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Journal articles on the topic 'KCl solution concentration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Yanti, Selvia Sofi, Muhimatur Rosida, Ketut Sumada, Caecilia Pujiastuti, and Suprihatin Suprihatin. "Study of Crystallization Process of Potassium Chloride (KCl) Solution with Ethanol Solution." G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan 9, no. 1 (2025): 40–48. https://doi.org/10.70609/gtech.v9i1.5628.

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This study develops a method for producing KCl fertilizer from KCl waste generated during the industrial production of calcium oxide, with KCl concentrations in the wastewater ranging from 7-10%. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of ethanol concentration and crystallization time on pore diameter, KCl content, and the amount of product produced. The study was conducted in two stages: evaporation and crystallization. In the evaporation stage, the KCl waste was heated until it reached a saturated solution. In the crystallization stage, ethanol solution was added as

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2

A. Al-Hemiri, Adil, Adil O. Sharil, and Mustrfa Hussein. "A Study of Forward Osmosis Using Various Drawing Agent." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 10, no. 3 (2009): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2009.3.7.

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This research was aimed to study the osmotic efficiency of the draw solutions and the factors affecting the performance of forward osmosis process : The draw solutions used were magnesium sulfate hydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) pojtassium chloride (KCL), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). It was found that water flux increases with increasing draw solution concentration, and feed solution flow rate and decreases with increasing draw solution flow rate and feed solution concentration. And also found that the efficiency of the draw solutions is in the following order: CaCl2&

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3

Xiao, Xiu, Yu Guo, Zongyu Wang, et al. "Effect of Liquid Grounding Electrode on the NOx Removal by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Non-Thermal Plasma." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (2021): 8815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198815.

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In this paper, an experimental setup was established to study the influence of potassium chloride (KCL) solution as the ground electrode on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal efficiency in non-thermal plasma (NTP) generated by dielectric barrier discharging (DBD) reactor. The experimental results show that the KCL solution as the ground electrode has better stability and higher discharge intensity and it is a promising approach to improve NOx removal efficiency. The specific NOx removal efficiency is related to the power frequency, the concentration and temperature of the KCL solution. As the p

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4

Wang, Hong. "Zinc Chloride Content Analysis Methods and Special Reagent in Acidic Galvanized Solution." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.335.

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In recent years, because the quality of chemical materials in markets exists large difference, we found concentrations of ZnCl2 unusually high, Cl- concentration not lower and a serious shortage of KCl concentration as using traditional methods to analyze the bath. This phenomenon occured frequent. The companies that had problems were recommended to take measures to dilute ZnCl2 concentration range in 60 ~ 80g/l and add KCl and H3BO3 to the normal scope according to analysis results. However, the old problems still remained when the adjusted solution was analyzed again. The concentration of ea

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5

Li, Jiadong, Yuanhe Ding, Jinyi Qin, Chuanyong Zhu, and Liang Gong. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Membrane Distillation for Different Salt Solutions in Nanopores." Molecules 29, no. 19 (2024): 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194581.

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Nanoporous membranes offer significant advantages in direct contact membrane distillation applications due to their high flux and strong resistance to wetting. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to explore the performance of membrane distillation in a single nanopore, mainly focusing on wetting behavior, liquid entry pressure, and membrane flux variations across different concentrations and types of salt solutions. The findings indicate that increasing the NaCl concentration enhances the wetting of membrane pores, thereby decreasing the entry pressure of the solution. However, a

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6

Salanci, Eva, Fils Andriamainty, Dominika Adamove, and Roman Mikláš. "Study of the Effect of Chlorides and Bromides on Critical Micelle Concentration and Partial Molar Volume of Quaternary Ammonium Salt." Chemické listy 116, no. 1 (2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220042.

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The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the selected surfactant belonging to quaternary ammonium salts with chemical designation N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-((1R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3yl)propyl)hexadecane-1-amine bromide was determined. Simultaneously, the effect of the addition of various concentrations of NaCl, KCl, NaBr, and KBr salts on the CMC value of the substance was observed and compared with those obtained in an aqueous solution at T = 296,15 K. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that NaCl and KCl salts decreased the critical micelle concentr

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7

Peters, Reisha D., and Scott D. Noble. "Using near infrared measurements to evaluate NaCl and KCl in water." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 27, no. 2 (2019): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518821834.

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Spectral differences between aqueous solutions of NaCl and KCl have received minimal attention in previous research due to strong similarities between the two salts and the lack of motivation to differentiate between them. Correlations between salinity and absorbance have been developed previously with varying degrees of linearity but have not been tested to saturation. This work will demonstrate that correlating spectral measurements and the concentration of NaCl and KCl in water can be extended up to the saturation point of both salts and that solutions of these salts with unknown concentrat

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8

Roaldset, E., He Wei, and S. Grimstad. "Smectite to illite conversion by hydrous pyrolysis." Clay Minerals 33, no. 1 (1998): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985598545336.

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AbstractExperimental illitization of smectite has been simulated by means of hydrous pyrolysis, using a smectite-rich starting material from a Lower Tertiary claystone from the Oseberg field, North Sea. The <2 µm fraction was subjected to hydrous pyrolysis using KCL solutions at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.01 N, temperatures from 180-350°C and reaction times from 24-72 h. The conversion of smectite into illite has been identified by XRD analysis of the pyrolysed products. It was clearly demonslrated that the K+ concentration ([K+]) and temperature are the major factors controlling the rate

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9

Islam, Md Sahidul, Roksana Khatun, and Antika Das Gupta. "Effect of NaCl and KCl on the Micellization of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate in presence of Cephradine Monohydrate Through Conductivity." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 40, no. 3 (2024): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/400323.

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The effect of NaCl and KCl on the micellization of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactants in cephradine monohydrate (CPDM) has been studied by conductance measurement. In this study, we have examined the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant solutions in drug-salt systems by conductance measurement in an aqueous medium and electrolyte solutions. In this study, CMC were calculated through piece-wise linear model by identifying a distinct and abrupt change in the specific conductivity (G) as the surfactant concentration increased. In all

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10

Teng, Ye, Hisae Tateishi-Karimata, Tatsuya Ohyama, and Naoki Sugimoto. "Effect of Potassium Concentration on Triplex Stability under Molecular Crowding Conditions." Molecules 25, no. 2 (2020): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020387.

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The properties of non-canonical DNA structures, like G-quadruplexes and triplexes, change under cell-mimicking molecular crowding conditions relative to dilute aqueous solutions. The analysis of environmental effects on their stability is crucial since they play important roles in gene expression and regulation. In this study, three intramolecular and intermolecular triplex-forming sequences of different C+*G-C triplet content (*: Hoogsteen base pair; - : Watson–Crick base pair) were designed and their stability measured in the absence and presence of a crowding agent with different K+ concent

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11

Ahmadi, Mohammad, and Mohammad Kazem Souri. "NUTRIENT UPTAKE, PROLINE CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY OF PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) UNDER HIGHER ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION CREATED BY NITRATE OR CHLORIDE SALTS OF POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 18, no. 5 (2019): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.5.11.

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This study was conducted to evaluate effects of higher conductivity of nutrient solution created by nitrate or chloride salts of potassium and calcium on growth characteristics of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum var annuum) during four months of growth period. Two EC5 and EC8 dS/m of Hoagland nutrient solution were prepared using various salt combinations, namely; KCl + CaCl2, KNO3 + CaNO3, and KNO3 + CaNO3 + NaCl. Hoagland nutrient solution with EC 1.8 dS/m was served as control. Higher conductivity treatments had different effects on pepper plant growth. The most significant reduction in grow

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12

WANG, F. L., and P. M. HUANG. "ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE DETERMINATION OF SOLUTION K IN SOIL SUSPENSIONS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN KINETIC STUDIES." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 3 (1990): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-041.

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The feasibility of using a K ion-selective electrode (K-ISE) to monitor changes in solution K concentration in soil suspensions with time, under shaking conditions, was investigated and its significance in kinetics studies of K adsorption was discussed. Factors that affect the efficiency of the K-ISE method include the response time of the electrode, influence of suspended soil particles, shaking speed, and ionic strength of the system. The response time of the K-ISE decreased with increasing K concentration. Moreover, for a system with a solution K concentration greater than 10 mg K L−1, erro

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13

Majeed, Nadhmia. "Effect of Chloride Solution on Liquid Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soil in Selected Sites in Erbil /North Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 29, no. 5 (2024): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v29i5.1676.

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This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of NaCl, CaCl2, KCl, and NH4Cl solutions with different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%) on the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of Sarbasty and Mamwastayan soil samples /Erbil Governorate. The soil samples' liquid and plastic limits were found by using the cone penetrometer method. The Results showed that the soil's liquid, plastic limits, and Plasticity index decreased with increasing salt solution concentration. Maximum reduction of liquid limit and plastic limit in Sarbasty was from 53.6 to 34.3 and in Mamwastayan from 35.9

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14

Zhang, Lanxin, Jingjing Gao, Tinghuan Wang, et al. "Catalytic Pyrolysis Characteristics of Potassium Chloride on Ash Branch Wood and Its Kinetic Study." Forests 16, no. 1 (2024): 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16010057.

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Branch wood, as a renewable biomass resource, presents certain challenges due to its high volume, complex physical properties, difficulty in handling, and relatively high production costs. Potassium chloride (KCl) treatments were applied to ash branch wood (ABW) using solutions with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% via immersion. Pyrolysis tests were performed at different pyrolysis temperatures (450 °C, 600 °C, 750 °C) and different pyrolysis times (2 h, 3 h, 4 h). The thermal degradation behavior was meticulously examined through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the pyrolysis

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15

Zhao, Bin, Guo Yue Geng, Jian Xin Chen, Shao Feng Zhang, Yin Hui Li, and Ai Dang Lu. "The Ternary System Phase Equilibrium of KCl-NH₄Cl-H₂O at 80°C." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.519.

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The ternary system of solid-liquid phase equilibrium relation of KCl-NH4Cl-H2O was studied at 80 °C. The solubility data of KCl and NH4Cl in water were obtained by isothermal equilibrium method, and the phase diagram of the system was plotted. The result showed that this system exist six phase regions: i.e. the unsaturated solution region, pure KCl , pure NH4Cl, the solid solution base of KCl, the solid solution base of NH4Cl and their common crystallization region with the solid solution base of KCl and the solid solution base of NH4Cl crystallization regions. Some crystallization area will b

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16

Tichý, David, and Zdeněk Slouka. "Semi-Continuous Desalination and Concentration of Small-Volume Samples." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (2021): 12904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312904.

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Electrodialysis is an electric-field-mediated process separating ions exploiting selective properties of ion-exchange membranes. The ion-exchange membranes create an ion-depleted zone in an electrolyte solution adjacent to the membrane under DC polarization. We constructed a microfluidic system that uses the ion-depleted zone to separate ions from the processed water solution. We tested the separation performance by desalting a model KCl solution spiked with fluorescein for direct observation. We showed both visually and by measuring the conductivity of the output solutions that the system can

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17

Qiao, Mengdan, Fei Li, Xianze Meng, et al. "Study on the Structure of a Mixed KCl and K2SO4 Aqueous Solution Using a Modified X-ray Scattering Device, Raman Spectroscopy, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Molecules 27, no. 17 (2022): 5575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175575.

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The microstructure of a mixed KCl and K2SO4 aqueous solution was studied using X-ray scattering (XRS), Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation (MD). Reduced structure functions [F(Q)], reduced pair distribution functions [G(r)], Raman spectrum, and pair distribution functions (PDF) were obtained. The XRS results show that the main peak (r = 2.81 Å) of G(r) shifted to the right of the axis (r = 3.15 Å) with increased KCl and decreased K2SO4. The main peak was at r = 3.15 Å when the KCl concentration was 26.00% and the K2SO4 concentration was 0.00%. It is speculated that this pheno

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18

Zhao, Xin Yi, Yu Feng Peng, Cong Cong Zhai, Xue Yun Han, and Yi Zhang. "Influence of Inorganic Salts on the Refraction Index of Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.118.

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The refractive index of double-distilled water and inorganic salt solutions of concentrations varying from 0.4 to 100 ppt (‰) have been measured at 20 Celsius degrees using Abbe refractometer, respectively. The inorganic salts such as NaCl, MgSO4, KCl and MgCl2,these forming the major constituents of seawater are used as solutes of the water solution. The effect of the concentration of these constituents on the refractive index of the solution is experimentally investigated. And meanwhile, the index of refraction studies are carried out for the laser wavelength of 405nm, 450nm, 532nm and 633nm

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19

Ribeiro, Bruno N., Anderson P. Coelho, Juscelio R. de Souza, Luciano de Gissi, and Leandro B. Lemos. "Leaching and availability of potassium in soil affected by conventional and coated fertilizer sources." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 26, no. 12 (2022): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n12p924-929.

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ABSTRACT The use of coated fertilizers is a strategy for improving fertilization efficiency and crop yield. However, further studies are needed to understand the dynamics of different types of coated K fertilizers in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate K dynamics in soil columns after the application of conventional KCl and other K sources with coating (KCl-C) and compaction (KCl-CC) combined with the use of additives and polymers. The experiment comprised four treatments, consisting of three sources of K [conventional KCl, KCl coated with additives and polymers (KCl-C), and

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20

Dragojlović, Danka, Ljiljana Popović, Jelena Čakarević, et al. "Determination of protein oxidation in aquaculture feed." Food and Feed Research 48, no. 2 (2021): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ffr48-34712.

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This research aimed to develop a reliable, easy-to-perform and cheap method for measuring protein oxidation in complex samples such as aquaculture feed within various protein sources. For that purpose modified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-based method for quantification of protein carbonyls was employed whilst the modification of the method consisted of using different solutions for the extraction (distilled water and different concentrations of KCl and NaCl solutions), time of protein extraction (after homogenization and over the night) and concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10 and 2

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21

Al-Nuaimi, Amenah S., and Kamal S. Pak. "Chromium (VI) Removal from Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Process Using Taguchi Method: Batch Experiments." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, no. 4 (2016): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.4.9.

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Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical method for treatment of different types of wastewater whereby sacrificial anodes corrode to release active coagulant (usually aluminium or iron cations) into solution, while simultaneous evolution of hydrogen at the cathode allows for pollutant removal by flotation or settling. The Taguchi method was applied as an experimental design and to determine the best conditions for chromium (VI) removal from wastewater. Various parameters in a batch stirred tank by iron metal electrodes: pH, initial chromium concentration, current density, distance between elec

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22

Sinek, Aleksander, Maria Kupczak, Anna Mielańczyk, et al. "Temperature and pH-Dependent Response of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Methyl Acrylate) in Highly Concentrated Potassium Chloride Aqueous Solutions." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020486.

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In this study, the phase transition phenomena of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and linear or star-shaped poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AA-co-MA)) in highly concentrated KCl solutions were investigated. The effects of polymer molecular weight, topology, and composition on their phase transition behavior in solution were investigated. The cloud point temperature (TCP) of polymers drastically increased as the KCl concentration (CKCl) and solution pH increased. CKCl strongly influenced the temperature range at which the phase transition of PAA occurred: CKCl of 1.0–2.2 M allowed the p

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23

Silviana, Silviana, and Puji Rahayu. "PENAMBAHAN POTASSIUM CHLORIDE PADA BIOPLASTIK PATI SAGU DENGAN BERPENGUAT MIKROFIBRIL SELULOSA BAMBU BERBANTUKAN SONIKASI." Reaktor 17, no. 3 (2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.17.3.152-158.

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Sago starch based bioplastics as food packaging have drawbacks such as soft, and easily broken. This paper explains improvement of sago starch-based bioplastics reinforced with bamboo microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Furthermore, this paper investigates effect of dispersing agent on mechanical property by using of potassium chloride (KCl) assisted by ultrasonic homogenizer. Variable used experiments were bamboo MFC concentration of 1%; 3% and 5% w/w and KCl concentration of 1%; 2% dan 3% w/v. Sago starch-based solution was prepared from 4% w/v of commercial sago starch. The mixed solution was

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24

Riya S. Tumram, Urvashi P. Manik, and Paritosh L. Mishra. "Analysis of thermo-acoustic parameters in view to obtain the interaction between acetamide in some salt solutions at different temperature." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 2 (2024): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2024.10.2.0054.

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The ultrasonic velocity and density have been calculated for acetamide in the solution NaCl and KCl at different temperatures (viz. 283, 288,293,298K) for various concentrations from 0.02-0.2mol/kg thermodynamic and sound parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, relative association, internal pressure, available volume, specific heat ration, relaxation strength, isothermal compressibility, molecular radius, surface tension, enthalpy, Rao’s constant, Wada’s constant, free length, have been gained from research examination for the (Acetamide +H2O/NaCl/KCl). To investigat

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25

Yang, Weichen, Zheng Tong, Hezhan Wan, Shuangyin Jiang, Xiangning Bu, and Lisha Dong. "Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on the Discharge for Better Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries." Batteries 11, no. 2 (2025): 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11020056.

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Discharge treatment is a vital process in the pretreatment of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This paper focuses on the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the discharge of spent LIBs from the perspective of electrolyte concentration and ultrasonic power. By integrating characterizations such as pH measurement and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the discharge of spent LIBs is evaluated. Experimental results show that sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and potassium chloride (KCl) solution have a more significant and better discharge efficiency (DE) under u

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26

Sandriani, Ni Wayan Eri, Ni Nyoman Rupiasih, and Made Sumadiyasa. "The Conductance and Swelling of Composite Membrane ‘Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles’ in Monovalent Salt Solution ‘KCl and NaCl’." BULETIN FISIKA 20, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2019.v20.i02.p01.

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A research about to determine the conductance and water absorption capacity (swelling) of the composite membrane has been conducted. The membrane used was a membrane made of chitosan matrix, silver nanoparticle(AgNP) of 100 µg as a filler and acetic acid 1% as a solvent, which named chitosan composite membrane (Ch-AgNP). A 2% chitosan membrane (membrane Ch) used as a comparison. The membrane conductance value determined by measuring the membrane voltage (V) as a function of current (I) in monovalent salt solutions of NaCl and KCl with a concentration of 0.025 M. The swelling tests have been ca

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27

Sinard, J. H., and T. D. Pollard. "The effect of heavy chain phosphorylation and solution conditions on the assembly of Acanthamoeba myosin-II." Journal of Cell Biology 109, no. 4 (1989): 1529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.4.1529.

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At low ionic strength, Acanthamoeba myosin-II polymerizes into bipolar minifilaments, consisting of eight molecules, that scatter about three times as much light as monomers. With this light scattering assay, we show that the critical concentration for assembly in 50-mM KCl is less than 5 nM. Phosphorylation of the myosin heavy chain over the range of 0.7 to 3.7 P per molecule has no effect on its KCl dependent assembly properties: the structure of the filaments, the extent of assembly, and the critical concentration for assembly are the same. Sucrose at a concentration above a few percent inh

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Freestone, John F., Gary P. Carlson, Doris R. Harrold, and Gabie Church. "Furosemide and sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalosis in the horse and response to oral KCl or NaCl therapy." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 8 (1989): 1334–39. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.08.1334.

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SUMMARY Metabolic alkalosis was induced in 10 clinically normal horses by administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg of body weight, im) followed 4.5 hours later by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3; 500 g in 8 L water) via nasogastric tube. Furosemide diuresis resulted in a mean weight loss of 21.1 kg, which was associated with small, but significant, increases in venous blood pH, bicarbonate, and plasma protein concentrations (P < 0.001), while plasma potassium, chloride, and calcium concentrations declined significantly (P < 0.001). Oral administration of the hypertonic NaHCO3 solution resulted i

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Zhou, Jianmei. "Experimental study on preparation of α-hemihydrous gypsum by modification of desulfurized gypsum". Advances in Engineering Technology Research 8, № 1 (2023): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.8.1.259.2023.

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In the process of preparing α-hemihydrous gypsum from desulfurized gypsum under atmospheric pressure, the optimum conditions of crystallization transformation and modification of desulfurized gypsum were studied. The effects of the type and concentration of composite salts (CaCl2, KCl, MgCl2 mixed solution) on the crystallization and modification of desulfurized gypsum were studied. The results were further verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC/TGA), so as to determine the ideal directional crystallization control index. The experimental resu

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30

Hu, Qi, Yuanlai Xu, Xiangyi Deng, et al. "Effect of Potassium Salt on Swelling of Halloysite Clay Mineral during Leaching Process of Ionic Rare Earth Ore." Minerals 13, no. 7 (2023): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070906.

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Currently, the primary method for leaching rare earth ores is through in situ leaching. This approach involves contact between clay minerals and liquids, which can lead to the potential swelling of clay minerals with water, triggering natural disasters such as landslides. The main purpose of this study is to select the suitable anti-swelling solution for Hunan Jianghua ionic rare earth ore. According to the ore composition analysis, 88 wt% of Hunan Jianghua ionic rare earth ore is composed of halloysite clay mineral. Therefore, halloysite clay mineral is used to investigate its anti-swelling b

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Lee, Ye-Eun, Jun-Ho Jo, I.-Tae Kim, and Yeong-Seok Yoo. "Influence of NaCl Concentration on Food-Waste Biochar Structure and Templating Effects." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092341.

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Food-waste-derived biochar structures obtained through pyrolysis and with different NaCl concentrations were investigated. Increased NaCl concentration in the samples inhibited cellulose and lignin decomposition, ultimately increasing the biochar yield by 2.7% for 20%-NaCl concentration. NaCl added in solution state exhibited templating effects, with maximum increases in the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume of 1.23 to 3.50 m2∙g−1 and 0.002 to 0.007 cm3∙g−1, respectively, after washing. Adding a high concentration (20%) of NaCl reduced the BET surface area. In contrast,

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Etim, Effiong Ukorebi. "Enhancement of tartaric acid modified washing solutions for lead decontamination of tropical soils." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 31, no. 1 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2020-0006.

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AbstractTartaric acid is generally not an effective soil washing solution, hence this study focuses on enhancing its usage for soil-Pb decontamination. Three tropical soil types (sandy, clay and loamy) with different lead concentrations were subjected to single batch washing using 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M tartaric acid with 5% and 10% KCl modification at 3% soil-pulp-density for 2, 6, 12 and 24 h washing time. The optimum washing conditions were 1 M tartaric acid at 24 h washing time, with Pb removal efficiency: sandy- 94.3%, clay-67.6% and loamy-36.8%. Modification of tartaric acid with 5% and

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Bouguerra, Sabah, Hamed Bahri, and Pierre Letellier. "Volumes molaires partiels de composés tensioactifs dans les milieux salins concentrés eau–KCl." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 9 (1985): 2476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-410.

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Apparent molar volumes of 4 cationic detergents CH3(CH2)nN(CH3)3Br (n = 9, 11, 13, and 15) have been determined in water – potassium chloride mixtures at 298 K over a wide range of concentrations (from 0.5 to 3.5 mol L−1). The small dependence of values of apparent molar volume of micellized detergent on the salt concentration suggests the interactions between amphiphiles themselves and between amphiphiles and their surroundings are not modified by the variation of KCl concentration. Previous results lead to estimates of intrinsic volumes of micellized detergents and consequently actual volume

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Sadraei, Hassan, Seyed Ebrahim Sajjadi, and Arefe Tarafdar. "Antispasmodic effect of hydroalcoholic and flavonoids extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi on rabbit bladder." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 9, no. 2 (2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2020.19.

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Introduction: Dracocephalum kotschyi extract has antispasmodic activities on smooth muscle including ileum, uterus and trachea. The objective of this research was to investigate antispasmodic activity of hydroalcoholic and flavonoids extracts of D. kotschyi on rabbit bladder contractions. Methods: Rabbits were euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and the whole bladder was dissected out and immersed in the Tyrode’s solution. Longitudinal bladder strips were mounted vertically in an organ bath at 37°C and gassed continuously with O2 . Bladder strips were contracted with acetylcholine (ACh),

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Liefering, RE, and CDA Mclay. "Effects of high pH solutions with large monovalent cation concentrations on cation exchange properties." Soil Research 34, no. 2 (1996): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960229.

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Disposal of strongly alkaline industrial liquid wastes, which contain large monovalent cation concentrations, by means of land treatment systems is becoming increasingly common. This study investigated the effects of solutions with large monovalent cation concentrations and high pH on cation exchange properties in four New Zealand soils with different clay mineralogies. The soils were shaken with a range of concentrations (0–0.3 M) of NaOH, KOH, NaCl, and KCl. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) were measured following shaking and washing procedure

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Yasuda, Katsuhiko, Aya Yoshida, and Hidetaka Okada. "Conflicting Nongenomic Effects of Progesterone in the Myometrium of Pregnant Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042154.

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Recently, it has been suggested that progesterone affects the contractile activity of pregnant myometrium via nongenomic pathways; therefore, we aimed to clarify whether progesterone causes and/or inhibits pregnant myometrial contractions via nongenomic pathways. Our in vitro experiments using myometrial strips obtained from rats at 20 days of gestation revealed that progesterone caused myometrial contractions in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at concentrations up to 5 × 10−7 M; however, this effect decreased at concentrations higher than 5 × 10−5 M. Similarly, progesterone enhance

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37

Cui, Yi Shun, Kang Quan Qiao, and Bin Huang. "Synergistic Inhibition of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate on Carbon Steel in KCl Media." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.731.

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The Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition of of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate for Mild Steel in 5 % Kcl Solution at 25 °C was Investigated Using the Conventional Weight Loss Measurement Method and Potentiodynamic Polarization Method. the Obtained Results Show that Carbon Steel can be more Efficiently Protected by the Mixture of Sodium Molybdate and Sodium Silicate than Single Sodium Molybdate or Single Sodium Silicate in 5 % Kcl Solution at 25 °C. Tough the Concentrations of Single Sodium Molybdate or Single Sodium Silicate Reaches up to 1000mg/L, but their Inhibition Efficiencies are both u

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Arancibia-Bravo, María P., Alejandro López-Valdivieso, Luís F. Flores, and Luís A. Cisternas. "Effects of Potassium Propyl Xanthate Collector and Sodium Sulfite Depressant on the Floatability of Chalcopyrite in Seawater and KCl Solutions." Minerals 10, no. 11 (2020): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110991.

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This study demonstrates the effects of a potassium propyl xanthate (PPX) collector and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) depressant on pure chalcopyrite in synthetic seawater (SSW) and potassium chloride (KCl) solutions. SSW solutions with 35 g/L of salt and 0.01-M KCl were used for microflotation and zeta potential tests. Particles sized between 200# and 100# (75–150 µm) were used, and the pH was between 8.0 and 8.5. The surface of the mineral and its interaction with the collector were characterized using Raman spectrometry. The zeta potential of the chalcopyrite was measured in KCl solution at a pH r

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Song, Yaqi, Dianming Wu, Peter Dörsch, et al. "Improved Method for Extracting Nitrites in Soil." Agronomy 14, no. 2 (2024): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020331.

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Soil nitrite (NO2−) is an important reactive intermediate in many nitrogen transformation processes, but it is unstable under acidic conditions and may be lost as gaseous N. The canonical extraction method of soil NO2− using a potassium chloride (KCl) solution greatly underestimates its concentration. To reflect the concentration more accurately, we optimized the extraction method of soil NO2− for three agricultural soils differing in soil texture and pH, an alkalic fluvo-aquic soil and acidic Mollisol and Ultisol soils, respectively. Both extractable soil ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) we

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Ortega, Francisco, and Elvira Rodenas. "Counterion micellar effects upon the reaction of low-spin diimine iron(II) complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 2 (1989): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-050.

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The rate of reaction of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) ion (1a), tris(3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) ion (1b), and tris(4,7-diphenhyl-1, 10-phenanthroline)iron(II) ion (1c) with hydroxide ion, in cationic micelles, is strongly affected by the concentration of micellar counterion in solution. The reaction of la in CTACl is modestly speeded up by the addition of added KCl, while the reactions of 1b and 1c are strongly inhibited by the addition of large amounts of KCl and KBr to micellar solutions of CTACl and CTABr, respectively. These rate effects fit the pseudophase-ion ex

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Miyazawa, Mário, Marcos A. Pavan, Cláudio O. Ziglio, and Júlio C. Franchini. "Reduction of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in soil with increasing pH." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44, no. 2 (2001): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132001000200007.

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A laboratory study was conducted with soil samples and synthetic solutions to investigate possible mechanisms related with reduction in KCl exchangeable Ca and Mg with increasing pH. Increasing soil pH over 5.3 with CaCO3 added to the soil and with NaOH solution added to soil/KCl suspension increased adsorptions of Ca and Mg. The reduction of Mg was greater than Ca and was related to the concentration of soil exchangeable Al. The decreases of soluble Ca and Mg following addition of Al in synthetic solution were at pH > 7.5. The isomorphic coprecipitation reaction with Al compounds may be th

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Fridrichová, Marcela, Iveta Hájková, and Karel Dvořák. "Production of Alpha Plaster Modification by Pressureless Method." Advanced Materials Research 1100 (April 2015): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1100.64.

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The goal of researching works was production of alpha hemihydrate of calcium sulphate by pressureless dehydration method in different solution of chloride salts at same molal concentration. Production was done in innovated dehydration device and main watched parameter was influence of dehydrating solutions based on KCl, NaCl and CaCl2 on properties of produced alpha plaster.

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Kamakura, Takefumi, Tadashi Kitahara, Makoto Kondo, et al. "Rat Model of Ménière’s Attack: Intratympanic Injection of Potassium Chloride Produces Direction-Changing Spontaneous Nystagmus and Hearing Fluctuations." Audiology and Neurotology 24, no. 5 (2019): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502275.

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The major symptoms of Ménière’s disease are episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus. Direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus is a characteristic vestibular finding in Ménière’s disease. In the acute stage, spontaneous nystagmus beating to the affected side (irritative nystagmus) is often observed, while paralytic nystagmus beating to the healthy side is found in the chronic stage. This direction-changing nystagmus can be reproduced in guinea pigs by increasing the potassium ion concentration in the perilymph. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of

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Xing, Ronge, Song Liu, Huahua Yu, et al. "Extraction and Separation of Fucoidan fromLaminaria japonicawith Chitosan as Extractant." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/193689.

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Herein the extraction method of fucoidan fromLaminaria japonicais reported. Firstly, chitosan, chitosan-N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HACC), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CPAB) were used to extract the fucoidan. The results showed that chitosan was the optimal extractant compared with the other two extractants. After extraction, different aqueous solutions, including NaCl, KCl, and HCl (pH2), were used to separate fucoidan from chitosan-fucoidan complex. The results showed that the separation ability of NaCl was slightly higher than that of KCl. Moreover, the price o

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Bräuer, Margot, Eva Frei, Lutz Claes, Stephan Grissmer, and Heike Jäger. "Influence of K-Cl cotransporter activity on activation of volume-sensitive Cl– channels in human osteoblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 285, no. 1 (2003): C22—C30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00289.2002.

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The whole cell recording mode of the patch-clamp technique was used to study the effect of hypotonic NaCl or isotonic high-KCl solution on membrane currents in a human osteoblast-like cell line, C1. Both hypotonic NaCl or isotonic high-KCl solution activated Cl– channels expressed in these cells as described previously. The reversal potential of the induced Cl– current is more negative when activated through hypotonic NaCl solution (–47 ± 5 mV; n = 6) compared with activation through isotonic high-KCl solution (–35 ± 3 mV; n = 8). This difference can be explained by an increase in intracellula

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Zekri, Mongi, and Lawrence R. Parsons. "Calcium Influences Growth and Leaf Mineral Concentration of Citrus under Saline Conditions." HortScience 25, no. 7 (1990): 784–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.7.784.

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We determined whether the ability of sour orange seedlings to withstand saline irrigation water could be improved by the addition of calcium to the water. Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings were treated for 4 months with a nutrient solution containing either no NaCl, 40 mm NaCI, or 40 mm NaCl plus various concentrations of CaSO4, CaCl2, or KCl. After 4 months, the NaCl alone reduced root and shoot dry weights by ≈ 30% with no leaf necrosis. Addition of 1, 5, or 7.5 mm CaSO4 to solutions containing 40 mm NaCl significantly inhibited the NaCl-induced reductions in shoot dry weight. Addi

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Auxtero, Edgardo, Manuel Madeira, and David Parker. "Extractable Al and Soil Solution Ionic Concentrations in Strongly Leached Soils from Northwest Iberia: Effects of Liming." ISRN Soil Science 2012 (May 2, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/105127.

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Strongly leached soils occurring in Northwest Iberia contain high concentration of Al which may affect crop growth. Information regarding the extractability of Al and lime required to eliminate toxic Al species in the soil solution is scarce. In this context, the extractability of Al on these soils was determined using 1 M KCl, 0.33 M LaCl3 and 0.5 M CuCl2. The effects of lime on the concentration and activity of Al species in soil solution, using the GEOCHEM program was also evaluated. Extractability of Al was in the order: 1 M KCl < 0.33 M LaCl3 < 0.5 M CuCl2, with ranges from 0.7–3.3,

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Sivakumar, S., S. Rameshkumar, S. Sathishkumar, and A. Sankar. "Interaction of Lorazepam with Planar Bilayer Lipid Membrane and Development of Impedimetric Sensor." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 5 (2019): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21920.

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Artificial planar bilayer phospholipid membrane was formed in KCl bath solutions and its electrical properties have been analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The stability of planar bilayer lipid membrane depends on concentration of KCl in the bath. Changes in the electrical properties of planar bilayer lipid membrane with the addition of lorazepam were also studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Lorazepam gets partitioned into bilayer lipid membrane and exhibited a fluidization effect. The ionic conductance across the bilayer lipid membrane increased with the

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Chen, Dong Yu, and Qing Yu Liu. "Thermogravimetric Analysis of KCl-Pretreated Soybean Stalk." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.118.

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To study the influence of KCl pretreating on the pyrolysis kinetics of soybean stalk, the pyrolysis of soybean stalk pretreated by different concentration KCl solutions were performed by nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at five different heating rates. The Ozawa method was employed to calculate the activation energy. The results showed that the pyrolysis process of the soybean stalk pretreated by 3% and 10% KCl solution can be separated into four stages (water loss, depolymerization and vitrification, thermal decomposition, and carbonization). With the heating rate increasing, th

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AL-Bazali, Talal. "Insight on the inhibitive property of potassium ion on the stability of shale: a diffuse double-layer thickness (κ−1) perspective". Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, № 6 (2021): 2709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01221-2.

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AbstractIt is believed that potassium ions reduce the hydration energy and swelling of clays and thus promoting stability to shales. This belief was made based on volumetric and linear expansion data obtained from shale and KCl solutions interactions. However, swelling data alone is not adequate to mitigate wellbore instability in shale. Such data must be incorporated with mechanical and physicochemical data for complete and accurate wellbore instability analysis.This paper presents clear experimental evidence showing that concentrated potassium chloride solutions tend to suppress shale swelli

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