this goal, such tasks as iden-tifying the concept of “surname” in the Kazakh worldview, its alternatives, the role of patronymic sur-names and studying the factors that influenced the formation of the surname of Kazakh repatriates were put forward. The results of the study showed that the surnames of Kazakhs in most cases are astronomi-cal names. In some countries, Kazakhs used surnames such as patronymic surnames (China, Mongolia), eponyms (Iran), the title of birthplace, names associated with the Kazakh culture (Turkey). But the way to register their full name and documents was developed on the basis of various state laws and official languages. Usually, their full names in the identity documents consist of two components (surname, first name). The fact that such documents create obstacles to their social life after returning to Kazakhstan is revealed on the basis of interviews with Kazakh repatriates. The society, accustomed to a documentary structure consisting of three components (surname, first name, patronymic), sometimes gets confused from the names of Kazakh repatriates, cannot distinguish where the surname is and where the name is. Summing up these causes and consequences, it was concluded that during the transformation of the various documents of the Kandases did not provide for a unified state standard, as a result of which the documents were not properly structured.
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Buri, Tabea. "Urbanisation and Changing Kazakh Ethnic Subjectivities in Gansu, China." Inner Asia 18, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340054.
Full textAbstract:
In the late 1990s, the entire population of the Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County in Gansu, China, was resettled to the newly built town of Hongliuwan. About one-third of Aksay’s Kazakh population had already left before the resettlement started, migrating predominantly to Kazakhstan. In order to keep the favourable status of an Autonomous County, the remaining Kazakhs had to be persuaded to stay. This paper argues that by building the new town, the Chinese state has considerably shaped its citizen’s decision-making process regarding migration. The state has offered appealing options regarding financial safety and a modern lifestyle, so that most Kazakhs in Hongliuwan would see no reason to leave anymore. This case presents an example of how the Chinese state impacts the decisions of its citizens by manifesting itself in an urban context.
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Kuşçu, Işık. "Changing perception of homeland for the Kazakh diaspora." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 3 (May 2016): 380–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1123681.
Full textAbstract:
There is a sizable Kazakh diaspora living in Turkey and Europe. Since their initial migration, these Kazakhs have been involved in actions aiming to preserve their group's cultural and ethnic boundaries. By studying these actions and related discourses, this article seeks to explain how these groups formulated and reformulated their identities and loyalties in their host states over generations. Many Kazakhs in Turkey and Europe originally came from Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang) and considered this area their homeland. However, Kazakhstan's independence in 1991 led to an important change in their homeland orientation and, after 1991, the activities of an increasing number of Kazakh diaspora organizations shifted toward Kazakhstan as the homeland. Therefore, this article focuses mainly on two periods: the period before and the period after Kazakhstan's independence. The fieldwork was conducted in Turkey, Germany, France, and the Netherlands and includes interviews with leaders of Kazakh diaspora organizations and other members of the diaspora.
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Mukhamedina, Shamshiya. "“Kazakhization” and Ethnic Formation of Kazakhs." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 12-3 (December 1, 2021): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202112statyi67.
Full textAbstract:
Global challenges at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries still exposed, if not exacerbated, the problem of ethnic mobilization bordering on extremism. This problem is actual for Kazakhstan, too. “Kazakhization” can be accompanied not only by interethnic tension, but also by an ethno-clan struggle for power, which took place in the historical development of the Kazakh people. The author focuses on the analysis of the ethnic formation of the Kazakhs as a conglomerate community that has undergone various forms of identity - from tribal to imperial. The formation of the Kazakh people is a proof to refute “kazakhization”.
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Romasheva, Zh Zh. "Emigration attitudes of young people in the northern and southern regions of Kazakhstan, depending on individual values." Minbar. Islamic Studies 14, no. 3 (October 11, 2021): 703–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2021-14-3-703-730.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the problem is caused with the lack of comparative studies on the problem of emigration attitudes and their predictors in the context of the cultural characteristics of Kazakhstan regions. The article analyzes the research conducted, the purpose of which was to compare the severity of emigration attitudes determined by the individual values of Kazakhs depending on the region of residence, and the following hypotheses are put forward: 1. The degree of expressing emigration attitudes among the Kazakh youth from the northern regions is higher compared to the same of the southern regions; 2. The meta-values of Preservation and Self-overcoming are more signifi cant for the young people of Southern Kazakhstan (in comparison with Northern Kazakhstan); 3. The emigration attitudes of the youth in Northern Kazakhstan are associated with the meta-values of Willingness to change and Self-affi rmation; 4. The emigration attitudes of the youth of Southern Kazakhstan are associated with the metavalues of Preservation and Self-Overcoming. The study participants, including young people (N=364) aged from 17 to 35, where 78% (285) is represented by women, were examined using such methods as the “Scale of migration attitudes” (S.A. Kuznetsova, I.Yu. Kuznetsov, A.V. Feshchenko), modifi ed into the “Scale of emigration attitudes”, which allows to identify the degree of severity of emigration attitudes; PVQ-21-ESS7 that is the version of a questionnaire for measuring individual values (Sh. Schwartz), aimed at studying the signifi cance of values, and the method of multiple linear regression analysis, the Student›s t-test. It is revealed that the Kazakhs of the northern regions of Kazakhstan (compared with the Kazakhs of Southern Kazakhstan) have more pronounced emigration attitudes, the importance of the Self-affi rmation metavalue is higher, emigration attitudes are positively associated with the Willingness to change meta-value; among the Kazakhs of Southern Kazakhstan (in comparison with the Kazakhs of Northern Kazakhstan), the meta-value of Preservation is of great importance, emigration attitudes are negatively associated with the meta-value of Self-overcoming; the meta-value of Self-overcoming is equally signifi cant for both the Kazakhs of the northern and the southern regions; emigration attitudes of the Kazakhs of both the southern and northern regions are negatively associated with the meta-value of Preservation and are positively associated with the meta-value of Self-Affi rmation. The obtained research results can be used in forecasting the migration behavior of Kazakh youth, as well as in the process of realizing a program “Rukhani Zhangyru – Public Consciousness Modernization” in Kazakhstan.
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Zhetpisov, S. "INTERFERENCE OF LANGUAGES IN KAZAKHSTAN." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.14.
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The article examines the issues of Korean-Russian-Kazakh trilingualism since 1937 from the moment of the forced resettlement of Koreans from the Far East to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The study examined the functioning of the Korean language for 80 years, Korean living in Kazakhstan. The factors that determined the interaction of the three languages are primarily the daily communication of Koreans with Kazakhs, Russians and other peoples of Kazakhstan. The political factor also plays an important role, since the majority of the non-Kazakh population was resettled to Kazakhstan as a result of state policy. The geographical factor, compactness of settlement, linguistic contacts of Koreans and Kazakhs with other peoples, school education, the presence of an intermediary language, the media, as well as the language policy pursued in different periods of the country's history are also important.
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Alekseyenko, Alexandr, Zhanna Aubakirova, Eleonora Stolyarova, and Tamerlan Omyrzak. "Urban Population of Modern Kazakhstan: Features of Formation and Development." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 10-2 (October 1, 2021): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202110statyi53.
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The article deals with the process of forming the modern urban population of Kazakhstan on an autochthonous basis. Conventional stages of development of the phenomenon are designated. In the 1930s and 1970s, as a result of the migration inflow, an ethnically differentiated settlement system developed in the Republic. The majority of the urban population were the Russians, meanwhile the majority of the Kazakhs lived in rural area. In the 1970s and 1980s, the process of urbanization of Kazakhs became more active, losing the foundations of ethnic culture in the Russified city. The formation of Kazakhstan’s statehood actualizes the problem of creating an urban Kazakh nation capable of solving the problems of modernization development. Currently, the urban population majority of the Republic are Kazakhs. It is important that the generation born and socialized in the post-Soviet time gradually enters the socially active age. It is this generation that will form various options for the further development of Kazakhstan’s urban space.
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Orynbayeva, G. "KAZAKH VILLAGE AND SOVIET MODERNIZATION: TRADITIONAL CULTURE ON THE EVE OF DEATH." History of the Homeland 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_1_191.
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This article is devoted to the topic of changes in the economy and culture of the Kazakhs during the years of the establishment of Soviet power on the territory of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to show the chain of cause-and-effect relationships that led to the loss of the ancestral culture by the people caused by artificial factors. The Soviet government, pursuing a modernizing policy, sought to eliminate the former traditional way of life of peoples, including nomadic Kazakhs. As a result of the violent actions of the Bolsheviks: food requisitions, dispossessions, collectivization, sedentarization and the subsequent tragedy – famine, there were sharp and irreversible changes in the traditional economy and culture of the Kazakh people. Famine became a decisive factor in introducing Kazakhs and other Soviet peoples to the collective farm system. In the course of these events, forcible inoculation, imposition of an unusual, alien culture of management and life was carried out.