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Journal articles on the topic 'Kerosene heaters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Ragland, Kenneth W., Anders W. Andren, and Jon B. Manchester. "Emissions from unvented kerosene heaters." Science of The Total Environment 46, no. 1-4 (November 1985): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90292-x.

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2

Traynor, Gregory W., James R. Allen, Michael G. Apte, John R. Girman, and Craig D. Hollowell. "Correction. Pollutant Emissions from Portable Kerosene-Fired Space Heaters." Environmental Science & Technology 19, no. 2 (February 1985): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00132a605.

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3

Traynor, Gregory W., Michael G. Apte, Harvey A. Sokol, Jane C. Chuang, W. Gene Tucker, and Judy L. Mumford. "Selected organic pollutant emissions from unvented kerosene space heaters." Environmental Science & Technology 24, no. 8 (August 1990): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00078a017.

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4

Keyanpour-Rad, Mansoor. "Toxic Organic Pollutants from Kerosene Space Heaters in Iran." Inhalation Toxicology 16, no. 3 (January 2004): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958370490270972.

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5

Hanoune, B., and M. Carteret. "Impact of kerosene space heaters on indoor air quality." Chemosphere 134 (September 2015): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.083.

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6

WOODRING, JAMES L., THOMAS L. DUFFY, JOHN T. DAVIS, and RALPH R. BECHTOLD. "Measurements of Combustion Product Emission Factors of Unvented Kerosene Heaters." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 46, no. 7 (July 1985): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668591394969.

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7

Zhou, Yue, and Yung-Sung Cheng. "Characterization of Emissions from Kerosene Heaters in an Unvented Tent." Aerosol Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (December 2000): 510–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786820050195359.

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8

Cheng, Yung-Sung, Yue Zhou, Judith Chow, John Watson, and Clifton Frazier. "Chemical Composition of Aerosols from Kerosene Heaters Burning Jet Fuels." Aerosol Science and Technology 35, no. 6 (January 2001): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027868201753306714.

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9

Zou, Y., Y. S. Cheng, and J. Francis. "Characterization of emissions from unvented kerosene heaters in an army tent." Journal of Aerosol Science 29 (September 1998): S285—S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(98)00427-3.

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10

Khumsaeng, Thipsukon, and Thongchai Kanabkaew. "Measurement of Indoor Air Pollution in Bhutanese Households during Winter: An Implication of Different Fuel Uses." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 9601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179601.

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Measurements of indoor air pollution in Bhutanese households were conducted in winter with regards to the use of different fuels. These measurements were taken in Thimphu, Bhutan, for PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO, temperature, air pressure and relative humidity in houses and offices with various fuels used for heaters and classified as the hospital, NEC, kerosene, LPG and firewood. The objective of this study was to measure the pollutant concentrations from different fuel uses and to understand their relationship to the different fuel uses and meteorological data using a time series and statistical analysis. The results revealed that the average values for each pollutant for the categories of the hospital, NEC, kerosene, LPG and firewood were as follows: CO (ppm) were 6.50 ± 5.16, 3.65 ± 1.42, 31.04 ± 18.17, 33.93 ± 26.41, 13.92 ± 17.58, respectively; PM2.5 (μg·m−3) were 7.24 ± 4.25, 4.72 ± 0.71, 6.01 ± 3.28, 5.39 ± 2.62, 18.31 ± 11.92, respectively; PM10 (μg·m−3) was 25.44 ± 16.06, 10.61 ± 4.39, 11.68 ± 6.36, 22.13 ± 9.95, 28.66 ± 16.35, respectively. Very coarse particles of PM10 were identified by outdoor infiltration for the hospital, NEC, kerosene and LPG that could be explained by the stable atmospheric conditions enhancing accumulation of ambient air pollutions during the measurements. In addition, high concentrations of CO from kerosene, LPG and firewood were found to be mainly from indoor fuel combustion. Firewood was found to the most polluting fuel for particulate matter concentrations. For the relationships of PM and meteorological data (Temp, RH and air pressure), they were well explained by linear regression while those for CO and the meteorological data, they were well explained by polynomial regression. Since around 40% of houses in Thimphu, Bhutan, use firewood for heating, it is recommended that ventilation should be improved by opening doors and windows in houses with firewood heaters to help prevent exposure to high concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10.

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11

Hanoune, Benjamin, Marion Carteret, Corinne Schadkowski, and Aurore Deconinck. "A pilot study of indoor exposure to pollutants from kerosene space heaters." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.o-3-28-02.

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12

Mumford, J. L., J. Lewtas, K. Williams, W. G. Tucker, and G. W. Traynor. "Mutagenicity of organic emissions from unvented kerosene heaters in a chamber study." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 36, no. 2 (June 1992): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399209531629.

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13

NOZAKI, Atsuo, Susumu YOSHIZAWA, and Koichi IKEDA. "EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF NITROGEN OXIDES FROM FLUE-LESS TYPE KEROSENE SPACE HEATERS (PART 1)." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 63, no. 503 (1998): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.63.39_1.

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14

Apte, Michael G., Gregory W. Traynor, Dennis A. Froehlich, Harvey A. Sokol, and Warren K. Porter. "The Impact of Add-on Catalytic Devices on Pollutant Emissions from Unvented Kerosene Heaters." JAPCA 39, no. 9 (September 1989): 1228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466617.

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15

Williams, Ron, Debra Walsh, James White, Merrill Jackson, and Judy Mumford. "Effect on Carbon Monoxide Levels in Mobile Homes Using Unvented Kerosene Heaters for Residential Heating." Indoor Environment 1, no. 5 (September 1992): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x9200100504.

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16

TAKAGI, Yukihiko, Masakazu KAN, Michiko KOYANO, Sumio GOTO, Yukio KATO, Choji KANEUCHI, and Ken-ichi KOHZAKI. "Using Kerosene or Gas Heaters and Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Air Particles." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 50, no. 3 (1997): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma1951.50.169.

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17

Williams, Ron, Debra Walsh, James White, Merrill Jackson, and Judy Mumford. "Effect on Carbon Monoxide Levels in Mobile Homes Using Unvented Kerosene Heaters for Residential Heating." Indoor and Built Environment 1, no. 5 (1992): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463459.

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18

Traynor, G. W., M. G. Apte, A. R. Carruthers, J. F. Dillworth, D. T. Grimsrud, and W. T. Thompson. "Indoor air pollution and inter-room pollutant transport due to unvented kerosene-fired space heaters." Environment International 13, no. 2 (January 1987): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(87)90085-7.

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19

Dong, Jong-In, and Joseph W. Bozzelli. "Benzo(a)pyrene levels in several indoor environments with kerosene heaters and wood-burning fireplaces." Chemosphere 18, no. 9-10 (January 1989): 1829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90467-0.

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20

Storm, D. A., R. J. McKeon, H. L. McKinzie, and C. L. Redus. "Drag Reduction in Heavy Oil." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795973.

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Transporting heavy crude oil by pipeline requires special facilities because the viscosity is so high at normal field temperatures. In some cases the oil is heated with special heaters along the way, while in others the oil may be diluted by as much as 30 percent with kerosene. Commercial drag reducers have not been found to be effective because the single-phase flow is usually laminar to only slightly turbulent. In this work we show the effective viscosity of heavy oils in pipeline flow can be reduced by a factor of 3–4. It is hypothesized that a liquid crystal microstructure can be formed so that thick oil layers slip on thin water layers in the stress field generated by pipeline flow. Experiments in a 1 1/4-in. flow loop with Kern River crude oil and a Venezuela crude oil BCF13 are consistent with this hypothesis. The effect has also been demonstrated under field conditions in a 6-in. flow loop using a mixture of North Sea and Mississippi heavy crude oils containing 10 percent brine.

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21

Valente-Aguiar, Murilo Sérgio, Teresa Magalhães, and Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira. "Suicide by Inhalation of Carbon Monoxide of Car Exhausts Fumes." Current Drug Research Reviews 11, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2589977511666190716165121.

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Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major and ubiquitous component of fire atmospheres produced when organic matter is burned in an inadequate supply of oxygen. Accidental poisoning by CO is common in cold climates where fireplaces, a gas, electric or kerosene heaters or grills are used inside ill-ventilated buildings. In the Brazilian Amazon, with its hot and humid climate, there is no need for the use of heaters and accidents may occur in cases of residential fires or burning of the forests for land use in agriculture. Objective: We present a case of CO suicide of twenty-six-year-old men. Methods: A forensic autopsy was performed to evaluate the circumstances, cause and medio-legal death etiology. Results: Autopsy evidenced the typical but also not commonly published cherry-red color of the hypostasis, lungs and other organs, and the very fluid cherry-red blood. The cause of death was due to a massive CO inhalation. Conclusion: While these poisonings are well recognized, and a vast number of publications on CO toxicity exist, both in an environmental and industrial context, suicide is infrequently encountered in forensic practice and the typical signs are rarely seen in the literature.

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22

Carteret, M., J. F. Pauwels, and B. Hanoune. "Emission factors of gaseous pollutants from recent kerosene space heaters and fuels available in France in 2010." Indoor Air 22, no. 4 (January 19, 2012): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00763.x.

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23

Melia, R. J. W., S. Chinn, and R. J. Rona. "Indoor levels of NO2 associated with gas cookers and kerosene heaters in inner city areas of England." Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere 24, no. 1 (January 1990): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(90)90023-n.

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24

Ruiz, Pablo A., Claudia Toro, Jorge Cáceres, Gianni López, Pedro Oyola, and Petros Koutrakis. "Effect of Gas and Kerosene Space Heaters on Indoor Air Quality: A Study in Homes of Santiago, Chile." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 60, no. 1 (January 2010): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.60.1.98.

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25

NOZAKI, Atsuo, Susumu YOSHIZAWA, and Hiromi KOMINE. "STUDIES ON THE AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION RATE FROM PORTABLE KEROSENE SPACE HEATERS UNDER THE DECREASED INDOOR OXYGEN CONCENTRATION." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 411 (1990): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijax.411.0_9.

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26

Lemak, MPH, Rosalyn. "Carbon monoxide poisoning from devices used in disaster recovery." Journal of Emergency Management 5, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2007.0005.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is responsible for more fatalities in the United States each year than any other toxicant. While CO exposure is a year-round problem, fatal and nonfatal CO exposures occurred more often during the fall and winter months, and the majority of nonfatal CO exposures were reported to occur in the home. Postdisaster CO poisoning is an emerging hazard. Unintentional CO poisonings have been documented after natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, ice storms, and power outages. Overwhelmingly, CO exposure results from common sources such as portable generators, gas grills, kerosene and propane heaters, pressure washers, and charcoal briquettes. Although disaster events are thought to create victims immediately and in great numbers during the initial impact, some disasters are more deadly to people during the recovery phase, when people are thinking the disaster is over. More are injured during the cleanup phase than from the storm itself.

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27

Hussein, Tareq, Ali Alameer, Omar Jaghbeir, Kolthoum Albeitshaweesh, Mazen Malkawi, Brandon E. Boor, Antti Joonas Koivisto, Jakob Löndahl, Osama Alrifai, and Afnan Al-Hunaiti. "Indoor Particle Concentrations, Size Distributions, and Exposures in Middle Eastern Microenvironments." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010041.

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There is limited research on indoor air quality in the Middle East. In this study, concentrations and size distributions of indoor particles were measured in eight Jordanian dwellings during the winter and summer. Supplemental measurements of selected gaseous pollutants were also conducted. Indoor cooking, heating via the combustion of natural gas and kerosene, and tobacco/shisha smoking were associated with significant increases in the concentrations of ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles. Particle number (PN) and particle mass (PM) size distributions varied with the different indoor emission sources and among the eight dwellings. Natural gas cooking and natural gas or kerosene heaters were associated with PN concentrations on the order of 100,000 to 400,000 cm−3 and PM2.5 concentrations often in the range of 10 to 150 µg/m3. Tobacco and shisha (waterpipe or hookah) smoking, the latter of which is common in Jordan, were found to be strong emitters of indoor ultrafine and fine particles in the dwellings. Non-combustion cooking activities emitted comparably less PN and PM2.5. Indoor cooking and combustion processes were also found to increase concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds. In general, concentrations of indoor particles were lower during the summer compared to the winter. In the absence of indoor activities, indoor PN and PM2.5 concentrations were generally below 10,000 cm−3 and 30 µg/m3, respectively. Collectively, the results suggest that Jordanian indoor environments can be heavily polluted when compared to the surrounding outdoor atmosphere primarily due to the ubiquity of indoor combustion associated with cooking, heating, and smoking.

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28

NOZAKI, Atsuo, and Susumu YOSHIZAWA. "STUDIES ON THE AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION RATE FROM PORTABLE KEROSENE SPACE HEATERS UNDER THE DECREASED INDOOR OXYGEN CONCENTRATION(PART 2)." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 429 (1991): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijax.429.0_17.

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29

Tokiwa, Hiroshi, Reiko Nakagawa, and Kazumi Horikawa. "Mutagenic/carcinogenic agents in indoor pollutants; the dinitropyrenes generated by kerosene heaters and fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas burners." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 157, no. 1 (July 1985): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(85)90047-3.

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30

Amagai, Takashi, Takeshi Ohura, Tomohiko Sugiyama, Masahiro Fusaya, and Hidetsuru Matsushita. "Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Determination of Benzene and Its Alkyl Derivatives in Indoor and Outdoor Air in Fuji, Japan." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.1.203.

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Abstract An analytical method was established for the determination of benzene and 13 of its alkyl derivatives. The method was applied to a survey of indoor pollution that investigated the usefulness of the method, concentration levels, seasonal variations, profiles, correlations between compounds, and factors that affected indoor pollution by these compounds. The survey was performed in 21 houses in the summer of 1999 and 20 houses in the winter of 1999–2000 in Fuji, Japan. All the target compounds were detected in the indoor and outdoor air of all houses. Outdoor concentrations of benzene ranged from 0.779 to 3.17 μg/m3 in summer and from 1.35 to 6.04 μg/m3 in winter, whereas indoor concentrations of benzene ranged from 0.694 to 3.11 μg/m3 in summer and from 1.65 to 6.89 μg/m3 in winter. Indoor concentrations of the target compounds, except for benzene, were elevated, compared with outdoor concentrations. Because indoor and outdoor concentrations of benzene and its derivatives in summer were lower than in winter, the emission of these compounds may be increased by use of a heater and other variables present in winter. Profiles of the compounds, correlations between the compounds, and factors that affected indoor pollution (determined by multiple regression analysis) were investigated. These results suggested that indoor benzene predominantly penetrated from outdoors and that other benzene derivatives were emitted from indoor sources, such as paint solvents and kerosene heaters.

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31

NOZAKI, Atsuo, Tomoaki ORIKASA, and Susumu YOSHIZAWA. "VOCs EMISSIONS FROM UNVENTED KEROSENE-FIRED SPACE HEATERS : A study on the emission of gaseous pollutants from unvented combustion appliances (Part 1)." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 70, no. 591 (2005): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.70.31_2.

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32

Sharke, Paul. "Not Even the Kitchen Sink." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 08 (August 1, 2004): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-aug-6.

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This article focuses on the increasing commercial application of capillary force vaporization. Possibilities range from fuel oil burners to the sophisticated kerosene heaters that are popular in Japan. A new stove will introduce capillary force vaporizing as a way of atomizing fuel, stepping away from cartridge and metal-tank stoves that dominate the market. Researchers in the United States are also exploring the technology’s suitability to diesel and homogeneous charge compression (HCCI) ignition and engines. A capillary force vaporizer’s ability to vaporize low-volatility diesel fuel at atmospheric temperatures and pressures gives the technology an edge over air-assist or other methods that produce small droplets. A capillary force vaporizer could be applied to a Heel engine in the manifold between turbocharger and intake valves or a vaporizer could be installed in the combustion chamber itself. Jetboil Inc. of Guild, N.H., integrated a pot, burner, heat exchanger, canister, and insulator into a single unit to promote efficient fuel use. As a result, the stove uses less fuel in the field, which is about half that of a conventional pot-and-stove setup that lacks an engineered interface.

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33

Leaderer, B. P., L. Naeher, T. Jankun, K. Balenger, T. R. Holford, C. Toth, J. Sullivan, J. M. Wolfson, and P. Koutrakis. "Indoor, outdoor, and regional summer and winter concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO4(2)-, H+, NH4+, NO3-, NH3, and nitrous acid in homes with and without kerosene space heaters." Environmental Health Perspectives 107, no. 3 (March 1999): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.99107223.

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34

NOZAKI, Atsuo, Susumu YOSHIZAWA, Koichi IKEDA, Tatehisa IRIE, and Masahiro HORI. "EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS FROM DOMESTIC FLUE-LESS KEROSENE HEATERS (Part 1) : Studies on the indoor air pollution by volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde (Part 1)." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 64, no. 517 (1999): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.64.45_1.

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35

Kulick, R., S. Selbsl, F. Henretlg, and D. Baker. "KEROSENE HEATER INJURIES IN CHILDREN." Pediatric Emergency Care 4, no. 4 (December 1988): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-198812000-00034.

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36

Ohnishi, Y., T. Kinouchi, and H. Tsutsui. "Mutagenicity and nitropyrene content in indoor air heated with a kerosene heater." Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 147, no. 5 (October 1985): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(85)90108-6.

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37

Leaderer, Brian P., Luke Naeher, Thomas Jankun, Kathleen Balenger, Theodore R. Holford, Cindy Toth, Jim Sullivan, Jack M. Wolfson, and Petros Koutrakis. "Indoor, Outdoor, and Regional Summer and Winter Concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 4 2- , H + , NH 4 + , NO 3 - , NH 3 , and Nitrous Acid in Homes with and without Kerosene Space Heaters." Environmental Health Perspectives 107, no. 3 (March 1999): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3434513.

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38

SELBST, STEVEN M., ROY KULICK, FRED HENRETIG, and M. DOUGLAS BAKER. "Kerosene heater-related injuries in children." Pediatric Emergency Care 12, no. 2 (April 1996): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199604000-00003.

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39

Chen, Lung Chi, Qingshan Qu, and Terry Gordon. "Respiratory Effects of Kerosene Space Heater Emissions." Inhalation Toxicology 8, no. 1 (January 1996): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958379609005426.

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40

Lionel, Trudy, Richard J. Martin, and Nancy J. Brown. "A comparative study of combustion in kerosine heaters." Environmental Science & Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1986): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00143a010.

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41

Hu, Jiangyu, Ning Wang, Jin Zhou, and Yu Pan. "A Parametrical Study on Convective Heat Transfer between High-Temperature Gas and Regenerative Cooling Panel." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061784.

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Thermal protection is still one of the key challenges for successful scramjet operations. In this study, the three-dimensional coupled heat transfer between high-temperature gas and regenerative cooling panel with kerosene of supercritical pressure flowing in the cooling channels was numerically investigated to reveal the fundamental characteristics of regenerative cooling as well as its influencing factors. The SST k-ω turbulence model with low-Reynolds-number correction provided by the pressure-based solver of Fluent 19.2 is adopted for simulation. It was found that the heat flux of the gas heated surface is in the order of 106 W/m2, and it declines along the flow direction of gas due to the development of boundary layer. Compared with cocurrent flow, the temperature peak of the gas heated surface in counter flow is much higher. The temperature and heat flux of the gas heated surface both rises with the static pressure and total temperature of gas. The heat flux of the gas heated surface increases with the mass flow rate of kerosene, and it hardly changes with the pressure of kerosene. Results herein could help to understand the real heat transfer process of regenerative cooling and guide the design of thermal protection systems.

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42

Dong, J. I., Kashi Banerjee, and Joseph W. Bozzelli. "Total hydrocarbon pollutants from a non‐vented radiant kerosene heater." International Journal of Environmental Studies 32, no. 1 (October 1988): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207238808710447.

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43

Yan, Jianguo, Shouchun Liu, Pengcheng Guo, and Qincheng Bi. "Experiments on Heat Transfer of Supercritical Pressure Kerosene in Mini Tube under Ultra-High Heat Fluxes." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051229.

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Heat transfer of supercritical-pressure kerosene is crucial for regenerative cooling systems in rocket engines. In this study, experiments were devoted to measure the heat transfer of supercritical-pressure kerosene under ultra-high heat fluxes. The kerosene flowed horizontally in a mini circular tube with a 1.0 mm inner diameter and was heated uniformly under pressures of 10–25 MPa, mass fluxes of 8600–51,600 kg/m2 s, and a maximum heat flux of up to 33.6 MW/m2. The effects of the operating parameters on the heat transfer of supercritical-pressure kerosene were discussed. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficient of kerosene increases at a higher mass flux and inlet bulk temperature, but is little affected by pressure. The heat transfer of supercritical-pressure kerosene is classified into two regions: normal heat transfer and enhanced heat transfer. When the wall temperature exceeds a certain value, heat transfer is enhanced, which could be attributed to pseudo boiling. This phenomenon is more likely to occur under higher heat flux and lower mass flux conditions. In addition, the experimental data were compared with several existing heat transfer correlations, in which one of these correlations can relatively well predict the heat transfer of supercritical-pressure kerosene. The results drawn from this study could be beneficial to the regenerative cooling technology for rocket engines.

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44

Leaderer, Brian P., Patricia M. Boone, and S. Katharine Hammond. "Total particle, sulfate, and acidic aerosol emissions from kerosine space heaters." Environmental Science & Technology 24, no. 6 (June 1990): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00076a020.

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45

Diatin, Iis, and Ganang Arytra Dwirosyadha. "ANALISIS FINANSIAL PENGGUNAAN LAMPU PETROMAK SEBAGAI PEMANAS PADA BUDIDAYA PEMBENIHAN IKAN PATIN." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 4, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v4i2.5831.

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Kegiatan pembenihan ikan patin, terutama dalam usaha skala kecil pada umumnya menggunakan kompor minyak tanah sebagai pemanas ruangan, agar tingkat kematian benih dapat ditekan. Kenaikan harga minyak tanah akhir-akhir ini, bahkan hilangnya minyak tanah di beberapa tempat, menjadi kendala dalam kegiatan pembenihan ikan patin ini. Oleh karena itu perlu dicari alternatif teknologi pengganti yang lebih efisien dalam penggunaan minyak tanah; dalam hal ini, menggunakan lampu petromak. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara finansial penggunaan lampu petromak sebagai pemanas ruangan pembenihan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa selama setahun dengan menggunakan kompor minyak tanah mampu memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 52.996.455,56, nilai R/C sebesar 1,97 dan payback period selama 1,73 tahun. Sedangkan analisis usaha dengan menggunakan lampu petromak, diperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp. 60.556.455,56, nilai R/C sebesar 2,28 dan payback period selama 1,52 tahun. Analisis finansial menghasilkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 695.550.355,5, Net B/C sebesar 27,69% dan nilai IRR 457,26%. Usaha pembenihan ikan patin dengan menggunakan pemanas lampu petromak ini menjadi tidak layak untuk diusahakan jika terjadi kenaikan harga minyak tanah sebesar 1.161,87%, kenaikan harga pakan sebesar 1.228,65% dan penurunan harga benih sebesar 98,57%. Tittle: Financial Analysis of the used ‘Petromak’ as a Heater in Catfish HatcheryCatfish hatchery, especially in small-scale business is generally using primus stove as column heater in order to reduce mortality of seed produced. An increase in the price of kerosene recently, even the dissapearing kerosene in some place, has been becoming a constraint in this catfish hatchery. Therefore, an alternative technology by using ‘petromak’ in order to reduce the use of kerosene was taken into place. So that, this research was aimed to analyse financially the use of petromak lamp as room heater in hatchery. Results showed that the use of primus stove in hatchery enables to generate profit of Rp 52,996,455.56, a RC-ratio of 1.97 and payback period of 1.73 years. Meanwhile, the use of ‘petromak’ lamp enables to generate profit of Rp 60,556,455.56, a RC-ratio of 2.28 and payback period of 1.52 years. Financially, the latter produces NPV of Rp 695,550,355.5, net BC-ratio of 27.69% and IRR of 457.26%. The business will be loss whenever price of kerosene increases 1,161.87% or price of feed increases 1,228.65% or price of seed decreases 98.57%.

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46

Bozzelli, Joseph W., Barbara Kebbekus, and Catherine Bobenhausen. "Analysis of selected volatile organic compounds associated with residential kerosene heater use." International Journal of Environmental Studies 49, no. 2 (December 1995): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207239508711014.

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Yang, Kai, Zhen-Guo Wang, Yu Pan, and Ning Wang. "Experimental investigation of the expansion characteristics of vaporized kerosene jets in a quiescent atmospheric environment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 896–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019892682.

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In this paper, the time-averaged and instantaneous information of the vaporized kerosene jet injection into a quiescent atmospheric environment, including the expansion angle, deflection angle and shock wave structure, were acquired by natural light and a schlieren system. The results show that the jet expansion angle increases first and then decreases during the kerosene vaporization, which is mainly governed by the pressure change inside the shear layer and the variation in the jet axial speed. Compared with straight injection, the oblique scheme inhibits the jet expansion process and enhances the expansion property in the vertical and parallel directions of the bevel face. Because of the asymmetric configuration of the injector exit and the adsorptive effect of the bevel face, the jet plume in the oblique injection scheme obviously deflects along the axial direction. In addition, the expansion angle fluctuates when the vaporized kerosene is injected into some specific conditions. The frequency of the jet pulse is approximately 2.1 Hz, and the pulsation mode gradually converts during the vaporization process. The two-phase flow instability occurring in upstream heated kerosene might be responsible for this unique phenomenon.

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NOZAKI, Atsuo, Yasunori NARITA, Hisato NISHINA, Yusuke ICHIJYO, and Yuki YAMASHITA. "Study on the indoor air pollution caused by unvented kerosene fired space heater." Indoor Environment 18, no. 1 (2015): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7879/siej.18.33.

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NISHINO, Atsushi, Tadashi SUZUKI, Yasuhiro TAKEUCHI, and Yukiyoshi ONO. "Combustion performance of kerosene space heater with molded catalyst bound by calcium aluminate." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 66, no. 4 (1987): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.66.278.

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Cho, HeeJung, In Hyok Choi, and HoonGoo Kim. "Emergence of Paseco as a Global Appliance Company from a Kerosene Heater Wick Manufacturer." Korea Association of Business Education 31, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.23839/kabe.2016.31.6.173.

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