Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kemisk analys'
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Petersson, Rickard, and Rebecca Nilsson. "Karaktärisering av stålplåt : Metallografi och kemisk analys." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36017.
Full textThe study has been conducted on a number of steel plates from different buildings of cultural and historical value. When old, cultural buildings are to be renovated, it must be done with as much knowledge as possible about the different parts of the building and the values that they represent. The problem that the study has aimed to solve has been an inadequate level of knowledge in regards to historical steel plates. Because of this, the study has been conducted to contribute with knowledge that could be used when old buildings are to be renovated.To achieve the purpose of contributing knowledge to guide renovations of culturally and historically valuable buildings, the goal of the study has been to analyze how the different plates have been made and what the results of those processes were.This has been carried out by conducting a metallography on all of the samples to analyze their microstructures and to gain an understanding of the materials. A chemical analysis has also been conducted on the contents of the materials by using optical emission spectroscopy.The results showed how big of a difference there was between different manufacturing methods and their consequences. By discovering the diversity of the properties of the plates the conclusion has been drawn that there is value in respecting the values of the older materials.By being conscious of how large the difference is between different types of steel sheets, better decisions can be made during choice of steel sheet, and it is more obvious how much history that is stored within the old plates.
Bornholm, Johanna. "Egyptens balsameringsteknik : en kemisk analys av organiska lämningar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-87213.
Full textAxelsson, Patrik. "Analys och underhåll av komponenter i tuff kemisk miljö." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36564.
Full textThe thesis this report refers to has been carried out in one of Volvo Group truck operation’s(GTO) foundries in the engine factory in Skövde. Sandcasting is used to manufacture components for truck engines of cast iron. In the casting process, sandcores are manufactured according to the Epoxy-SO2-process. The sand cores are handled by robots in closed cells. The maintenance department experiences tha tcomponents on the robotic tools that move the cores have a short service life. One theory is that this is due to exposure to SO2. According to research, certain materials exposed to SO2 can corrode or become brittle. The corrosion process for metals can increase if SO2 react with water and oxygen to form sulfurous acid (H2SO3) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In order for thischemical process to begin, a relative humidity of at least 60% is required. Polymers such as plastic and rubber may swell, dissolve or become brittle upon exposed to SO2, H2SO3 or H2SO4. The final goal with this thesis is to define suitable components for the maintenance department that will be used in the renovation of the robotic tools. Before this can be done the tools need to be broken down to component level and be registered in a maintenance system. Furthermore, measurements of concentration of sulfur dioxide, humidity and temperature will be performed in the robotic cells. The results from the measurements are used as a basis for finding out if there are similar components that can withstand the environment better. When the tools are finally renovated, hopefully the unplanned stops will decrease. If the unplanned stops decrease, the maintenance costs associated with the robotic cells will also decrease. According to the measurements, the humidity was not high enough for the components in the robotic cells to risk corroding due to exposure to SO2. However, many pneumatic components are partly made of plastic that does not tolerate SO2. Many of these components are available as alternatives made of, for example, nickel-plated brass or stainless steel that can withstand the gas. The thesis has provided answers to the issues and led to concrete improvements. It has also created new ideas for continued improvement work.
Waldebäck, Monica. "Pressurized fluid extraction : a sustainable technique with added values /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6022.
Full textLindmark, Oskar. "Multipla representationer inom kemisk bindning - en analys av läroböcker och ämnesrelaterade videor." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175986.
Full textEkstrand, Charlotte, and Camilla Hamberg. "Fosforsorptionskapaciteten i djupa jordlager : En kemisk analys av fosforadsorption i svenska grus- och sandjordar." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254165.
Full textThe eutrophication of our seas, lakes, and rivers is one of today's biggest threats to the aquatic environment. To counteract this, more knowledge concerning the behavior of phosphorus in soils and, more specifically, the efficiency of phosphate removal in sand and gravel soils is, greatly needed. This is particularly the case as most private wastewater systems (a considerable source of phosphorus leakage in Sweden) are based on infiltration beds consisting of sand and/or gravel soils. The objective of this research has been to determine the phosphorus sorption capacity of different sand or gravel-based soils. The study has been carried out using batch experiments and tools such as MS Excel and Visual MINTEQ, and the results were modeled according to the Freundlich equation. Chemical analysis equipment such as an ICP and AutoAnalyzer were also used to determine element concentrations in the soil samples. The results show that there is a positive linear logarithmic relationship between the amount of sorbed P and the amount of added P to the sample. It was concluded that the analyzed soils on average bound 0.56 mmol P per kg soil, or alternatively, 26.01 g P per m3 soil. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of sorbed P correlated linearly with the amount of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe in the soil sample. For most of the samples with a pH exceeding 8, precipitation of calcium-phosphates appeared to increase the amount of sorbed P. Since most Swedish mineral soils with a low organic content have a pH of 5.2-5.4, it can be argued that Al- and Fe-(hydr)oxides play a larger role in the adsorption of phosphorus than precipitation of calcium-phosphates. Further testing should be carried out to determine the pH-dependency, influence of soil depth, and influence of organic compounds on the phosphorus sorption capacity in sand- and gravel soils.
Biström, Freij Felicia. "De levandes gåvor och de dödas efterlämningar : -En kemisk analys på harts och ökendadel (Balanites aegyptiaca) från två egyptiska kärl." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100139.
Full textSvedin, Evelina. "Utveckling av kursmoment för kemiundervisning : En undersökning av gymnasieelevers kunskapsutveckling i samband med lärandeaktiviteter rörande kemisk analys och hållbar utveckling." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263938.
Full textIn this research, the knowledge development of a group of high school students during a course component was studied. The course component, which consisted of four separate parts, was developed for this investigation. The students who participated in the investigation are all in year one in high school, and study at the Science programme. The course component was included in their chemistry course. The course component was developed to increase the students’ knowledge within selected topics from the curriculum, however, also to offer the postulation to develop Scientific Literacy, as well as to increase their ability to discuss societal issues while including a scientific perspective. To be able to carry out the investigation, two different data selections were accomplished. One where the students responded to a survey, where they had to reflect upon their own knowledge development, and another, where their subject knowledge was examined during the assessment of an assignment that they had to carry out as the last part of the course component. The instructions for the assignment was to first describe different analytical tools used in chemistry, and secondly, to narrate different solutions on how to deal with environmental issues, using a perspective of sustainable development. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the course component provided the students the opportunity to increase their knowledge and their strengthen abilities within the requested subject areas. However, it also emerged from the study that, if the different parts om the course component were to be adjusted, the result might have been more successful and the correlation between the course component and the main purposes for it to be carried out might had been stronger. The didactical process that has been carried out during this work has also been analysed. Hence, suggestions about how to reflect upon time requirements and work organisation if one, as a teacher, wishes to either implement this course component in their own tutoring, or do something similar, is presented in the end of this report.
Wallin, Erik Johnny. "Pärlorna på Gudings slott." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169525.
Full textNguyen, Kim, and Ida Enström. "Möjlighet för lokal regenerering av granulerat aktivt kol : Analys av regenereringsmetoder." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-102281.
Full textSvedberg, Malin. "Microstructures for Chemical Analysis : Design, Fabrication and Characterisation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4792.
Full textJohannesson, Marlene. "Analys av ett urval skånska sjöars limnologiska tillstånd : En studie om kemiska och fysikaliska parametrars samvariation med växtplankton." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22270.
Full textSwedish lakes’ trophy status is divided into oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic, and hypertrophic. Acidification and eutrophication are common, due to either natural or anthropogenic causes. The purpose of the study was to investigate how plankton (biodensity) covaries with chemical and physical parameters (pH, conductivity, watercolor, turbidity, visibility depth, Tot-N and Tot-P) in 20 lakes in Skåne, and how the biodensity differs between trophy levels. The purpose was also to assess the lake conditions based on the previously mentioned parameters, previous environmental monitoring, and assessment criteria. The study included fieldwork where water samples were collected, and water analyzes of visibility depth, pH and conductivity were performed. In the lab, plankton was analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy,and watercolor, turbidity, Tot-N and Tot-P by water analyses. A database was used to assess the lakes’ trophy status and as a control when analyzing the biodensity between the trophy statuses. Statistical analyzes were performed to analyze data. 71,1% of the biodensity’s variation was explained by watercolor and Tot-P. Multicollinearity may have contributed to an incorrectly insignificant correlation between biodensity, turbidity and Tot-N. The biodensity did not differ between the trophy statuses, which mightdepend on the sample size. The previous assessment criteria and the new ones of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) differed for some parameters. A recommendation is to study lakes in Skåne with the WFD’s assessment criteria to maintain a good environmental monitoring and to achieve the environmental goals, and to add conductivity and reintroduce turbidity and watercolor into the assessment criteria.
Saba, Elias. "Detection and Quantification of PCB insoil using GC/MS : - method development and education for users." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-126489.
Full textSyftet med denna uppsats är att dokumentera utvecklingen av en metod fördetektion och kvantifiering av polyklorerade bifenyler (PCB) i jord med hjälp avgaskromatografi (GC) ansluten till en masspektrometer (MS) och med användningav en intern standard (CB189). Metoden som utvecklats skapades med hjälp avuppgifter från det svenska naturvårdsverket (SNV) angående PCB-gränser för känsligmarkanvändning. Därefter skapades en användarmanual som beskriver stegen imetoden och även underhåll av GC/MS. Personalen på LjungaLab AB undervisadesi hur man använder och underhåller instrumenten för att, åtminstone, kunna köraoberoende analyser, och i bästa fall, utveckla nya metoder och tillämpningarsjälvständigt. Det sistnämda är ett försök till transformativ lärande. En utvärdering avlärarinsatser sker också för att bedöma vilken grad av lärande som uppnås.
Bergman, Karin, Linn Berkelund, Maria Nylander, Malin Olsson, and Terese Renström. "HYDROGEOLOGISKA FÖRHÅLLANDEN I GÄVLEÅSEN : Analys av stabila syreisotoper och kemiska parametrar samt beräkning av flöden i Gävleåsen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295020.
Full textPettersson, Anna. "Molbegreppet i kemiläroböcker. En analys av två läroböcker i kemi." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28064.
Full textBitar, Petra. "En undersökning av Rönningesjöns miljötillstånd, särskilt när det gäller näringsämnen." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240559.
Full textRönningesjön is a 4.5-meter-deep lake situated in a geological default, 25 km north of Stockholm in Täby municipality. It is strongly impacted by roads and the local societies Löttingelund and Gribbylund. To the east of Rönningesjön, a large forested recreation area is found, with the name Skavlöten. The goal of this work is to investigate the impact of nutrients on the lake in 2018. The field work was performed in april 2018. Samples were taken in creeks an in rivers running into the lake, the outlet and in the lake itself. The analyses of the samples were made in a laboratory at The department of Chemistry, KTH. In the northern part of the lake, floating wetlands have been installed to improve the water quality. A stream of water is running through the lake from north to south, and finally, out to Hägernäsviken, a part of the Baltic Sea. The water is divided into an upper part (the epilimnion) above 2.5 m depth and a lower part, below 2.5 m depth (hypolimnion). The lake is strongly eutrophiated and the constructed wetland leaks nutrients into the lake. The cleaning of the storm water should be improved.
Karlsson, Marie-Louise, and Jessica Westerlund. "Miljö- och hälsoskadliga kemiska substanser i textila flöden : En undersökning om analys med portabelt mätinstrument kan tillämpas för sortering vid textil återvinning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12372.
Full textNilsson, Alexandra. "Analys av nationella provs påverkan på slutbetyget : Exemplet kemi för årskurs 9." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45593.
Full textPobric, Dzenana. "DNA-analys och idemtifikation : En studie om olika metoder för DNA-analys som används för identifikation av mänskliga skelettdelar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37121.
Full textTangvald, Mårten. "Analys av kemiläroböckers övningsuppgifter i stökiometri." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121966.
Full textKempis, Pia Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Willbold, and Kurt [Akademischer Betreuer] Gottmann. "Analyse des Amyloid-Beta Peptids mit superauflösender optischer Mikroskopie / Pia Kempis. Gutachter: Kurt Gottmann. Betreuer: Dieter Willbold." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042751595/34.
Full textKempis, Pia [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Willbold, and Kurt [Akademischer Betreuer] Gottmann. "Analyse des Amyloid-Beta Peptids mit superauflösender optischer Mikroskopie / Pia Kempis. Gutachter: Kurt Gottmann. Betreuer: Dieter Willbold." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042751595/34.
Full textEngstrand, Sebastian, and Henrik Hanberg. "Stöd i laborativt arbete : En analys av ett par lärarhandledningar inom fysik och kemi." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40133.
Full textJohansson, Alexandra. "Pedagogisk kartläggning av introduktionsutbildning för nyanställda operatörer : Analys av kunskapsnivå inom kemi i produktutbildning." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297457.
Full textCompanies with an extensive production rate demand a certain quality of their product, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Mistakes can lead to an entire batch being wasted which is affected by the employees' skills. New employees' introduction to work is therefore an important factor in minimizing losses. This study is divided into two parts. The purpose of the study is to analyze training for newly hired operators within AstraZeneca Sweden Operations, which is carried out in two sub-studies with different perspectives. Based on the analyzes, suggestions for improvement are given to the educations. The first part of the study focuses on a recently processed introductory education from a pedagogical perspective with theories of effective learning and curriculum theory. An overview is obtained through interviews, observations and documentation. The second sub-study focuses on what prior knowledge in chemistry that operators are expected to have based on the level of knowledge presented in teaching materials. The material is then compared with chemistry at upper secondary school level. Results from the first sub-study show that the introductory training has several factors that contribute to more effective learning, which is also confirmed through interviews with operators and educators. Suggestions for improvement are to implement a document that permeates the education within the entire company and to use a model for effective learning when improving learning activities.The second sub-study shows that the teaching material is at a higher level than what is required as prior knowledge for the position. To minimize the gap, pedagogical tools can be used in teaching when new concepts and processes are introduced. As an example of this, an analogy for the crystallization process of crystallization has been developed.In summary, this work shows that the prepared introductory education is well developed from a perspective of effective learning, while the more detailed product lecture needs more pedagogical methods to meet the operators at their existing level of knowledge.
Åkesson, Karin. "Analys av tanniner : från granbarksextrakt." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51726.
Full textThe objective for this master’s thesis was to test and evaluate two methods for determining the content of tannin in a pinebarkextract. The methods used at Södra for this previously have not been specific enough, only the amount of polyphenolics have been measured. One of these methods is a test based on the Stiasny test and it determines the extracts ability to form a gel with formaldehyde. When this test was carried out it showed that the extract did not contain much tannin. The other method used at Södra measures the amount of polyphenolic substances with a spectrophotometer. The result from this method showed that the content were 50 %.
One of the two new methods that were evaluated determines the amount tannin present in the extract because of tannins ability to form a complex with proteins. According to this method, the amount tannin in the extract were 42,5 %, and 19,4 % of this in the form of tannic acid. These results are credible on basis of previous information about the extract.
The other method uses a RP- HPLC where ellagic and gallic acid were used as standards. The amount ellagic acid in the extract was determined to 0,06 %, but the result from gallic acid was inconclusive. Further analysis is necessary to evaluate the obtained results and the methods reliability.
If the metods is to be used on a regular basis, my recommendation would be to start evaluating the protein-binding method because this would be easier and less time-consuming than modifying the HPLC- method. The HPLC- method could on the other hand provide useful information about the extract, not only the amount tannin could be measured, but also which kind of tannin could be investigated.
Hagman, Jon. "Arbetssätts påverkan för elevers intresse för kemi : Analys av en enkätstudie från elever i årskurs 9." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27263.
Full textEhlin, Sarah. "Hur påverkar lösligt β-glukan GI-värdet? : Analys av vetebaserat bröd." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98169.
Full textLindström, Björn. "Analys av Nedbrytningsprodukter av Polymerer för Bitumenändamål." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9832.
Full textThis project was aimed to study the degradation of polystyrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS). SBS is used to modify bitumen, the binder in asphalt. From earlier studies it is known that SBS degrades in bitumen, but the degradation products have not been identified. To be able to determine the long term effects of SBS in the environment, degradation products need to be identified. Polystyrene forms rigid blocks with polybutadiene as a rubbery matrix between the ridgid blocks. When blended in bitumen, the polystyrene blocks are crosslinked to form a three dimensional network. SBS is an elastomer and has the ability to regain its shape after being a subject of mechanical force. According to the pre references the polymers had to be degraded in similar ways as they would in bitumen. Since bitumen is a very complex matrix with high boiling point and viscosity, there would be difficulties separating polymers from the bitumen. We made an assumption that it would be plausible for the degradation products formed in bitumen to form even with no bitumen present. Four different SBS polymers were used. One of the polymers was branched. Another had a high content of 1-2 polybutadiene. The third was a diblock copolymer (SB) with low styrene content compared to the others. The last was a linear SBS. The polymers were degraded in pieces of apparatus used for study ageing characteristics of bitumen as well as they were aged by refluxing in hexane. The degradation products were extracted by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and identified by GC-MS. Due to instrumental limits there were not many degradation products identified. The main products detected included saturated hydrocarbons in the range of 16-31 carbon atoms as well as squalene.
I det här projektet studerades nedbrytning av styren-butadien-styren block kopolymerer (SBS). SBS används för att modifiera bitumen vars användningsområde är som bindemedel i asfalt. Tidigare studier har visat att SBS bryts ned i bitumen, men nedbrytningsprodukterna har inte identfierats. För att kunna avgöra vad SBS har för långsiktiga effekter på miljön måste nedbrytnignsprodukterna identifieras. I SBS bildar polystyren styva block medan polybutadien fungerar som flexibla bryggor mellan polystyrenblocken. När SBS blandas med bitumen korslänkas polystyrenblocken så att ett tredimensionellt nätverk bildas. Eftersom SBS är en elastomer har den förmågan att återfå sin ursprungliga form efter att ha blivit utsatt för mekanisk stress. Enligt de givna förutsättningarna för studien skulle polymererna brytas ned på samma sätt som om de skulle ha varit lösta i bitumen. Eftersom bitumen är en komplex matris med hög kokpunkt och viskositet skulle det varit svårt att separera polymererna och deras nedbrytningsprodukter från bitumenet. Vi gjorde ett antagande om att det förmodligen bildas samma nedbrytningsprodukter som om bitumen varit närvarande även om nedbrytningen sker utan bitumen närvarande. Fyra olika SBS polymerer användes. En av polymererna var grenad. En annan hade en stor andel 1,2-polybutadien. Den tredje var en diblock kopolymer (SB) med lågt styren innehåll jämfört med de andra. Den sista polymeren var linjär. Polymererna åldrades i apparatur framtagen för att studera åldring av bitumen. Polymererna åldrades även genom att återloppskokas i hexan. Nedbrytningsprodukterna extraherades via fastfasextraktion (SPE) och identifierades med GC-MS. Genom instrumentella begränsningar kunde bara ett fåtal nedbrytningsprodukter identifieras. Bland de produkter som identifierades fanns alkaner och alkener med mellan 16 och 31 kolatomer, men även skvalen identifierades som nedbrytningsprodukt. Lågmolekylära ämnen kan ha ventilerats bort för att vi inte hade tillgång till apparatur för adsorbtion av flyktiga ämnen för injektion i GC-MS.
Wettergren, Leila. "Kan läroböcker i kemi för åk 7-9 leda till missuppfattningar? : En analys av ämnesområdena växthuseffekt, ozonlager samt fotosyntes och respiration i fem läroböcker i kemi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380147.
Full textGustavsson, Jenny. "Metodutveckling för analys av klorfenoler i jord samt analys av förorenad jord från ett sågverk." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10047.
Full textIn this final thesis, an existing method for analysis of chlorophenols (CP) in bottom sediments has been updated and adjusted for analysis of chlorophenols in soil. The covalent bonds between the chlorophenols and the soil matrix were broken through basic hydrolysis and the chlorophenols were then separated from the water phase through addition of sulphuric acid followed by ether extraction. The chromatography was improved through extractive acetylation of the chlorophenols.
The updated method was then applied on soil samples from a contaminated area (a former sawmill in Hyttsjö, Östergötland, Sweden).
The analyse was preformed by GC/MS with respect to 2-MonoCP, 4-MonoCP, 2,4-DiCP, 2,6-DiCP, 2,4,6-TriCP, 2,3,4,6-TetraCP and pentachlorophenol (PCP).
Contamination of chlorophenols in nature can be explained by the former use of wood preservative chemicals based on chlorophenols. In the 1960s and the 1970s these chemicals were used in Sweden, but due to their toxicity they were banned by the Swedish government in 1978.
In Hyttsjö a pentachlorophenol-based product named Santobrite was used for several years. The concentration of PCP in the soil samples from Hyttsjö varied from 0.2->1.8 ng/mg dry substance. 2,3,4,6- Tetrachlorophenol was also detected in some of the soil samples.
Unnestam, Evelina, and Emma Andersson. "Hur kan intresse utvecklas för fysik och kemi i grundskolans tidigare år : - En analys av tidigare forskning." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26057.
Full textThe latest PISA study from 2012 tested students´ skills in math, reading and science. The study was focused on fifteen year olds worldwide. Sweden was the country that impaired their results most of all the participating countries in all areas. This suggests that something needs to be done. We have studied how to intrigue interest in the subject’s physics and chemistry in school. Our method is a case study where we collected and critically reviewed previous research to answer our research questions. Our questions are Can teachers with a different content and approach create a bigger interest for science and in wich way? and What should the teacher base the education on and in which teaching environments is it easiest to capture the students curiosity about science education? Our result from this study shows that the content of the education must be based on the students´ interest and education must relate to students´ everyday lives to intrigue an interest. It also shows that themes must be worked with in the natural environments which mean that teaching must be moved outside the traditional classroom environment. We recommend that further research creates a concrete material that follows the curriculum and is based on research on how to intrigue interest in science education in primary school.
Haider, Aya. "En undersökning av Storsjön och Lillsjön, särskilt när det gäller näringsämnen." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240561.
Full textIn this thesis the lakes Storsjön and Lillsjön have been examined. They are two lakes situated 35 km north of Stockholm. The goal is to investigate the environmental condition of these lakes. The surrounding area is farming land. Close to the lakes, a wetland with low pH (= 6,7) is found. Alkalinity (HCO3-) passes throw the lakes from the farming land south and east of the lakes. A large amount of phosphorus passes throw the lakes, part of which is stored in the sediments. Dams for sedimentation should be constructed for recovery of nutrients and a zone of vegetation should be constructed for the uptake of nutrients.
Chahrour, Yasmin, and Helen Ishak. "Fyllnadsnivåers påverkan, tidsförlängning innan analys och blodprovers stabilitet." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40070.
Full textBackground: Ionized calcium concentrations decrease when samples are exposed to air. Due to pre-analytical factors, the 4 hour time limit for analysis of standard bicarbonate, can sometimes be exceeded. There is limited documentation about additional analyses on post-analytic decapped serum samples stored at room temperature. Aim: The aim was to examine how lower sample volumes affect the concentration of ionized calcium, if the time limit for analysis of standard bicarbonate on whole blood can be prolonged and how long decapped serum samples can be stored at room temperature for eventual additional analyses. Methods: The concentration of ionized calcium was analyzed on serum samples filled with 1 mL and 2 mL and were compared to maximally filled samples. Refrigerated whole blood samples were analyzed for standard bicarbonate after 4-7 hours. Ten biochemical analytes were measured in decapped serum samples after 2-8 hours of storage at room temperature. The mean percentage deviation was compared to an analytical and biological imprecision limit to determine analyte stability. Results and conclusions: Ionized calcium concentrations in lower sample volumes were reliable. The stability of standard bicarbonate could not be determined, therefore a longer possible time limit could not be recommended. The biochemical analytes were stable for 8 hours.
Sari, Delal. "Igelbäckens miljötillstånd." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240560.
Full textIgelbäcken is a 10 kilometer long watercourse in northwestern Stockholm, starting in Säbysjön,Järfälla and passing Sollentuna, Sundbyberg, Stockholm and Solna where it flows into Edsviken,which is the outlet. The water passes industries, buildings and roads. The aim of this work is toanalyze how Igelbäcken is affected by the surroundings. The work contains a field study andlaboratory work. The results show that the water is contaminated. pH, temperature, conductivity and flow weremeasured in the field and COD, alkalinity, chlorine, total phosphorus, color, odour, suspension ofcolloidal particles and precipitate were analyzed in the laboratory. The result shows some veryhigh values. The conductivity and chloride are high at all places, indicating that the water isaffected by roads. The COD is above the acceptable value except in two places. Alkalinity variesbetween 2 mM and 4 mM except in two places. The phosphorus content is also high. Based on theresults, more efforts are required to make Igelbäcken cleaner.
Olsson, Philip. "Datorbaserad analys av enzymdesign för Diels-Alder reaktioner." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34153.
Full textAndersson, Simon. "Metodutveckling och analys av skumdämpare, ett additiv i vattenburna färgsystem, med vätskekromatografi och masspektrometri." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326267.
Full textBehrouz, Akrami Shahab. "Källor i Haninge ‐ vattenkvalitet och tillgänglighet." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-153483.
Full textThis report about springs in Haninge Municipality, which is located to the south of Stockholm, is a diploma work at KTH. The survey was made in collaboration with Haninge Municipality and Källakademin (Swedish Academy of Springs). The work was carried out by two students, one who specialized in the present condition of the springs (this report) and one who focused on their history and tradition. The primary aim of this research is to give Haninge Municipality and its residents better knowledge of the springs that exist in the municipality, especially with regard to their water quality and location. The municipality strives to inform the public about springs and to provide the springs with signs. The information about the existence of the springs and the locations of them has been obtained from various databases, primarily SGU (Geological Survey of Sweden), the Swedish Forest Agency and the Stockholm county administration and also through private contacts. After the localization of the springs, seven of them were chosen for sampling. The chosen springs were visited and sampled. The water was analyzed with respect to the following parameters: temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), chloride, colour, taste, smell and transparency. The first three of these parameters were determined in the field. In addition to these parameters, the concentration of metal ions and the total phosphorous content were also determined. The metals that were analysed include cadmium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and copper. The results gave the following information: Four springs, Källbacken, Gubbkärret, Mellanbergskällan and Sandemar are suitable for restoration and they have very good water quality from chemical-physical point of view. These four springs have different characteristics and there are minor problems conserning restoration but they, need further sampling and examination. Three springs, Lillsjön, Nytorp and Trefaldighetskällan at Utö have inferior quality and would require greater efforts to restore.
Christensen, Jan H. "Chemometrics as a tool to analyse complex chemical mixtures : environmental forensics and fate of oil spills /." København : National Environmental Research Institute, Ministry of the Environment ; Roskilde University, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1800/1174.
Full textGustafsson, Hannes. "Theoretical Investigation of possible Chemiluminescent Analogs of 1,2-dioxetane." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-347558.
Full textAldabbagh, Zina. "En undersökning av Rönningesjöns miljötillstånd, särskilt när det gäller metaller." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240307.
Full textLake Rönningesjön lies in a geological fault (a crack) and it is affected by the clay in the surrounding fields. The pH-values lie within the interval 7.1–7.7. The lake is also impacted by the roads around the lake. The incoming water contains large amounts of road salt. From the cars also large amounts of metal ions are transported by the incoming storm water. In this project copper, chromium and lead are measured. Most of the metals in the lake pass through the wetland at Löttingelund in one end of the lake and flows through the lake to the outlet, which delivers the metal ions into Hägernäsviken, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. However, a part of the metal ions are precipitated in the lake. The concentrations of metal ions in the lake water are too high. Metal ions are also stored in the sediments. Special dams should be constructed to remove particle bound metals from the storm water, by sedimentation.
Törner, Felix. "Analys av Svartlut med Aktiv Akustisk Spektrometri : Analysis of Black Liquor with Active Acoustic Spectrometry." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69549.
Full textThere is a need for additional process monitoring techniques in the production of chemical pulp. The possibility of analyzing black liquor by active acoustic spectrometry was investigated by constructing an on-line instrument and installing it in a chemical pulp mill. The results were then analyzed with multivariate methods. Due to unforeseen delays a sufficient amount of data could not be collected, and therefore a definitive conclusion could not be reached. Further work is suggested.
Hjalmarson, Inger-Johanne. "Metod för provtagning av svartlut och analys av såpa i svartlut." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157584.
Full textPappersmassaproduktion är komplex, och en rad faktorer kan optimeras. En viktig parameter vid såpavskiljning är innehållet såpa i svartlut eftersom en värdefull produkt, tallolja utvinns av såpa. Projektet syftar till att ta fram en metod för provtagning av svartlut och en metod för att mäta halten såpa i svartluten genom centrifugering. Genom centrifugering kan snabbare analyser göras. Arbetet har utförts på Södra Cell Mönsterås. Arbetet att utveckla en tillfredsställande provtagningsmetod var komplicerad, men med hjälp av noggrann koll på temperatur och tid uppnåddes en metod som fungerade vid temperaturer mellan 90 och 100°C, vilket var de temperaturer som oftast fanns, men som är högre än optimal temperatur för såpavskiljning. Svartluten visade sig vara inhomogen, därför lyckades det inte att få fram en optimal analysmetod inom ramen av detta projekt. I försöket optimerades centrifugens inställningar till 87°C, 2500 rpm (varv per minut) och 10 minuter. Vidare försök skulle kunna ge mer optimala inställningar för centrifugen genom den utvecklade prov, och ett substitut för svartlut skulle kunne göra en validering av centrifugen möjlig.
Persson, Malin. "Språkutvecklande arbetssätt i alla ämnen? : En analys av två läromedel i kemi och historia ur ett andraspråksperspektiv för både lärare och elever." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54090.
Full textPalmblad, Magnus. "Identification and characterization of peptides and proteins using fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5296-5/.
Full textNyberg, Borrfors André. "Energy Decomposition Analysis of Neutral and Anionic Hydrogen Bonded Dimers Using a Point-Charge Approach." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288970.
Full textA large set of dimeric hydrogen bonds of the type A – H … B, where AH is an alkyne, alcohol, or thiol and B = [Br–, Cl–, NH3, HCN] are computed and evaluated using Kohn-Sham density functional theory together with the m062x/6-311+g(2df.2p) basis set. These complexes are also evaluated using a point charge (PC) approach (using the same method and basis set), where the atoms of the hydrogen bond acceptor B are substituted for charges that are optimized to reproduce the charge distribution of the molecule, with the purpose of separating and isolating the electrostatics- and polarization energy components of the interaction energies. Using this approach it was discovered that the complexation energy of hydrogen bonds (i.e.the interaction energy with the energy cost of nuclear deformation corrected for), independent on the nature of either monomer AH or B, are largely made up of electrostatics and polarization, while charge transfer, dispersion, and other rest terms only make up a small fraction of the total interaction. The composition of electrostatics and polarization vary depending on the type of monomers in the hydrogen bond, but their sum, the PC interaction energy, correlates linearly (ΔECompl = 0.85ΔEPC ) with R2 = 0.995 over an energy span of 0 < ΔECompl < 50 kcal mol–1. This is made even more remarkable by the inclusion of halogen bonded complexation energies in the same correlation without changing the correlation coefficient significantly, indicating that the two bond types are comprised of the same components even though they are remarkably different in origin.
Ahmed, Mustafe. "Synthesis of imidazopyridazine analogs aiming to improve antibacterial Gram-negative activity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för läkemedelskemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-449572.
Full textUlrich, Christian. "Electric Fields for Surface Design and Chemical Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tillämpad Fysik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12485.
Full textJansson, Emelie. "Gaskromatografisk metod för analys av GHB i urin." Thesis, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19651.
Full textEn metod för detektering och kvantifiering av gamma-hydroxysmörsyra (GHB) i urin med gaskromatografi (GC) är framtagen på Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset. Metoden är relativt unik då den inte kräver upparbetning i form av derivatisering, indunstning eller extraktion. Urinen surgörs med koncentrerad saltsyra och internstandard, gamma-valerolakton, tillsätts. GHB övergår då till laktonformen, gamma-butyrolakton (GBL). Därefter injiceras provet direkt på en GC-FID med en kapillärkolonn för glykoler och alkoholer. Detektion ner till 100 μmol/L är möjligt med en variationskoefficient mellan 6 och 12 %. Provsvar erhålls efter 6,5 minuter. Metoden är dock inte fullständig då en del frågetecken kvarstår. Bland annat bör det undersökas om andra föreningar, som kan förekomma i urin, kan eluera samtidigt som GHB. Om ja så bör vidare analyser genomföras för att separera GHB och den andra föreningen. Metoden kan däremot användas i nuläget som en screeninganalys för att snabbt få ett svar på om GHB finns närvarande eller inte. Verifiering kan sedan ske med GC-MS.
A method for determination and quantification of gamma-hydroxyburyric acid (GHB) in urine samples is developed at Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhus. No time consuming procedures as derivatization and exctration is required, which makes the method fairly unique. Hydrochloric acid and internal standard, gamma-valerolakton, is added to the urine sample before the sample is injected to a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and a column for glycols and alcohols. The hydrochloric acid makes the GHB convert into gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) which is easier to separate in the gas chromatograph. Limit of detection was found to be 100 μmol/L and test result is received after 6,5 minutes. There are still some question marks around the method, for example, there is a possibility that another substance elute at the same time as GHB. More tests are required to determine whether or not it is so. For now the method can be used as a screening analysis to hastily detect GHB presence. Verification can be done with GC-MS.
Lipnicevic, Maja. "Jämställdhet ur ett resultatperspektiv inom kemiundervisningen i årskurs 7–9 : En kvantitativ studie om hur resultatet på nationella proven skiljer sig mellan flickor och pojkar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100612.
Full textÖman, Sotterman Lars. "Undervisning i källkritik i grundskolans NO-ämnen åk 7–9 : En tematisk studie." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301171.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate how science teachers in compulsory school, preferably chemistry, but also biology and physics, in their practice conduct teaching about source credibility to meet the curriculum's goals and knowledge requirements in this area. The study has been based on recorded qualitative semi-structured interviews of eight teachers active in primary school. The results have been produced through thematic analysis and describe how the teachers teach source criticism in the science subjects, as well as the capabilities that the teachers believe the students need to be able to benefit the teaching ofsource credibility. Source credibility is mainly treated as an aspect of ordinary teaching, for example in connection with various statements or questions that students address based on information they have taken part in in the public debate or in various discussion forums is mainly treated as an aspect of the usual teaching. The teachers then discuss with the pupils which factors make information credible. The teachers also describe that it is important in the teaching to emphasize that the credibility of scientific statements depends on the statement being supported by the scientific methods used in the development and that the statement has been reviewed by subject matter experts. The teachers in this study describe that the most important capability for students to critically review information with a scientific content is their knowledge of the various NO subjects. Another important capability is that students understand how to use search engines on the Internet to be able to find independent sources. The risk is otherwise that they end up in a so called search bubble and they do not receive relevant information.