Academic literature on the topic 'Kenneth Kaunda'

The disproportionately high unemployment figures for the youth highlight the importance of finding alternative ways of increasing youth participation in the economy. According to the Western Cape Youth Report there are four major factors that have been identified as having a significant influence on the entrepreneurial environment in South Africa, especially as this relates to the youth, namely education and training; social and cultural norms; access to finance and the regulatory environment. Recent data compilations show that many poor and non–poor people in many developing countries face a high degree of financial exclusion and high barrier in access to finance. Although access to finance is a perennial problem for all small businesses, the youth are particularly vulnerable to this limitation. Many extremely poor households operate their own businesses, but do so without ample means. A particularly pernicious problem is that the school system is not producing functionally literate students. For many years financial literacy has been neglected. There was also general agreement that people should be equipped with social skills, but financial literacy was not necessarily included as one of these skills. Many school–leavers do not have sufficient literacy, numeracy and livelihood skills to be able to participate actively in the economy. Pilot initiatives revealed that students often enter university with little knowledge of how to work out a weekly budget or manage money. Many of them in receipt of bursaries and other financial support soon run out of money and lead a hand–to–mouth existence. A comprehensive and well co–ordinated approach to youth entrepreneurship is needed to increase the chances of success for start–ups as well as the chances of existing businesses to progressing from “micro” to fully–fledged small and medium–sized entities. The main objective was to research the entrepreneurship competencies, skills and knowledge of the EMS teacher who will be instrumental in promoting entrepreneurship under the youth of the country. To meet the research objectives a qualitative approach was selected and a questionnaire was used as the survey instrument. A new questionnaire was developed to assess respondents’ perceptions of the importance of entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and training in teaching EMS. The responses received were analysed and assessed and the findings are embodied in the recommendations and proposals of this dissertation. This study is of interest to policy makers, educational institutions and schools as well as to the Department of Education. The results of the study are intended to encourage the Department of Education to make a serious effort to promote entrepreneurship competence, knowledge and skills of primary school teachers.<br>Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The recent reform of potable water service provisioning by means of the promulgation of the Water Services Act 108 of 1997 and the National Water Act 36 of 1998 in South Africa has started a process of addressing the imbalance that existed in regard to how the national resource was being distributed. Water is now recognised as a scarce resource that belongs to all the people of the country. Consequently, it should be managed in an integrated way for social and economic development – including future growth (Fuggle & Rabie, 2005:293; Reimann, Chimboza & Fubesi, 2012:446). What is required is an attitude that incorporates a sensitivity in the careful cognisance and management of ―the aggregate of surrounding objects, conditions, and influences that impact on the life and habits of man, or any other organism or collection of organisms (South Africa, 1989). The provision of potable water by water services authorities (WSAs) is an important basic service that faces a number of challenges, such as the use of an outdated infrastructure, the lack of skilled and knowledgeable people, improper planning, and the booming population that places overt pressure on the demand for service delivery. This study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate how a municipality – which is forced to obtain its potable water supply from nearby surface and groundwater catchments, could manage this supply in a more effective, efficient, equitable, economic and sustainable manner by means of improved co-operative governance and intergovernmental relations. The key motivation was thus to develop a plan that would manage water resources more effectively on strategic, tactical and operational levels within government structures and to assist in realising integrated water resources management (IWRM). The proposed plan could be used to develop a shared vision for the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality (Dr KKDM) municipal area of responsibility; and to provide an overview of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats regarding the management of water resources. A qualitative research design was used to conduct the study, which included a literature review, semi-structured interviews, data sampling and scientific analysis of responses. Furthermore, a case-study approach was followed by the researcher, with Dr KKDM as the unit of analysis (the locus).<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Governance))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 108 of 1996 (SA, 1996) makes provision for all citizens to receive quality health care. Legislation such as the White Paper on the Transformation of the Public Service of 1995, (SA, 1995a), the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery (Batho Pele) (SA, 1997b), the Public Service Act 103 of 1994, as amended (SA, 1994), the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (SA, 1995b) and the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 (SA, 1998) enshrines this right for all citizens by ensuring that health authorities put measures in place to improve the performance of nurse employee (NE), and thus ensuring quality health care. NE are only able to improve the quality of their performance, if their performance is systematically appraised and their potential for development is identified. However, researchers, for instance Du Plessis (2002:116), Nkosi (2002:37–44), Narcisse and Harcourt (2008:1154), Thompson et al. (1999:139), Fletcher (2001:473) studied the perceptions and experiences of employees and managers of performance appraisal (PA) and these studies indicated that there is a gap in the implementation of PA. The Performance Management and Development System (PMDS) policy (Policy no. NWPG 13) was implemented in the North West public health sector in clinics and hospitals in 2004 to provide guidelines for the implementation of PA. This policy is reviewed annually since it was first drafted. However the researcher’s personal experience with PA in practice was that there is a gap between the process provided by the PMDS policy (Policy no. NWPG 13) and the implementation thereof in the North West public health sector. This led to the following research questions: how is PA implemented from the perspectives of nurse line managers (NLM) and NE in clinics in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District (KKD) and what guidelines can be developed to improve the implementation of PA in clinics in the KKD? The study aimed to develop guidelines to improve the implementation of PA in clinics in the KKD. The study had a cross–sectional quantitative design with exploratory, descriptive and contextual research strategies. Two questionnaires: one for NLM and the other for NE were developed from section 13.4.4 and 13.4.5 of the PMDS policy (Policy no. NWPG 13 amendment approved for 2008–2009 performance cycle) (SA, 2007), to explore and describe the perceptions of NLM and NE on the implementation of PA in clinics in the KKD. Twenty–three problems were identified from the empirical research with regard to communication, feedback and participation in PA, which served as the evidence base towards developing guidelines to improve the implementation of PA in clinics in the KKD. The guidelines were developed using inductive and deductive reasoning and were based on the ten–point plan of Juran. Finally the research was evaluated, limitations were identified and recommendations were formulated for practice, education, management, research and policy.<br>Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Health systems throughout the globe face challenges with rising drug costs, decisions regarding the implementation of new drug therapies or using conventional drug therapies, access to drugs across different income groups and geographical barriers (Govindaraj et al., 2000:5; Wiedenmayer et al., 2006:6). South Africa is an upper middle income developing country with an estimated population of 50.59 million, facing major challenges in the health sector (WHO, 2011:170; Engelbrecht & Crisp, 2010:18; Stats SA, 2011:2; Dambisya & Modipa, 2009:4). In South Africa the second largest expenditure item in the health system is medicine (DOH, 2011:68). Managing drug supply is essential and managers should focus on procurement, selection, distribution and use to ensure uninterrupted supply. The general objective of this study was to investigate the current documentation systems in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda district regarding medicine logistics. A mixed method study was done to record information using survey forms and doing observations in primary health care clinics and community health care centres within the DKK district. The research period was from 1 January 2010 until 31 March 2012. The results revealed that the availability of pre–selected essential drugs within PHC clinics were above 80% except for ibuprofen tablets that were only available in 68% of the clinics. Clinic managers indicated that the majority of the required services are rendered within clinics in the DKK district. Twenty seven of the thirty four services mentioned in the research study were provided in 77% of the clinics. Daily clinic registers are used in 55% of the clinics to capture patient information. According to the results, 53.85% administration clerks, 42.31% professional nurses and 7.7% health councillors are responsible for completing patient registers upon entering the clinic. The results revealed that recorded patient information is used for statistical purposes (67%) and DHIS (25%). The results revealed that professional nurses within the DKK are responsible for dispensing medicines, and SOP?s for dispensing are used in 70% of these clinics. The results also revealed that 80% of registered nurses are responsible for maintaining the Abstract (continued) ii medicine room. According to the results, medication is stored in the medicine rooms (30%), consulting rooms (27%) and store rooms (5%). Results revealed that 75% of clinics used standard operating procedures to order their medicine stock and are managed by 23% of sub–district pharmacists, 35% of professional nurses and 40% of clinic managers. The results revealed that minimum and maximum drug estimations, stock cards, frequent stock checking and limiting access to medicine/store rooms to ensure optimum stock levels. The results also revealed that 88% of the clinics in the DKK district had no computer systems. Sub–district pharmacists play an essential role in monitoring budgets, supplying essential medicine, improving quality of care, managing expired stock and visiting clinics on a routine basis. The limitations for this study were stipulated and recommendations for further research regarding medicine logistics were also made.<br>Thesis (M.Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

In the accomplishment of good governance South African municipalities need to develop measurable objectives related to performance measures and targets that capture strategically important aspects of performance. This allows performance to be easily monitored and aligned with municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Performance information should be used in conjunction with strategic planning, budgeting, policy analysis and evaluations, organisational reviews and performance appraisals for the managers. This is necessary in order to improve performance and for assuring the public that they are receiving value for money. A Performance Management System (PMS) is the principal management mechanism intended to determine outcomes and impact of municipal service delivery on the communities they are commissioned by legislation to service. The PMS measures should always be relevant, meaningful and informative to political and administrative decision-makers. The data gathered from the PMS should be presented in a balanced, comprehensive and credible manner. The aim of this study is to analyse the challenges that influence the implementation of the local government PMS in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality. The analysis entails identifying the challenges, evaluating them and then suggesting possible solutions to the challenges.<br>Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The South African Police Service's (SAPS) main responsibility, according to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, is to protect and safeguard the inhabitants of South Africa. The SAPS had to adjust to different regime changes as occurred both before 1994 and after 1994. The main aim of the previous dispensation was to deliver a service to a minority of the population. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, Act 57 of 1996 changed the face of Government. The new dispensation brought on after 1994 was that every person in this country has a right to receive service from National, Provincial and Local Government. The change from the old dispensation to the new caused a vacuum between the different Government departments in terms of disaster risk reduction. To bridge this gap, the Cabinet in 1997 established the Inter–Ministerial Committee on Disaster Management (IMC). This resulted in a Cabinet resolution to follow international trends and take a new look at the whole concept of civil protection. The Inter–Ministerial processes consulted a wide array of stakeholders in South Africa and this led to the publishing of the Green Paper on Disaster Management in February 1998. The Green Paper, which highlighted the need for a holistic mechanism for the management of disasters in South Africa, was followed in the following year by the White Paper process and in January 1999, for the first time, South Africa had a national policy on the management of disasters. The newly elected democratic government resolved to move away from traditional thinking that nothing could be done to prevent disasters. They developed strategies in line with global trends by integrating risk reduction methodologies into development initiatives, to build resilience in households, communities and areas known to be at risk. The SAPS role in the Civil Protection Act, Act 67 of 1977, was limited merely to giving help and assistance as requested by National, Provincial and Local Government. The Disaster Management Act, Act 57 of 2002, emphasises the multi–disciplinary and multi–sectoral role of disaster risk management in South Africa. The South African Police has had to adapt to these changes. Local Government and all relevant role–players and disaster risk management structures' main responsibility is to protect and safeguard South African citizens. The SAPS' role and responsibility must be incorporated into existing disaster risk management structures, yet the application of disaster risk management within the SAPS itself is also crucial. The purpose of the study was to explore what is expected from the SAPS in terms of disaster risk management, and to compare it with what is actually happening at the frontline. The SAPS can only fully participate in disaster risk management functions if the SAPS understands its own role and functions itself. This study's aim was to identify any shortcomings internally which prevented the SAPS from achieving its rightful place in the disaster risk management realm using the geographical area of the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality as the focus area of the research. The qualitative research focus of this mini–dissertation necessitated that the researcher use semi–structured interviews (face–to–face or telephonically) in order to explore, define and obtain the data relevant to the research. Interviews with officials who are daily deployed on the frontline revealed information about their needs and frustrations experienced with the present approach to disaster risk management in the SAPS. Information collected from the interviews was grouped and analysed, key concepts were identified and received attention. Constant comparisons were drawn between the experience received from the frontline officials in the SAPS and the theory underlying this study. The research found that the SAPS in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality area is not up to standard in its approach to disaster risk management and its needed institutional capacity. The SAPS spends most of its time, funds, and resources on its primary function. Disaster risk reduction and institutional capacity development for disaster risk management will become part of the SAPS' duties in its daily activities. Structures and policies are needed in the SAPS to achieve such success. The research recommends that if the SAPS wants to establish itself as a role–player in the disaster risk management realm, attention must be given to the development and establishment of structures and policies. Structures and policies will bring all the SAPS disaster risk management role–players into line with the requirements of the disaster risk management legislation and policy, and will lead to a uniform approach to disaster risk management in the SAPS within the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality. Mr Mandela (1994: 202), in his inauguration speech as the first democratically elected black President of South Africa emphasised: “The truth is that we are not yet free; we have merely achieved the freedom to be free, the right not be oppressed. I have walked a long road to freedom. But I discovered that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended”. Disaster Risk Management in the SAPS can be seen as one of these processes which never will be for finalised, but needs constant focus and effort to be successful.<br>Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Professionalism in sport and the standard of world-class performance is on the rise. The development of a country's sporting potential therefore is crucial (Martindale et al., 2007:187). In South African schools, sport is widely regarded as the basis of elite sport (Rajput & Van Deventer, 2010:159). Teacher-coaches are in most cases responsible for the development potential of this sport. These coaches are often not properly trained, while the most knowledgeable coaches are used at elite level (SASKOK 2011b:12). The aim of this study was to determine the current state of teacher-coaches’ sport-specific training and playing- and coaching experience regarding sport coaching. Fifty four (54) schools om the Kenneth Kaunda district in the North-West Province of South Africa were available for this study. Questionnaires by Vosloo (2007) and Camire (2012) were adapted for use in this study. One hundred and forty-four (144) questionnaires were used in the compilation of the results. The Epi-info program was used to capture the data. For analysing the data, frequency tables and cross-tabulations were used to obtain statistical (p≤0.05) and practical (Cramer’s V-value) significance. Only six (6) of the twelve (12) priority sports codes have a significant amount of sport-specific trained teacher-coaches. Most sport-specific training was completed more than five (5) years ago. In most sports codes the majority of teacher-coaches have less than 10 years’ combined coaching- and participation experience. The transfer of quality coaching knowledge between coaches is questionable. It is mostly teacher-coaches with less than 10 years’ experience that do not attempt to improve their coaching skills. Teacher-coaches in general also use few methods to improve their coaching skills. Sport-specific training is needed in all types of schools (especially township- and farm schools) and in all priority sports codes. These teacher-coaches also require quality coaching mentors as well as exceptional and current sport-specific information.<br>TheThesis (MSc (Sport Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The purpose of this research was to determine whether adolescents who participate in sport perform better academically in comparison to their non–participating counterparts. An availability sample of 210 learners between 14 and 24 years from a secondary school in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District took part in this research. The participants were assessed by a Biographical Questionnaire adapted from Mpshe (1996); an adapted version of The Physical Activity Index of Sharkey (1979); the General Scholastic and Aptitude Test (GSAT)(Claassen, De Beer, Hugo & Meyer,1998); The revised two–factor Study Process Questionnaire: R–SPQ–2F of Biggs (1987a, 1987b); The Rosenberg Self–Esteem Scale (RSES), Rosenberg (1965); an adapted version of The Self–concept and Motivation Questionnaire of Bester (2003), and The Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) Scales of Ryff (1989). To obtain an overview of the participants’ academic performance, averages obtained in the June 2010 examinations in the four compulsory learning areas, i.e. Setswana First Language, English First Additional Language, Life Orientation and either Mathematics or Mathematical Literacy, were calculated. A significant relationship between sport participation and academic performance was yielded by a cross–tabulation with a practical significance of 0.09. Univariate regression models with academic performance as dependent variable and the following variables as independent variables were calculated as separate models, namely: IQ, Deep approach and Surface Approach as dimensions of the R–SPQ–2F, Motivation, Self–esteem and Psychological well–being. Only self–esteem was found to significantly predict academic performance. A further analysis using an interaction between sport participation and self–esteem did not yield a significant finding. It was concluded that it is important that Educational planners should take cognisance of the literature and research findings of this study. In future studies bigger samples can be used and the interaction between cognitive, non–cognitive and sociodemographic variables in the prediction of academic performance can be studied.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The future of our world will largely be determined by our willingness and ability to address practices and beliefs that threaten human dignity, promote violence, and impoverish communities. This dissertation develops an African humanist theology as a basis for concrete engagement with social problems (dehumanization, violence, and poverty) by drawing from Kenneth Kaunda’s concept of Christian humanism. Relying on writings by Kenneth Kaunda housed at Boston University library (books, pamphlets, and unpublished speeches), this dissertation argues that his concept of Christian humanism is a valuable, multidimensional concept that, properly understood can serve as a critical resource for addressing the ethical challenges related to human dignity, nonviolence, and economic justice. This dissertation undertakes four main tasks. First, the dissertation’s critical examination of Christian humanism and African humanism exposes shared yet distinctive emphases on human dignity. Second, the dissertation studies Kaunda’s biography to explore the contextual influences on his life and the development of his thought. Kaunda was deeply influenced by his missionary parents and, later in life, by thinkers such as Mahatma Gandhi. Third, the dissertation analyzes the theoretical bases of Kaunda’s Christian humanism with regard to the main themes of human dignity, nonviolence, and economic egalitarianism. Fourth, the dissertation proposes an African Christian humanist approach embodying the ideas espoused by Kaunda as a framework for addressing the ethical challenges in Africa related to violence and poverty. This study concludes that African Christian humanism in the sense proposed should be an important component of social ethics.