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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Keywords: Solvent-free reactions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Keywords: Solvent-free reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Keywords: Solvent-free reactions"

1

Away, Kenneth Charles West, and Zhu-Gen Lai. "Solvent effects on SN2 transition state structure. II: The effect of ion pairing on the solvent effect on transition state structure." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 2 (1989): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-056.

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Identical secondary α-deuterium kinetic isotope effects (transition state structures) in the SN2 reaction between n-butyl chloride and a free thiophenoxide ion in aprotic and protic solvents confirm the validity of the Solvation Rule for SN2 Reactions. These isotope effects also suggest that hydrogen bonding from the solvent to the developing chloride ion in the SN2 transition state does not have a marked effect on the magnitude of the chlorine (leaving group) kinetic isotope effects. Unlike the free ion reactions, the secondary α-deuterium kinetic isotope effect (transition state structure) f

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2

Roopa, Redamala*. "UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS, ACETYLATION and VILSMEIER-HAACK FORMYLATION REACTIONS WITH ACETANILIDES and ANILINES." Journal of Pharma Research 11, no. 06 (2022): 72–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813300.

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Abstract:  <strong>The Vilsmeier-Haack reaction with anilines and acetanilides was carried out without the use of a solvent. At room temperature, the reactants are put in a mortar and ground with a pestle for 20 to 30 minutes. Formyl derivatives were generated in surprisingly good yields when dimethyl formamide (DMF) and POCl3 were used as the VH reagent. Nevertheless, acetyl derivatives were generated when DMF was substituted for DMA in the formulation of the VH reagent. The results of solvent free reactions are better to those of solution phase reactions, with high yields and much short

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3

Gadhave, Anil G., Sanket B. Shirsath, Amol R. Parhad, Bhagwat K. Uphade, and Dilip S. Aute. "Green and efficient synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones using PPA-polyborate under solvent-free conditions." INDIAN JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 35, no. 02 (2025): 501. https://doi.org/10.59467/ijhc.2025.35.501.

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Polyphosphoric acid (PPA)-polyborate as a solid acid new catalyst was prepared by the reaction between PPA and polyborate. 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones were synthesized under solvent-free conditions through one-pot tri-component reaction involving substituted aryl aldehydes, phthalhydrazide, and dimedone in the presence of PPA-polyborate catalyst. The main advantages of this study are good to excellent yields, use of less hazardous chemical, shorter reaction times, gentler reaction conditions, reduced chemical waste, increased energy efficiency, environmentally friendly pa

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4

Lai, Zhu-Gen, and Kenneth Charles Westaway. "Isotope effects in nucleophilic substitution reactions. VII. The effect of ion pairing on the substituent effects on SN2 transition state structure." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (1989): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-004.

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The secondary α-deuterium kinetic isotope effects and substituent effect found in the SN2 reactions between a series of para-substituted sodium thiophenoxides and benzyldimethylphenylammonium ion are significantly larger when the reacting nucleophile is a free ion than when it is a solvent-separated ion pair complex. Tighter transition states are found when a poorer nucleophile is used in both the free ion and ion pair reactions. Also, the transition states for all but one substituent are tighter for the reactions with the solvent-separated ion pair complex than with the free ion. Hammett ρ va

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5

Rodriguez, Amalia, Francisco Sánchez Burgos, John Burgess, and Carmen Carmona. "Medium effect on reactions between anions carrying different charges." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 6 (1990): 926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-144.

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The reactions between hexacyanoferrate(II)–peroxodisulphate, hexacyanoferrate(III)–sulphite, hexacyanoferrate(III)–iodide and peroxodisulphate–iodide have been studied in methanol–water mixtures at different methanol concentrations. The results have been analyzed using different approaches, namely electrostatic theory, the δμθ initial state – transition state analysis, the decomposition of free energy of activation into enthalpic and entropic terms and, finally, correlation between reactivity and the Grunwald–Winstein parameter, Y. The four reactions show similar behaviour and a correlation be

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6

Upadhyay, Saurabh Kumar, Prof (Dr.) Vikas Verma, Prof (Dr.) Ashish Vishwakarma, and Dr. Shailendra Kumar Dubey. "Advances in Solvent-Free Synthesis: Environmental Impact and Applications in Medicinal Chemistry." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 296–303. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14650284.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> This study investigates the impact of solvent-free synthesis methods on medicinal chemistry, emphasizing their role in promoting sustainability and innovation. Using secondary data analysis, the research evaluates the efficiency, mechanisms, and environmental benefits of solvent-free reactions in synthesizing biologically active compounds. Results highlight the effectiveness of techniques such as microwave-assisted synthesis and mechanochemical activation in reducing chemical hazards and energy consumption. The study identifies applications in drug development, energy

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7

Bolton, Judy L., and Robert A. McClelland. "Azide ion trapping and lifetime in aqueous solution of a primary carbenium ion stabilized by a 2-imidazoyl ring." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 7 (1989): 1139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-171.

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2-Chloromethyl-1-methylimidazole undergoes a pH-dependent aqueous hydrolysis with the neutral substrate being the reactive species, and the imidazole-protonated form (pKa = 5.7) unreactive. Addition of sodium chloride retards the hydrolysis, evidence that there is a free carbenium ion intermediate (the common ion effect). The rate constant ratio Kcl/Kw for the reactions of this cation with the added chloride and with the solvent is 7.4 M−1. Further evidence for a free cation is the observation of the 2-azidomethyl product when the hydrolysis is carried out with sodium azide present, but with n

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8

Jeong, Minji, Jaehong Lim, and Si Hyoung Oh. "Safe Solvent-in-Salt Electrolytes for Dendrite-Free Zinc Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (2023): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024614mtgabs.

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As global markets for electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (ESS) expand rapidly, there are growing needs to develop alternative battery systems to replace current lithium-ion battery (LIBs) technology, which suffers from high material cost, and insufficient safety. Rechargeable zinc batteries have emerged as one of the most viable and sustainable candidates to replace LIB owing to various beneficial features of zinc such as natural abundance, easy recyclability (by electrowinning), high safety and high volumetric capacity (5,854 Ah/L) compared with lithium (2,062 Ah/L). However, p

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9

TRIPATHEE, NEHA. "Schiff Bases in Environmental Science: Approaches to Pollution Management." WORLD JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 12-13, no. 01-02 (2023): 67. https://doi.org/10.59467/wjasr.2022-23.12-13.67.

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Schiff bases (SBs), characterized by the imine (-C=N-) group, have gained prominence for their versatility and environmental significance. Their synthesis aligns with green chemistry principles, employing eco-friendly solvents, catalysts, and techniques such as solvent-free reactions, ball milling, and biocatalysis. SBs demonstrate remarkable utility in pollution control applications, including wastewater treatment, heavy metal removal, dye degradation, and pesticide adsorption. They act as efficient chelating agents, photocatalysts, and corrosion inhibitors, offering sustainable solutions to

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10

Abera Negesse, Getachew, Mesfin Diro Chaka, Desalegn Nigatu Gemechu, et al. "Uncovering benzoquinone derivatives for redox flow batteries: DFT insights on reduction potentials and solvent effects." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 39, no. 2 (2024): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.15.

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Quinones possess high redox potential, making them suitable for organic redox-flow batteries. Their oxidation and discharge during charging involve two reversible electron transfer reactions. This study utilized density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d) basis set to calculate the first and second reduction potentials of benzoquinones (BQ). Various BQ derivatives were created by adding electron-donating substituents (-NHCH3, -NH2, -OCH3, -NHCOCH3, -OCOCH3). The universal solvation model (SMD) assessed solvent effects, while lithium salts, solvation-free energy, and

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