Academic literature on the topic 'Key words: Long-distance trucking'

Data collected on 170 534 head of Saskatchewan cattle slaughtered over a period of 12 consecutive months were used to evaluate the importance of some factors influencing the incidence of dark cutting (DC) beef (Canada B2 grade based on a visual assessment of muscle color and texture). The variables examined included carcass weight, gender of animal, daily temperature and precipitation, month of slaughter, distance from farm to abattoir, mixing of loads during transportation and slaughter plant. DC beef compared to normal beef was associated with a slightly warmer daily temperature (5.4 vs. 4.8 °C), a lighter carcass weight (283 vs. 286 kg), but was not influenced by daily precipitation. The incidence of DC beef increased as distance between farm and slaughter plant increased (0.78–0.98%), and was higher in loads of cattle that were mixed during transportation than in those loads that originated from the same farm (1.11 vs. 0.79%). Steers recorded a higher frequency of DC beef than heifers (0.99 vs. 0.77%). There were large differences in the frequency of DC beef among slaughter plants after adjustment of the data for the effects of other variables (gender, mixing, trucking distance). Of the six slaughter plants in this study, the frequency of DC beef ranged from 0.27–1.79%. Month of shipment had a significant effect on the incidence of DB beef, with March and April recording the highest frequencies (1.54 and 1.24%), and December the lowest (0.45%). It was concluded that the mixing of loads and the slaughter plant were the two most important predisposing factors for DC beef. Key words: Beef, carcass, stress, dark cutting

This research examines how trucking companies can develop effective advertising media and messages for reaching and recruiting qualified long distance long distance truck drivers. Long distance truck driver candidates seem most interested in competitive pay, paid vacation, a weekly payment schedule (along with direct deposit), assigned equipment, 24/7 dispatch, a large volume of hub group freight, and flexible home time. To reach this audience and its needs, we suggest advertisements emphasizing these benefits be placed on the Internet and social media sites, as well as in selected professional magazines frequented by truck drivers searching for jobs.

Purpose. The aim of the article is deepening of theoretical bases and development of methodical recommendations on definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise and the prevention of threats of loss of economic safety by it. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the article is the general provisions of economic theory, the work of economists on economic efficiency of production and economic security of enterprises. The following methods are used to analyse the state and main trends of economic security of the enterprise: the method of correlation and regression analysis - to determine the unknown parameters in matrix form and the vector of unknown parameters; methods of economic and mathematical modelling - for calculation of unknown parameters of multifactor regression. Findings. Methodical bases of definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise consisting of three blocks are developed: an estimation of a current condition of economic activity, a choice of factors of influence on economic safety and determining the level of economic security of the transport enterprise, each of which contains a set of actions, the implementation of which ensures the transition to the next block. Originality. Theoretical provisions are substantiated and the block diagram of definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise which is based on comparison of net operating incomes and operating expenses of the motor transport enterprise is developed. When the net operating income exceeds the total operating costs, the economic activity of the trucking company becomes profitable. But in order to talk about the economic security of its operating activities, the company needs a certain level of income that will cover the unforeseen costs associated with the influence of internal and external factors – “safety margin”. Practical value. The obtained results allow determining the level of economic security of motor transport enterprises and serving as a basis for further studies of the impact of internal and external factors on their activities and the mechanism for ensuring the success of these enterprises in the long term. Key words: economic security, motor transport enterprise, safety margin, levels of economic security, transition zone, vector of unknown parameters.

In this paper, I present an analysis of the typology of laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions based on contrast markedness. The key ingredient of the analysis, for which I provide experimental support, is that laryngeal co-occurrence phenomena reflect a preference for maximising the perceptual distinctness of contrasts between words (Flemming 1995, 2004). An AX discrimination task finds that the contrast between an ejective and a plain stop is less accurately perceived in the context of another ejective in the word than in the context of another plain stop in the word. Pairs of words like [k'ap'i] and [k'api], which contrast 2vs. 1 ejectives, are less reliably distinguished than pairs of words like [kap'i] and [kapi], which contrast 1vs. 0 ejectives. The unifying factor of all laryngeal co-occurrence patterns is the neutralisation of the contrast between words with one and two laryngeally marked segments, exactly the contrast that is shown to be relatively perceptually weak.

Long-distance seed dispersal figures prominently in most plant conservation biology arguments, yet we possess little more than anecdotes concerning the relationship among deposition (seeds/m2), source strength (seeds/m2), and distance. In this paper we derive two simple models for long-distance deposition. The models are tested at the scale of 100–1600 m from the source and found to be within 5-fold of the observed deposition. There is no discernable decline in deposition for the range 300–1600 m. While we hesitate to extend model predictions to greater distances, both the models and the empirical results allow us to assert that rare wind-dispersed species in woodlots (dispersal distance around 1 km) are effectively isolated from one another at the temporal scale of 1000 years. Key words: plant conservation biology, wind dispersal of seeds, metapopulations.

The monitoring points of cable circulation in cities are relatively scattered. The on-site collection devices restricted by the power supply, installation site and communication distance are usually unable to store large amounts of data or transmit data over a long distance. In this thesis the relay device of data management is developed, realizing the management and sorted storing of the data of the collection devices of close-distance wireless receiving data, and sending the data to remote places through the GSM/GPRS network. Therefore the scattered data can be transmitted to computer analysis and management system over a long distance after centralized processing of scattered data and long-distance data monitoring and comprehensive analysis can be realized. Key Words: Cable, Circulation Monitoring, Relay, Mega64

Abstract. An experimental VLF WorldWide Lightning Location (WWLL) network is being developed to provide realtime locations of cloud to ground lightning discharges occurring throughout the globe. This network has expanded from a limited number of stations in the Western Pacific to its current state of 11 stations, in most longitude sectors, with additional stations planned in the near future. As part of the initial testing phase of the WWLL the network has operated in a simple mode, sending the station trigger times into a central processing point rather than using the sferic Time of Group Arrival (TOGA). During this initial stage, a significant quantity of lightning location data has been collected, some of which is being applied to research questions. In this paper the operation of the WWLL network is described, and the location accuracy of the pre-TOGA WWLL network is characterised. This is performed by contrasting commercial lightning location data from an Australian network, Kattron, over 2 days in January 2002, with 4 WWLL stations covering the same region. It was found that there were 426 matched lightning events, corresponding to lightning discharges with large lightning return stroke peak currents (mean absolute peak current of ~26kA compared with ~12kA for all Kattron events). By considering the random errors in the difference locations between the matching lightning events, an appropriate Gaussian timing error for the WWLL network of receiving stations is determined, and hence an estimate for the global location errors for the existing 11-station network is found. The "worst-case" global location error for the existing network ranges spatially from 7.5–100km, with the global median being 15km, and the global mean 30km. When the TOGA method is implemented, the station timing errors will decrease, allowing for an increase in the location accuracies. Hence, the location accuracy estimates determined in this paper will be very conservative for the future WWLL network employing the TOGA technique. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (lightning, atmospheric electricity, instruments and techniques)

An analysis of weekly air samples at four sites in southern Ontario (London, Toronto, Peterborough, Sudbury) provides conclusive evidence for the long-distance transport of pollen of the exotic taxa Entada (Mimosaceae), Dodonaea (Sapindaceae), and Ephedra (Ephedraceae), originating far to the south (at least 1000 km) of the recording stations. The nearest source area for the first two taxa is in the West Indies and Mexico, while Ephedra, previously noted in Late Quaternary sediments from the Great Lakes region, grows commonly in the southwestern region of the United States. Long-distance transport is corroborated by air-mass trajectory analysis and surface-wind patterns at time of exotic occurrences. Key words: aeropalynology, Ontario, airstreams, pollen transport.

The objective of this study was to compare the time to exhaustion (Tlim) at maximal aerobic speed ([Formula: see text]) in middle- and long-distance runners. Five middle-distance (MDR) and 5 long-distance (LDR) male runners, ages 28 ± 7 years, were tested running on a treadmill, with the Université de Montréal Track Test (UMTT), on maximal velocity and on time-to-exhaustion track tests. During the laboratory test, cardiorespiratory variables (e.g., HR, [Formula: see text]) were assessed. Second, running velocity at [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) during the UMTT was determined and HR values were recorded; also, maximal velocity on a 30-m sprint (V30) and maximal heart rate (HR max) and time to exhaustion were determined on the track. No significant difference was observed between groups during the multistage treadmill test. Significant differences were found between groups for V30 and Tlim, with MDR showing a 23% longer running time than LDR. The results of the present study demonstrated that the training profile of middle-distance and long-distance runners plays a significant role in Tlim performance when [Formula: see text] is obtained during a test with short-duration stages. Key words: maximal oxygen uptake, runners, time limit (Tlim)

Extensive in situ testing and undisturbed sampling were carried out near two steel piles to determine the long-term state of a clay in which these piles had been driven 7 years before. Results show that this material exhibits a rigidity that varies with the distance from the pile. The average rigidity in the zone of study is representative of a slightly destructured clay. The shear strength of this clay is, in most cases, equal to the shear strength of the intact material except in the zone located at depth greater than 3.5 m and within 30 cm of the pile wall, where lower shear strength values were consistently monitored. It is believed that reconsolidation after driving took place in this last case under relatively low stresses. Key words: piles, clays, ageing, destruction, reconsolidation, shear strength, rigidity, limit state.

<p>Criminological studies have shown that economical and/or occupational crimes are committed within all examined trades and occupations. This is also a fact in the gendered occupational context the Norwegian and Swedish long-distance trucking trade constitutes. This dissertation sets out to determine, by qualitative in-depth interviews with 24 interviewees and field observations, what certain gaining occupational and economical crimes mean to trade actors and how to interpret the meaning criminologically. A hermeneutical orientation constitutes the methodological and epistemological basis of the interpretation.</p><p>Analysis of the material shows two central consistent patterns in the interpretations made by interviewees and other trade actors:</p><p>1) T<u>he actors´ explanations of why law violations are committed</u>. These are influenced by the actors´ view of how wide the specific violations are spread and influence the violation’s acceptability.</p><p>2) <u>The actors´ normative evaluation of the law violations</u>. The actors construct normative distinctions between normal, acceptable and unacceptable actions. The distinction is influenced by how the law violations are explained and how widespread they are considered to be.</p><p>The first pattern; actors interpretation of why law violations are committed, corresponds with explanations in established criminological theories. The actors’ explanations are discussed as techniques of neutralisation. However, explanations of cause of actions are established also in the discourse of trade-actors who do not violate laws, and a deeper interpretation is called for. A discussion about law violations, based on interviewees discourse, as caused by criminogenic structures are developed. The actors identify the structures as criminogenic and this discourse of coersive structures implies conservation of law violations as part of normality. An interpretation of why several but not all individuals violate laws even if the law violations considers to be normal and acceptable, is developed in terms of differential association.</p><p>However, solely use of established theoretical perspectives is not a sufficient interpretation of the law violations; the perspective of interpretation indicated by the second pattern will then be lost. Why is law violations considered both normal and deviant? This dissertation applies a gender-theoretical perspective and argues that actors constitute masculinity through acceptable law violations and that masculinity and normality are correlated. A cultural discourse of borders between normality and deviance is conserved and processed, and the actors discourses of law violations as without victims and as a necessity to continue as truckers, are central in the normalization of normative borders.</p>

At the end of the last century, a dictionary could confidently define broadcasting as the transmission of a signal for television or radio. Within a decade, every element of that definition had changed. Transmission had branched out from the cumbersome business of placing masts bearing receivers and transmitters at the highest vantage points across the countryside. A signal was no longer confined to the band waves that the air could carry — invisible streams snaking their way across the landscape: Ultra High Frequency (UHF) carrying television, as long as the hills weren’t in the way; Very High Frequency (VHF or FM)carrying wonderful quality sound, as long as the same hills were not joined by chimneys, bodies, the wrong sort of cloud or stonework; Long Wave, unstoppable by anything except distance, it seemed,carrying cricket and the shipping forecast across Europe and far out to sea; Medium Wave(AM), the carrier of choice for hosts of daytime local music stations and great for listening in the car, but hopeless when night fell and the waves went bouncing around the ionosphere bringing martial music from Albania where the football commentary should have been; and Short Wave — the touchiest of the wave bands, that made catching the words as hard as catching fish, but finally gave national broadcasters a global reach.

Photographs and artwork celebrate and evoke creativity and curiosity. Stirring a thirst in students for delving beyond words into deeper consciousness, planting kernels of curiosity, whetting their appetite for learning counts for much more than pouring information into their heads. Photographs and artwork play a prominent part in my teaching and practice. While I have absolutely no talent in either art or photography, each nevertheless has educational and therapeutic value in sharpening students’ cognitive ability and honing their emotional sensitivity. It is frustrating to convey the elusive essence of photography and artwork as educational adjuncts. They have a palpable impact on learning, practice, and fostering productive and healthy interaction. Both photography and art embody so much more than words can say. They offer for teachers and students alike a more raw and honest means of communication than words do. They change ways of seeing. More than for their aesthetic impact, photographs and artwork are versatile and riveting in teaching. They nurture spontaneity, reduce distance between students and students, and students and you. In the long run, images have staying power. They remain in students’ minds far better and far longer than words do. They promote retention and recall. They help to make the invisible visible by compressing intangible and ephemeral ideas into concrete form. They transform the intangible and tacit into the graphic and tangible. Photographs and artwork, drawn upon in a variety of ways, amplify key points, direct attention to non-traditional material, arouse an array of senses, and appeal to different learning styles. Because they are so palpable, the language of visual line, color, and image deepens comprehension. Photographs and artwork readily trigger associations. No question, ‘‘A picture is worth a thousand words.’’ Words sometimes have a tendency to obscure meaning. Have at hand a diversity of nonverbal techniques for student expression. A multidimensional approach makes it more possible to access the inner person. Photographs and artwork make it possible to go beyond talking; they speak a language of sensation and symbolization. The distinctive benefits of using photographs and artwork are stimulation and motivation, definition and elucidation.

This concluding chapter assesses what the contribution of the Jews was to seventeenth-century European civilization. It is reasonably clear that the general significance of the Jews has to be assessed under two main heads — the economic and the cultural. The problem is to specify the exact nature of the Jewish role. The techniques of Jewish commerce and finance did not differ from other commerce and finance except in that a vast array of restrictions cut the Jews out of most guilds, most retail trade, and the ownership of land and buildings. The key factor which imparted a certain importance to the post-1570 Jewish role was the simultaneous penetration during the sixteenth century of both Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, as well as of the Marranos living in Portugal and the Portuguese Empire, into maritime and overland long-distance transit trades linking the Levant with Italy, Poland with the Levant, Poland with Germany, and Portugal and the Portuguese Empire with northern Europe. The commercial importance gained by the Jews in the Levant and Poland, largely as a result of the previous expulsion from the West, in other words, formed the basis of the Jewish revival in Italy, Germany, Bohemia–Moravia, and the Low Countries after 1570. This entrenched position in so many crucial but distant markets proved a factor of great potency, especially in view of the close correspondence and intimate cultural contact between western Jewry and the Jews of the Levant and Poland.