Academic literature on the topic 'Key words: volleyball, ankle, injury'

Background: The aim of study was to look into the frequency and nature of on-court injuries in female basketball players (FBP) and to determine the most common on-court injuries as well as their anatomical locations. Method: cross sectional descriptive survey study design adopted. The data was gathered through the use of a structured self -administered questionnaire in the form of Google form via social media platforms (WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook) and e-mail. Using total population sampling design, 40 participants were calculated who filled the form. The collected data were analysed using descriptive analysis. Result: The study found that the commonest injured anatomical area was the ankle (32%) and the commonest nature of injury was joint (22.2%) followed by muscle (20.9%). Conclusion: The study concludes that the lower extremity injuries were the most common. It identified the ankle injuries to be the commonest injuries occurring in female basketball players. Key words: Female basketball players, ankle injuries, basketball, on-court injuries.

Background: The spike is a key action in volleyball, and the landing technique and its asymmetries are commonly associated with an increased risk of injury. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to assess how male and female volleyball players land (i.e., unilaterally, or bilaterally) after spike jumps in matches and analytical settings (field or laboratory). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria defined according to participants, interventions, comparators, study design (PICOS): (p) healthy indoor volleyball players of any sex, age group, or competitive level; (i) exposure to landing after spike actions during official matches AND/OR simulated 6 vs. 6 games AND/OR analytical training conditions AND/OR laboratorial experiments; (c) not mandatory; (o) data on landing mechanics after spike actions, including reporting of whether the landing was unilateral or bilateral; (s) no restrictions imposed on study design. Searches were performed in seven electronic databases (Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) on 23 April 2021. Results: Automated searches provided 420 results. Removal of 119 duplicates resulted in 301 records being screened for titles and abstracts. A total of 25 studies were eligible for full-text analysis. Of these, eight studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. Studies showed that (i) attackers landed asymmetrically 68% of the times (61% left leg, 7% right leg); (ii) bilateral asymmetries were observed for the hip, knee, and ankle joints; (iii) bilateral asymmetries were observed even when players were instructed to land evenly on two feet; (iv) landing contact of the leg opposite to the hitting arm preceded the contact of the homolateral leg. One match analysis study showed that men landed more often on the left (31.5%) or right foot (8.5%) than women (23.7% and 1.6%). Conclusions: Studies analyzing spike landing showed a prevalence of unilateral landings (mostly the left leg first, for right-handed players) in men and women but more prevalently in men. Registration INPLASY202140104, DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0104.

Reference: Schiftan GS, Ross LA, Hahne AJ. The effectiveness of proprioceptive training in preventing ankle sprains in sporting populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18(3):238–244. Clinical Question: Does the use of proprioceptive training as a sole intervention decrease the incidence of initial or recurrent ankle sprains in the athletic population? Data Sources: The authors completed a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) from inception to October 2013. The reference lists of all identified articles were manually screened to obtain additional studies. The following key words were used. Phase 1 population terms were sport*, athlet*, and a combination of the two. Phase 2 intervention terms were propriocept*, balance, neuromusc* adj5 train*, and combinations thereof. Phase 3 condition terms were ankle adj5 sprain*, sprain* adj5 ankle, and combinations thereof. Study Selection: Studies were included according to the following criteria: (1) the design was a moderate- to high-level randomized controlled trial (>4/10 on the PEDro scale), (2) the participants were physically active (regardless of previous ankle injury), (3) the intervention group received proprioceptive training only, compared with a control group that received no proprioceptive training, and (4) the rate of ankle sprains was reported as a main outcome. Search results were limited to the English language. No restrictions were placed on publication dates. Data Extraction: Two authors independently reviewed the studies for eligibility. The quality of the pertinent articles was assessed using the PEDro scale, and data were extracted to calculate the relative risk. Data extracted were number of participants, intervention, frequency, duration, follow-up period, and injury rate. Main Results: Of the initial 345 studies screened, 7 were included in this review for a total of 3726 participants. Three analyses were conducted for proprioceptive training used (1) to prevent ankle sprains regardless of history (n = 3654), (2) to prevent recurrent ankle sprains (n = 1542), or (3) as the primary preventive measure for those without a history of ankle sprain (n = 946). Regardless of a history of ankle sprain, participants had a reduction in ankle-sprain rates (relative risk [RR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55, 0.77; numbers needed to treat [NNT] = 17, 95% CI = 11, 33). For individuals with a history of ankle sprains, proprioceptive training demonstrated a reduction in repeat ankle sprains (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81; NNT = 13, 95% CI = 7, 100). Proprioceptive training as a primary preventive measure demonstrated significant results (RR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.97; NNT = 33, 95% CI = 16, 1000). Conclusions: Proprioceptive training programs were effective in reducing the incidence rates of ankle sprains in the athletic population, including those with and those without a history of ankle sprains.

Background: The application of radiofrequency (RF) has been successfully used in the treatment of chronic pain conditions, including facet arthropathy, sacroiliac joint pain, groin pain, radicular pain, cervicogenic headaches, and phantom limb pain. Due to the neurodestructive effect of continuous RF ablation and possible deafferentation sequelae, only pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) has been applied to peripheral sensory nerves. There are no previous reports of successful PRF application to the sural nerve. Objectives: To report on the successful use of PRF to the sural nerve for the treatment of ankle pain. To discuss current theories on the mechanism by which PRF produces pain relief. Methods: The report presented here describes the case of a 39-year old patient who sustained injury to her ankle. The patient was complaining of pain in the distribution of the sural nerve, which was confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies. The pain did not respond to oral and topical analgesics. The patient had short-term relief with a sural block with bupivacaine and triamcinolone. The patient then underwent PRF application to the right sural nerve for 240 seconds at 45 volts. Results: The patient reported complete relief. There was no pain recurrence 5 months after the procedure. Limitations: This report describes a single case report. Conclusions: It is conceivable that PRF may provide long-term pain relief in cases of sural nerve injury. The exact mechanism of the antinociceptive effect is still unknown. Possible mechanisms include changes in molecular structure by the electric field, early gene expression, stimulation of descending inhibitory pathways, and transient inhibition of excitatory transmission. Key words: chronic ankle pain, sural neuropathy, radiofrequency, pulsed radiofrequency application

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the versatility of reverse sural artery flap in terms of its reliability and efficacy for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of heel and proximal foot in children. Material and Methods: A total of 30 patients aged 5-13 years with ankle and foot defects admitted to the Plastic Surgery and Burn department at the Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from January 2018 to July 2020 were studied by designing a retrospective cross-sectional case series study. Results: Out of 30 flaps, 26 (86.7%) healed fully, whereas 4 (13.3%) complicated by partial necrosis requiring a secondary procedure. Nineteen (63.3%) patients had wheel spoke injuries, eight (26.6%) sustained degloving injury after a road traffic accident, and three (0.1%) patients were having a history of electric burn. In 22 patients an interpolated flap was used and in 8 cases an islanded flap. Donor sites were skin grafted in all patients. Two patients developed hypertrophic scarring at donor area. All patients showed good functional results, however flap remained insensate throughout the follow-up period that was minimum for 6 months. Conclusion: The reverse sural artery flap is versatile, reliable and a method of choice in reconstructing soft-tissue defects of the hind foot in children. This flap is easy to dissect, has robust blood supply and does not sacrifice any major blood vessel of the leg. Key Words: Reverse Sural Artery Flap, children, Ankle and Foot, Soft-tissue Defects, Wheel Spook Injury

Effects of contraction history on torque deficits by stretches of active skeletal muscles were examined. After three contractions using maximal and submaximal activation (80 and 20 Hz) at an ankle position of 40° (i.e., long muscle length) and with maximal activation at 120° (i.e., short muscle length), the isometric and stretch torques (15 stretches) of rat plantar flexor muscles (bout 1) were measured. Controls were unconditioned. Stretches (i.e., ankle rotation from 90° to 40°, velocity: 50°•s−1) were imposed on maximal isometric contractions at 90° (i.e. preloaded stretches). All groups performed a second bout following 2 hours of rest after bout 1. After maximal contractions at long muscle length, preload torque at 90° and stretch torque at 40° for stretch 1 of bout 1 were 25% and 18% lower than the other groups. However, for all groups, bout 1 ended and bout 2 began and ended with similar isometric and stretch torques. Stretches early in bout 2, with preloads similar to stretches in bout 1, had greater stretch torques resulting in larger torque deficits. Torque deficits, possibly caused by damage to muscle structures and excitation-contraction uncoupling, were not prevented by a history of isometric contractions. Different contraction histories can result in similar isometric torques but different stretch torques. Key words: injury, warm-up, isometric contractions, prevention, eccentric contractions

Background and Objectives: Gait is an automatic function in healthy individuals that demands minimal or no attention to maintain a steady pattern. Alterations in gait are associated with multiple factors, yet strongest association is seen with lower limb joint arthritis, osteoarthritis of knee being the commonest. Alterations in gait of OA knee individuals are compensatory strategies to reduce medial knee joint loading and pain. Till date, numerous compensatory gait strategies to alter external knee adduction moment have been identified and reported in the literature. The objectives of current narrative review are to report effects of gait modifications on loading of knee and spine in individuals with knee OA. Methods: A literature search for current study was performed in electronic databases of PubMed and Google scholar from 1990 to 2019 with “Gait”, “Biomechanics” and “OA knee” as key words. 584 articles were assessed, articles assessing gait or fall risk in OA knee following ACL/meniscal injury, total knee replacement or any type of knee surgery, medications or any type of therapeutic interventions were eliminated. Findings: Increased hip abduction and lateral trunk leaning during swing phase, contralateral pelvic drop, increased anterior tilting of pelvis, increased hip, knee and ankle flexion angles in sagittal plane, increased step width, increased hip internal rotation, weight transfer to the medial foot are common strategies adopted by OA knee individuals to reduce Knee Adduction Moment (KAM). A few studies have reported adverse loading of spine, hip joints and contralateral knee because of gait adaptations seen in individuals with knee OA. Conclusion: Findings of current review suggests that altered trunk and pelvis kinematics may predispose OA knee individuals to development of degenerative low back pain, which should be given attention while planning rehabilitation strategies for OA knee individuals. Key words: OA knee, Gait, Knee adduction moment, Trunk lean.

Aim: To compare footprints of security personnel with age and gender matched individuals. Background: The human foot and ankle are the last segments, the last within the complex kinetic chain of the lower limb as a whole. The foot is one of the most important interaction parts of the body with the ground, especially in the upright posture. During growth, the foot changes not only its dimensions but also its shape. The lower back, leg, ankle and foot are the most commonly affected region causing pain in security personnel during prolonged standing and sitting. This may also lead to change in the arch of the foot and predispose it to the injury. In this study, we aim to analyze footprints with reference to Staheli Index and Chippaux-Smirak Index of security guards and age and gender matched individuals. Methodology: 25 security personnel and 25 age and gender matched individuals were selected as per inclusion criteria. Demographic data like age, gender, height, weight, BMI and any injury in last 6 months were recorded for all study participants. For obtaining foot prints, ink was applied to the feet of the subjects. The subjects were tasked to step on graph paper in standing position, leaving a clear impression of foot’s plantar surface on the paper. The various distances in centimeters were taken using a transparent ruler. The Staheli Index and Chippaux-Smirak Index were also calculated. Result: Statistical analysis showed significant difference in Staheli Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, Distance E and G between security personnel and age and gender matched individuals. The other values (A, B, C, D, F) were not found to be statistically different. Conclusion: The distance E and distance G is more in age and gender matched individuals as compared to security personnel. Also the Staheli Index and Chippaux-Smirak Index is less in security guards which indicates higher arch as compared to age and gender matched individuals. Key words: footprint, arch of foot, security personnel, Staheli Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index.

Objective: To identify and analyze articles in which the authors examined risk factors for soldiers during military static-line airborne operations. Data Sources: We searched for articles in PubMed, the Defense Technical Information Center, reference lists, and other sources using the key words airborne, parachuting, parachutes, paratrooper, injuries, wounds, trauma, and musculoskeletal. Study Selection: The search identified 17 684 potential studies. Studies were included if they were written in English, involved military static-line parachute operations, recorded injuries directly from events on the landing zone or from safety or medical records, and provided data for quantitative assessment of injury risk factors. A total of 23 studies met the review criteria, and 15 were included in the meta-analysis. Data Extraction: The summary statistic obtained for each risk factor was the risk ratio, which was the ratio of the injury risk in 1 group to that of another (baseline) group. Where data were sufficient, meta-analyses were performed and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Data Synthesis: Risk factors for static-line parachuting injuries included night jumps, jumps with extra equipment, higher wind speeds, higher air temperatures, jumps from fixed-wing aircraft rather than balloons or helicopters, jumps onto certain types of terrain, being a female paratrooper, greater body weight, not using the parachute ankle brace, smaller parachute canopies, simultaneous exits from both sides of an aircraft, higher heat index, winds from the rear of the aircraft on exit entanglements, less experience with a particular parachute system, being an enlisted soldier rather than an officer, and jumps involving a greater number of paratroopers. Conclusions: We analyzed and summarized factors that increased the injury risk for soldiers during military static-line parachute operations. Understanding and considering these factors in risk evaluations may reduce the likelihood of injury during parachuting.

The isolated epidural gas-containing pseudocyst is an uncommon pathogenic factor for severe pain of the lower limb as a result of nerve root compression. After reviewing these rare cases reported in the literature, we found that the name, pathogenesis, and treatment strategy of this pathology remained controversial. The most common treatment is conservative treatment or percutaneous aspiration which might result in poor pain relief and high recurrence rates. Moreover, the patient who received open surgery had good clinical outcome; however, he or she might experience a significant soft tissue injury. In this study, we report the first case of a patient who had a giant epidural gas-containing pseudocyst and received percutaneous endoscopic surgery. This 57-year-old man had been complaining of severe radicular pain in his right ankle for one year. According to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to the surgery, the results showed an isolated epidural gas-containing pseudocyst was located in the right lateral recess of S1. At the last follow-up period, postoperative CT scan showed the gas-contained pseudocyst was completely resected and this patient was free from the pain. Due to the great advances in endoscopic techniques and equipment, it is easier to perform lumbar surgery through the endoscope. With this first case of percutaneous endoscopic treatment for the symptomatic epidural gas-containing pseudocyst reported in this study, we believe that this surgical method provides an option to treat this rare condition because it provides sufficient decompression, has a low recurrence rate, and is minimally invasive. Key words: Endoscopic surgery, pseudocyst, epidural gas, intraspinal gas, radiulopathy