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Korir, Justus. "Community Participation in Project Closure principles and Performance of Community Water Supply Projects in Kericho County, Kenya." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (October 7, 2020): 673–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.8577.
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The purpose of this article was to establish the extent to which community participation in project closure principles influences the performance of community water supply projects in Kericho county Kenya. The indicators used included community participation in; project documentation and archiving, procurement closure and bills settlement and project handing over and celebration. The study adopted descriptive survey design and correlation research design. The descriptive survey design was used to describe characteristics of the population being studied whilst a correlational research was used to describe the degree to which variables under the study were related. The target population was 8357 and the sample size was 382. Out of this, 310 positively responded. The sample comprised of households and management committee members. The research instruments included questionnaires, focus group discussion and interview schedules. Stratified proportional sampling and random sampling were used to collect primary qualitative and quantitative data. The data was compiled, given codes and input into SPSS version 25 computer program for statistical analysis and presentation. The study findings showed that community participation in project documentation and archiving (R=0.680, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.461), procurement closure and bills settlement (R=0.772, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.595) and project handing over and celebration (R=0.746, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.554) are significant explanatory variables with respect to project performance at 95% confidence level. Therefore, the study concluded that the community should be encouraged to actively participate more during the project closure process in order to enhance the performance of their community water supply projects.
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Spaling, Harry, Geoffrey Brouwer, and Jesse Njoka. "Factors affecting the sustainability of a community water supply project in Kenya." Development in Practice 24, no. 7 (September 30, 2014): 797–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2014.944485.
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Korir, Justus K., Dorothy N. Kyalo, and John Mbugua. "Community Participation in Project Planning: A panacea to improved Performance of Community Water Supply Projects in Kericho County, Kenya." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 3 (March 28, 2021): 385–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9469.
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This article sought to investigate the influence of community participation in project planning on the performance of community water supply projects in Kericho County, Kenya. The indicators used to assess this included community participation in; Scope planning, Activity planning and Resource planning. The study adopted descriptive survey design and correlation research design. The descriptive survey design was used to describe characteristics of the population being studied whilst a correlational research was used to describe the degree to which variables under the study were related. The target population comprised 8369 people from which a sample of 382 was considered and out of which 310 responded. The sample comprised of household heads, management committee members and sub-County water officers. The research instruments for this study were: questionnaires, focus group discussion and interview schedules. Stratified proportional sampling, random sampling and census techniques were used to collect primary qualitative and quantitative data. The data was compiled, given codes and input into SPSS version 25 computer program for statistical analysis and presentation. The study findings showed that community participation in scope planning (R=0.580, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.334), activity planning (R=0.538, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.288) and resource planning (R=0.511, p=0.00<0.05, R2=0.259) are significant explanatory variables with respect to project performance at 95% confidence level. Therefore, the study concluded that the community should be encouraged to actively participate more during the planning process in order to enhance the performance of their community water supply projects. In this regard, the study recommends that policies to facilitate the structured participation of the community could be enacted to guarantee participation and hence improve the performance of community water supply project.
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Eliab, Mwashuma Tony, and Dr Johnbosco Kisimbii. "Determinants of Performance of Water Projects in Urban Center in Kenya: A Case of Mji Wa Kale Sub-Location in Mombasa County." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 5, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.492.
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Purpose: This study examined the determinants of the performance of water projects in urbanized centres based on a Case Study of Mji wa Kale in Mombasa County.Methodology: The study adopted to descriptive study with a target population of 10,069 people comprised of 10, 056 population of the sub-location (KNBS, 2019 Census), ten purified water service providers (purposive), and a respondent each from the region’s water supply regulators, i.e., Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), Mombasa Water and Sanitation Company and Coast Water Works Agency. They were sampled using Solvins formula n = N / (1 + N e2) and simple random reduction to 15% to utilize a sample size of 70 respondents. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and, where possible, interviews. Data analysis was through mean, frequencies, inferential statistics and descriptive methods through Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS. Data was narrated and reported below frequency TablesFindings: The study found that technology uses in water supply influences the Performance of Water Projects in urbanized centres and that water services companies have the relevant technology skills required in the current trends on new innovative technologies in their supply to the commodity. The study concluded a significant relationship between the availability of natural water sources, consumer preferences of price, appropriate technology, stakeholder involvement, management skills and Performance of water projects in urbanized centres.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends that water management committees that have untrained community members should not be entrusted to manage these facilities, leading to mismanagement and unwarranted system breakdowns. The study also recommends that project leaders and members be trained on the effective use of scarce water supplied to reduce the losses in quantity and quality of water as delivered from source through to households for use to eventual disposal. There is a need to enhance transparency and accountability levels among the committee members. There is a need for close monitoring and evaluation of water projects by implementing organizations to enhance sustainability. Community participation right from conception and design of water projects to implementation is recommended to enhance water projects' community ownership. There is a need to encourage diversified livelihoods, especially those directly supported by water resources.
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Mwambu, Brian, Prof Elishiba Kimani, and Dr Lucy Maina. "ENHANCING THE PARTICIPATION OF MEN AND WOMEN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AT THE BRIDGE WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 4, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v3i2.5147.
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affects livelihoods, health and the fulfillment of basic needs of women and men. Women and men as the users of water resources need to be involved in the management of water resource. This can effectively be done with proper strategies to mainstream gender in all the management undertaking at the community level. This study sought to investigate on the participation of men and women and strategies to enhance gender mainstreaming in the management of water resources at the Bridge Water Project which had drilled 123 boreholes for use in households, learning and religious institutions in Kakamega County. The study was a case study guided by the equity theory developed by John Stacy Adams in 1963. 10% samples of 13 out of the 123 committees that manage the boreholes were randomly selected as respondents to the study. They include 5 household committees, 6 learning and 2 committees from religious institutions. Key informants were heads of selected institutions and the chief of the location where the study was undertaken. The instruments used to collect data were Questionnaires, Focused Group Discussion, Interview Schedule and Observation. Data collected was cross-tabulated for qualitative analysis. The study established that women were discriminated against in terms of participation in management committees despite the fact that they were the main water users. On the basis of strategies, the study identified training and awareness creation on the need for gender equity, dissemination of the affirmative action policy, empowerment and mobilization of women to seek management positions and engagement of a gender expert to guide gender mainstreaming in the management of the project as strategies to enhance gender mainstreaming in the management of the Bridge Water Supply Project.
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N.M., Dr Githae, Farah M.A, and Masese D. M. "Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Community Rural Water Supplies in Sankuri Division, Garissa District, Kenya." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 10 (October 28, 2018): 20662–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/10/614.
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Water is the most important natural resource, indispensable for life and at the same time the backbone of growth and prosperity for humankind. More than 1.1 billion people lack access to safe water and 2.6-billion lack access to basic sanitation in the world today. Water is not like other commodities in the sense that it is essential to human life. It is also essential to economic growth and poverty reduction. About 18% of the world’s population lacks access to improved water supply, According to WHO, 1.6 million deaths per year can be attributed to unsafe water and lack of sanitation (Pérard, 2007:42). Major threats to the sustainability of rural water supplies include high poverty levels in communities, weak institutional framework and inability of communities to handle breakdowns.
The purpose of the research was to determine the factors that affect the sustainability of rural water supply facilities in Sankuri Division, Garissa District. To explore the causes of non-functionality of the water supply, a purposive survey was undertaken covering five (5) locations situated within the proximity of the Tana Rive with a sample of 384 households for quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions and key informant interviews.
The study established demographic characteristics of the study population, majority of the respondents (73.8%) that fetched water for the household were women, and 4.4% were female children. As concerns their level of education and ability to pay for the services, those with higher levels of education were more likely to pay for the water services. Economic factor had a bearing on the households’ ability to pay for the services and therefore the need to consider the cost implication for sustainability of the WSS. Aspects of the operations and management of the WSS elicited components of sustainability and the study’s findings whereby Water management Committee accounted for 48.6%, however components of management contributing to unsustainability among others were poor management skills 18%, corruption among the office bearers 8.4% and lack of accountability 8%.
The study concluded that involvement of women in the management of the water systems since they are mostly involved in accessing this valuable commodity for their households is of utter importance, given their key role in this vital commodity for the members of their households. Cost has played a crucial role in the sustainability of the WSS, and lastly, Governance issues were not articulated to promote active community participation by the government policy, hence influence of the Operation and Management of the WSS.
The study made recommendations at two levels: To the Government to incorporate basic Operations and Management skills for the WSS teams and enhance the capacity building in the initiation of the projects. Water Service Providers to be aware of the consumers’ preference in the management of the WSS. The committee members’ capacity building is crucial for the attainment of sustainability of the WSS. Water tariffs to be affordable in order to support the communities’ ability to pay for the services, and to facilitate maintenance of the systems. Lastly, planning of annual stakeholders and management meetings to promote trust and ownership of the water facility should be emphasized.
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Kilonzo, Winfred, Patrick Home, Joseph Sang, and Beatrice Kakoi. "The Storage and Water Quality Characteristics of Rungiri Quarry Reservoir in Kiambu, Kenya, as a Potential Source of Urban Water." Hydrology 6, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6040093.
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Urbanization has caused limitations on water resources, while climate change has reduced amounts of surface water in some parts of the world. Kikuyu, a suburban area in Kiambu county, Kenya, is facing this challenge. The major challenge in the study is scarcity of potable water, resulting in inadequate water supply to Kikuyu residents. Currently, only 63.6% of the population is being supplied with water by Kikuyu Water Company, the company mandated to supply water to the area. Water demand was 2972 m3/day in 2015 and was projected to be 3834 m3/day by 2025. This has put pressure on the already exploited clean water resources, making it necessary to seek additional sources of domestic water. Storage capacity and water quality of surface water bodies, especially small reservoirs whose water can be used to ease the demand, need to be assessed for supplemental water supply. This study aimed at assessing the suitability of the abandoned quarry reservoir as a source of potable urban water by determining its storage capacity characteristics and water quality status. Volume characteristics were determined using bathymetry survey in January 2019. Water samples were collected in January and August 2019 and analyzed for chemical, physical, and bacteriological quality, as per the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard methods for water and wastewater. Parameters were evaluated based on World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) guidelines for drinking water, and rated based on the drinking water quality index (WQI). The reservoir’s maximum storage capacity was found to be 128,385 m3, the surface area was 17,699 m2, and the maximum depth was 15.11 m. Nineteen of the twenty-five investigated parameters were within the acceptable standards. However, the concentrations of manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), turbidity, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were above the acceptable limits. Manganese and iron levels increased with depth. The overall WQI of the reservoir was 82.51 and 85.85 in January and August, respectively. Therefore, based on WQI rating, the water scored a good quality rating and could be used for domestic supply upon treatment. The original achievement of this study is establishment of the volume of the water in the quarry as an additional source of water to the nearby community, along with water quality status.
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SPALING, HARRY, JESSE MONTES, and JOHN SINCLAIR. "BEST PRACTICES FOR PROMOTING PARTICIPATION AND LEARNING FOR SUSTAINABILITY: LESSONS FROM COMMUNITY-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN KENYA AND TANZANIA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 13, no. 03 (September 2011): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333211003924.
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This paper establishes best practices for community-based environmental assessment (CBEA) in Kenya and Tanzania and examines what participants in community-centered approaches to environmental assessment have learned. Three CBEA cases involving water supply projects were studied using interview methods and action research. Findings show that best practices for encouraging meaningful community involvement include providing access and adequate notice to participants, fairer cost sharing, broader representation of women and youth, participant understanding of the CBEA facilitator and culturally appropriate sharing of findings. Learning outcomes attributable to the CBEA process included technical skills for erosion control, new information about environmental assessment (EA) regulations and shared values of environmental sustainability and community unity. An application of selected best practice approaches in a test case, in order to encourage greater participation and learning, had mixed success. For example, attempts at providing early notice still resulted in it being far too late for most participants and only about one-third of the participants were women. However, a pictograph functioned as an effective tool for reporting CBEA results to the community and demonstrating learning outcomes.
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Gebremedhin, Solomon Haile, and Francois Theron. "Locating community participation in a water supply project—the Galanefhi Water Project (Eritrea)." Anthropology Southern Africa 30, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23323256.2007.11499943.
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Honkalaskar, V. H., M. Sohoni, and U. V. Bhandarkar. "A participatory decision making process for community-level water supply." Water Policy 16, no. 1 (September 4, 2013): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.113.
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This paper describes outcomes of a 3-year participatory action research project which involved community-level decision making to choose between various technologies to supply domestic water to a tribal village. Six technology alternatives were considered, which were ranked by adopting the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). At each stage, starting from project identification to project synthesis, people's participation was sought in a true sense. This required design of novel strategies embedded in local culture, values, and language. The overall process yielded a participatory decision making method for a community, which would uphold people's involvement, a sense of ownership, and control at each step, which is required for the successful implementation and sustainable operation of the project.
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Muniu, Fredrick N., Christopher M. Gakuu, and Charles M. Rambo. "Community Participation in Project Decision Making and Sustainability of Community Water Projects in Kenya." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 22, no. 07 (July 2017): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2207011024.
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Rana, Md Masud Parves, and Awais Piracha. "Supplying water to the urban poor." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 608–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2017-0127.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the processes and complexities of community participation in a water supply project for the urban informal poor in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the performance of a community-based water governance entitled Dushtha Shasthya Kendra Model. The Model includes the local urban poor community with the formal urban service providers in the process of water supply. Using a case study of Karail slum in Dhaka, the paper affirms the potential of community engagement for successful implementation of water supply project by the formal organizations. Findings The opportunity of community participation by the urban poor helps them to be engaged with the formal organizations. Community engagement not only offers them access to water supply but also ensure formal/legal existence in the city. Despite the fact, the community initiative in the slum faces huge locally situated political and socioeconomic challenges. Addressing these complexities with a proper management may still provide a successful community-based effort for water supply to the urban poor in the slums. Originality/value The paper presents a case study of water supply system for the informal poor. Water scarcity in the slum is a serious problem in Dhaka city, though the formal authorities often forget the issue during policy making and planning. This study certainly offers a better understanding of complexity and potentiality of community-based water governance, which may further ensure community participation as well as equal access to water by the urban poor.
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Lillian, Nganga, and Dr Josephine Mutiso. "DETERMINANTS OF SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER PROJECTS AT MACHAKOS COUNTY IN KENYA." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 4, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.300.
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Purpose: The study sought to establish the determinants of sustainability of water projects in Machakos County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of project management capacity, government policies, resource support and monitoring on sustainability of water projects in Machakos County Kenya. The study was guided by Project Management Competency Model, Policy Theory, Resource Based View Theory and Program Theory.Methodology:The target population comprised of 244 water projects in the county implemented by the county government, national government community and non-governmental organizations. The unit of observation was water project managers. A descriptive research design was adopted in the study. The study applied Yamane sampling formula to derive a sample of 151 respondents to be involved in the study. The study used quantitative data that was collected from respondents using 5-point Likert scales questionnaire with closed ended questions. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study findings were presented through tables and figures.Results: The study found that the key significant determinants of sustainability of water projects in Machakos County were capacity of the project management, government policies, monitoring and resource support. The study concluded that project management capacity had the greatest determinant of sustainability of water projects in Machakos County, followed by resource support, then monitoring while government policy had the least determinant of sustainability of water projects in Machakos County.Contribution to policy and practice: The study recommends that the government should advocate for proper planning with involvement of the benefiting community and timely implementation with the required results. This can be done through making of a policy by the ministry demanding for the practice of the same by the involved organizations. The project committee should set up financial structures considering both rising of funds and dissemination of the same in relation to operating and maintaining of the project. This can be done through learning and training on the same. The study also recommended that water beneficiaries and management should be sensitized to improve their knowledge on conservation and protection of water facilities from mismanagement and destructions. Community members should be involved in the determination of the water sale rates. County governments and the general management of the water projects in Kenya should ensure that the local community members are trained to do minor repairs.
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Sakisaka, K., E. A. Chadeka, S. Nagi, D. S. Mwandembo, and M. Jimba. "Introduction of a community water supply in rural western Kenya: impact on community wellbeing and child health." International Health 7, no. 3 (April 2, 2015): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihv015.
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Bisung, Elijah, and Susan J. Elliott. "Community water supply improvement and wellbeing: A pre-post photovoice intervention study in Kenya." Habitat International 85 (March 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.01.005.
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Were, Daniel, Abednego Musau, Mary Mugambi, Marya Plotkin, Mark Kabue, Griffins Manguro, Steven Forsythe, et al. "An implementation model for scaling up oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya: Jilinde project." Gates Open Research 5 (July 27, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13342.1.
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Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an efficacious way to lower the risk of HIV acquisition among high-risk individuals. Despite the World Health Organization’s 2015 recommendation that all persons at substantial risk of HIV infection be provided with access to oral PrEP, the rollout has been slow in many low- and middle-income countries. Initiatives for national rollout are few, and subtle skepticism persists in several countries about the feasibility of national PrEP implementation. We describe the conceptual design of the Jilinde project, which is implementing oral PrEP as a routine service at a public health scale in Kenya. We describe the overlapping domains of supply, demand, and government and community ownership, which combine to produce a learning laboratory environment to explore the scale-up of PrEP. We describe how Jilinde approaches PrEP uptake and continuation by applying supply and demand principles and ensures that government and community ownership informs policy, coordination, and sustainability. We describe the “learning laboratory” approach that informs strategic and continuous learning, which allows for adjustments to the project. Jilinde’s conceptual model illustrates how the coalescence of these concepts can promote scale-up of PrEP in real-world conditions and offers critical lessons on an implementation model for scaling up oral PrEP in low- and middle-income countries.
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Ghimire, Rajeeb. "Acquiescence to acceptance: community acceptance testing in water supply and sanitation." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.069.
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This paper deals with the concept of ‘community acceptance testing (CAT)’ which is perhaps a new concept in the water supply sector. To understand this it is necessary to accept the water supply system as a product of engineering works and water as social goods. While the engineering approach verifies the product against predefined specifications, the CAT validates the capability of that product to satisfy user expectations. In the water supply, sanitation and hygiene sector, there is a culture of verification, but validation should also be given due importance. The validation process is based on user stories and is done before handing over the project to the community. It establishes the community's supremacy over system decision-making and service delivery. The CAT approach promotes the designing of community-engineered systems.
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Musoke, David, Rawlance Ndejjo, Abdullah Ali Halage, Simon Kasasa, John C. Ssempebwa, and David O. Carpenter. "Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion Interventions in Two Slum Communities in Central Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710120.
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Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) continue to contribute to the high prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in low-income countries such as Uganda particularly in slums. We implemented a 3-year WASH project in two urban slums in Uganda with a focus on safe drinking water and improvement in sanitation. The project implemented community and school interventions in addition to capacity building initiatives. Community interventions included home improvement campaigns, clean-up exercises, water quality assessment, promotion of drinking safe water through household point-of-use chlorination, promotion of hand washing, and support towards solid waste management. In schools, the project supported health clubs and provided them with “talking compound” messages. The capacity building initiatives undertaken included training of youth and community health workers. Project evaluation revealed several improvements in WASH status of the slums including increase in piped water usage from 38% to 86%, reduction in use of unprotected water sources from 30% to 2%, reduction in indiscriminate disposal of solid waste from 18% to 2%, and increase in satisfaction with solid waste management services from 40% to 92%. Such proactive and sustainable community interventions have the potential to not only improve lives of slum inhabitants in developing countries but also create lasting impact.
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Cook, Joseph, Jake Wagner, and Gunnar Newell. "A decision support tool for rural water supply planning." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.017.
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Abstract Over a dozen studies have examined how households who travel to collect water (about one-quarter of humanity) make choices about where and how much to collect. There is little evidence, however, that these studies have informed rural water supply planning in anything but a qualitative way. In this paper, we describe a new web-based decision support tool that planners or community members can use to simulate scenarios such as (1) price, quality, or placement changes of existing sources, (2) the closure of an existing source, or (3) the addition of a new source. We describe the analytical structure of the model and then demonstrate its possibilities using data from a recent study in rural Meru County, Kenya. We discuss some limits of the current model, and encourage readers and practitioners to explore it and suggest ways in which it could be improved or used most effectively.
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Wijesinghe, Lalith, Darshani Ilangangedara, and L. H. P. Gunarathne. "Sustainable Rural Water Supply Schemes and Sri Lankan Community-based Organisations." Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119840924.
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With a majority of the world’s poor living in rural areas, focusing on rural water supply, sanitation and hygiene is necessary if Millennium Development Goals are to be achieved. Therefore, donor agencies invest a significant amount of funds on rural water and sanitation projects. These rural water supply schemes (RWSS) are usually proposed to be managed by community-based organisations. Therefore, sustainability has become a widely discussed aspect in the agendas of programmes related to these projects. Benefits can be obtained by developing a framework for measuring sustainability and identifying the factors affecting the sustainability of RWSS. This can help to predict sustainability before implementing projects and to take necessary actions to enhance the sustainability during the project implementation stage itself. This conceptual and practice-based study was carried out to develop a framework to assess and compare the sustainability of community-based RWSS and to identify the factors affecting them.
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Dahal, Dhundi Raj, and Tatwa P. Timsina. "Impacts of Melamchi Water Supply Project in Socio-Economic Development of Sindhupalchowak District of Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 2, no. 2 (February 11, 2017): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v2i2.16610.
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The Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) is considered to have been the most viable long-term alternative to ease the chronic water shortage situation within the Kathmandu Valley. The project has launched the separate project 'Social Upliftment Project' to improve the quality of life of community people. Besides that the project has divided its support field as buffer zone, health, education, income generation and rural electrification etc. to make the program more effective. So, the study aim is to explore the impact of Melamchi Water Supply Project in socio-economic status of local people of study areas. The study was conducted among the 8 VDCs of Sindhupalchowak district. Total, 404 respondents were selected randomly. The study found that MWSP had contributed in the field of agriculture, improving economic status of community people, education, infrastructure development and off-seasonal vegetable farming for income generating activities. There was a significant difference between the respondents of different VDCs regarding the contribution of MWSP. The Social Upliftment Program of MWSP should be continued and needed to extend in other hard-to-reach areas of district.
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Xu, Xin, Zhaohui Ni, Ziwei Shen, Mingjing Tian, and Boqun Liu. "Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Quality Assessment in the Northwest of Liaoning Province Water Supply Project Waters." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 146 (May 2018): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012059.
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Weesie, Ruben, and Angela Kronenburg García. "From Herding to Farming under Adaptation Interventions in Southern Kenya: A Critical Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124386.
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Improving water supply for irrigable farming and livestock purposes in communities in Africa is an increasingly popular approach for community-based adaptation interventions. A widespread intervention is the construction of agro-pastoral dams and irrigation schemes in traditionally pastoral communities that face a drying climate. Taking the Maji Moto Maasai community in southern Kenya as a case study, this article demonstrates that water access inequality can lead to a breakdown of pre-existing social capital and former pastoral cooperative structures within a community. When such interventions trigger new water uses, such as farming in former pastoral landscapes, there are no traditional customary institutional structures in place to manage the new water resource. The resulting easily corruptible local water management institutions are a main consolidator of water access inequalities for intervention beneficiaries, where socio-economic standing often determines benefits from interventions. Ultimately, technological adaptation interventions such as agro-pastoral dams may result in tensions and a high fragmentation of adaptive capacity within target communities.
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Folifac, Fidelis, and Susan Gaskin. "Joint water supply projects in rural Cameroon: partnership or profiteering? Lessons from the Mautu–Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) project." Water Supply 11, no. 4 (September 1, 2011): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.061.
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The Government of Cameroon's lack of priority for rural water supply has motivated rural communities to harness their internal capacity and networks for self-help community water supply projects. The emerging paradigm of joint water supply projects between communities in rural Cameroon and large corporations, with both parties as principal beneficiaries (unlike self-help projects where the principal beneficiary is the community), is examined. Our findings, based on the Mautu community and the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) joint project, suggest that this paradigm can be an attractive alternative for rural communities to gain access to piped water systems. However, to ensure long term performance of the rural community's distribution network, the more experienced corporate partner should negotiate a fair agreement, integrate capacity building for operation and maintenance, and include future growth and increased demand in the design of the community's network. Significant inequity during design of the supply to the two partners can lead to the dysfunction of the community system and trigger the perception of profiteering by the corporate partner resulting in subsequent vandalism. It is recommended that such joint partnerships be regulated and that local institutions working with rural communities should educate them on available support services.
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Rai, Rajesh K., Mani Nepal, Laxmi D. Bhatta, Saudamini Das, Madan S. Khadayat, E. Somanathan, and Kedar Baral. "Ensuring Water Availability to Water Users through Incentive Payment for Ecosystem Services Scheme: A Case Study in a Small Hilly Town of Nepal." Water Economics and Policy 05, no. 04 (October 2019): 1850002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x18500029.
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This study was carried out to design an incentive payment for an ecosystem services (IPES) scheme in the Baitadi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project of Nepal. The main intention behind the designing of the scheme was to develop strategy for equitable use of water resources and involve communities, watershed and water user, in the sustainable management of water resources. We administered household survey in both the watershed community and water users to elicit their preferences regarding water source management and drinking water supply. A discrete choice experiment was employed in the case of water users which showed that, for them, water quality and quantity are the most important attributes. The estimated annual willingness-to-pay of water users for doubling water availability is NPR 482,076 (USD 4,505) and for doubling the water quantity and the supply of clean water that can be drunk directly from the tap is NPR 1.18 million (USD 10,988). The results of consultations with stakeholders indicate that the construction of public toilets, the regularization of grazing, off-season vegetable farming and drinking water distribution in the upstream area may contribute to maintaining the quality of water while keeping the watershed community satisfied with regard to water-sharing. These activities require NPR 1.17 million (USD 10,987) in the first year and NPR 425,640 (USD 3,978) annually from the second year on. The estimated willingness-to-pay and cost of the watershed activities indicate that implementing IPES in the Baitadi Town Water Supply Project is financially feasible and socially acceptable. Our study recommends the integration of the IPES design into the project design phase in future drinking water scheme, the best option being its integration into the initial environmental examination at the time of project design.
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Jebitok, Nelly, and DR Joyce Nzulwa. "CRITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD PROJECTS IN KENYA." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 4, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.302.
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Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to establish Critical factors influencing implementation of road projects.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population of the study was all the road engineers, middle managers in department of KRB. The sample size was 188 respondents. Data collected was cleaned, pretested, validated, and coded, summarized and analyzed using statistical package of SPSS V23. The study findings were presented using graphs, histograms, bar charts and pie charts. Conclusions were derived based on the P.value and the coefficient of determination. Results: The study found that the key significant determinants of sustainability of water projects in Machakos County were capacity of the project management, government policies, monitoring and resource support. The study concluded that project management capacity had the greatest determinant ofsustainabilityofwater projects in Machakos County, followed by resource support, then monitoring while government policy had the least determinant of sustainability of water projects in Machakos County.Contribution to policy and practice: The study recommends that the government should advocate for proper planning with involvement of the benefiting community and timely implementation with the required results. This can be done through making of a policy by the ministry demanding for the practice of the same by the involved organizations. The project committee should set up financial structures considering both rising of funds and dissemination of the same in relation to operating and maintaining of the project. This can be done through learning and training on the same. The study also recommended that water beneficiaries and management should be sensitized to improve their knowledge on conservation and protection of water facilities.
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Bhandari, B. S., M. Grant, and D. Pokharel. "Sustainable community water: managing supply systems in the mid-hills of Nepal." Water Policy 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0013.
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This study examines the sustainability of rural drinking water supply (DWS) projects installed by non government organizations (NGOs), international non government organizations (INGOs) and government organizations (GOs) in two districts in the mid-hill region of Nepal. Comparative analyses of different systems installed by NGOs, INGOs and GOs, which portray the work and improvements needed for sustainability, are determined. This study shows that INGO installed projects are moving forward to sustainability in terms of performance compared to NGOs and GOs. One of the prime reasons of failure to maintain sustainability is poor involvement of women from the projects' early stages. A systematic random household survey was conducted of selected projects in the study area and this showed that most of the rural DWS projects need to improve management practices and gender equality during planning as well as operation and maintenance phases. Rural people are satisfied with DWS project water availability in their communities. Results indicate that water accessibility fails to have significant impacts on rural livelihood especially for the rural poor.
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Heil, Ethan, Duncan Nengwenani, Audrey Raedani, Veronica Gutierrez, Gadisi Nthambeleni, Khuthalani Mathoma, Rachel Brown-Glazner, and Robert Swap. "Student-led, Community Driven Improvement of the Drinking Supply in a Rural Village in South Africa." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2010): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v5i1.2230.
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This paper presents the extension of a sustainable water purification project conducted by engineering students from the University of Venda in South Africa and the University of Virginia in the United States. Through collaboration with faculty at both universities and a community in rural South Africa, the student team facilitated the repair of a water filtration system installed the previous year. While the team had the specific goal to repair the system, they entered into this commitment with an open-ended approach to problem solving that drew heavily on community engagement and participation. The following paper describes the technical details of the project and the process by which the community was enabled to take the lead in the assessment, design and implementation of a sustainable repair to their water filtration system.
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White, Pamela, Indra Raj Badu, and Parikshit Shrestha. "Achieving sustainable water supply through better institutions, design innovations and Water Safety Plans – an experience from Nepal." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 4 (September 23, 2015): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.002.
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Sustainable functionality of rural water infrastructures is a major challenge in Nepal, as elsewhere. This paper looks at systems for improved community-based water supply and sanitation management in the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP), in mid and far west Nepal. The paper analysed 496 rural, community-managed drinking water and sanitation schemes (with 30 to 250 beneficiary households per scheme) supported by RVWRMP (2006–2014). Observed results are: 91.5% fully functional, 8.3% partially functional and 0.2% of schemes closed due to natural disasters and social conflicts. This compares very favourably to the systems implemented by the government of similar age. We consider that the experience gained in RVWRMP provides relevant lessons on how to safeguard the functionality of rural water services infrastructure systems. The key elements noted by our staff are: prioritisation of the schemes by the community; application of quality implementation and user committee management; Water Safety Plans and active maintenance; and hands-on technical support and monitoring.
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Adadzi, Patrick, Harrison Coffie, and Emmanuel Afetorgbor. "Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Systems: A Case Study of Kwamekrom Water System in the Volta Region of Ghana." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 5 (September 29, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n5p30.
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This paper review and analyze the sustainability of rural water systems facilitated by Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) in Ghana in both their capacity to continue to deliver adequate, safe and quality water for all the people of Kwamekrom township and surrounding villages. The paper focus on a case study of the sustainability of small-town piped water systems; the main used technology in rural areas of the Volta Region in Ghana. Part of the project was the implementation of infrastructure and building capacities in the community to manage and use their system after project completion. A recent development is that CWSA is shifting from community ownership and management (COM) towards participation in management, a shift that is expected to ensure the sustainability of the water systems. The study aimed to analyze the viability of the Kwamekrom water supply system in the Volta Region of Ghana, which was under the COM system utilizing a survey mechanism. The study revealed based on performance indexes indicated that the Kwamekrom water system was not sustainable under the COM. The result was mainly due to poor financial management and lack of adequate technical expertise coupled with socio-political impact under the COM. The new reform towards participation in the management of rural water supply is, therefore, an approach which could lead to sustainability.
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Padawangi, Rita. "Community-driven development as a driver of change: water supply and sanitation projects in rural Punjab, Pakistan." Water Policy 12, S1 (March 1, 2010): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.116.
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This paper examines the question: how effective is a community driven development (CDD) approach to rural water supply? Some theoretical advantages of CDD approaches include: (1) community choices are more attuned to local needs; (2) sustainable O&M is more likely; (3) social capital is built; (4) more participation yields better oversight and less corruption; and (5) communities become active partners in development, itself a worthy objective. Using quantitative and qualitative data from a water supply and sanitation project in Punjab, Pakistan, the study finds that the CDD approach, consistent with expectations, has done well in extending water supply, drainage, and sanitation coverage to the poor rural communities, and demonstrated outcomes that are only achievable through CDD—including water tariff and cultural changes. The project was also effective in promoting local participation and ownership, particularly by women's groups, and is therefore likely to have sustainable operation and maintenance (O & M). This study uncovers two dimensions of CDD in water and sanitation as means to an end: political reform, by proposing implementation strategies of decentralisation; and cultural reform, by providing an approach to break cultural barriers.
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Antia, Noshir H. "The Mandwa Project: An Experiment in Community Participation." International Journal of Health Services 18, no. 1 (January 1988): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vnay-uk5l-kcw1-ql56.
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The project at Mandwa was designed to study the problems of health in rural India and the delivery of health care by the existing public and private health systems. The results demonstrate the important role of socioeconomic and political factors not only in vital areas such as nutrition, water supply, sanitation, and housing, but also in the delivery of health services. The private sector showed a predominantly curative and monetary orientation, while the public sector demonstrated a lack of accountability to the people it was designed to serve. Under these conditions, an attempt was made to test the possibility of training local women in self-help with a minimal supportive service. The results reveal that adequate knowledge and technology exist for most of the prevalent problems of health and illness in developing countries, and that semiliterate villagers have the capacity to use these effectively if they are provided in a simple manner. This experiment also demonstrates the opposition from local vested interests to any change of the status quo, even in the relatively noncontroversial field of health.
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Lammerink, M. P. "Community managed rural water supply: experiences from participatory action research in Kenya, Cameroon, Nepal, Pakistan, Guatemala and Colombia." Community Development Journal 33, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/33.4.342.
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Ye, Suxian, Jingwen Li, Jiao Yuan, Yao Hu, and Xiaoqiang Han. "Design And Analysis Of Water Supply And Drainage Engineering For A Residential Building." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303044.
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Nowadays, the demand for architecture by the public is not only a living, but also an increase in comfort and safety requirements, and more attention is paid to the design of water supply and drainage works for buildings.In recent years, the rapid development of the economy, whether it is urban or township, the degree of housing community is getting higher and higher, people's requirements for the water supply and drainage function of the building are also constantly improving, which gives the water supply and drainage project a broader development space.In this paper, the nine-story building in a certain district is taken as the research object, and the design analysis is carried out according to the relevant data of the building and the living needs of the residents to verify the feasibility.According to the four parts of water supply, drainage, fire protection and rainwater drainage, the water supply and drainage project of the building is analyzed, and the construction points are briefly given.It can effectively improve the design level and quality of the water supply and drainage system of the building, and facilitate the use of domestic water for residents.
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Longwe, B., M. Mganga, and N. Sinyiza. "Review of sustainable solar powered water supply system design approach by Water Mission Malawi." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 4 (November 20, 2019): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.079.
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Abstract Water Mission's extensive experience in designing, constructing and supporting solar-powered pumping solutions demonstrates the technological viability and cost effectiveness for delivering safe water to people, particularly in rural areas. Water Mission follows a unique design approach that uses conventional but relatively unique engineering specifications in terms of hydraulics, power requirement, water treatment and distribution, having tested them in different geographical environments. Water Mission incorporates a community-managed sustainability model into the design to ensure a longer life span for the project by promoting a well-defined maintenance and sustainability plan. This approach was applied to ten projects in 2015 in Kasungu, Lilongwe and Blantyre districts where installation, monitoring and evaluation were done and subjected to Water Mission's standards for qualification to hand them over to the beneficiary communities at the end of one year post installation. The paper is a review and discussion of the steps that Water Mission follows in its design process to come up with a sustainable project with solar energy. The paper also illustrates the non-compromise stand by Water Mission when it comes to the hand-over criteria for its projects by following and respecting the results of the prescribed evaluation test. It highlights detailed advantages and disadvantages of the design approach and presents recommendations. It is concluded that the approach can be replicated elsewhere in Malawi as a solution to water supply.
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Riswan, M., and P. Ishaq. "Community Based Rural Drinking Water Supply System (Sustainability Challenge in Kannahipuram CBO Scheme)." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i1.3223.
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Rural Water Supply (RWS) system implemented and maintained by a community-Based Organization (CBO) adopting a participatory approach, which is considered a useful strategy to supply safe drinking water to the people, especially in rural segments of the country in a sustainable manner. This study was carried out based on Kannahipuram CBO managed RWS schemein Alayadivembu Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD). The study gathered primary data through field-based interviews with key stakeholders in CBO managed water supply system and field observations. Also, it collected secondary data from statistical reports from NWSDB, RWS, and CBOs, etc. The findings have been interpreted mainly based on the descriptive qualitative method. This study examines the extent to which the community participation influences community ownership of rural water projects and its sustainability in the Kannahipura scheme. This paper also sets out to analyze the impacts of the participatory approach in the rural water supply system using qualitative and quantitative information that compiled project data with field surveys. The study found that the participatory approach was effectively exercised in Kannahipuram CBO managed water supply scheme to ensure a sustainable system at the village level. However, it was observed that the quality of water is not in a drinkable condition for drinking purposes, and the water source has been contaminated, particularly in the Shallow-well due to climate change, increased demand, and seasonal drought in the region. Hence, this study suggests improving the water quality by using advanced treatment processes to provide safe drinking water at a drinkable level through CBO operation and community participation successfully and effectively.
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Hoffman, Tanner J. S., Alinaitwe Collins, Joseph Lwere, and James B. Harrington. "Elevating the standard: a professionalized approach to community-based rainwater harvesting systems in Uganda." Waterlines 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00016.
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Where water resources are limited, rainwater harvesting (RWH) can provide on-site access to improved water sources. Community institutions are uniquely positioned to benefit from RWH; advocates have encouraged the installation of community-based RWH systems as a way to ameliorate water supply insufficiencies in low-income settings. However, poor quality RWH system installations and insufficient attention to management support have resulted in sustainability challenges, necessitating a commitment to higher standards for community-based RWH. Spurred on by an iterative learning cycle and commitment to innovation, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved RWH system design, installation, and management practices that are well adapted to Ugandan institutions. By investing in a professional crew, high-quality materials, and post-installation support, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved 96 per cent functionality two years after installation. The professionalized approach that the Ugandan Water Project employs can be used as a model to guide future RWH system installations in Uganda and elsewhere.
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Govind, Madhav, and Abhilash Babu. "Community Participation or Manufactured Consent? Strategies for Implementation of Drinking Water Project ‘Jalanidhi’ in Kerala (India)." International Journal of Rural Management 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005217691151.
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The present study explains how the state engages with the dominant groups in the community and how people’s consent is manufactured to legitimize the implementation of the project. On the basis of focus group discussion with beneficiaries and informal interview of implementing actors, the study shows that people’s responses towards ‘Jalanidhi’ vary as per their socio-economic positions in the society. While the middle and the upper class people were generally favouring the project, the poor and weaker sections were strongly opposing the idea of user charge for drinking water. The middle class viewed the user charge for drinking water as ‘normal’ and more efficient compared to the state-driven supply; the lower class, especially those who belonged to the scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST), viewed it as a violation of their rights. Yet, they were denied any alternative to the neoliberal agenda of community-based drinking water supply and were forced to conform to the project. The study focuses on using the insights developed by Michel Foucault. His genealogical analysis offers tools to understand the forms of power relations at the grassroots. The study uses ‘Jalanidhi’ as a context to examine these concepts and shows how it can be used to understand the processes that lead to the social acceptance of commodification of natural resources like water.
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Bailey, I. W., and L. Archer. "The impact of the introduction of treated water on aspects of community health in a rural community in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0031.
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A project was designed by Umgeni Water (funded by the Water Research Commission of South Africa) to monitor the implementation of water reticulation in Vulindlela and evaluate the Water Supply Scheme from a community and environmental health perspective. The findings would hopefully contribute toward the development of criteria for Health Impact Assessment on Water Reticulation Projects. One objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of diarrhoeal disease as opposed to other health indicators for water-associated diseases. The innovative methodology followed in the study, a “stepped wedge design”, compared four discrete areas of water reticulation implementation in Vulindlela over a 15-month period. Five surveys, including a baseline and four follow-ups at each household, were carried out. Analysis (microbiological, chemical) was carried out of samples from the household drinking water and from the source of the water. Each survey included health questionnaires, the respondent being the head of the household in each case. Overall, there was no direct correlation proved between water quality and diarrhoea per se. However, there was a marked decrease in diarrhoea with the introduction of the new water supply. There was definite correlation between hygiene behaviours and diarrhoea. Diarrhoea would seem to be the health impact associated with water, of choice.
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Daniel, D., Julivius Prawira, Trimo Pamudji Al Djono, S. Subandriyo, Arya Rezagama, and Aries Purwanto. "A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia." Water 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040507.
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The sustainability of the water supply program in developing countries is influenced by many inter-linked and dynamic factors, suggesting the need to analyse the system behaviour of the water supply program. However, no study analyses factors influencing the sustainability of rural drinking water supply programs holistically, and this study aims to fill that gap. This study utilized a system dynamics approach based on a case study of a community-based rural drinking water supply program (PAMSIMAS in Bahasa) in Magelang Regency, Indonesia. Five sustainability aspects were considered in the model development and simulation: financial, institutional, environmental, technical, and social aspects. Eight scenario analyses related to those five aspects were conducted. The causal loop diagrams suggest that the overall loop in the system is reinforcing, meaning that the improvement in one aspect will improve the overall condition of the system and deterioration in one aspect will reduce the overall condition of the system. Scenario analysis shows that external fund is critical to support the program financially, especially at the beginning of the project when the piped system is being built and water revenue is still low. Scenario and sensitivity analyses revealed that human factors, i.e., the performance of the water board and response and support from the community, positively influence the sustainability of the water supply program. Additionally, the water board plays a key role in accelerating the pipe network growth. Finally, this paper argues that visualising and simulating the causal relationship and dynamic behaviour of the rural water supply program are critical for water stakeholders to better design and implement the water supply program.
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Grey-Gardner, Robyn. "Implementing risk management for water supplies: a catalyst and incentive for change." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07046.
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Water management in small Aboriginal settlements in remote Australia is typified by technology-driven approaches where knowledge, decision-making and responsibility reside with organisations and agencies outside the settlement. This conventional approach has been a disincentive to active involvement by residents in managing the hazards and risks of their own water supply, despite the apparent presence of knowledge and skills at the settlement level. This paper outlines lessons from the Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre’s Remote Community Water Management Project. The aim of the 2-year project was to identify a replicable model and process for sustainable small scale water supply management in remote Aboriginal settlements. The approach was a practical departure from viewing water quality in isolation from the other water supply issues such as water quantity, affordability, additional resources and aspirations. The risk management model that was developed and utilised is presented and the significant factors that enabled a holistic approach to water supply management are discussed. The dynamic combination of participatory processes and an iterative approach enabled effective project implementation, and created an environment of continual improvement. Critical elements of the project implementation are described, in particular, the sequencing of activities and the identification of incentives and drivers for increasing self reliance. The social capital within the case study settlements is explored as a critical attribute for a sustainable management program or change process. The model developed during the project provides a structure for expanding the approach to, for example, a regional water management strategy. The opportunities for expansion are further enhanced by the practices of developing appropriate and transferable tools. The integration of livelihood aspirations within institutions of policy and water risk management practice is endorsed for effective and sustainable local water management.
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Hitapriya Suprayitno, Ayu Rahmaniyah, and Eko Budi Santosa. "PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE SUCCESS OF COMMUNITY-BASED COMMUNITY ROAD PROGRAM RELATED TO COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS, IN PASURUAN CITY." PADURAKSA: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Warmadewa 9, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/pd.9.2.1829.114-125.
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As a developing country, Indonesia still has a lot of urban slum areas. Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing create the KOTAKU program, City without Slum. To realize the KOTAKU objective, two projects were conducted the NSUP and the NUSP. Pasuruan City was given the NUSP-2 project, in 2016, covered 11 slum areas, dealt with community road, community sanitation, and community water supply. The success of the community road program had been evaluated. The program was relatively unsuccessful in a coastal area dominated by fisherman settlement. In the next to the coastal area dominated by supporting fishermen supporting an activity, the program was relatively fairly successful. While in urban slum areas dominated by middle-income families, the program was successful.
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Omanwa, Erick Bwoma, and Serah Kimaru Muchai. "EFFECTS OF POST-IMPLEMENTATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON SUSTAINABILITY OF BOREHOLE WATER PROJECTS IN EMBU COUNTY, KENYA." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 5, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijepm.1188.
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Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of post-implementation community participation on sustainability of borehole water projects in Mbeere South sub county, Embu County.
Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional research design. The target population comprised of 770 executive borehole management committee members, 16,800 household borehole water users in Mbeere South Sub County, five project managers from non-state agencies involved in rural water provision and management and two government water officers. The study used utilized a sample size of 657. Krejcie and Morgan table was used to select 260 executive borehole committee members while Yamane formula was employed to sample 390 household borehole water users who were selected from the five wards in Mbeere south sub county by use of proportionate random sampling method. Census sampling was applied to select two government water officers and five project officers from non-state agencies. The study used questionnaires and interview guides to gather primary data from the respondents. The questionnaires were piloted with 70 randomly picked respondents drawn from the target population to ascertain their reliability in gathering relevant data while content validity was achieved through review by experts and professionals in the field of study. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
Findings: Pearson Chi-Square analysis revealed that monitoring cases of vandalism and poor hand pump handling, monitoring hand pump defects and breakdowns, supervision of community-led maintenance and repair were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P- values of 0.000, 0.000, 0.020 respectively. The study also established that community caretakers technical training, availability of hand pump spare parts and technician entrepreneurs in village markets were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P-value of 0.000. In regard to financial transparency and accountability, beneficiaries’ willingness to pay for water, availability of enough funds to cover maintenance and management costs, community demand for water, application of book keeping skills in borehole projects management and keeping of financial records of household payments were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P-value of 0.000, 0.006, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively. Further, 78.9% of the household water users indicated that there were no mechanisms for auditing the records prepared by the borehole management committees and regarding their involvement in financial decision making only 26.2% affirmed participation in financial decision-making process.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that community beneficiaries should be sufficiently mobilized and prepared to facilitate effective community management of rural borehole water projects during the post-implementation period as postulated by the Community Coalition Action and Citizen Participation theories. Additionally, the borehole management committees should be supported by external stakeholders to enhance their technical and financial management skills in order to ensure technical and financial sustainability of rural community managed borehole projects through facilitative and village-level operation and maintenance and effective accountability and transparency mechanisms.
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Arnas, Yenni, Muh Wildan, KGS Ismail, Zulina Kurniawati, and Benny Kurnianto. "Instalasi Perpipaan Air Bersih Masjid Al-Ikhwan Rancagong Legok Tangerang." Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPKM) Langit Biru 2 (March 31, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54147/jpkm.v2i01.435.
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Water is essential for life, but not all people can access tap water. In fact, many people use ground water, which is not measured its purity, to supply household, places of worship, public facilities, private offices, government offices, and etc. This problem was also observed on Al-Ikhwan Mosque building Jl. Masjid RT 01 RW 08 Rancagong Village, Legok District, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. In addition, in this place the water installation was not available. Therefore, it was feasible to carry out community service activities in that location regarding to clean water supply and installation. The method of this project were (1) drilling to make wells as clean water supply, (2) Calculating the need for clean water as the basis in determining the capacity and the type of water pump, (3) building water storage (equipped with a floating sensor as a control media turn the pump on or off automatically), and (4) piping to support distribution system of clean water from well to tap. This method was expected to meet Indonesian National Standard of clean water installation system. This project was supported by lecturers / instructors as their responsibility to practice Tridharma of higher education. Cadets/students was also involved in this project so they can demonstrate their knowledge about standard of building facilities in society.
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Kauti, Matheaus, Kebenei Cheruto, Kyulu Mutua, Levu Mumo, and Mumo Muema. "Urban Water Resource Use and Management: An Assessment of Challenges and Opportunities of Community Water Supply Systems in Wote Town, Makueni County, Kenya." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 12, no. 3 (January 10, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2017/27913.
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Whittington, Dale, Jennifer Davis, Linda Prokopy, Kristin Komives, Richard Thorsten, Heather Lukacs, Alexander Bakalian, and Wendy Wakeman. "How well is the demand-driven, community management model for rural water supply systems doing? Evidence from Bolivia, Peru and Ghana." Water Policy 11, no. 6 (October 1, 2009): 696–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.310.
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This paper reports the main findings of a multi-country research project designed to develop a better understanding of the performance of community-managed rural water supply systems in developing countries. Data were collected from households, village water committees, focus groups of village residents, system operators and key informants in 400 rural communities in Peru, Bolivia and Ghana. Our findings suggest that the demand-driven, community management model, coupled with access to spare parts and some technical expertise, has come a long way toward unraveling the puzzle of how best to design and implement rural water supply programs in developing countries. In all three countries, rural water supply projects were working. Among the households included in our sample in Peru and Bolivia, 95% had operational taps at the time of our field visit. In 90% of the villages in Ghana, all project handpumps were still working. Not only had the rural water systems not broken down, but almost all the households in these communities were obtaining at least some of their water from the systems. However, some households were also still using water from other sources. In Ghana, 38% of households still reported using water from unprotected sources (e.g. springs, river, open wells) for drinking and/or cooking. Another troublesome finding is that rural households in the sample villages are paying very little for the improved water services and, as a result, the finances of many village water committees are in poor shape.
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SORENSEN, D. L., J. V. GODDARD, S. G. MURADYAN, and R. W. HILL. "TRAINING AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM FOR VILLAGE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN ARMENIA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 10, no. 03 (September 2008): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s146433320800310x.
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Environmental management is most successful when it is integral to the overall management of an institution. A technical and management team conducting community water resources development projects in which environmental management is based on institutional policy and environmental assessments is likely to effectively protect the environment, complete construction, and initiate operation of the new systems. Water resource development is inherently multidisciplinary but interdisciplinary sharing of information may not occur unless management establishes policies and procedures to facilitate it. Organisational learning should be facilitated to clarify the objectives of the project, including environmental protection, and to describe the informational needs of team members and resources available across the team disciplines. A village water supply program in Armenia demonstrated these principles. Environmental assessments conducted in collaboration with an effort to enhance the longevity of water supply wells led to interdisciplinary team-building and training for project managers and contractors. Improved cost-effectiveness and less environmental damage are anticipated.
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Chan, Ngai Weng, Jabil Mapjabil, Narimah Samat, Mou Leong Tan, Aminuddin Ab Ghani, and Fei Zhang. "Community Involvement in Urban Water Management: The N Park Resort Condominium Rainfall Harvesting and Water Saving Project in Penang, Malaysia." Populasi 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.67206.
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Community engagement and involvement is vital for the success of urban water management. However, poor public engagement, cheap water tariffs, apathetic attitude and lack of public interest are identified as the main reasons for high water wastage in Penang State, Malaysia. The N Park Resort Condominium rainfall harvesting and water saving project in Penang, Malaysia is a prime example of successful urban water management involving government, private sector, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and local communities. The N-Park condominium consisting of 965 units is the first condominium in the country to initiate a community water- saving project. Started in August 2009 and completed in December 2010, the project is jointly implemented by the Drainage and Irrigation Department (DID) Malaysia (Government), Water Watch Penang (WWP) (NGO), N-Park Management Corporation (NPMC)(Community) and the Penang Water Supply Corporation (PWSC). The methodology involved installation of a rainwater harvesting system, installation of water-saving devices and a water-saving campaign. Results of the project showed that the rainwater harvesting system was most successful as the rainwater harvested was used for gardening, washing common areas and toilets, flushing toilets, and washing vehicles. The installation of water-saving devices was also successful as it resulted in substantial water savings. Results showed reduced total water usage from 8 to 25 % between September 2009 to March 2010. The greatest reduction by 50 % was between May and July 2011, followed by 47.5 % in January 2011. During the time of the project, the amount of water saved was equivalent to RM1,3971 in monetary savings per month. Over a year, this is translated to a savings of 16,818 m3 of water or the equivalent of RM 16,782. More recently, between February 2020 and April 2021, the average water saved was 5852 m3 per month or averaging 48.77 % per month, equivalent to about RM34,255. Results also showed enhanced water awareness and better relationships between neighbours. Overall, this project proved that collaboration between government-private sector-NGOs is workable, and the project can be replicated nation-wide in apartments, hotels, factories, universities, and schools.
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Third, K., O. M. Fun, J. Bowen, A. Micenko, V. Grey, and T. Prohasky. "Engineers Without Borders Australia–lessons learned from an innovative approach to the upgrade of water supply infrastructure in Tenganan, Indonesia." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 6 (March 1, 2009): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.042.
Full textAbstract:
The community of Tenganan in eastern Bali, Indonesia, has requested technical assistance from Engineers Without Borders Australia (EWB) to improve the quantity and quality of water delivered through their water supply system. This is a unique development project in which the Tenganan people have identified their own needs and developed their own conceptual solution to the problem. For the first time, EWB is undertaking the design phase for the water system by an off-shore design team and project assistance team (PAT) based in Australia. This allows EWB to draw on resources and experience of EWB members and their employing companies in Australia. It also enables young engineers to develop skills and experience in development work without having to leave the country. However, the innovative approach also presented significant challenges to the project members, particularly in establishing appropriate design criteria and the co-ordination of simultaneous activities across Australia. This paper describes the approach taken by EWB and makes a preliminary assessment of the benefits and limitations inherent in this approach. The overall aim of the project is to produce a successful “bottom-up” development action that will deliver a sustainable solution to the Tenganan community.
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Senbeta, Fekadu, and Yang Shu. "Project Implementation Management Modalities and Their Implications on Sustainability of Water Services in Rural Areas in Ethiopia: Are Community-Managed Projects More Effective?" Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061675.
Full textAbstract:
The study examines the impact of project implementation management approaches on the sustainability outcomes of rural water services in Ethiopia. A random selection of 102 water access points managed by the community, local government, and other external actors (charity and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)) were made to comparatively assess the sustainable outcomes of each. The analysis of the study is based on a unique set of data that constitutes interview results gathered from 612 beneficiary households, observation of 102 water access points, and another set of interviews held with 387 water supply, sanitation, and hygiene committee (WASHCO) members drawn from 102 water supply services. Additionally, document analysis was conducted on the records that were kept by all the 102 WASHCOs. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analysis was employed to assess and test the existence of significant differences among project implementation management approaches. The result showed the existence of a significant difference in most of the sustainability variables among project implementation management modalities under the study. As to the findings, the community-managed project approach generated a relatively higher and statistically significant sustainability outcome as compared to the others. Nevertheless, environmental sustainability indicators lack a statistically significant relationship. Overall, the key findings suggest that, in addition to demand-driven interventions, if the communities are empowered with the management and decision-making role of constructing their water points, the benefits of continuous delivery and sustainability of services can be maximized.