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Academic literature on the topic 'Key Words: xenobiotics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Key Words: xenobiotics"
1
Madhukar., A1 Swathi. E1* S. Pranathi1 Vineela Devi1 K. Surender Reddy2. "Analysis of Xenobiotics: A Review." Journal of Pharma Research 1, no. 1 (2012): 5–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1098647.
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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <em>A xenobiotic is a </em><em>chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. It can also cover substances which are present in much higher concentrations than are usual. This study deals with the analysis of xenobiotics in detail including the concepts like Xenobiotic Metabolism(Xenobiotic Biotransformation), Rapid analysis of pharmaceuticals and excreted xenobiotic and endogenous metabolites with atmospheric pressure infrared MALDI mass spectrometry , Detection of xenobiotic and endogenous metabolites in urine, X-ray Crystallographic Analysis of Xenobiotic Exporter Proteins of Escherichia coli, Determination Of Chiral Xenobiotics By Capillary Electrophoresis, Biomarkers as Biological Indicators of Xenobiotic Exposure, Bioinformatic analysis of xenobiotic reactive metabolite target proteins and their interacting partners.</em> <strong><em>Key Words:</em></strong><em> xenobiotics, biotransformation, chiral xenobiotics, biomarkers.</em>
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Palmisano, Anna C., Burney S. Schwab, Dorothy A. Maruscik, and Roy M. Ventullo. "Seasonal changes in mineralization of xenobiotics by stream microbial communities." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 12 (1991): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-162.
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Seasonal changes in the mineralization of mixed amino acids (MAA), an anionic surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate; LAS), a detergent builder (nitrilotriacetic acid; NTA), and a herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D) by microbial communities were studied in two streams in southwestern Ohio. Radiolabeled (14C) test compounds were added to samples of seston, leaf litter, periphyton, and sediment collected from Briarly Creek, a waste water impacted stream, and Little Indian Creek, a relatively unimpacted stream. Mean values for NH3, orthophosphate, dissolved organic carbon, and total organic nitrogen were significantly higher in Briarly Creek than Little Indian Creek. However, there was no significant difference in the mean values for esterase activity, chlorophyll a, and bacterial numbers in the respective habitats of the two streams. Mineralization was a significant method for removal of MAA, LAS, and NTA in Briarly Creek, and MAA in Little Indian Creek throughout the year. Mineralization of 2,4-D by microbial communities in both streams was very limited. The importance of temperature as an environmental variable affecting mineralization was indicated by (i) lower first-order rate constants in winter samples as compared with summer samples in some habitats; (ii) an increase in the first-order rate constants when temperatures were increased from 4 to 22 °C; and (iii) a positive correlation of LAS mineralization with ambient temperature. Key words: streams, xenobiotics, biodegradation, leaf litter, seston, periphyton, sediments.
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A. Aziz, Tavga, Zheen A. Ahmed, Kasim M. Juma'a, Munaf H. Abdulrazzaq, Saad A. Hussain, and Saad A. Hussain. "Study of the Protective Effects of Benfotiamine Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 18, Suppl. (2017): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol18isssuppl.pp47-53.
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Liver is considered as the first target for the toxic effects of toxins and other xenobiotics, and this can be attributed to its role as a site which receive all absorbed xenobiotics from the gastrointestinal tract and its role as a major site for biotransformation of xenobiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of benfotiamine against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The study was conducted on 48 male albino rats; the animals were allocated into 8 groups (6 rats in each group) and treated as follow: 4 groups treated with oral doses of either normal saline, benfotiamine (100 mg/kg), thiamine (100 mg/kg), N-acetylcystein (400 mg/kg) only without induction of hepatic damage. The other 4 groups were treated as indicated previously with induction of hepatic damage with CCl4; at the end of treatment period, rats were scarified, blood samples obtained and livers excised for the assessment of the oxidative stress parameters (MDA and GSH), cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Additionally, serum levels of total bilirubin, albumin, total protein and the activities of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes were evaluated before and after treatment with benfotiamine. Tissue sections were prepared for evaluation of histopathological changes. The results indicated that benfotiamine has the ability to protect hepatic tissue against the toxicity induced by CCl4, revealed through reduction of serum levels of TSB and liver enzymes, decrease in the hepatic tissue MDA levels and elevation of GSH there. Histological evaluation of tissue sections prepared for this purpose confirmed the previous finding. In conclusion, benfotiamine is capable to protect liver tissue against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats more than thiamine.
 Key words: Benfotiamine, CCl4, Hepatotoxicity
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Foster, B. C., D. L. Litster, J. Zamecnik, and R. T. Coutts. "The biotransformation of tranylcypromine by Cunninghamella echinulata." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1991): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-136.
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When incubated alone for 7 days with the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata, tranylcypromine was extensively metabolized. As observed in mammalian systems, N-acetyltranylcypromine was the major metabolite recovered along with lesser amounts of 4-hydroxytranylcypromine, as its N,O-diacetyl derivative. The rate and extent of tranylcypromine biotransformation was affected by whether incubation was on either 30° or flat brackets with a gyratory shaker. There is a strong association between the rate of biotransformation and the utilization of glucose, formation of ammonia, and pH. The slowest rates of biotransformation and metabolic response were observed with the large fungal pellets formed during incubation on flat brackets. These findings raise the possibility that, as in mammalian systems, fungal metabolism of xenobiotics can be affected by nutrient and environmental conditions. Key words: Cunninghamella echinulata, tranylcypromine, biotransformation, toxicity model.
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Dyman, T. "Xenoestrogens of anthropogenic origin in food products and their impact on human health." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1 (186) (May 24, 2024): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2024-186-1-116-126.
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The anthropogenic impact on the biosphere has now acquired a global character, resulting in a massive influx of industrial, agricultural, and household waste into the environment. Numerous chemical, physical and biological substances present in the environment have a harmful effect on human health. Among them, a special group is formed by hormonally active xenobiotics – xenoestrogens. They are not produced by the body, but are structurally or functionally related to the human sex hormone 17β-estradiol, and bind to estrogen receptors with varying degrees of afnity and selectivity. The article summarizes and analyzes the available literature data on the most common synthetic xenoestrogens that can be present in foodstuff and have a negative impact on human health. In particular, such groups of substances as hormonal drugs, phenols, phthalates, pesticides, dioxins and dioxin-like substances, parabens, toxic metals are described. The presented evidence of the negative impact of synthetic xenoestrogens on human health requires more large-scale and clinically signifcant studies to determine the impact of chemical substances on the organs and systems of the human body, as well as generalization of the received evidence. Understanding the sources and extent of the impact of various xenobiotics on the environment and human health is essential for the development of comprehensive preventive measures. Key words: anthropogenic impact, xenoestrogens, toxicants, foodstuff, endocrine disorders.
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Bibbins-Martínez, M., J. Juárez-Hernández, J. Y. López-Domínguez, et al. "Potential application of fungal biosorption and/or bioaccumulation for the bioremediation of wastewater contamination: A review." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 2 (2023): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/2/mrn-5093.
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The environment pollution or contamination is a serious problem, a great deal of research is being undertaken to combat contaminants such as xenobiotic and recalcitrant compounds, particularly heavy metals, dyes,phenolic compounds and other recalcitrant pollutants produced by a wide range of industrial activities. These compounds have an adverse impact on the environment, particularly when generated by industrial processes and then disposed off without adequate treatment. Mycoremediation is defined as the use of fungi for bioremediation, especially degradation or retention of contaminants. Biosorption and bioaccumulation are two of the mechanisms by which fungi remove contaminants through mycelium. In many cases, these processes involve metabolization and even mineralization of these contaminants, corresponding to a biological contaminant removal system with great potential for use in bioremediation processes. The present review describes the unique characteristics of fungal mycelium that make it a biomaterial with potential applications in various fields of biotechnology, specifically evaluating its biosorption/bioaccumulation properties and potential application for the bioremediation of different water-borne contaminants. This review focus on the researches conducted on the bioremediation of inorganic and organic pollutants, the mechanisms involved in the process, and the main environmental factors affecting it. Moreover, kinetics and equilibrium modeling of the removal efficiency achieved via biosorption/bioaccumulation is analyzed in order to better understand these processes and overcome some of the technical barriers to their large-scale application in the mycoremediation of wastewater. Key words: Bioaccumulation, Biosorption, Fungi, Mycoremediation, Xenobiotics
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Farhina, Pasha and Uzma Faridi*. "USE OF ENZYME TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEGRADATION OF HARMFUL XENOBIOTICS (AROMATIC DYE)." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 03 (2019): 6693–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2609191.
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<em>The basic objective of the present investigation is to study the enzymatic pre-treatment as alternative physicochemical methods, for enhancing the biodegradability of aromatic dye compounds and was found to be more effective (Alexander et al., 1997). Horseradish peroxidase was extracted and studies for azo degradation at batch scale. The batch studies performed to study the process parameters during azo dye degradation revealed, effect of repeated application of alginate immobilized enzyme on dye degradation as 52%removal of dye in first batch which was reduced to 22.2%in the fifth batch .Where as acrylamide Gel immobilized HRP degraded 80%in first batch which was reduced to 15%in the fifth batch .Based upon the results the studies were further conformed to optimize the immobilized enzyme procedure. There was an increase in percent degradation of dye with increase in temperature as 4<sup>o</sup>c showed 47.7% degradation & 24<sup>o</sup>showed 72.2% increased degradation , similarly at acidic pH of 2 approximately 77.7% degradation was observed & at basic pH 8.9 it was 50.5%.Two types of immobilizing materials, alginate & acrylamide gel used for immobilizing the enzyme. Immobilized beads showed effective degradation rates compared with free enzyme. Repeated application of beads showed consistently reduced activity. By comparing gel immobilized matrix is effective in degradation than at alginate.</em> <strong>Key words:</strong> <em>Alginate, Acrylamide Gel, immobilization, horseradish peroxidase.</em>
8
Kramer, Constance M., and Martha M. Kory. "Bacteria that degrade p-chlorophenol isolated from a continuous culture system." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 1 (1992): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-005.
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Two Gram-positive coryneform bacteria that degraded p-chlorophenol isolated from a continuous culture system are characterized. Isolate B (probably an Arthrobacter sp.) completely removed the p-chlorophenol from a medium with a concomitant increase in cell density within 16 h. Isolate F similarly removed the p-chlorophenol within 28 h but without an increase in cell density. Isolates B and F also removed the p-chlorophenol from a medium with p-chlorophenol as the sole carbon source within 32 and 48 h, respectively. The optimal temperature for p-chlorophenol degradation by both organisms was 25 to 30 °C. The optimal pH range for p-chlorophenol degradation was pH 7–9 for isolate B and pH 8–9 for isolate F. Since these native environmental bacteria can degrade p-chlorophenol, they may have an important application in waste water treatment processes. Key words: biodegradation, bioremediation, xenobiotics.
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Preston, Caroline M. "Carbon-13 solid-state NMR of soil organic matter - using the technique effectively." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 3 (2001): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-074.
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Solid-state 13C CPMAS NMR offers many options for characterizing carbon in soil organic matter (SOM). Its effectiveness, however, is often limited by a poor understanding of the techniques, and lack of hands-on access and training opportunities for students. Of nearly 250 modern NMR systems in Canada, approximately one is genuinely available for SOM studies, and there is poor communication between NMR operators and SOM users. While quantitative reliability can be addressed to some extent by multiple contact-time experiments or single-pulse (Bloch decay) spectra, it is also important to consider the effects of spectrometer background, spinning sidebands (especially with higher magnetic fields) and processing operations such as line-broadening, phasing and baseline correction. In many studies, more consideration needs to be given to instrument specifications, the type of information needed, and whether sample fractionation or pretreatment should be used. Structural information can be greatly enhanced by dipolar-dephasing and sideband suppression sequences. Sequences based on relaxation differences can reveal pools of carbon with different structures. Data analysis can be enhanced by principal component analysis, spectrum deconvolution and difference spectra. Studies of xenobiotics and C metabolism can be greatly aided by 13C-labeling. However, a key limitation to SOM applications remains the gap in culture and expectations of the users. Key words: Soil organic matter, 13C CPMAS NMR, Bloch decay, dipolar dephasing, spinning sidebands
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Popovich, Z., M. Rozhko, I. Chubiy, and N. Kukurudz. "Ecology and dental health of the population of Ukraine." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 110, no. 1-2 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2022-1-2-42.
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Resume. Many studies have shown that an important factor in the health of the human body is the state of the environment. The aim of this work is to review the literature on the study of the effects of xenobiotics on dental morbidity. The highest rates of prevalence and intensity of periodontal disease were found in regions with high and very high levels of environmental pollution, the lowest – in a region with relatively low total levels of environmental pollution. Children living in environmentally unfavorable areas have a significant number of somatic diseases, which are combined with high dental morbidity. The results of the assessment of the dental health of the surveyed children show that the level of dental health of children in contaminated areas is, on average, lower than that of children living in less contaminated areas. In children living in relatively clean areas, dental health rates are the highest among all surveyed. Conclusion. It is proved that the features and level of dental morbidity are largely due to adverse environmental factors. We believe that this requires the development of regional prevention programs. Key words: dental morbidity, toxic effects, adverse environmental factors.