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Journal articles on the topic 'Ketones'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Qiao, Yue, Zhaohua Gao, Yong Liu, et al. "Breath Ketone Testing: A New Biomarker for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Diabetic Ketosis." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/869186.

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Background. Acetone,β-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid are three types of ketone body that may be found in the breath, blood, and urine. Detecting altered concentrations of ketones in the breath, blood, and urine is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of different detection methods for ketones, and to establish whether detection of the concentration of ketones in the breath is an effective and practical technique.Methods. We measured the concentrations of acetone in the breath using gas chromatography-mass s

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2

Erica, S. Forzani. "Breath Acetone as Biomarker for Lipid Oxidation and Early Ketone Detection." Global Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome 1, no. 1 (2014): 012–19. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8583.000003.

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Former ketone studies, including ketoacidosis (KAD), fasting ketosis (FK), nutritional ketosis (NK), and exercis-eaffected ketosis have brought great advances to the field of ketones. In the present work, blood, urine and breath ketone detections were evaluated systematically. We found that breath ketone (acetone) is the ketone of choice for detecting early stages of ketosis. In addition, acetone was correlated with respiratory quotient, and found to be a highly sensitive non-invasive biomarker of lipid oxidation. Furthermore, acetone was used for fast screening of ketosis or ketoacidosis in p

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3

Taylor, Robert M., and Justin T. Baca. "Feasibility of Interstitial Fluid Ketone Monitoring with Microneedles." Metabolites 12, no. 5 (2022): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050424.

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most dangerous and costly complications of diabetes, accounting for approximately 50% of deaths in diabetic individuals under 24 years. This results in over 130,000 hospital admissions yearly and costs the USA over USD 2.4 billion annually. Earlier diagnosis, treatment, and management of DKA are of critical importance to achieving better patient outcomes and preventing prolonged hospital admissions. Diabetic patients undergoing stress from illness or injury may not recognize early ketosis and often present advanced ketoacidosis, requiring intensive car

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Basdevant, Benoit, Audrey-Anne Guilbault, Samuel Beaulieu, Antoine Jobin-Des Lauriers та Claude Y. Legault. "Iodine(III)-mediated synthesis of chiral α-substituted ketones: recent advances and mechanistic insights". Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, № 6 (2017): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1212.

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AbstractThe development of iodine(III)-mediated synthetic transformations has received growing interest, in particular to mediate enantioselective processes. In this class, the α-tosyloxylation of ketone derivatives using iodine(III) is a particularly powerful one, as it yields α-tosyloxy ketones – versatile chiral precursors that enable rapid access to numerous α-chiral ketones through nucleophilic displacement. Despite years of research from numerous groups, the enantioselectivities for this transformation have remained modest. Using quantum chemical calculations, we have uncovered a possibl

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Dong, Guangbin, Hee Lim та Dong Xing. "Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Ketone α-Alkylation and Alkenylation with Simple Alkenes and Alkynes through a Dual Activation Strategy". Synlett 30, № 06 (2018): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610315.

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In this personal account, we summarize our investigations on the α-alkylation and α-alkenylation reactions of ketones with nonactivated alkenes and alkynes, respectively. The serendipitous discovery of C–H alkylation/alkenylation of cyclic 1,2-diketones provided a proof of concept for a dual activation strategy. Extension to the α-alkylation and α-alkenylation of regular ketones was achieved by using 7-azaindoline as a bifunctional ligand. Subsequently, intramolecular coupling between ketones and olefins was achieved with Rh- and Ru-based systems, respectively. Finally, branched-selective α-a

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Goffinet, Line, Thierry Barrea, Véronique Beauloye, and Philippe A. Lysy. "Blood versus urine ketone monitoring in a pediatric cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes: a crossover study." Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 8, no. 1-2 (2016): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018816681706.

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Background: The aim of our study was to determine the influence of routine ketone monitoring on hyperglycemic events (HE) and ketosis in youngsters with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Our single-site, controlled and randomized study was conducted on children and adolescents with T1D outside of remission phase. During two crossover periods of 6 months, patients ( n = 22) experiencing HE tested ketones alternatively with a blood ketone meter or urine ketone test strips and gave their opinion on screening methods after completion of clinical trial. Moreover, we evaluated levels of awareness of k

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Ma, Shuai, Yunyun Li, Rigu Su, et al. "Ketones in Low-Temperature Oxidation Products of Crude Oil." Processes 11, no. 6 (2023): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061664.

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Ketone compounds are oxidation products of crude oil in the in-situ combustion (ISC) process. Revealing the molecular composition of ketones can provide theoretical guidance for understanding the oxidation process of crude oil and valuable clues for studying the combustion state of crude oil in the reservoir. In this study, low-temperature oxidation (LTO) processes were simulated in thermal oxidation experiments to obtain thermally oxidized oil at different temperatures (170 °C, 220 °C, 270 °C, and 320 °C). A combination of chemical derivatization and positive-ion electrospray (ESI) Fourier tr

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8

Januś, E., and D. Borkowska. "Occurrence of ketone bodies in the urine of cows during the first three months after calving and their association with milk yield." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (2013): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-057.

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Abstract. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of lactation number, month after calving, body condition at calving, milk yield and feeding season on the frequency and intensity of occurrence of ketone bodies in the urine during the first trimester after calving of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows cows with average annual milk yield of about 7,000 kg. It was also evaluated how the presence of ketone bodies in the urine of cows was associated with their milk production and the course of lactation. 479 urine samples were collected from the cows. The samples were tested using KRULAB test str

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9

Bentourkia, M'hamed, Sébastien Tremblay, Fabien Pifferi, Jacques Rousseau, Roger Lecomte, and Stephen Cunnane. "PET study of 11C-acetoacetate kinetics in rat brain during dietary treatments affecting ketosis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, no. 4 (2009): E796—E801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90644.2008.

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Normally, the brain's fuel is glucose, but during fasting it increasingly relies on ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone) produced in liver mitochondria from fatty acid β-oxidation. Although moderately raised blood ketones produced on a very high fat ketogenic diet have important clinical effects on the brain, including reducing seizures, ketone metabolism by the brain is still poorly understood. The aim of the present work was to assess brain uptake of carbon-11-labeled acetoacetate (11C-acetoacetate) by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the intact, living rat. To

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10

Babu, Kaki Raveendra, Xin He, and Silong Xu. "Lewis Base Catalysis Based on Homoconjugate Addition: Rearrangement of Electron-Deficient Cyclopropanes and Their Derivatives." Synlett 31, no. 02 (2019): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690753.

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Cyclopropane is one of the most reactive functionalities owing to its intrinsic ring strain. Transition-metal catalysis and Lewis acid catalysis have been extensively used in ring openings of cyclopropanes; however, Lewis base-catalyzed activation of cyclopropanes remains largely unexplored. Upon nucleophilic attack with Lewis bases, cyclopropanes undergo ring cleavage in a manner known as homoconjugate addition to form zwitterionic intermediates, which have significant potential for reaction development but have garnered little attention. Here, we present a brief overview of this area, with a

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Fan, Lulu, Shinobu Takizawa, Yoshiki Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Takenaka та Hiroaki Sasai. "Pd-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular α-arylation of α-substituted cyclic ketones: facile synthesis of functionalized chiral spirobicycles". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, № 17 (2015): 4837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob00382b.

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Synthesis of chiral spirocyclic ketones was accomplishedviathe Pd-catalyzed intramolecular α-arylation of α-substituted cyclic ketones. The obtained spirocyclic ketone could be converted into an acid–base organocatalyst.

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12

Wood, Thomas R., Brianna J. Stubbs, and Sandra E. Juul. "Exogenous Ketone Bodies as Promising Neuroprotective Agents for Developmental Brain Injury." Developmental Neuroscience 40, no. 5-6 (2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499563.

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Ketone bodies are a promising area of neuroprotection research that may be ideally suited to the injured newborn. During normal development, the human infant is in significant ketosis for at least the first week of life. Ketone uptake and metabolism is upregulated in the both the fetus and neonate, with ketone bodies providing at least 10% of cerebral metabolic energy requirements, as well as being the preferred precursors for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. At the same time, ketone bodies have been shown to have multiple neuroprotective effects, including being anticonvulsant, d

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Courchesne-Loyer, Alexandre, Etienne Croteau, Christian-Alexandre Castellano, Valérie St-Pierre, Marie Hennebelle, and Stephen C. Cunnane. "Inverse relationship between brain glucose and ketone metabolism in adults during short-term moderate dietary ketosis: A dual tracer quantitative positron emission tomography study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 7 (2016): 2485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16669366.

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Ketones (principally β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate (AcAc)) are an important alternative fuel to glucose for the human brain, but their utilisation by the brain remains poorly understood. Our objective was to use positron emission tomography (PET) to assess the impact of diet-induced moderate ketosis on cerebral metabolic rate of acetoacetate (CMRa) and glucose (CMRglc) in healthy adults. Ten participants (35 ± 15 y) received a very high fat ketogenic diet (KD) (4.5:1; lipid:protein plus carbohydrates) for four days. CMRa and CMRglc were quantified by PET before and after the KD with the t

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Mekonnen, Habtamu Gelaw, Debasis Sahoo, Samaresh Jana, and Sanjoy Kumar Maji. "Exploration of Mesyl Chloride in a One Pot Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Ketones." Current Organocatalysis 7, no. 3 (2020): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213337207999200611160509.

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Background: Due to the ubiquitous nature of the ketone functionality, it is considered an important functional group in organic chemistry. Hence, the synthesis of ketones from readily available starting materials is an important chemical transformation in organic synthesis. Consequently, several research efforts have been reported in the literature for the transformation of carboxylic acids to ketones in a one-pot synthesis. However, some of the procedures have limitations, such as long reaction times, harsh reaction conditions, and usage of expensive metal catalysts. Thus, a simple and conven

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Ayyappan, Prathapan, Tricia D. Larsen, Tyler C. T. Gandy, Eli J. Louwagie, and Michelle L. Baack. "Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and High-Fat Diet on Postnatal Myocardial Ketone Body Metabolism in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043684.

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Infants exposed to diabetic pregnancy are at higher risk of cardiomyopathy at birth and early onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) as adults. Using a rat model, we showed how fetal exposure to maternal diabetes causes cardiac disease through fuel-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, and that a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) exaggerates the risk. Diabetic pregnancy increases circulating maternal ketones which can have a cardioprotective effect, but whether diabetes-mediated complex I dysfunction impairs myocardial metabolism of ketones postnatally remains unknown. The objective of this study was to

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16

Newport, Mary. "Review of Strategies to Overcome Brain Insulin Resistance Through Mild Nutritional Ketosis for Alzheimer's and Mild Cognitive Impairment." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab049_025.

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Abstract Objectives Insulin resistance with abnormal glucose uptake in the brain and inflammation are key pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD), related dementias, and in some people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Mild nutritional ketosis could provide therapeutic benefit since ketones are an alternative fuel to glucose through production of adenosine triphosphate via the Kreb's cycle and have anti-inflammatory effects. Methods Ketone uptake is normal in brain regions affected by abnormal glucose uptake in AD (Castellano, et al. J Alzheim Dis 2015). Ketones are anti-inflammatory and l

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17

Sk, Md Raja, and Modhu Sudan Maji. "Cobalt(iii)-catalyzed ketone-directed C–H vinylation using vinyl acetate." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 1 (2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo01164a.

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Weakly coordinating, ketone-directed C–H vinylation using vinyl acetate is reported here for a wide range of aromatic ketones such as acetophenones, diaryl ketones, chromones and chalcones under cost-effective and air-stable cobalt(iii)-catalysis.

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Thiyagarajan, Subramanian, та Chidambaram Gunanathan. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Direct Cross-Coupling of Secondary Alcohols to β-Disubstituted Ketones". Synlett 30, № 18 (2019): 2027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611912.

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The β-disubstituted ketone functionality is prevalent in biologically active compounds and in pharmaceuticals. A ruthenium-catalyzed direct synthesis of β-disubstituted ketones by cross-coupling of two different secondary alcohols is reported. This new protocol was applied to the synthesis of variety of β-disubstituted ketones from various cyclic, acyclic, symmetrical, and unsymmetrical secondary alcohols. An amine–amide metal–ligand cooperation in a Ru catalyst facilitates the activation and formation of covalent bonds in selective sequences to provide the products. Kinetic and deuterium-labe

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Nelson, Thomas, Gillian Gresham, Amelia Welborn, et al. "QOLP-20. DIETARY, ACTIVITY, AND QUALITY OF LIFE METRICS IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA IMPLEMENTING A KETOGENIC DIET: RESULTS OF A PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (2021): vi187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.741.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet (KD) may limit neoplastic growth, but limited data exist regarding the effect of KD on daily activity, cognition, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) for patients with glioblastoma. METHODS Newly diagnosed GBM patients participating in a single-arm phase 1 trial of a 16-week KD plus standard-of-care measured BID blood glucose and ketone levels (Keto-Mojo), captured continuous activity data (Fitbit), and completed quality-of-life (QLQ30) surveys and Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA) at baseline, Week 8, and study en

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Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R., Anar Amgalan, Syed Fahad Sultan, et al. "Diet modulates brain network stability, a biomarker for brain aging, in young adults." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (2020): 6170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913042117.

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Epidemiological studies suggest that insulin resistance accelerates progression of age-based cognitive impairment, which neuroimaging has linked to brain glucose hypometabolism. As cellular inputs, ketones increase Gibbs free energy change for ATP by 27% compared to glucose. Here we test whether dietary changes are capable of modulating sustained functional communication between brain regions (network stability) by changing their predominant dietary fuel from glucose to ketones. We first established network stability as a biomarker for brain aging using two large-scale (n= 292, ages 20 to 85 y

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Soejana, Firman Arief, Erliza Hambali, and Obie Farobie. "Synthesis of Ketones from Palm Fatty Acids Over Layered Double Hydroxide Mg/Al/Cu Catalyst." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1187, no. 1 (2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1187/1/012047.

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Abstract The synthesis of ketones from C18:1 fatty acid using the fatty acid decarboxylation method has been carried out to increase the added value of oil palm derivative products. One of the derivative products of palm oil is Crude Palm Oil, which can be converted into fatty acids through the triglyceride hydrolysis process. Currently, palm oil fatty acids are the most potential environmentally friendly raw material in Indonesia. This research aims to synthesize ketones from palm oil fatty acids under different fatty acid types and catalyst concentrations. Ketone compounds were synthesized u

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P., Ananthakrishna Nadar, and Renuga V. "Study of substituent effects in substituted dibenzal acetones." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 83, Dec 2006 (2006): 1219–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5833960.

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Krishna Engineering College, Chennai-600 134, India Department of Chemistry, P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004, Tamilnadu, india E-mail : chem_renu@yahoo.co.in <em>Manuscript received 4 July 2005, accepted 16 October 2006</em> The present work involves a detailed study of the ultra-violet absorption spectra of various substituted dibenzylidene ketones derived from acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone by condensing with several <em>meta</em>- and <em>para</em>-substituted benzaldehydes in <em>\(n\)</em>-hexane and in

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23

Manikyamba, Prerepa. "Structural effects in the oxidation of ketones by acid iodate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 6 (1991): 1279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911279.

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The kinetics of oxidation of aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl alkyl ketones by acid iodate has been studied in aqueous methanol medium. The reaction exhibits first order dependence each on [iodate] and [ketone]. The reaction is acid catalysed and a medium of low dielectric constant is favourable for the oxidation process. The oxidation rates are slower than the enolisation rates of the ketones. The mechanism proposed involves rate limiting attack of IO+2 on the enol form of the ketone leading to the formation of an intermediate carbonium ion which undergoes solvolysis, ultimately leading to the f

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Dörr, Aurélie A., and William D. Lubell. "Homoallylic ketones and pyrroles by way of copper-catalyzed cascade additions of alkyl-substituted vinyl Grignard reagents to esters." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 11 (2007): 1006–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-114.

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Exploring the scope of the copper-catalyzed cascade addition of vinyl Grignard reagents to carboxylic esters, a set of substituted homoallylic ketones (γ,δ-unsaturated ketones) have been synthesized in 11%–94% yields from treatment of methyl 4-methoxybenzoate and methyl N-Boc-β-alaninate with different methyl-, dimethyl-, and phenyl-substituted vinyl Grignard reagents in the presence of catalytic amounts of CuCN in THF. The respective 2,4-di-, 2,3,5-tri-, and 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrroles were obtained in 47%–93% yields from the homoallylic ketones by a sequence featuring ozonolysis follow

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Shen, Zican, Chen Li, Brandon Q. Mercado, and Jonathan A. Ellman. "Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Three-Component C–H Bond Addition to Butadiene and Activated Ketones." Synthesis 52, no. 08 (2019): 1239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690741.

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A highly diastereoselective three-component C–H bond addition across butadiene and activated ketones is described. This transformation provides homoallylic tertiary alcohols through the formation of two C–C σ-bonds and with complete selectivity for an E-alkene isomer. The reaction exhibits good scope with respect to activated ketone inputs, including highly strained cyclic and electron-deficient cyclic and acyclic ketones. Additionally, high diastereoselectivities were achieved for alcohols prepared from unsymmetrical ketones.

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Guerin, B., and L. J. Johnston. "Laser flash photolysis studies of 2,4,6-trialkylphenyl ketones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 3 (1989): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-074.

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2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzophenone (3), 2,4,6–trimethylbenzophenone (4), and 2,4,6-trimethylacetophenone (5) have been examined by laser flash photolysis. Relatively long-lived triplets compared to similar mono-alkyl substituted ketones have been observed for each (280 ns, >2 μs and 220 ns in acetronitrile for 3, 4 and 5, respectively). Photoenol intermediates with λmax 360 nm and 380 nm were also observed from ketones 3 and 5, respectively. Ketone 3 yielded a mixture of approximately equal amounts of Z and E enols in hexane. The Z enol had a lifetime of ~4 μs while the E enol did not decay app

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Maya, Kadek, Iswari Pauzi, and Siti Zaetun. "Effect of Carbohydrate Diet Program on Urine Ketone Positivity with A Long Time on A Diet of One until Three Years." THRIVE Health Science Journal 1, no. 1 (2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56566/thrive.v1i1.165.

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Carbohydrate diet is a diet pattern that reduces carbohydrate consumption. Therefore, the body will use fat as an alternative energy source. The continuous use of fat causes the accumulation of fatty acids so it is often the cause of ketone positivity in the urine. Objective: Find out the effect of a carbohydrate diet program on the positivity of urine ketones. Method this research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was urine from respondents who had been on a carbohydrate diet for 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, then urine ketones were examined u

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Rukh, Mah, Aqsa Naeem, Syed Bilal Hussain, and Muhammad Imran Qadir. "To Evaluate the Link Between Ketones in Urine and Perfume Allergy." Mediterranean Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 06, no. 03 (2022): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46382/mjbas.2022.6307.

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This study presents the relation between perfume allergy and presence of ketones in urine. When glucose level is low in our body or we don’t have enough insulin to absorb glucose then our body compensate by start breaking fats to provide energy and ketone are produced as a byproduct. The normal value of ketone in urine is less than 0.06mmol/L. Ketones are normally present in blood and urine but an increased value shows acidosis that can be fatal. Some people love scents. Perfumes contain certain chemicals that can cause allergy. The most common one is contact allergic dermatitis. The most comm

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Mah, Rukh, Naeem Aqsa, Bilal Hussain Syed, and Imran Qadir Muhammad. "To Evaluate the Link Between Ketones in Urine and Perfume Allergy." Mediterranean Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (MJBAS) 6, no. 3 (2022): 55–57. https://doi.org/10.46382/MJBAS.2022.6307.

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This study presents the relation between perfume allergy and presence of ketones in urine. When glucose level is low in our body or we don’t have enough insulin to absorb glucose then our body compensate by start breaking fats to provide energy and ketone are produced as a byproduct. The normal value of ketone in urine is less than 0.06mmol/L. Ketones are normally present in blood and urine but an increased value shows acidosis that can be fatal. Some people love scents. Perfumes contain certain chemicals that can cause allergy. The most common one is contact allergic dermatitis. The mos

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Selvaraj, Senthil, Daniel P. Kelly, and Kenneth B. Margulies. "Implications of Altered Ketone Metabolism and Therapeutic Ketosis in Heart Failure." Circulation 141, no. 22 (2020): 1800–1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.045033.

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Despite existing therapy, patients with heart failure (HF) experience substantial morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgent need to identify novel pathophysiological mechanisms and therapies, as well. Traditional models for pharmacological intervention have targeted neurohormonal axes and hemodynamic disturbances in HF. However, several studies have now highlighted the potential for ketone metabolic modulation as a promising treatment paradigm. During the pathophysiological progression of HF, the failing heart reduces fatty acid and glucose oxidation, with associated increases in ketone

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Falkenhain, Kaja, Ali Daraei, Scott Forbes та Jonathan Little. "Effects of Exogenous Ketones on Blood β-OHB and Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac057.006.

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Abstract Objectives Exogenous ketone (monoester or salt) supplements are increasingly being employed for a variety of research purposes and marketed amongst the general public for their ability to raise blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB). Emerging research suggests a blood glucose-lowering effect of exogenous ketones. Here, we systematically review and meta-analyze the available evidence of trials reporting on exogenous ketones and blood glucose. Methods We searched 6 electronic databases on December 13, 2021 for trials of any length that reported on the use of exogenous ketones compared to a

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Hikmah Hikmah and Tuti Suparyati. "Gambaran Kadar Glukosa, Keton dan Protein pada Urin Pernderita Diabetes Mellitus." Jurnal Medika Husada 4, no. 1 (2024): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.59744/jumeha.v4i1.65.

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The presence of glucose in the urine because the sugar in the blood is normal so that the kidneys cannot excrete and excrete it through urine. The ketones in the urine is caused by the capacity of the tissues to use ketones is sufficient, and excreted into the urine, and if the ability of the kidneys to excrete ketones has exceeded the limit, then ketonuria occurs. Protein in the urine is caused by kidney problems, diabetes is a disease that has a high risk of de

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Veneti, Stavroula, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Evangelia Kintiraki, Gesthimani Mintziori, and Dimitrios G. Goulis. "Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?" Nutrients 15, no. 20 (2023): 4383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15204383.

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In glucose-deprived conditions, ketone bodies are produced by the liver mitochondria, through the catabolism of fatty acids, and are used peripherally, as an alternative energy source. Ketones are produced in the body under normal conditions, including during pregnancy and the neonatal period, when following a ketogenic diet (KD), fasting, or exercising. Additionally, ketone synthesis is also augmented under pathological conditions, including cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), alcoholism, and several metabolic disorders. Nonetheless, diet is the main regulator of total body ketone concentra

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Kansakar, Urna, Crystal Nieves Garcia, Gaetano Santulli, et al. "Exogenous Ketones in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: From Bench to Bedside." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 23 (2024): 7391. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237391.

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Ketone bodies are molecules produced from fatty acids in the liver that act as energy carriers to peripheral tissues when glucose levels are low. Carbohydrate- and calorie-restricted diets, known to increase the levels of circulating ketone bodies, have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits in several diseases. Specifically, increasing ketones through dietary modulation has been reported to be beneficial for cardiovascular health and to improve glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Interestingly, although excessive production of ketones ma

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Noori, Farid, Sousan Mohammadi Kebar, Yousef Mohammadi-Kebar, Maryam Ghavami, and Khatereh Isazadehfar. "Comparison of urinary and plasma ketone using urinary nitroprusside strip in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 10 (2023): 3597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233007.

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Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the most important and serious acute complications of diabetes and one of the medical emergencies that has been the most common cause of death in patients with diabetes. Prompt diagnosis and therapeutic intervention play an important role in reducing complications and mortality. The aim of this study was to compare urinary and plasma ketones using urinary nitroprusside strip in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 38 diabetic ketoacidosis patients were included in this study during the years 2017 and 2018 in th

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Klinot, Jiří, Jan Sejbal, and Alois Vystrčil. "Triterpenoid 2,3-ketols, diols and their acetates: Preparation and conformation of the ring A." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 2 (1989): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19890400.

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19β,28-Epoxy-18α-oleanane derivatives I-III were converted into hydroxy ketones IV, VIII and X, acetoxy ketones V, VII, IX and XI, diols and their mono- and diacetates XII-XXV. Seven of the eight possible isomeric 2,3-diol monoacetates were obtained. Conformation of the ring A in these compounds has been derived from the 1H NMR and IR spectra. In 2β-acetoxy-3-ketone VII, 3α-hydroxy- and 3α-acetoxy-2-ketones VIII and IX, and in 2β,3α-diol monoacetates XVIII and XIX the ring A exists predominantly in a boat conformation.

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Csako, G. "False-positive results for ketone with the drug mesna and other free-sulfhydryl compounds." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 2 (1987): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.2.289.

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Abstract All free-sulfhydryl compounds tested produced false-positive reactions in the Legal test for ketones. The color developed in the ketone pad of urine dipsticks [N-Multistix SG, Multistix 10 SG (Ames), and Chemstrip 9 (Boehringer-Mannheim)] was misinterpreted for ketone bodies, both by visual and automated reading. In contrast to the reaction with true ketones, a drop of glacial acetic acid added onto the ketone pad of dipsticks discharged the false-positive red color. A red-violet also developed instantly with free -SH compounds in the Acetest tablet assay (Ames), but quickly faded. In

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Yin, Junxiang, Pengcheng Han, Zhiwei Tang, Qingwei Liu, and Jiong Shi. "Sirtuin 3 Mediates Neuroprotection of Ketones against Ischemic Stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 11 (2015): 1783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.123.

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of death. Growing evidence indicates that ketone bodies have beneficial effects in treating stroke, but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study showed ketone bodies reduced reactive oxygen species by using NADH as an electron donor, thus increasing the NAD+/NADH ratio. In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial NAD+-dependent Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) could mediate the neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies after ischemic stroke. We injected mice with either normal saline or ketones (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) at 30 min

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Li, Wan-Di, Jia-Shuo Zhang, Lin-Yan Zhang, Zhong-Wen Liu, Juan Fan та Xian-Ying Shi. "Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkylation of Aromatic Ketones with Allylic Alcohols and α,β-Unsaturated Ketones". Catalysts 13, № 8 (2023): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081157.

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The direct transition-metal-catalyzed addition of C–H bonds to unsaturated C=X (X=C, O, and N) bonds via C–H bond activation has been recognized as a powerful tool for the construction of C–C bonds (in terms of atom and step economy). Herein, the direct rhodium-catalyzed C–H bond addition of aromatic ketones to allylic alcohols and α,β-unsaturated ketones that affords β-aryl carbonyl compounds is described, in which a ketone carbonyl acts as a weakly coordinating directing group. It was found that the type of alkyl in aromatic ketones is crucial for the success of the reaction. This transforma

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Tamas, Corina, Flaviu Tamas, Attila Kovecsi, Georgiana Serban, Cristian Boeriu, and Adrian Balasa. "The Role of Ketone Bodies in Treatment Individualization of Glioblastoma Patients." Brain Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13091307.

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Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. According to the 2021 WHO CNS, glioblastoma is assigned to the IDH wild-type classification, fulfilling the specific characteristic histopathology. We have conducted a prospective observational study to identify the glucose levels, ketone bodies, and the glucose-ketone index in three groups of subjects: two tumoral groups of patients with histopathological confirmation of glioblastoma (9 male patients, 7 female patients, mean age 55.6 years old) or grade 4 astrocytoma (4 male patients, 2 female patients, mean age 48.

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Xie, Yangyang, Zeping Li, Xudong Xu, et al. "Bis(2-butoxyethyl) Ether-Promoted O2-Mediated Oxidation of Alkyl Aromatics to Ketones under Clean Conditions." Molecules 29, no. 20 (2024): 4909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204909.

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Conventional oxidation processes for alkyl aromatics to ketones employ oxidants that tend to generate harmful byproducts and cause severe equipment corrosion, ultimately creating critical environmental problems. Thus, in this study, a practical, efficient, and green method was developed for the synthesis of aromatic ketones by applying a bis(2-butoxyethyl) ether/O2 system under external catalyst-, additive-, and base-free conditions. This O2-mediated oxidation system can tolerate various functional groups and is suitable for large-scale synthesis. Diverse target ketones were prepared under cle

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Jensen, Nicole Jacqueline, Helena Zander Wodschow, Malin Nilsson, and Jørgen Rungby. "Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228767.

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Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, e.g., during prolonged fasting, ketone bodies become an important energy source for the brain. The brain’s utilization of ketones seems to depend mainly on the concentration in the blood, thus many dietary approaches such as ketogenic diets, ingestion of ketogenic medium-chain fatty acids or exogenous ketones, facilitate significant changes in the brain’s metabolism. Therefore, these approaches may ameliorate the energy crisis in neurodegenerative disea

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Cannon, Sophie M., and Trevor E. Angell. "LBODP035 When Is Ketosis Just Ketosis?" Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (2022): A265—A266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.545.

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Abstract Background Little is known about the impact of over-the-counter ketone supplementation, used by patients to promote weight loss, on ketosis and serum ketone values. Recent literature suggests that acute ingestion of exogenous ketones leads to increased blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and decreased blood glucose1. Clinical Case A 61-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presented as a transfer to the neurocritical care ICU from an outside hospital for subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to intracranial saccular aneurysm.

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Elias, Natalia Olga, Adriana Campos Martinez, Mariana Dicugno, Julieta Souto, and Marina Ines Curria. "LBODP019 Vitamin D Levels In A Population With Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (2022): A263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.540.

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Abstract Background Little is known about the impact of over-the-counter ketone supplementation, used by patients to promote weight loss, on ketosis and serum ketone values. Recent literature suggests that acute ingestion of exogenous ketones leads to increased blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and decreased blood glucose1. Clinical Case A 61-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presented as a transfer to the neurocritical care ICU from an outside hospital for subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to intracranial saccular aneurysm.

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Rittig, Nikolaj, Mads Svart, Henrik Holm Thomsen, et al. "Oral D/L-3-Hydroxybutyrate Stimulates Cholecystokinin and Insulin Secretion and Slows Gastric Emptying in Healthy Males." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 10 (2020): e3597-e3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa483.

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Abstract Background D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3-OHB) is a ketone body that serves as an alternative nutritional fuel but also as an important signaling metabolite. Oral ketone supplements containing D/L-3-OHB are becoming a popular approach to achieve ketosis. Aim To explore the gut-derived effects of ketone supplements. Methods Eight healthy lean male volunteers were investigated on 2 separate occasions: An acetaminophen test was performed to evaluate gastric emptying and blood samples were obtained consecutively throughout the study period. Results We show that oral consumption of D/L-3-OHB sti

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Durnin, Sheena, Jennifer Jones, Emer Ryan, et al. "The utility of ketones at triage: a prospective cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 12 (2020): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318425.

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ObjectiveTo establish the relationship between serum point-of-care (POC) ketones at triage and moderate-to-severe dehydration based on the validated Gorelick Scales.Design, setting and patientsProspective unblinded study from April 2016 to February 2017 in a paediatric emergency department. Patients aged 1 month to 5 years, with vomiting and/or diarrhoea and/or decreased intake with signs of moderate or severe dehydration or clinical concern for hypoglycaemia were eligible.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was to describe the relationship between triage POC ketones to the two Gorelick S

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Kabalka, George W., Su Yu, and Nan-Sheng Li. "Selective hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes in the presence of aldehydes and ketones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 6 (1998): 800–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-042.

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The reactions of terminal alkenes in the presence of ketones or aldehydes with a variety of borane reagents have been investigated. It was found that the selective hydroboration of a terminal alkene in the presence of a ketone or an aldehyde is most efficient when dicyclohexylborane is used as the hydroborating agent. The hydroboration of olefinic ketones and olefinic aldehydes with dicyclohexylborane generates the corresponding hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones in good yields after oxidation with sodium perborate. The hydroboration of alkynyl ketones and alkynyl aldehydes with dicyclohexylb

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Plakhotnyuk, I., Yu Ordin, and B. Ivasenko. "Reproductive recovery in cows with subclinical ketosis." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 2(160) (November 24, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2020-160-2-21-27.

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The development of ketosis in high productive cows is accompanied by damage to various organs and systems of the body.Therefore, even with successful treatment, animals have long-term consequences leading to a decrease in milk production, metritis, steroidogenesis disorders, impaired development of follicles and yellow bodies, and infertility. It is because the problem remains poorly understood, which is associated with the special features of the restoration of reproductive function in cows with ketosis. Our research was carried out on 208 cows of Holstein and Ukrainian black-and-white dairy

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Goldberg, Emily, Yun-Hee Youm, Kim Nguyen, Emad Alnemri, and Vishwa Dixit. "Ketone body beta-hydroxy butyrate deactivates NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells (CAM1P.153)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 48.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.48.10.

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Abstract The NLRP3 inflammasome is a major regulator of sterile inflammation. It is now known that many age-related diseases are NLRP3-dependent, including metabolic disease, cognitive decline, bone loss, and thymic demise. Therefore, decreasing inflammasome activation during aging may prevent many chronic diseases known to limit healthspan. Calorie restriction and prolonged fasting reduce inflammation. During fasting, the body uses fat for energy, leading to an increase in ketone body production as a byproduct of fatty acid oxidation. We tested the hypothesis that switching the substrates fro

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Maya, Dyah Astining, Iswari Pauzi, Siti Zaetun, and Yudha Anggit Jiwantoro. "Effects of Carbohydrate Diet Programs on Urine Ketones Positiveness with Long Time on a Diet 1 Year, 2 Years and 3 Years." Jurnal Analis Medika Biosains (JAMBS) 10, no. 1 (2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32807/jambs.v10i1.303.

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Carbohydrate diet is a diet pattern that reduces carbohydrate consumption. Therefore, the body will use fat as an alternative energy source. The continuous use of fat causes the accumulation of fatty acids so that it often causes ketone positivity in the urine. Objective : Find out the effect of a carbohydrate diet program on the positivity of urine ketones. Method : This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. The sample used was urine from respondents who had been on a carbohydrate diet for 1 year, 2 years and 3 years, then urine ketones were examined usi

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