Academic literature on the topic 'Keyword Test 2'
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Journal articles on the topic "Keyword Test 2"
1
Saito, Hidetoshi. "Effects of Preparation and Use of Keyword Lists on a Classroom Story-Retelling Test." JALT Journal 39, no. 1 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj39.1-1.
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The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of test practice and keyword use on story-retelling test performance under four conditions. Eighty-two beginning and intermediate Japanese university students enrolled in English courses were required to practice orally summarizing two passages using a keyword list and also instructed to orally summarize one of two previously unseen passages without preparation. In the test session, two groups experienced two conditions that were identical and one that was different. Both groups retold one practiced passage with keywords at hand and a new passage without a keyword list. Group 1 retold another practiced passage with the keyword list withheld, whereas Group 2 read an additional new passage, made a keyword list, and retold it with the keyword list but without practice. Test practice was found to improve performance, but keyword list use induced better performance only when used with practice. テスト準備とキーワードリストは口頭要約テストに役立つか。この研究はテスト準備とキーワードリストの使用が口頭での要約テストに役立つかを調査することを目的とした。日本人大学生（初中級者）2グループ（計82名）が二つの同一条件と一つの異なる条件でそれぞれ英文要約を行った（計三条件づつ）。参加者は予め二種の英文が渡され、キーワードリストを作って練習をするように指示された。また、その場で新しい英文の要約を行うことも指示された。試験当日、両グループともまず練習した英文をリストとともに要約し、その後新しい英文の要約も行った。グループ1はさらに、準備したキーワードリストなしで練習した英文の要約を行った。グループ2はその場で新しい英文を読み、キーワードリストを作って要約を行った。結果として、練習したほうが、練習をしていない場合より良いが、キーワードリストは練習した場合のみに有効であることがわかった。
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Susana, Intan. "ENHANCING FOR VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH MNEMONICS KEYWORD METHOD TO THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." ENGLISH EDUCATION: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH TEACHING AND RESEARCH 2, no. 1 (2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/jetar.v2i1.725.
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This research is focused on mnemonic keyword method to enhance vocabulary mastery to the university students. Mnemonic refers to instructional or learning strategies designed specifically to enhance memory. One of the most powerful mnemonic strategies is the key word method. The keyword method is a useful mnemonic aid which can help broaden students’ vocabulary by means of speech and ultimately with reading and writing. Then keyword method effective way to provide a meaningful visual image upon which to base memory for a new word's meaning. This research involves twenty students at the first grade. The research instruments of this study are consisted of tests, observation checklist, and a questionnaire. This study was class action research. From the cycle 1 reflection result, some procedures and activities were revised. Different from the cycle 2, the researcher used mnemonic keyword method and there is no reflection. The enhancement of students’ vocabulary mastery shows with individual test and got mean score 67.75 in the cycle 1 and 79.75 in the cycle 2.In addition the enhancement of students’ vocabulary mastery in group test and got mean score 72.00 in the cycle 1 and increased to be 81.00 in the cycle 2. In this result, it shows there enhancement for vocabulary mastery through mnemonic keyword method in the first grade students at STKIP PGRI Blitar.
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Carney, Russell N., and Joel R. Levin. "Coming to Terms with the Keyword Method in Introductory Psychology: A “Neuromnemonic” Example." Teaching of Psychology 25, no. 2 (1998): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2502_15.
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An introductory psychology course presents extensive new terminology to beginning students—a lexicon that may prove difficult to master. A useful technique in this regard is the mnemonic keyword method. However, because textbook examples often focus on the acquisition of foreign vocabulary, students and instructors may not see the relevance of the keyword method for the learning of terminology in psychology. To illustrate this connection, we provide a set of “neuromnemonic” material that we developed for terminology relaxed to the central nervous system. Furthermore, we describe a simple experiment in which we compared 2 versions of our keyword approach to a repetition condition. The 2 mnemonic approaches produced advantages on an immediate definition-memory test as well as on a task that required application of the material learned. These findings provide additional evidence that mnemonic strategies facilitate more than just rote memorization of facts.
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Campos, Alfredo, Ángeles Amor, and María Ángeles González. "Presentation of Keywords by Means of Interactive Drawings." Spanish Journal of Psychology 5, no. 2 (2002): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005874.
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One of the main outstanding problems in keyword mnemotechnics is whether this technique is more effective when the subjects generate their own keywords, or when the keywords are supplied by the experimenter. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. An alternative method has recently been suggested, in which the keywords are generated by the subjects' peers. In the present study we aimed to investigate whether immediate or delayed recall are affected by keyword generation method (experimenter or peer generation). We also aimed to determine whether the method of keyword generation affects imaging capacity as evaluated by questionnaires or spatial tests. A total of 377 secondary-school students were selected and divided into four groups. All subjects were presented with 30 Latin words. Additionally, the subjects in Group 1 were presented with bizarre images, while the subjects of Group 2 were presented with normal images, in both cases representing the keywords selected by peers as interacting with the Latin words. The subjects in Groups 3 and 4 were likewise presented with normal or bizarre images, respectively, but representing the keywords selected by the experimenters. The subjects' imaging capacity was evaluated by means of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) and the Spatial Test of Primary Mental Abilities (ST-PMA). The results were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with three factors (ST-PMA imaging capacity, 2 levels; VVIQ imaging capacity, 2 levels; and mnemotechnic method, 4 levels) and dependent variables immediate recall and delayed recall. All three factors influenced recall. Subsequent univariate analyses of variance indicated that subjects with high ST-PMA score and subjects with high VVIQ score showed better immediate and delayed recall than subjects with low ST-PMA score and subjects with low VVIQ score. Mnemotechnic method (i.e. whether keywords are generated by the experimenter or by peers) significantly affected immediate recall but not delayed recall.
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Tolosa-Kline, Ayla, Elad Yom-Tov, Caitlin Hoffman, Cherie Walker-Baban, and Felicia M. T. Lewis. "Trojan Horse: An Analysis of Targeted Advertising to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among YMSM." Health Education & Behavior 48, no. 5 (2021): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10901981211000312.
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Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) increasingly use internet-based websites and geospatial apps to seek sex. Though these platforms may be useful for public health intervention, evaluations of such interventions are rare. We sought to evaluate the online behavior of young MSM of color in Philadelphia and the effectiveness of using ads to link them to DoYouPhilly.org, where users can order free condoms, lubricant, and sexually transmitted infection test kits delivered via the U.S. postal service. Method Data collection and analyses were conducted in two phases. First, we performed keyword research and analyzed web browser logs using a proprietary data set owned by Microsoft. Subsequently, we ran a Google Ads campaign using the keywords identified in the preliminary phase, and directed targeted users to the DoYouPhilly.org condom or test kit ordering pages. Results were analyzed using MATLAB 2018. Results Test kit advertisements received 5,628 impressions, 157 clicks, and 18 unique conversions. The condom advertisements received 128,007 impressions, 2,583 clicks, and 303 unique conversions. Correlation between the click-through rate and the conversion rate per keyword was ρ = −.35 ( P = .0096) and per advertisement was ρ = .40 ( P = .14). Keywords that directly related to condoms were most effective for condom ordering (42% conversion rate vs. ≤2% for other classes), while keywords emphasizing the adverse effects of unprotected sex were most effective in test kit ordering (91% conversion rate vs. 13% and 12% for other classes). Conclusions Online advertisements seemed to affect real-world sexual health behavior, as measured by orders of condoms and test kits, among a group of young MSM living in the same community.
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Beaton, Alan, Michael Gruneberg, and Nick Ellis. "Retention of foreign vocabulary learned using the keyword method: a ten-year follow-up." Second Language Research 11, no. 2 (1995): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839501100203.
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This article assesses one individual's level of recall for foreign vocabulary learned ten years previously using the keyword method. Without any revision at all, he remembered 35% of the test words with spelling fully correct and over 50% with only very minor errors of spelling. After 10 minutes spent looking at a vocabulary list, recall increased to 65% and 76% respectively. After a period of revision lasting a further 1½ hours, recall was virtually 100%. This level of recall was maintained for at least one month. The results indicate 1) that the keyword method (as incorporated in Linkword courses) may be used to learn a large list of vocabulary; and 2) this method of learning is not inimical to retention in the long term. Some theoretical aspects of the findings are discussed.
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Ratnasari, Wa Ode, Nurnia Nurnia, and Wa Ode Fatmawati. "THE EFFECT OF USING MNEMONIC STRATEGIES ON STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY ACHIEVEMENT AT SMPN 2 RAHA." Journal of Teaching English 5, no. 3 (2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jte.v5i3.13864.
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Most of the students felt difficult in learning a language because they had little vocabulary. It was caused by the students were easy forgetting new words they had learned. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether there was any significant effect of using Mnemonic strategies on students’ vocabulary achievements at the seventh grade students of SMPN 2 Raha. This research used quasi experimental design and the population was all seventh grade students of SMPN 2 Raha in academic year 2017/2018. The samples of this study were class VII11 as the experimental group and VII10 as the control group. The research instrument was using 40 questions of vocabulary test. To collect the data, the researcher gave pre-test, taught by Mnemonic strategies, and gave post-test. There were four techniques that applied in the learning process were rhyme, keyword, visualization, and narrative chain. The result showed students’ mean score in experimental group was 53.54 and 74.71 at post-test, while mean score in control group was 57.27 and 68.75 in post-test. Based on the calculation of T-test, score of tcount = 5.828 was higher than ttable = 2.00 and the pvalue = 0.000 was lower than = 0.05. Therefore, could be concluded that there was a significant effect of using mnemonic strategies on students’ vocabulary achievement at the seventh grade students of SMPN 2 Raha.
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Lovisia, Endang. "Penerapan Model Make A Match pada Pembelajaran Fisika Kelas X Sma Negeri 2 Kota Lubuklinggau." Science and Physics Education Journal (SPEJ) 1, no. 1 (2017): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/spej.v1i1.58.
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This research is titled application of Make a Match Model on Physics Learning of Class X SMA 2 Lubuklinggau. This research is based on the low learning result of physics because of lack of interest and understanding of physics learning concept of students. The purpose of this research is to know the result of physics learning of class X student of SMA Negeri 2 Lubuklinggau after application of Make a Match model. The type of research is quantitative research with quasi experimental research method, with one group pre test and post test design. The population in this study is all students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Lubuklinggau. Samples were taken randomly by drawing, so that the class X1 was obtained. Technique of collecting data using test technique. Based on the results of post-test data analysis obtained the average value of students at 79.11 with 5 percent level of disturbance obtained tcount 2.98 and ttable 1.684 for thitung great than ttable, it can be concluded that the results of physics learning class X SMA 2 Lubuklinggau after applied Model Make a Macth is significantly declared complete.
 Keyword : Physics, Learning result, Make a Match. 
 
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Zhiquan, Wang. "Trouble Of Vespa Mandarinia: Confirming the Buzz about Hornets." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 02044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124502044.
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In order to help Washington State interpret the data about Vespa mandarinia provided by the public report, and enable government agencies to adopt corresponding strategies to prioritize correct reports when resources are limited, for further investigation, this article establishes two targeted models: The first unsupervised probability prediction model. First, extract the text information of misjudgment classification in the data set, and carry out preprocessing. The data set is divided into training set and test set according to the ratio of 8:2, and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model is trained using the misjudgment classification information in the training set. After the model training is completed, this paper makes a probability prediction on the data on the test set, and evaluates the robustness of the model through the accuracy rate on the test set. The second text similarity matching model is based on feature dimensionality reduction and extracting feature keywords as vectors. The TF-IDF algorithm is used to calculate the weight of each feature keyword in the vector to form a standard bag-of-words vector for the correct witnessing of the Vespa mandarinia report. Judge by the similarity of text similarity matching model.
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Diyanthi, Dhiar Rachma, Melia Dewi Judiasri, and Dianni Risda. "EFEKTIVITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE INSIDE-OUTSIDE CIRCLE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA JEPANG (PENELITIAN EKSPERIMEN KUASI TERHADAP SISWA KELAS XII IPA 2 SMA PASUNDAN 2 BANDUNG)." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 1, no. 2 (2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v1i2.3286.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya kesempatan siswa untuk berbicara saat pembelajaran bahasa Jepang. Setengah dari sampel menyatakan bahwa selama ini kurang mendapatkan kesempatan berbicara bahasa Jepang dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jepang. Padahal saat ini siswa dituntut untuk dapat berbicara dan berkomunikasi secara global. Dan kemampuan berbicara adalah implementasi dari materi-materi pelajaran bahasa Jepang yang telah dipelajari. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, peneliti mengujicobakan metode cooperative learning tipe inside-outside circle dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jepang terhadap siswa XII IPA 2 SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya pembelajaran dengan metode ini adalah agar siswa mampu untuk berbicara dengan bahasa Jepang secara aktif dan menguji efektivitas dari metode tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen kuasi (pre-test and post-test one group). Teknik pengambilan sampling dengan cara random sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung dan sampelnya adalah 16 orang siswa kelas XII IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dan angket.Dari hasil analisa data tes diperoleh nilai t-hitung sebesar 4,205. Dan dengan db 15 pada tahap signifikansi 5% diperoleh t-tabel sebesar 2,13 dan signifikansi 1% diperoleh t-tabel sebesar 2,95. Karena nilai t-hitung > t-tabel , maka Hk diterima. Hal tersebut berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan berbicara siswa sebelum dan sesudah diterapkannya metode cooperative learning tipe inside-outside circle. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil angket yang menyatakan bahwa lebih dari setengah responden merasakan pengaruh penerapan metode cooperative learning tipe inside-outside circle terhadap kemampuan berbicara bahasa Jepang. Keyword: kemampuan berbicara, metode cooperative learning tipe inside-outside circleAbstractThis research was motivated by the lack of opportunity to speak Japanese during the class. 50% of the sample stated that they are have a small opportunity to speak Japanese during learning Japanese. Yet, in this time students are required to be able to talk and communicate globally. And the ability to speak is the implementation of Japanese language lessons. To overcome these problems, researcher tested the method of cooperative learning type of inside-outside circle in learning the Japanese language to students XII IPA 2 SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung. The purpose of the implementation of learning with this method is the students are able to speak japanese actively and to test the effectiveness of the method. This research uses a quasi experimental (pre-test and post-test one group). Sampling technique by means of random sampling. The population in this study were all high school students of SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung and the sample was 16 students of class XII IPA 2 as the experimental class. Instruments for this research is a test and questionnaire. From the analysis of obtained data, value t-count of 4,205. And with 15 db at this stage of the 5% significance was obtained t-table by 2.13 and 1% significance obtained t-table by 2.95. Because the value of t count> t-table, then Hk accepted. This means that there are significant differences in their speaking ability before and after the implementation of cooperative learning type of inside-outside circle. This is reinforced by the results of a questionnaire which states that more than half of the respondents feel the effect of the application of cooperative learning type of inside-outside circle of the ability to speak Japanese. Keyword: speaking ability, cooperative learning method type of inside-outside circle
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Keyword Test 2"
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Tamer, Ipek Puren. "Effect Of Conceptual Change Texts Accompanied With Analogies On Promoting Conceptual Change In Acid And Base Concepts." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607168/index.pdf.
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This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of conceptual change text oriented instruction accompanied with analogies over traditional instruction on tenth grade students&rsquo<br>understanding of the acid and base concepts and attitude toward science as a school subject. In addition, effect of the gender difference and science process skills on students&rsquo<br>understanding of acid and base concepts and
effect of gender difference on students&rsquo<br>attitudes toward chemistry as a school subject were also investigated.
Subjects of the study were fifty tenth grade students from the two chemistry classes of the same teacher from a public school at the center of Ankara. There were one experimental group and one control group. Two teaching methods used were randomly assigned to the already formed groups of the teacher. Experimental group received conceptual change oriented instruction by using conceptual change text accompanied with analogies and control group received traditional instruction over a period of four weeks. Acid and Base Conception Test and Attitude Scale Toward Chemistry were given to all groups as a pre-test and post-test. Science Process Skill Test was given to all groups at the beginning of the study to determine students'<br>level of science process skills. At the end of the study, interviews were hold with
randomly selected experimental and control group students from the medium achievement level to get an in-dept idea about the nature of the misconceptions related with the topic.
ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results showed that establishing an analogical thinking during the course of instruction together with a conceptual change text caused a better acquisition of
scientific conceptions and elimination of misconceptions related with acid and base concepts as compared to the traditional instruction. Because, the students in the
experimental group taking conceptual change oriented instruction performed much better in the post-test than the students in the control group taking the traditional
instruction. However, the two modes of the instruction and gender difference did not indicate a significant contribution to students&rsquo<br>attitude toward chemistry as a school
subject. Besides, results showed that science process skills of the students'<br>could be a strong predictor for their achievement in acid and base concepts whereas there was
no significant effect of gender difference on students&rsquo<br>understanding of acid and base concepts.
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Aykan, Murat. "Vibration Fatigue Analysis Of Equipments Used In Aerospace." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606147/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
VIBRATION FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENTS USED IN AEROSPACE
AYKAN, Murat
M.Sc., Department of Mechanical Engineering
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. F. Suat KADIOgLU
Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ç<br>ELiK
June 2005, 123 Pages
Metal Fatigue of dynamically loaded structures is a very common phenomenon in engineering practice. As the loading is dynamic one cannot neglect the dynamics of the structure. When the loading frequency has a wide bandwidth then there is high probability that the resonance frequencies of the structure will be excited. When this happens then one cannot assume that the structures response to the loading will remain linear in the frequency domain. Thus to overcome such situations frequency domain fatigue analysis methods exist which include the dynamics of the structure.
In this thesis, a Helicopters Self-Defensive System&rsquo<br>s Chaff/Flare Dispenser Bracket is analyzed by Vibration Fatigue Method as a part of an ASELSAN project. To obtain the loading (boundary conditions), operational flight tests with accelerometers were performed. The obtained acceleration versus time signals are analyzed and converted to Power Spectral Densities (PSD), which are functions of frequency. In order to obtain the stresses for fatigue analysis, a finite element model of the bracket has been created. The dynamics of the finite element model was verified by performing experimental modal tests on a prototype. From the verified model, stress transfer functions have been obtained and combined with the loading PSD&rsquo<br>s to get the response stress PSD&rsquo<br>s. The fatigue analysis results are verified by accelerated life tests on the prototype. Also in this study, the effect of single axis shaker testing for fatigue on the specimen is obtained.
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Erguven, Sait. "Path Extraction Of Low Snr Dim Targets From Grayscale 2-d Image Sequences." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607723/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, an algorithm for visual detecting and tracking of very low SNR targets, i.e. dim targets, is developed. Image processing of single frame in time cannot be used for this aim due to the closeness of intensity spectrums of the background and target. Therefore<br>change detection of super pixels, a group of pixels that has sufficient statistics for likelihood ratio testing, is proposed. Super pixels that are determined as transition points are signed on a binary difference matrix and grouped by 4-Connected Labeling method. Each label is processed to find its vector movement in the next frame by Label Destruction and Centroids Mapping techniques. Candidate centroids are put into Distribution Density Function Maximization and Maximum Histogram Size Filtering methods to find the target related motion vectors. Noise related mappings are eliminated by Range and Maneuver Filtering. Geometrical centroids obtained on each frame are used as the observed target path which is put into Optimum Decoding Based Smoothing Algorithm to smooth and estimate the real target path. Optimum Decoding Based Smoothing Algorithm is based on quantization of possible states, i.e. observed target path centroids, and Viterbi Algorithm.
According to the system and observation models, metric values of all possible target paths are computed using observation and transition probabilities. The path which results in maximum metric value at the last frame is decided as the estimated target path.
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Madge, Nick. "TEST: In-Progress Header RIS Submission Test by NM." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16926.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Keyword Test 2"
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Bhatia, Tarandeep Kaur. "Agile-Model-Based Sentiment Analysis From Social Media." In Big Data Management and the Internet of Things for Improved Health Systems. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5222-2.ch002.
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To study state-of-the art associated to Twitter mining replica as well as prognostic analytic by means of Agile Software Engineering. To recognize sentiment analysis by means of agile knowledge. To obtain as well as analysis given repository for classifying sentiments into positive, negative and neutral emotions. Analysing of all the tweets obtained from the twitter keywords as positive, negative or neutral opinions and comparing all the keywords to judge which keyword is better, there is a requirement to improve from the conventional ways of sentiment analysis. This paper emphasizes on the implementation of an algorithm for automatic classification of text into positive, negative or neutral by fetching the live tweets from twitter server by using twitter API. Graphical representation of the sentiment for the purpose of comparison in the form of pie chart and bar graph. Scan the twitter and fetching the Live Tweets from Twitter server using Twitter4J Advance Java Interface and implementing the Stanford NLP Library (Natural Language Parsing) using Advance Java for classifying the tweets into positive, negative and neutral tweets.
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Sipione, Concetta. "sīþ, wræcsīþ: Literal or Figurative?" In Tradurre: un viaggio nel tempo. Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-248-2/006.
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The Old English poem The Wife’s Lament is an extremely conventional and, at the same time, original text. It portrays a female character suffering for the absence of her loved one, through the framework of the so-called ‘elegiac’ style and a mainly heroic vocabulary. The traditional exile theme is, thus, interwoven with the uncommon motif of love sickness. While this appraisal of the poem is the most widely accepted one, disagreement still remains about the translation of some keywords, strictly related to the exile theme, such as sīþ or wræcsīþ. The aim of this paper is to examine diverging readings and glosses of the above mentioned ‘exilic/elegiac’ keywords, and to show that an accurate translation should not neglect a thorough appraisal of the text in its complexity and the association with related literary patterns and imagery in other poetic and prose texts.
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Vallortigara, Laura. "I fili del racconto." In Per sentiero e per foresta. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-420-2/008.
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In the four novels of Nane Oca, Giuliano Scabia reflects on the archetypes that inhabit the deeper layers of the human culture and of his imagination. These images and patterns, such forest, love, adventure, immortality, logos, just to name a few, can be found in the narrative tetralogy as recurring motifs and themes, crafted into the stories of Pavano Antico; these universal images, then, turn out to be “parole cardinali” (‘keywords’), through which it is possible to explore and understand the literary text.
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Joshi, Sudhanshu. "Social Networking in Academic Libraries." In Advances in Library and Information Science. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4070-2.ch017.
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The chapter provides a snapshot on the use of social networking in academic libraries through a systematic review of the available literature and an examination of the libraries’ presence on the most popular social networking sites. The chapter initially reviews 819 articles of empirical research, viewpoints, and case studies, based on keyword(s) search “Web 2.0 + Academic Libraries” since 2006 found in the Library Literature and Information Full Text Database. Out of full text research papers, articles with empirical studies, 328 (40% of 819), are shortlisted; all articles are from journals having impact factors (as per ISI Thomson Reuters rating 2011-12), 0.8 and above. The articles are collected from four major management and library science publishers: Ebscohost, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Emerald Insight (including EarlyCite articles, Backfiles content). The potential limitation of the study is that it does not attempt to trace out trends using any regression techniques. The extension of this study could be statistically testing the figures observed in this chapter and laying down a grounded theory approach for future research in Web 2.0 applications in libraries. The important finding is that the popularity of the various social networking sites can change quickly on the basis of e-World of Month (e-WoM).
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Tsou, Ming-Cheng. "Geographic Information Retrieval and Text Mining on Chinese Tourism Web Pages." In Models for Capitalizing on Web Engineering Advancements. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0023-2.ch012.
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The World Wide Web (WWW) offers an enormous wealth of information and data, and assembles a tremendous amount of knowledge. Much of this knowledge, however, comprises either non-structured data or semi-structured data. To make use of these unexploited or underexploited resources more efficiently, the management of information and data gathering has become an essential task for research and development. In this paper, the author examines the task of researching a hostel or homestay using the Google search web service as a base search engine. From the search results, mining, retrieving and sorting out location and semantic data were carried out by combining the Chinese Word Segmentation System with text mining technology to find geographic information gleaned from web pages. The results obtained from this particular searching method allowed users to get closer to the answers they sought and achieve greater accuracy, as the results included graphics and textual geographic information. In the future, this method may be suitable for and applicable to various types of queries, analyses, geographic data collection, and in managing spatial knowledge related to different keywords within a document.
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Kartal, Burcu, and Mehmet Fatih Sert. "Review of the Studies Related to COVID-19 and Tourism Using Text Mining Techniques." In Handbook of Research on the Impacts and Implications of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8231-2.ch043.
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This study aims to provide a roadmap for research dealing with the tourism sector. In this context, by conducting a study in the form of a literature review, researchers are informed about what has been done and what is missing. In the study, articles that have been accepted from scientific journals indexed in the SCOPUS database before January 18, 2021 and dealing with COVID-19 and tourism issues are examined. The study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, descriptive statistics were given in terms of the region studied in the articles, the journal in which the articles were published, and the methods used in the articles from a general perspective. In the second stage, articles are divided into sections such as title, keywords, abstract, and conclusion. Each article section has been analyzed separately with text mining and clustering analysis, taking into account both single and double-word groups. As a result of analysis, it was determined that theoretical studies were carried out and quantitative methods were used in most of the studies.
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Yang, Kenneth C. C., and Yowei Kang. "A Text Mining Analysis of Faculty Reflective Narratives on Their Participation in the TeachTech Program at The University of Texas at El Paso." In Fostering Communication and Learning With Underutilized Technologies in Higher Education. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4846-2.ch013.
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The University of Texas at El Paso has launched the TeachTech Program to help its instructors to learn and implement the applications of new instructional technologies in the university classrooms. The objectives of this chapter are to examine what faculty members have experienced after taking part in the TeachTech Program. This study employed an online interview method to solicit past and present TeachTech Program participants (N=17) to share their experiences. Participants responded to a questionnaire hosted at QuestionPro. Faculty recurrent keywords and key phrases were collected from participants' experiential narratives. Using the key phrase extraction functions from QDA Miner and WordStat has found the following phrases related to their experiences: “incorporate technology,” “collaborate sessions,” “hybrid version,” “desire to learn,” and “solve problems.” Implications and discussions were provided.
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Wang, Ying-Hong. "A Spatial Relationship Method Supports Image Indexing and Similarity Retrieval." In Multimedia Technologies. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-953-3.ch112.
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The increasing availability of image and multimedia-oriented applications markedly impacts image/multimedia file and database systems. Image data are not well-defined keywords such as traditional text data used in searching and retrieving functions. Consequently, various indexing and retrieving methodologies must be defined based on the characteristics of image data. Spatial relationships represent an important feature of objects (called icons) in an image (or picture). Spatial representation by 2-D String and its variants, in a pictorial spatial database, has been attracting growing interest. However, most 2-D Strings represent spatial information by cutting the icons out of an image and associating them with many spatial operators. The similarity retrievals by 2-D Strings require massive geometric computation and focus only on those database images that have all the icons and spatial relationships of the query image. This study proposes a new spatial-relationship representation model called “Two Dimension Begin-End boundary string” (2D Be-string). The 2D Be-string represents an icon by its MBR boundaries. By applying “dummy objects,” the 2D Be-string can intuitively and naturally represent the pictorial spatial information without any spatial operator. A method of evaluating image similarities, based on the modified “Longest Common Subsequence” (LCS) algorithm, is presented. The proposed evaluation method can not only sift out those images of which all icons and their spatial relationships fully accord with query images, but for those images whose icons and/or spatial relationships are similar to those of query images. Problems of uncertainty in the query targets and/or spatial relationships thus solved. The representation model and similarity evaluation also simplify the retrieval progress of linear transformations, including rotation and reflection, of images.
Conference papers on the topic "Keyword Test 2"
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Zaini, Muhamad Fadzllah, Anida Saruddin, and Mazura Mastura Muhammad. "A Study of Malay Manuscripts (Petua Membina Rumah): Geometric Pattern Lexical Density." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.11-1.
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This study examines the lexical density of classical Malay texts. This study is divided into three main parts, namely, (1) the form of the keyword list in a classic text compared to a current text, (2) 10 keywords that appear as a result of the Simple Math Procedure (SMP) test, and (3) geometrical patterns that are produced to examine the lexical representations of classical texts according to their SMP values. This study uses the SMP as is pre-defined in the LancsBox 4.5 software. This study was conducted on seven classical texts that have been developed in the Korpus Petua Membina Rumah (KPMR) (Tips for Building a Home Corpus). The rationale of this study is to test lexical density as a complex lexical representation in classical texts. In addition, the relation between text and community was also highlighted as a phenomenon of traditional knowledge and feudal thought.
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Zaini, Muhamad Fadzllah, Anida Saruddin, Mazura Mastura Muhammad, and Siti Saniah Abu Bakar. "Perception And Metaphorical Smell: A Malay Manuscript Study (Petua Membina Rumah) as an Asian Text." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.11-2.
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Scholars of architecture have at times recorded sense of smell metaphors in the site selection processes of Malay houses. This has been described in several manuscripts within discourses of Tips of Building a Home (Petua Membina Rumah). This paper analyses smell metaphors using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The theoretical framework is based on a corpus, which generates three sets of manuscript data, namely MSS741, MSS1521 and Tajul Muluk, to access the Keyword In Context (KWIC) of bau (smell) and baunya (its smell). This paper uses a qualitative study design around a Malay manuscript. Three main findings emerged from this paper. First, the existence of the metaphor of ‘smell’ contained in the Malay manuscripts was evident. Secondly, the conceptual metaphor was formed according to domain structures such as smell, sound, touch, taste, vision and spirituality. Third, the metaphor of ‘smell’ aligns with feeling, which suggests that humans can use the tongue to sense odours. This study thus becomes significant in explaining the ways in which the concept of smell is linguistically coded in the Malay language and attempts to present elements of Malay wisdom based on the ‘smell’ metaphors.
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Ria, Matilda Bupu, Clara Yunita Ina Ola, and Damita Palalangan. "Difference in Effectiveness of Warm Ginger Water Compress and Sour Turmeric on Reducing Primary Menstrual Pain in Midwifery Students at Maranatha School Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.35.
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ABSTRACT Background: Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation felt by adolescent women, usually felt with cramps and concentrated in the lower abdomen. Complaints of menstrual pain can vary, ranging from mild to severe. This study aimed to prove the difference between the effectiveness of warm ginger water compress and the consumption of sour turmeric on reducing primary menstrual pain in students of Study Program of Diploma-III in Midwifery, Institute of Health Science Maranatha, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment conducted at Maranatha school, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, in 2019. A sample of 60 female students with menstrual pain was divided into two groups: (1) 30 students in the experimental group received warm ginger compresses, and (2) 30 students in the control group received turmeric and sour drinks. The dependent variable was menstrual pain, which was measured by visual analog scale (VAS). The independent variable was dysmenorrhea pain reliever herbal medicine (either warm compresses of ginger or tamarind turmeric). The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: Mean pain score in tamarind turmeric drink group (Mean= 27.32; SD = 1.38) was lower than the mean pain score in the ginger warm compresses (Mean = 33.68; SD = 1.38), and it was statistically significant (p= 0.148). Conclusion: Tamarind turmeric drink is more effective than the ginger warm compresses in relieving dysmenorrhea. Keyword: Primary Menstrual Pain, Warm Ginger Compress, Consumption of Turmeric and Acid. Correspondence: Matilda Bupu Ria. Study Program of Diploma-III in Midwifery, Institute of Health Science Maranatha, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Jl. Kamp. Bajawa Nasipanaf, Kupang district, East Nusa Tenggara. Telp/Fax: 0380-8552971. E-mail: matildabupuria19@gmail.com. Mobile +6281241254153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.35
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Morris, Elissa, and Daniel A. McAdams. "Bioinspired Origami: Case Studies Using a Keyword Search Algorithm." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22228.
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Abstract Numerous folding patterns, structures, and behaviors exist in nature that may provide design solutions to engineering problems. While applying biological solutions to engineering design is evidently valuable, the retrieval of useful design inspiration remains a primary challenge preventing the transfer of knowledge from biology to the engineering domain. In prior research, information retrieval techniques are employed to retrieve useful biological design solutions and a text-based search algorithm is developed to return passages where folding in nature is observed. The search algorithm, called FoldSearch, integrates tailored biological keywords and filtering methods to retrieve passages from an extensive biological corpus. The objective of this paper is two-fold — 1) to demonstrate the functionality of FoldSearch, and 2) to create abstract models of the retrieved biological systems from FoldSearch which can be used for the development of novel origami crease patterns and foldable structures. In this paper, the utility of FoldSearch is demonstrated through two case studies where the retrieved biological examples undergo a design abstraction process that leads to the development of bioinspired origami crease patterns and novel foldable structures. The abstraction process is presented as a systematic design methodology for bioinspired origami for the growing research field of origami engineering.
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Suprayogi, Dody, Agus Kristiyanto, and Hanung Prasetya. "Meta Analysis: The Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Stroke." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.46.
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ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes can cause pathologic changes in blood vessels at various locations and can lead to stroke if cerebral vessels are directly affected. Additionally, mortality is higher and poststroke outcomes are poorer in patients with stroke with uncontrolled glucose levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus in stroke. Subjects and Method: Meta analysis and systematic review was conducted by collecting published articles from PubMed, Science Direct, Google Sscholar, Mendeley, and Clinical key databases. Keywords used “Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Stroke” AND “Risk Factor of Stroke” AND “Cross-sectional”. The inclusion criteria were full text and using cross-sectional study design. The articles were collected and selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. Results: Meta analysis from 6 studies reported that type 2 DM increased the risk of stroke (aOR= 1.90; 95% CI= 1.41 to 2.57; p<0.001) with heterogeneity (I2= 78%). Conclusion: Type 2 DM increases the risk of stroke. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke Correspondence: Dody Suprayogi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: 23dhodik.yogi@gmail.com. Mobile: 08562772052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.46
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Islami, Dian Dini, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, and Hanung Prasetya. "The Effect of Insulin Provision on the Risk Reduction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.49.
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ABSTRACT Background: Insulin is the pivotal hormone regulating cellular energy supply and macronutrient balance, directing anabolic processes of the fed state. Insulin is essential for the intra-cellular transport of glucose into insulin-dependent tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of insulin provision on the risk reduction of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer Link databases, from 2010-2020. Keywords used “effect insulin” OR “giving insulin” AND “diabetes mellitus” OR “diabetes” AND “cross sectional” AND “adjusted odd ratio”. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English or Indonesia language, and using crosssectional study design. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis from 5 studies in Ethiopia, Northeast Ethiopia, Taiwan, African American, and South Korea, reported that insulin provision reduced the risk of diabetes mellitus (aOR= 1.89; 95% CI= 1.82 to 3.57; p= 0.05) with I2= 84%. Conclusion: Insulin provision reduced the risk of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: insulin, type 2 diabetes mellitus Correspondence: Dian Dini Islami. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: dian.dinii94@gmail.com. Mobile: 085729483960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.49
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Septiani, Anissa Eka, Bhisma Murti, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Hanung Prasetya. "Meta-Anaylsis: Gender and the Risk of Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Foot Ulcer." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.37.
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ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes is an independent predictor of limb amputation (versus revascularization) for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. Much of the cost related to diabetes results from macrovascular and microvascular complications, such as myocardial infarctions, end-stage renal disease, and lower extremity amputations (LEAs). This study aimed to examine the associations between gender and the risk of lower extremity amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and foot ulcer. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted by collected published articles from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer Link databases. Lower limb amputation, lower extremity amputation, diabetic foot, and diabetic ulcer keywords were used to collect the articles. The inclusion criteria were full text, cohort study, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The selected articles were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and revman 5.3. Results: 9 articles were reported that male increased the risk of lower extremity amputation in type 2 DM patients (aOR= 1.60; 95% CI= 1.32 to 1.94; p<0.001). Conclusion: Male increases the risk of lower extremity amputation in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: lower extremity amputation, type 2 diabetes mellitus, foot ulcer Correspondence: Anissa Eka Septiani. Masters Program in Public Heath, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: sanissaeka@gmail.com. Mobile: 089514646458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.37
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Doležal, Rafael, Natálie Karásková, Nadezhda V. Maltsevskaya, and Karel Kolář. "SUPPORTING CONCEPTUAL LEARNING IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THROUGH SEMI-EMPIRICAL MOLECULAR MODELING: HEURISTICS OF DIELS-ALDER [4+2] CYCLOADITIONS FOR PREPARATION OF POTENTIAL TLR4 MODULATORS." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2017). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2017.39.
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A vast majority of novices in universities predominantly utilize algorithmic mental processes to resolve assigned tasks and tests. Although algorithmic thinking is an essential part of human cognitive functions, experts on didactics call for methods, which develop also conceptual thinking in beginners. Currently, heuristic molecular modeling gains an important position in chemistry education since it inherently integrates several conceptual thinking principles. Herein, it is focused on computational analysis of eight potential immunomodulators prepared by Diels-Alder reactions to exemplify conceptualized chemistry learning. Keywords: conceptual learning, diels-alder cycloadditions, molecular modeling, RM1, activation energy.
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Aghniya, Rofana, Bhisma Murti, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, and Hanung Prasetya. "The Effect of Depression Comorbidity on the Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.56.
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Background: The prevalence of depression is two to three times higher in diabetic patients, while most cases remain undiagnosed. The quality of life is substantially and adversely affected by depression. This study aimed to estimate the effect of depression comorbidity on patients’ quality of life with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting published articles from PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, Spinger Link, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “comorbidity depression and DM”, “depression and quality of life and DM and cross sectional study”, “depression and quality of life and DM and adjusted odd ratio”, “depression or diabetes”, “depression or quality of life or DM or adjusted odd ratio”. The study criteria were full text, using cross-sectional study design, and reporting adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). The selected articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3 with fixed effect models. Results: 8 studies from Uganda, Iran, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Nigeria, Brazil, and Nepal, were selected for this study. Current study reported that type 2 DM patients with depression had lower quality of life than those without depression (aOR= 2.72; 95% CI= 0.73 to 10.07; p<0.0001) Conclusion: Type 2 DM patient with depression has lower quality of life than those without depression. Keywords: depression, quality of life, diabetes mellitus Correspondence: Rofana Aghniya. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: rofanaaa@gmail.com. Mobile: +685523528340.
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Juškaite, Loreta. "DATA MINING IN EDUCATION: ONLINE TESTING IN LATVIAN SCHOOLS." In 3rd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2019). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2019.86.
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The new research results on the online- testing method in the Latvian education system for a learning process assessment are presented. Data mining is a very important field in education because it helps to analyse the data gathered in various researches and to implement the changes in the education system according to the learning methods of students. The aim of the research was to analyze how much time students devote to each task depending on the task type and the cognitive activity level in the online national test. Research methods: 1) analysis of scientific literature; 2) descriptive statistics and dependency analysis for processing the data. Research results showed that the time spent on tasks depends not on the complexity of the task but on the form and formulation of it. Keywords: online test, data mining, cognitive actitity level.
Reports on the topic "Keyword Test 2"
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, et al. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.
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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.