Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Keywords: Dynamics'

This study tries to understand the internal dynamics of the civil society organizations in Turkey on the experiences of three CSOs: the Ankara Branches of KADER, MAZLUMDER and IMO by focusing on the intra&ndash<br>organizational practices (the decision making processes, elections, general meetings, division of labor, basic conflicts and divergences, the disagreements, the way of deliberation and consensus). It tries to shed light on the transformative potential of the CSO&rsquo<br>s in public sphere as civil organizations themselves in time both in the sense of their political stances and organizational structure. The research was designed in the form of a case study including both the depth interwiews and participant observations. In this framework, ten depth-interviews were made with members having different qualities for each of these CSOs and participant observations were realized in the general meetings, elections and activities of these organizations. Since the aim of this study is to understand the contribution of the CSOs to the public sphere, the research findings were interpreted and considered basically in the light of the two main theoretical positions: the deliberative (Habermas) and agonistic (Laclau and Mouffe) democracy. The study espoused a post-structuralist conception of democracy combined with a weakened model of deliberation and dialogue pointing out the requirement of the existential publicity of man (Arendt) in the world. In this context, this study tries to discuss the following questions within the framework of the public sphere experience of the three CSOs throughout the thesis. Is the concept of civil society a proper concept for understanding the peculiar experience of Turkey (with reference to the historical context of civil associational life in Turkey and the recent civil resurrection)? Do civil organizations have the capacity to serve for deepening and consolidation of democracy in public sphere? Are these civil organizations democratic and participatory with regard to their intra-organizational structures and decision-making processes? And, more importantly, do they have any capacity to influence the process of democratic transformation in Turkey?

Voice user interfaces have been growing in popularity and with them an interest for open vocabulary keyword spotting. In this thesis we focus on one particular approach to open vocabulary keyword spotting, query by example keyword spotting. Three types of query by example keyword spotting approaches are described and evaluated: sequence distances, speech to phonemes and deep distance learning. Evaluation is done on a series of custom tasks designed to measure a variety of aspects. The Google Speech Commands benchmark is used for evaluation as well, this to make it more comparable to existing works. From the results, the deep distance learning approach seem most promising in most environments except when memory is very constrained; in which sequence distances might be considered. The speech to phonemes methods is lacking in the usability evaluation.<br>Röstgränssnitt har växt i populäritet och med dem ett intresse för öppenvokabulärnyckelordsigenkänning. I den här uppsatsen fokuserar vi på en specifik form av öppenvokabulärnyckelordsigenkänning, den s.k nyckelordsigenkänning- genom- exempel. Tre typer av nyckelordsigenkänning- genom- exempel metoder beskrivs och utvärderas: sekvensavstånd, tal till fonem samt djupavståndsinlärning. Utvärdering görs på konstruerade uppgifter designade att mäta en mängd olika aspekter hos metoderna. Google Speech Commands data används för utvärderingen också, detta för att göra det mer jämförbart mot existerade arbeten. Från resultaten framgår det att djupavståndsinlärning verkar mest lovande förutom i miljöer där resurser är väldigt begränsade; i dessa kan sekvensavstånd vara av intresse. Tal till fonem metoderna visar brister i användningsuvärderingen.

This thesis is aimed on design keyword detector. The work contains a description of the methods that are used for these purposes and design of algorithm for keyword detection. The proposed detector is based on the method of DTW (Dynamic Time Warping). Analysis of the problem was performed on the module programmed in ANSI C, which was created within the thesis. The results of the detector were evaluated using the metrics WER (word error rate) and AUC (area under curve).

In this study, dynamic effects on high speed railway bridges under moving traffic are investigated. Within this context, the clear definition of the possible dynamic effects is provided and the related studies that exist in literature are investigated. In the light of those studies, analytical procedures that are defined to find the critical dynamic responses such as deflections, accelerations and resonance conditions are examined and a MatLab programming language is written to obtain the responses for different train loading and velocity values. The reliability of the written program is conformed by comparing the results with the related studies in literature. In addition to the analytical procedures, the approaches in the European standards concerning the dynamic effects of railway traffic are defined. A case study is investigated for a bridge that is in the scope of the Ankara-Sivas High Speed Railway Project. The related bridge is modeled by using finite element program, SAP2000 according to the definitions that are stated in European standards. The related high speed railway bridge is analysed with a real train which is French TGV together with the HSLM trains that are defined in Eurocode and the results obtained are compared with each other. This study also includes the analysis of the bridges performed for 7 different stiffness and 3 different mass values to determine the parameters affecting dynamic behaviour.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Elderly people are going to be a growing number in Europe. Between one third are going to be 60 years or older at 2025. For Sweden the situation is going to be similar. A reduced muscle function could lead to complications for the individual to perform daily tasks and will lead to a higher rate for falling and getting bone fractures. The positive sides are that for men and women there are a possibility for maintaining physical function and strength even in older years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of gaining strength in M. Quadriceps femoris among five elderly people. The training schedule followed over 6 weeks of time with training sessions twice a week, training the Quadriceps muscle with one set of each training session. The result shows that for the three people that completed the study, all of them managed to gain strength. Further the study examines resistance training comparing single and multiple sets. Is there any difference in gaining strength between training programs with single set training versus multiple sets training?</p>

Dynamic speech properties such as time warping, silence removal and background noise interference are the most challenging issues in continuous speech signal matching. Among all of them, the time warped speech signal matching is of great interest and has been a tough challenge for the researchers. An adaptive framing based continuous speech tracking and similarity measurement approach is introduced in this work following a comprehensive research conducted in the diverse areas of speech processing. A dynamic state model is introduced based on system of linear motion equations which models the input (test) speech signal frame as a unidirectional moving object along the template speech signal. The most similar corresponding frame position in the template speech is estimated which is fused with a feature based similarity observation and the noise variances using a Kalman filter. The Kalman filter provides the final estimated frame position in the template speech at current time which is further used for prediction of a new frame size for the next step. In addition, a keyword spotting approach is proposed by introducing wavelet decomposition based dynamic noise filter and combination of beliefs. The Dempster’s theory of belief combination is deployed for the first time in relation to keyword spotting task. Performances for both; speech tracking and keyword spotting approaches are evaluated using the statistical metrics and gold standards for the binary classification. Experimental results proved the superiority of the proposed approaches over the existing methods.

<p>This thesis applies the dynamic capabilities framework to identify and examine the dynamic capabilities creating sustainable competitive advantage in the context of a developing economy. The attempt to explain sustainable competitive advantage by reacting to environmental changes has at all times been a highly discussed topic for research. The globalized and unstable environment often found in developing areas increases the need for more dynamic models when analyzing how to gain competitive advantage. To meet this demand, the dynamic capability framework introduces a very promising effort to better understand superior enterprise performance over time.</p><p> </p><p>This thesis intends to increase the understanding of the role of dynamic capabilities and analyze the knowledge of successful entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises effectively can outperform competition in the unstable South African environment. More specific, the focus is mainly on strategic decisions and the empirical study consists of qualitative case studies of four successful entrepreneurs. This data is collected through semi-structured interviews in Cape Town. The strategic decisions are first analyzed within each case – applying selected parts of an existing framework – and thereafter a cross-sectional analysis is done in order to find both the similarities and differences between entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that all entrepreneurs in the analysis have the characteristics and skills to create dynamic capabilities within the process of sensing, seizing and reconfiguring opportunities. Furthermore, three main factors – maintaining a consistent long-term vision, placing the customer need in focus, and using the competence and resources wisely – are identified as features, which made these four entrepreneurs successful and helped them sustain the superior firm performance over time. In addition, these three factors must be adaptable to rapid and unexpected changes. Overall the findings suggest that when analyzing competitive advantage, the sensing, shaping and reconfiguration of opportunities must be seen as constant.  Lastly, the complete process containing different fundamental classes of dynamic capabilities should not be separated.</p><p> </p><p>The study demonstrates the relevance of the dynamic capabilities approach in identifying competitive advantage, which is based on the firm’s dynamic capabilities. The fact that small and medium enterprises are important for the economic growth in developing countries makes this study an important field for research.</p>

We live in the information age. Data has become an essential asset for most everyday situations and business interactions. The need to share data, to generate information, and create new knowledge from that data is common to all fields of research and all economic activity. Managing data is a critical, and sometimes costly, process. When not properly defined, data might become incomplete, inconsistent or, even worse, unusable. Requirements for data evolve and we must define new data or update existing data over the entire data lifecycle. Evolving data requirements is an important issue and a technological challenge as it is not possible to define, in advance, information structures that meet requirements you do not yet know. Specifying information requirements is particularly challenging in domains such as manufacturing where information exchange involves many actors and sharing across multiple functions and software applications. As a result, it becomes hard to find a common information structure for representing data. The challenge is even bigger when a temporal aspect has to be considered since it requires the ability to extend the information structure dynamically over time. One area within the manufacturing domain that we have identified with these characteristics is Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). PLM involves many global actors using a myriad of software applications that perform a series of product management functions that can last from weeks to decades. Because the mechanism to extend models is static by its nature, requiring numerous updates of the initial information model, this operation is expensive in cost and time, and requires and understanding of the entire initial model to ensure correct extensions are developed. This research presents an alternative based on dynamic customization of information models in the context of PLM, by leveraging existing PLM standards and frameworks, and using emerging semantic web technologies such as OWL, SPARQL and SPIN. Following a state of the art in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 defines technical requirements used to evaluate existing PLM standards and frameworks. Based on the analysis of this evaluation, Chapter 4 presents new framework components for defining dynamically customizable information models for PLM. In chapter 5 these components are integrated together into a framework, and a use case demonstrates the efficiency of the framework. Chapter 6 concludes the research and introduces ideas for future research.

MMA (mixed martial arts) has expanded globally as entertainment, training and competition in recent years. MMA is a sport where techniques such as punches, kicks, throws and joints are used to defeat the opponent in unarmed close combat. Standing techniques such as punches and kicks are of great importance in sports and coaches / athletes strive to develop efficient techniques. The study investigates how UFC athletes work with distance moves relative to each other in knockout or tech knockout matches, comparisons were also made between a heavier and an easier weight class to detect any differences in behavior. Data was collected through a match observation where a total of 50 matches from the MMA event were collected with reverse chronological order starting from fight night Johnson VS Reis. The results showed that there were differences between movement and non-occupation at KO / TKO, but also that they were not significant. The same conclusion was made for comparisons between the weight classes. When there was an individual move, it was most common for it to move forward and the most common movement between athletes was forwards. Handling of dynamic and static distances is likely to have impact on elite athletes within MMA, but the results show that the difference between athletes in different weight classes is not significant and is likely to be affected to an equal extent by individual athletes' skills.<br>Kampsporten MMA (mixed martial arts) har expanderat globalt som underhållning, träning och tävling under de senaste åren. MMA är en sport där tekniker som slag, sparkar, kast och ledlås används för att besegra motståndaren i obeväpnad närkamp. Stående tekniker som slag och spark är av stor vikt inom sporten och tränare/atleter strävar efter att utveckla dessa tekniker på effektivaste sätt. Studien undersöker hur atleter inom UFC arbetar med distanshantering i förhållande till varandra vid matcher som avgjordes med knockout eller tekniskknockout, jämförelser gjordes också mellan en tyngre och en lättare viktklass för att påvisa eventuella skillnader i beteende. Data samlades in genom en matchobservation där totalt 50 matcher från MMA event samlades in med omvänd kronologisk ordning med start från galan fight night Johnson VS Reis. Resultatet visade att det fanns skillnader mellan rörelse och ickerörelse vid KO/TKO, men också att dessa inte var signifikanta. Samma slutsats gällde vid jämförelser mellan viktklasserna. När det skedde en enskild rörelse var det vanligaste att den skedde framåt och den vanligaste rörelsekombinationen mellan atleterna var framåt-framåt. Hantering av dynamisk och statiskdistans har med stor sannolikhet en betydande inverkan för elitatleter inom MMA, men resultatet visar att skillnaden mellan atleter i olika viktklasser inte är signifikant och påverkas troligen i lika stor utsträckning av individuella färdigheter hos atleterna.

Les protéines de choc thermique Hsp70 [70 kDa Heat Shock Protein] sont considérées comme des chaperons moléculaires très importants qui assistent au repliement des protéines naissantes ainsi qu’au repliement des protéines dénaturées en condition de stress dans le milieu intracellulaire. Les protéines Hsp70 sont présentes chez tous les organismes, tels que l’humain, la bactérie ou encore la levure et ont pour propriété d’avoir une séquence d’acides aminés hautement conservée entre les différentes espèces. [...] Ainsi la connaissance à l’échelle atomique des structures de la protéine hHsp70 dans ses conformations ouverte et fermée est un prérequis essentiel pour comprendre les interactions entre les deux domaines NBD et SBD de la protéine et pour élucider les mécanismes de communication inter-domaine. Cependant, il n’existe pas de structure expérimentale complète de la protéine hHsp70. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les structures « tout-atome » des conformations ouverte et fermée de la protéine hHsp70, qui ont été modélisées par homologie à partir de la structure par diffraction des rayons X [DRX] de la protéine Hsp110 de la levure Sacharomyces cerevisae [dans la conformation ouverte] et à partir de la structure résolue par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire [RMN] de la protéine Hsp70 de la bactérie E. coli [dans la conformation fermée]. Ces deux modèles structuraux de la protéine humaine Hsp70, dans les états ouvert et fermé, ont ensuite été relaxés par dynamique moléculaire non biaisée à la température de 300K en utilisant un solvant explicite sur une échelle de temps respectivement de 2.7 et 0.5 μs. L’hétérogénéité conformationelle de la protéine hHsp70 observée dans les simulations de dynamique moléculaire a été comparée à celle extraite d’expériences de resonance par transfert d’énergie entre fluorophores [FRET pour Förster resonance energy transfer] et de diffraction aux petits angles [SAXS pour Small Angle X-ray Scattering] effectuées sur des protéines homologues à hHsp70. [...] Une fois les structures 3D « tout-atome » résolues, la transition entre la conformation ouverte et la conformation fermée [et vice-versa] des protéines Hsp70 a été étudiée en utilisant deux techniques de simulations numériques : une analyse des modes normaux [Normal Mode Analysis où NMA] de la protéine Hsp70 dans chacune de ces deux conformations et une nouvelle méthode développée au cours de cette thèse, basée sur le concept de paysage d’énergie libre [Free-Energy Landscape où FEL]. [...] Cette étude a également permis d’identifier les sous-domaines et résidus clés qui apparaissent comme jouant un rôle important dans la dynamique conformationelle de la protéine Hsp70 dans l’approximation harmonique. Pour comprendre comment la fixation du nucléotide dans le domaine NBD peut engendrer un changement important de conformation de la protéine Hsp70, nous avons réalisé des simulations de dynamique moléculaire tout-atome non biaisée [sur une échelle de temps de 2 μs] de la protéine Hsp70 de la bactérie E. coli [appelée E. coli DnaK], dans trois conditions de nucléotides différentes [liée à l’ATP, liée à l’ADP et sans nucléotide]. [...] Finalement, en combinant l’analyse des modes normaux et du paysage d’énergie libre de la protéine Hsp70, nous avons pu établir une liste de résidus et de structures locales impliqués dans la dynamique conformationelle et dans les mécanismes de communication de la protéine hHsp70. La plupart de ces résidus ont été identifiés expérimentalement comme jouant un rôle crucial dans la communication entre les domaines NBD et le domaine SBD de protéines Hsp70 homologues. Notre étude nous a également permis d’identifier de nouveaux résidus clés. Ces nouveaux résidus pourraient être testés expérimentalement par mutagénèse et leurs positions pourraient être de nouvelles cibles pour la fixation d’inhibiteurs de fonctions biologiques de Hsp70, notamment dans le cas de tumeurs cancéreuses<br>The 70 kDa heat shock proteins [Hsp70s] are key molecular chaperones which assist in the correct folding of nascent proteins and refolding of proteins under stress conditions in the intracellular environment. Hsp70s are present in all organisms and are highly conserved between the different species. [...] The conformational dynamics between the two conformations is governed by the ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and by nucleotide exchange through an allosteric mechanism which is not fully understood.Knowledge of the conformations of hHsp70 at the atomic level is central to understand the interactions between its NBD and SBD. However, no complete structure of hHsp70 is known. In the present thesis, we report two conformations of hHsp70, constructed by homology modeling from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-chaperone protein Hsp110 [openconformation] and from the bacteria Escherichia coli Hsp70 [closed conformation]. The open and closed conformations of hHsp70 built by homology were relaxed by using unbiased all-atom molecular dynamics [MD] simulations at 300 K in explicit solvent on a timescale of 2.7 and 0.5 μs, respectively. The conformational heterogeneity of hHsp70 observed in MD simulations was comparedwith those extracted from single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer [FRET]experiments and to small-angle X-ray scattering [SAXS] data of Hsp70 homologs. [...] In the present thesis, the transitions between the open and closed conformation of Hsp70s were studied by using two different computational methods: the Normal Mode Analysis [NMA] and a new method developed in the present thesis based on the Free-Energy Landscape [FEL] concept.[...] These collective modes provide a mechanistic representation of the communication between the NBD and the SBD and allow us to identify subdomains and residues that appear to have a critical role in the conformational dynamics of Hsp70s in the harmonicapproximation. Second, in order to understand how the nucleotide binding in the NBD of Hsp70 induces a conformational change of the whole protein, we performed unbiased all-atom MD simulations [2 μs] of E. coli Hsp70 [named E. Coli DnaK], in three different nucleotide-binding states [ATPbound,ADP-bound and nucleotide free]. [...] Finally, by combining the NMA and the FEL analysis, we established a list of the local structures and of the residues relevant for the conformational dynamics and for the interdomain communication in hHsp70. Most of these residues could be related to previous experimental evidences of their role in the interdomain communication between the NBD and SBD domains of Hsp70 homologs but other were never identified before. All the relevant residues found in MD could be tested experimentally by mutational analysis and could be crucial locations to dock small peptides and for the design of inhibitors for the cancer therapy

ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF VERTICAL EXCITATION ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES AND HOLD-DOWN DEVICE REQUIREMENT Domani&ccedil<br>, Kemal Arman M.S., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Alp Caner February 2008, 152 pages Most bridge specifications ignore the contribution of vertical motion in earthquake analyses. However, vertical excitation can develop significant damage, especially at bearing locations as indeed was the case in the recent 1999 izmit Earthquake. These observations, combined with recent developments in the same direction, supplied the motivation to investigate the effects of vertical component of strong ground motion on standard highway bridges in this study. Reliability checks of hold-down device requirements per AASHTO Bridge Specifications have been conducted in this context. Six spectrum compatible accelerograms were generated and time history analyses were performed to observe the uplift at bearings. Selected case studies included precast pre-stressed I-girders with concrete slab, composite steel I-girders, post-tensioned concrete box section, and composite double steel box section. According to AASHTO specifications, hold-down devices were required in two cases, for which actual forces obtained from time history analyses have been compared with those suggested per AASHTO. The only non-linearity introduced to the analyses was at the bearing level. A discussion of effects on substructure response as well as compressive bearing forces resulting from vertical excitation is also included. The results of the study confirmed that the provisions of AASHTO governing hold-down devices are essential and reasonably accurate. On the other hand, they might be interpreted as well to be suggesting that vertical ground motion components could also be included in the load combinations supplied by AASHTO, especially to be able to estimate pier axial forces and cap beam moments accurately under combined vertical and horizontal excitations.

iv ABSTRACT ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF GUIDED MISSILES Tiryaki Kutluay, Kadriye Ph.D., Department of Aerospace Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ilkay Yavrucuk February 2011, 147 Pages This thesis presents applications and an analysis of various adaptive control augmentation schemes to various baseline flight control systems of an air to ground guided missile. The missile model used in this research has aerodynamic control surfaces on its tail section. The missile is desired to make skid to turn maneuvers by following acceleration commands in the pitch and yaw axis, and by keeping zero roll attitude. First, a linear quadratic regulator baseline autopilot is designed for the control of the missile acceleration in pitch axis at a single point in the flight envelope. This baseline autopilot is then augmented with a Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (DMRAC) scheme using Neural Networks for parameter estimation, and an L1 Adaptive Control scheme. Using the linearized longitudinal model of the missile at the design point, simulations are performed to analyze and demonstrate the performance of the two adaptive augmentation schemes. By injecting uncertainties to the plant model, the effects of adaptive augmentations on the linear baseline autopilot are examined. v Secondly, a high fidelity simulation software of the missile is used in order to analyze the performance of the adaptive augmentations in 6 DoF nonlinear flight simulations. For the control of the missile in three axis, baseline autopilots are designed using dynamic inversion at a single point in the flight envelope. A linearizing transformation is employed during the inversion process. These coarsely designed baseline autopilots are augmented with L1 adaptive control elements. The performance of the adaptive control augmentation system is tested in the presence of perturbations in the aerodynamic model and increase in input gain, and the simulation results are presented.

Il presente lavoro di tesi ha l’obiettivo di approfondire la conoscenza dei diversi aspetti del marketing del food & beverage, in considerazione dei molteplici cambiamenti occorsi e derivanti non solo dalla tecnologia ma anche dalle preferenze dei consumatori. A tal proposito, la ricerca adotta una triplice prospettiva, prendendo in considerazione l’analisi degli attori fondamentali esperti delle dinamiche del settore: gli insegnanti di educazione alimentare nelle scuole italiene; i professionisti di marketing, trade marketing e vendite nei loro processi di integrazione; le startup digitali coinvolte nello sviluppo di progetti che innovano i canali e le modalità distributivi. Pertanto, ogni capitolo di questo lavoro si focalizza in modo indipendente su ognuno degli attori proposti, presentando evidenze empiriche e spunti di ricerca futuri. L’obiettivo dell’intero studio è dunque di analizzare l’evoluzione del settore food & beverage a livello empirico e di fornire degli avanzamenti dal punto di vista teorico.<br>This research project deepens the knowledge around many aspects of the marketing of the food and beverage industry to address the new challenges deriving from both incremental and disruptive changes and more unpredictable consumers’ preferences. The research adopts different perspectives of three fundamental actors: consumers, established firms, and new ventures. The first study examines teachers’ perceptions and feelings around nutrition education, to what extent these professional figures can affect students’ behavior and how they perceive the relationship with families. The second study focuses on the integration of marketing, trade marketing, and sales functions within established firms. The third paper analyzes digital startups, and it contributes to the entrepreneurial literature on startups development and survival and the development of dynamic capabilities. The aim of the study is twofold, both empirical and theoretical. At a more empirical level, the goal is to provide an in-depth understanding of the evolution of marketing in the changing and complex environment of the food and beverage system, regarding competition, channels and institutions and consumers. At a theoretical level, it tries to provide some explanatory propositions for each analyzed setting.

Il presente lavoro di tesi ha l’obiettivo di approfondire la conoscenza dei diversi aspetti del marketing del food & beverage, in considerazione dei molteplici cambiamenti occorsi e derivanti non solo dalla tecnologia ma anche dalle preferenze dei consumatori. A tal proposito, la ricerca adotta una triplice prospettiva, prendendo in considerazione l’analisi degli attori fondamentali esperti delle dinamiche del settore: gli insegnanti di educazione alimentare nelle scuole italiene; i professionisti di marketing, trade marketing e vendite nei loro processi di integrazione; le startup digitali coinvolte nello sviluppo di progetti che innovano i canali e le modalità distributivi. Pertanto, ogni capitolo di questo lavoro si focalizza in modo indipendente su ognuno degli attori proposti, presentando evidenze empiriche e spunti di ricerca futuri. L’obiettivo dell’intero studio è dunque di analizzare l’evoluzione del settore food & beverage a livello empirico e di fornire degli avanzamenti dal punto di vista teorico.<br>This research project deepens the knowledge around many aspects of the marketing of the food and beverage industry to address the new challenges deriving from both incremental and disruptive changes and more unpredictable consumers’ preferences. The research adopts different perspectives of three fundamental actors: consumers, established firms, and new ventures. The first study examines teachers’ perceptions and feelings around nutrition education, to what extent these professional figures can affect students’ behavior and how they perceive the relationship with families. The second study focuses on the integration of marketing, trade marketing, and sales functions within established firms. The third paper analyzes digital startups, and it contributes to the entrepreneurial literature on startups development and survival and the development of dynamic capabilities. The aim of the study is twofold, both empirical and theoretical. At a more empirical level, the goal is to provide an in-depth understanding of the evolution of marketing in the changing and complex environment of the food and beverage system, regarding competition, channels and institutions and consumers. At a theoretical level, it tries to provide some explanatory propositions for each analyzed setting.

Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode.<br>Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.

Gender is one of the central organizing principles around which social and corporate innovation revolves. The multinational Ghanaian mining is dominated by men and masculinity cultures. To gain an adequate understanding of this phenomenon, it is prudent to explore its gendered nature. This thesis reflects consciously upon the pre-entry, organizational and sociocultural barriers affecting the effective participation of women in mine jobs. And beyond the barriers, it examines what changes have occurred, occasioning a shift in gender dynamics, leading to an increasing number of women participation in the industry? The current thesis adopts a case study method, deploying a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches; administered questionnaires, conducted individual interviews, observations, archival documents, and focus group discussions with respondents in four mining companies and a mining and technology university in Ghana. The AMOS–based structural equation modeling approach was used to analyze the quantitative data, while thematic and discourse analysis was employed in analyzing the qualitative narratives of the respondents. Results of the thesis point to the social construction of gender in science, engineering and technology education as a pre-entry barrier. Also, a complex web of male-dominance, gender bias, role models and mentorship constraints, coupled with unfriendly family work policies were noted organizational barriers. In furtherance, common prejudices, perceptions and stereotyped notions of gender roles in the mines constituted noted sociocultural factors constraining effective participation of women in mine work. However beyond the pre-entry, organizational and sociocultural barriers, the current thesis intuits a phenomenon of a ‘women’s revolution’ in the mines, witnessing collective efforts from Women in Mining Ghana as well as the mine workers’ organizations and allied institutions adopting gender strategic measures, such as the ‘ore solidarity,’ gender mainstreaming in admission programmes as well as gender-driven mining initiatives aimed at re-engineering or striking a shift in gender dynamics in the mine jobs of Ghana. Consequently, the classic and continuous male-dominance in Ghanaian mines constitute a considerable concern for mine work organizational development, with practical implications for the mining industry, employment, and  labor relation practices as well as public policy in Ghana. Therefore, affirmative action is recommended for gender deconstruction and promotion of gender democracy. Indeed this move for inclusivity will engender poverty eradication work towards achieving organizational modernization, their global competitiveness and an assurance for gender-driven social innovative mining.

碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>資訊工程系碩士班<br>93<br>In recent years, the e-Learning technology standardization process is one of the major research activities in computer-based education, and the development of the technology has made people amazing. Not only e-Learning provides the learning environments, but also supplies all kinds of the learning services. However, course materials have many standards. Of all the existing e-Learning services, the search interface between the users and the systems is very weak. Hence, we propose a method that can cut down the learners’ search time in e-Learning tutoring systems. First, we construct a concept of courses, course classes, and academic procedures and use this information to describe course relationships. By the relationships, the similar degree of the courses can be represented and offers the basic criteria of the keyword search. At last, we use keywords set and learning tree to complete our method based on learner’s learning. As a student, although there are many courses on line in the learning system, but it still is very difficult to search the learning materials on the vast internet. In case, if the relationships between course and course can be represented, students can easily find out the most relative subject in the other courses. So, we can use this correlation to reach our object to shorten the search time. Therefore, we purpose to use the concept of course relationships to help teachers reduce the work in editing the course.

碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>資訊管理系碩士班<br>96<br>Keyword search is an effective approach for most users to search information because they neither need to learn complex query languages nor need to understand the underlying structure of data. Recently, the eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML) has become a popular medium for data exchange or storage. Therefore, keyword search on XML documents has become one of the important researches. To speed up query on large amount of data, one of the most efficient methods is to build a good index. In order to facilitate query of XML data, some approaches such as path indexing, labeling, and numbering scheme have been proposed. However, if XML data is updated, the indexes derived by these approaches must be rebuilt. It is a time-consuming and performance-degrading job. Although the method LSDX (Labeling Scheme for Dynamic XML data) proposed by some scholars can dynamically add new labels without reconstructing the index structure or updating existing old labels. However, there are two defects in LSDX which affect the practicality of LSDX. The first defect is that the nodes within the same level can be labeled no more than twenty five when LSDX builds the XML index tree. The second defect is described as follows. When updating the index tree, if LSDX inserts a new node C between two adjacent nodes A, B and then inserts a new node D between the two nodes A and C, the label of the node D cannot be coded because of the label coding strategy of LSDX. In this thesis, we propose two label coding rules to completely solve the two defects of LSDX. With our method, unlimited nodes within the same level can be labeled when LSDX builds the index. When updating the index tree, our method can give a suitable label code to any new-inserted node. Our method does not increase the label length of a new-inserted node as possible. If the number of the new-inserted nodes is not more than five, the label length is as the same as its sibling nodes. If the number of new-inserted nodes is more than five, every five codes will just increase one digit. To query on large amount of XML data with multiple keywords, a good index can be used to speed up query. The returned results of an XML document search may be the content of the simple type element, part subelement of the complexity type element or the whole XML document. If the returned granularity is too small, then the data may be insufficient to the user. If the returned granularity is too large, it may contain too much unrelated data. Therefore, one of the difficulties for keyword search is how to determine the appropriate granularity of returned results. This thesis proposes a method to abstract appropriate segments of XML elements for multiple keywords queries. The user only needs to input several related keywords without describing the hierarchical relationship among these keywords. From the associated DTD of an XML document, our method can abstract several logical XML element segments called ACS-D’s. These ACS-D’s then can be used to identify some practical XML element segments, called ACS-X’s, from the XML document. As an appropriate granularity of XML instance data, each ACS-X contains all inputted keywords and the hierarchy architecture of the keywords. Users can browse interesting information from the returned ACS-X’s in an appropriate range.

碩士<br>大葉大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士班<br>91<br>As the explosive growth of the World Wide Web, more and more users got information from webs. However, web pages are increasing day after day, users are facing variant information overload issue. According to “Information Recommend Concept”, Personal Information Recommend System created by Intelligent Agent is using to solve the Information Overload issue progressively. Many studies of Information Recommend method, adopt keyword database to classify information. However, as times going and popular subjects changing, the keyword of classified subject also must adjust well to ensure the keyword is symbolic of classification. For increasing the effectiveness of Information Recommend, this study raise a dynamic update model for keyword database. The way combined Chinese word segmentation with similarity measure, and then we developed dynamic update system to raise consumer’s satisfaction of information service. From this study’s experimental outcomes showed that this model can reach the expect results at accuracy of extract keyword. Besides, the experiments also prove the keyword extractive result has its rationality and stability. Keywords : Information Recommend, Keyword Database, Similarity Measure, Chinese Word Segmentation

碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>101<br>User tends to reveal what they are interested in on the social networks but not always in a clear way. This paper provides a dynamic interest keyword model to know the influence of each interest aects the user. So that it can identify the possible interests of the user. The results shows 91% accordance that this model is competitive to human guessed interests by observation. This high accordance shows our proposed model is feasible.

This thesis is part of Project of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No P504/11/1151, focused on the role of plants in the greenhouse gas budget of a sedge fen. The thesis deals with the growth dynamics of the dominant sedge, Carex acuta L., on the study site, Wet Meadows near Třeboň, Czech Republic. The seasonal changes in aboveground biomass were followed using successive harvests during vegetation seasons of 2010 and 2011. The seasonal maximum of aboveground biomass of Carex acuta L. (both live and dead parts) was 321,44 g.m-2 and 357,97 g.m-2 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The seasonal maximum of total aboveground biomas sof all species was 558,22 g.m-2 and 522,38 g.m-2 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The seasonal maximum of shoot density was 485 ks.m-2 and 435 ks.m-2 in 2010 and 2011, respectively.

Lam Hiu Sing.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Lam Hiu Sing.<br>Acknowledgement --- p.5<br>Chapter I. --- Table of Content --- p.6<br>Chapter II. --- Lists of Tables --- p.9<br>Chapter III. --- Lists of Figures --- p.11<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.13<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Intelligence gathering by surveillance --- p.13<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Speech recognition and keyword spotting --- p.16<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Audio indexing and searching --- p.18<br>Chapter 1.3.1 --- Nature of audio sources --- p.18<br>Chapter 1.3.2 --- Different searching objectives --- p.19<br>Chapter 1.4 --- Objective of thesis --- p.22<br>Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis outline --- p.23<br>Chapter 1.6 --- References --- p.24<br>Chapter Chapter 2 --- HMM-based Keyword Spotting System --- p.28<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Statistical speech model --- p.28<br>Chapter 2.1.1 --- Speech signal representations --- p.29<br>Chapter 2.1.2 --- Acoustic modeling --- p.29<br>Chapter 2.1.3 --- HMM message generation model --- p.32<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Basics of keyword spotting --- p.34<br>Chapter 2.2.1 --- Keyword and non-keyword modeling --- p.34<br>Chapter 2.2.2 --- Language model --- p.37<br>Chapter 2.2.3 --- Performance measure --- p.38<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Keyword spotting applications --- p.39<br>Chapter 2.3.1 --- Information query system --- p.40<br>Chapter 2.3.2 --- Topic identification system --- p.41<br>Chapter 2.3.3 --- Audio indexing and searching system --- p.42<br>Chapter 2.3.4 --- Lexicon learning system --- p.42<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.43<br>Chapter 2.5 --- References --- p.44<br>Chapter Chapter 3 --- Cantonese Characteristics --- p.49<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Cantonese Dialect --- p.49<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Phonological properties of Cantonese --- p.51<br>Chapter 3.2.1 --- Initials and finals of Cantonese --- p.51<br>Chapter 3.2.2 --- Tones of Cantonese --- p.54<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Summary --- p.55<br>Chapter 3.4 --- References --- p.55<br>Chapter Chapter 4 --- System Configuration for Audio Search of Surveillance Data --- p.57<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Audio Search of Surveillance Data --- p.57<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Requirements and Specifications of the Proposed Audio Search System --- p.59<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Proposed Audio Search System Architecture --- p.62<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.65<br>Chapter 4.5 --- References --- p.66<br>Chapter Chapter 5 --- Development of a Keyword Spotting based Audio Indexing and Searching System --- p.67<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Acoustic Models for Keywords and Fillers --- p.67<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Adaptation mechanism --- p.76<br>Chapter 5.2.1 --- Adaptation techniques --- p.76<br>Chapter 5.2.2 --- Adaptation strategy for MLLR --- p.85<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Language model --- p.86<br>Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.88<br>Chapter 5.5 --- References --- p.88<br>Chapter Chapter 6 --- System Evaluations --- p.93<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Data for training and evaluation of the system --- p.94<br>Chapter 6.1.1 --- Training Data --- p.94<br>Chapter 6.1.2 --- Evaluation data --- p.95<br>Chapter 6.1.3 --- Performance measure --- p.97<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Cluster settings for MLLR adaptation --- p.98<br>Chapter 6.3 --- Effects of word insertion penalty --- p.102<br>Chapter 6.4 --- Acoustic modeling performance comparisons --- p.103<br>Chapter 6.4.1 --- System robustness test --- p.104<br>Chapter 6.4.2 --- The performance limit --- p.105<br>Chapter 6.5 --- Overall System Performance --- p.107<br>Chapter 6.6 --- Summary --- p.108<br>Chapter 6.7 --- References --- p.108<br>Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Future Works --- p.109<br>Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusions --- p.109<br>Chapter 7.2 --- Future works --- p.110<br>Chapter 7.2.1 --- Discriminative adaptation --- p.110<br>Chapter 7.2.2 --- Pronunciation dictionary --- p.111<br>Chapter 7.2.3 --- Channel effect --- p.111