Journal articles: 'KGB'

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Milivojević, Marko. "The KGB." Intelligence and National Security 2, no. 2 (April 1987): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431897.

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Rafiuddin, Mr, FM Titin Supriyanti, Zeily Nurrachman, and Ms Liliasari. "EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN COMPACT DISK (CD) ANIMASI PERKULIAHAN BIOKIMIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KECAKAPAN GENERIK BIOKIMIA TILIKAN RUANG." Jurnal Pengajaran Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 17, no. 2 (January 13, 2015): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.18269/jpmipa.v17i2.269.

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Interaksi biomolekul yang melibatkan enzim umumnya terjadi dalam biokimia terutama dalam metabolisme protein yang untuk memahaminya memerlukan kecakapan generik biokimia (KGB) tilikan ruang. Penggunaan CD animasi dalam perkuliahan biokimia dapat membantu mahasiswa menguasai KGB tilikan ruang. Namun, belum ada publikasi tentang jenis KGB yang dibutuhkan bagi mahasiswa yang dapat membantu menguasai materi biokimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan CD animasi perkuliahan biokimia pada materi metabolisme protin untuk meningkatkan penguasaan KGB tilikan ruang bagi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini divalidasi dengan metode eksperimenpretest-postest one group design pada 52 orang mahasiswa calon guru kimia. Data penelitian terdiri atas data pretes, posting, dan %N-gain. Hasil analisis % N-gain untuk seluruh mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata % N-gain KGB tilikan ruang sebesar 93,20 % lebih tinggi dari rata-rata % N-gain KGB pemodelan sebesar 42,98 %. Padahal, jika dilihat dari perolehan skor rata-rata pretes KGB pemodelan lebih tinggi dari skor rata-rata pretes KGB tilikan ruang. Analisis %N-gain pada kelompok kemampuan mahasiswa juga dilakukan yakni pada kemampuan tinggi (8 orang), kemampuan sedang (32 orang), dan kemampuan rendah (12 orang). Hasilnya, menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan %N-gain penguasaan label KGB tilikan ruang yakni kelompok tinggi (99,8%), kelompok sedang (97,06%), dan kelompok rendah (82,55) lebih tinggi dari peningkatan %N-gain label KGB pemodelan yakni kelompok tinggi (46,98%), kelompok sedang (41,05%), kelompok rendah (40,91%). Uniknya, perolehan rata-rata pretes KGB tilikan ruang lebih rendah dari rata-rata pretes KGB pemodelan, tapi justru peningkatan %-N-gainnya lebih tinggi dari KGB pemodelan untuk semua kelompok kemampuan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpukan bahwa penggunaan media CD animasi yang dikembangkan dalam perkuliahan biokimia efektif meningkatkan pengusaaan KGB tilikan ruang bagi mahasiswa calon guru kimia.Kata kunci : CD sakit-sakitan, perkuliahan biokimia, KGB tilikan ruang, KGB pemodelan

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Knight, Amy. "The KGB, Perestroika, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union." Journal of Cold War Studies 5, no. 1 (January 2003): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152039703320996722.

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This article examines the role of the Committee on State Security (KGB) during the turbulent six-and-a-half years under Mikhail Gorbachev, from March 1985 to December 1991. Contrary to popular impressions, the KGB was never an independent actor in the Soviet system; it acted at the behest of the Communist Party. When Vladimir Kryuchkov replaced Viktor Chebrikov as head of the KGB in 1986, the move signaled what was intended to be a new role for the KGB. But as the reforms launched by Gorbachev became more radical, and as political instability in the Soviet Union became widespread, many in the KGB grew anxious about the possible fragmentation of the country. These concerns were instrumental in the decision by Kryuchkov and other high-ranking KGB officials to organize a hardline coup in August 1991. Even then, however, the KGB was not truly independent of the party. On the contrary, KGB officials were expecting—and then desperately hoping—that Gorbachev would agree to order an all-out crackdown. Because Gorbachev was unwilling to take a direct part in mass repression, Kryuchkov lacked the authority he was seeking to act. As a result, the attempted coup failed, and the KGB was forced onto the defensive. Shortly before the Soviet state was dissolved, the KGB was broken up into a number of agencies that soon came under Russia's direct control.

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Kasparov, G. K. (Garri Kimovich). "Battling KGB, Inc." Journal of Democracy 18, no. 2 (2007): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2007.0027.

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Gordievsky, Oleg. "The KGB archives." Intelligence and National Security 6, no. 1 (January 1991): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432090.

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Malviya, Vidhiya, R. K. Patil, and Anil Nagle. "AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TWO SAMPLES OF KASIS GODANTI BHASMA PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS W.S.R. TO ANEMIA." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 09, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj.0809012021.

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Introduction: The exploration of pharmacological effect on Ayurvedic drugs are only possible through ani-mal experimentation. For the global acceptance of the Kasis Godanti Bhasma (KGB) - A herbo-mineral for-mulation of Ayurveda pharmaceutics, there is needs to revalidate the formulation on all aspects from its safety, efficacy, quality control and animal experimentation. Aims and Objectives: 1. To evaluate the effi-cacy of Kasis Godanti Bhasma 1st and 2nd in Pandu (Anemia). 2. To compare the effectiveness of Kasis Go-danti Bhasma 1st and Kasis Godanti Bhasma 2nd in Pandu (Anemia). Material and Methods: Anemia was induced by intra -peritoneal injection of Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) at 40 mg/kg for 2 days. Rats were divided in six groups of four rats each. The first group is the control group received distillated water. The second group is anemic control group received only Phenylhydrazine at 40 mg/kg for 2 days. Third and fourth groups received KGB 1st 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively. While fifth and sixth groups received KGB 2nd 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively. The vehicle and the Bhasmas were administered from day 2 to day 15 after Phenylhydrazine administration. Blood samples were collected from the orbital vein on day 0 before Phenylhydrazine administration, and on day 2, 7, 15 after Phenylhydrazine injection. Re-sult and Conclusion: Experimental study of KGB-1 and KGB-2 shows satisfactory result. On comparing result of KGB-1 and KGB-2. KGB-2 with both doses of 500 mg and 1000 mg shows significant result in anti-anemic effect. While in KGB-1, only 500 mg dose shows the significant result in anti-anemic effect. On comparing dose of both the samples 500 mg dose of KGB-1 and KGB-2 shows satisfactory result.

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Fedor, Julie. "Forschungen über den KGB." osteuropa 72, no. 11 (2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2022-205.

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Byun, Jiha, Su Kang Kim, and Ju Yeon Ban. "Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Korean Ginseng Berry Extract in LPS-Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 49, no. 03 (January 2021): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x21500336.

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Inflammatory macrophages stimulated by LPS disrupt homeostasis in the production of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). These are the causes of inflammation-related diseases and various cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (KGB) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE[Formula: see text] production was elevated in response to LPS stimulation and was dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment with KGB. The expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein were also reduced by KGB treatment. KGB treatment significantly suppressed the LPS-induced gene expression and production of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, KGB inhibited the translocation of nuclear expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) by preventing inhibitory factor-kappa B (I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] phosphorylation and suppressing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Additionally, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were observed following KGB treatment. Taken together, these results indicated that KGB possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, mediated by the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. KGB may represent a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.

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Abdalla, Samira L., Sônia S. Costa, Marco Antônio Gioso, Livia M. Casanova, Marcela A. S. Coutinho, Marta Fernanda A. Silva, Maria Clara da S. N. Botelho, and Raquel S. G. Dias. "Efficacy of a Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri extract to control bacterial biofilms and dental calculus in dogs." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 8 (August 2017): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800013.

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ABSTRACT: An aqueous leaf extract of the medicinal species Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri (here denominated KGB) has been found to be effective as an antimicrobial agent against canine oral cavity bacteria in in vitro assays. In this study, we investigated the effect of topic oral administration of KGB on the development of dental biofilm in Beagle dogs. The experiments were performed with an experimental group (0.2% of KGB extract), a negative control group (0.9% of saline solution) and a positive control group (0.12% chlorhexidine). Each treatment was sprayed into the oral cavity daily for 28 days. Thirty Beagle dogs with similar characteristics and kept under the same management and diet were used. The measurement of dental plaque and calculus was performed using a computerized analytical method. The phenolic profile of KGB extract was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. KGB extract at 0.2% showed efficacy in controlling the formation of plaque compared to the negative control group, and dental calculus in relation to the negative and positive control groups. A significant difference was observed among these three groups. Peaks attributed to flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in the HPLC-DAD chromatogram of the KGB extract. The presence of these substances could be related to the activity observed. Our findings demonstrate that treatment with KGB is effective in controlling periodontal disease in dogs, providing new insights into the medicinal properties of this plant. KGB extract has a potential use as a supplemental agent in pharmaceutical products for the prevention of periodontal disease.

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Ma'mun, Syukron. "THE ROLE OF KOMUNITAS GURU BELAJAR (KGB) IN CREATING INDEPENDENT TEACHERS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION." Tadibia Islamika 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/tadibia.v1i1.5314.

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The objectives of this study were to reveal 1) the efforts of the Komunitas Guru Belajar (KGB) in realizing Islamic religious education teachers who are self regulation learning; the role of the Komunitas Guru Belajar (KGB) in realizing Islamic religious education teachers who are self regulation learning; and the supporting factors and inhibiting factors from Komunitas Guru Belajar (KGB) in realizing Islamic religious education teachers who are self regulation learning. The approach used is a qualitative approach. This type of research used field research. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources, Primary data sources are the founder of the KGB, the head of the KGB, Islamic religious education teachers, and guidebooks. Secondary data sources are books as references, magazines, internet, and articles related to this research. The data analysis technique uses the Milles and Huberman model, namely data analysis using data reduction techniques, data display and data conclusions in the field. The results showed that, the efforts of the Komunitas Guru Belajar (KGB) in realizing Islamic religious education teachers who are self regulation learning in Pekalongan namely through its activity programs, where KGB Pekalongan has several programs that are quite varied and flexible. The role of the Komunitas Guru Belajar (KGB) in realizing Islamic religious education teachers who are self regulation learning in Pekalongan is as a forum for teachers as well as supporting teachers to develop their teaching competences, Besides that, it also provides opportunities for Islamic religious education teachers to collaborate with fellow teachers and other communities to produce work or achieve common goals, have the opportunity to identify, choose, plan, and develop careers according to their potential aspirations. The supporting factors for the KGB in realizing Islamic religious education teachers who are self regulation learning in Pekalongan are: independent learning policy by the Indonesian minister of education and culture, support from local governments and official services, collaboration across communities and relevant organizations, and good human resources.

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Haslam, Jonathan. "KGB: the inside story." International Affairs 67, no. 2 (April 1991): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620912.

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Andrew, Christopher, and Jean-Louis de Montesquiou. "Les poisons du KGB." Books 84, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/books.084.0049.

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Vogel, Donald S. "INSIDE A KGB CIPHER." Cryptologia 14, no. 1 (January 1990): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-119091864760.

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Gliss, Hans. "KGB hackers receive sentencing." Computer Fraud & Security Bulletin 1990, no. 4 (April 1990): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0496(90)90111-w.

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Miles, Simon. "The Problems of Perestroika: The KGB and Mikhail Gorbachev's Reforms." Slavic Review 80, no. 4 (2021): 816–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2022.4.

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The KGB and the rest of the Soviet intelligence and policing apparatus are commonly portrayed as having been among the staunchest of conservative opponents to the reform process in the Soviet Union during the latter half of the 1980s. But while key leaders of the August 1991 effort to oust General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, for example, did come from the security services, this characterization obscures how the KGB rank-and-file responded to and participated in the reforms. This article uses their own words and experiences, recorded in the KGB΄s top-secret in-house journal, Sbornik KGB SSSR, to examine how everyday KGB officers navigated liberalizing reforms in which they in fact played an active and evolving role implementing and shaping. In these firsthand accounts, which cover topics from nationalism to environmentalism, a sense of loss of control is clear, both over events unfolding in the Soviet Union and over their own leading role and privileged position within it.

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Zhuk, Sergei I. "The Americans and “Sleeper Cells” of Russian Intelligence in America." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2024.500209.

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Abstract In June of 2010, a Canadian couple, Donald Heathfield and Tracey Lee Ann Foley, was arrested in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as the KGB “sleeper agents.” These KGB agents (Andrei Bezrukov and Elena Vavilova) lived in Canada since 1992, and in the United States since 1999, working for the Russian intelligence as “a sleeper cell” of the Russian spies. This story became an inspiration for the American TV show The Americans (2013–2018). Using the reviews of this TV show from the United States and Russia, the interviews with the real participants of the events of 2010 and with the retired KGB officers, the KGB documents from the SBU Archive in Kyiv, Ukraine, this article is an attempt to study how the special KGB/FSB operations in the USA, portrayed in one American TV series became an object of fascination and “fictionalization” on the both—American and Russian—sides of the geo-political conflict.

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Nugraha, Trisna, and Sufyani Prabawanto. "Analysis of Students’ Learning Style Preference Adaptation on Mathematics Learning during the Distance Learning Condition." PAEDAGOGIA 24, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/paedagogia.v24i2.54182.

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<p>Changes in the education system due to COVID-19 pandemic through distance learning (PJJ) have made it difficult to accommodate students’ needs in achieving mathematical proficiency. The needs of these students are based on students learning style preference (KGB), how students obtain information, as one of the determinants of success in learning mathematics. This study aims to investigate the extent to which each student’s KGB can adapt to the PJJ designed through RADEC (Read-Answer-Discuss-Explain-Create) and direct learning. A quasi-experimental study with 2 x 3 factorial designed was conducted involving 56 4<sup>th</sup> graders from a private elementary school in Bandung. The research instrument used was the KGB scale and mathematical conceptual understanding (MCU) test. The result of this study showed that there were differences in students’ MCU viewed by KGB during PJJ which was more accommodating to visual students. It is necessary to improve the PJJ design that accommodate each KGB.</p>

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Fujiki, Kota, Tomoaki Mizuno, Naoki Hisamoto, and Kunihiro Matsumoto. "The Caenorhabditis elegans Ste20-Related Kinase and Rac-Type Small GTPase Regulate the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway Mediating the Stress Response." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01131-09.

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ABSTRACT Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are integral to the mechanisms by which cells respond to physiological stimuli and a wide variety of environmental stresses. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the stress response is controlled by a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-like MAPK signaling pathway, which is regulated by MLK-1 MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), MEK-1 MAPKK, and KGB-1 JNK-like MAPK. In this study, we identify the max-2 gene encoding a C. elegans Ste20-related protein kinase as a component functioning upstream of the MLK-1-MEK-1-KGB-1 pathway. The max-2 loss-of-function mutation is defective in activation of KGB-1, resulting in hypersensitivity to heavy metals. Biochemical analysis reveals that MAX-2 activates MLK-1 through direct phosphorylation of a specific residue in the activation loop of the MLK-1 kinase domain. Our genetic data presented here also show that MIG-2 small GTPase functions upstream of MAX-2 in the KGB-1 pathway. These results suggest that MAX-2 and MIG-2 play a crucial role in mediating the heavy metal stress response regulated by the KGB-1 pathway.

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Oktavenra, Ari, Daan Khambri, and Yopiq Triputra. "Diseksi Kelenjar Inguinal pada Keganasan: Kasus Serial." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 50, no. 8 (August 2, 2023): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i8.1002.

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Latar Belakang: Keganasan pada ekstremitas bawah, kulit penis, vulva/vagina, dan anus berisiko mengalami metastasis KGB inguinal. Diseksi KGB inguinal dapat memberikan hasil disease-free and overall survival yang baik. Tujuan: Melihat hasil pasca-operasi diseksi KGB inguinal pada kasus serial. Cara: Diseksi KGB inguinal dilakukan pada kasus melanoma maligna TxN2bM0, melanoma maligna TxN1M0, dan cutaneous apocrine carcinoma et phenoscrotal T3N1M0. Diskusi: Diseksi KGB inguinal pada kasus keganasan bermetastasis dari ekstremitas bawah, kulit penis, vulva/vagina, dan anus, memberikan hasil disease-free and overall survival yang baik, namun dengan komplikasi pasca-operasi berkurangnya kualitas hidup. Introduction: Malignancy in lower extremities, penis skin, vulva/vagina, and anus may spread to inguinal lymph node. Inguinal lymph node dissection can provide good disease-free and overall survival results. Objective: To review postoperative results of inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in case series. Method: Inguinal lymph node dissection was done in cases of malignant melanoma TxN2bM0, malignant melanoma TxN1M0, and cutaneous apocrine carcinoma er phenoscrotal T3N1M0. Discussion: ILND can improve disease-free and overall survival results in malignancies cases from lower extremities, skin of the penis, vulva/vagina, and anus with metastases, albeit with postoperative complications that can decrease the quality of life.

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Paska, Bohdan. "«The ucommunist program» in the context of the KGB secret case «Block» realization." Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 2, no. 50 (December 16, 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2019.50.42-47.

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The article analyzes the course and results of the KGB investigation of the identification of the author of the self-published document «The Ukommunist Program» in the framework of the case of block operative development “Block” in 1972. This problem has not been studied in Ukrainian historiography yet. The basis of sources is previously classified documents of the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine (SSA SSU) concerning the case «Block». During the investigation, KGB officers used various methods to obtain information about the authorship of the document. There are searches on the apartments of suspects, pressure on arrested dissidents during interrogations, textual and linguistic expertise of the text of «The Ucommunist Program», eavesdropping of the prison conversations, using spies inside the jail. In the spring of 1972, charges of writing, storing and distributing of «The Ucommunist Program» were brought to E. Sverstyuk, V. Chornovil, D. Shumuk, I. Svitlychny, M. Plahotniuk, Z. Antonyuk, V. Stus. In total, at least 17 people were suspected of being involved in the production and distribution of «The Ucommunist Program», ten of which belonged to the Kiev dissident cell and seven to the Lviv one. Due to controversial statements of imprisoned dissidents, their refusal to give testimony the efforts of the KGB workers in January–August 1972 were unsuccessful. Only nine months after the first discovery of a copy of «The Ucommunist Program», KGB officers were able to detect and crack down on its author, writer Vasyl Ruban. After his arrest, he flatly refused to cooperate with the investigation, did not answer questions from the KGB officers during interrogations, did not sign any protocols. The Soviet leadership decided to violence with the author of «The Ucommunist Program» by using psychiatric repression. The author of the article concludes that identifying dissidents involved in the production and distribution of the Communist Program was one of the key tasks of the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR in 1972. Keywords: «The Ucommunist Program», the case «Block», Vasyl Ruban, Ukrainian dissident movement, Soviet regime, KGB.

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Przebinda, Grzegorz, and Bartosz Gołąbek. "Putin – przeciętny menedżer z KGB." Studia Pigoniana 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2021): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/sp.2021.014.

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Rozmowa z bardzo znanym pisarzem rosyjskim średniego pokolenia Dmitrijem Bykowem (ur. w 1967), przeprowadzona w Krośnie na Podkarpaciu w połowie maja 2014 roku, dotyczy sytuacji w Rosji oraz w Europie Wschodniej i Środkowowschodniej nazajutrz po aneksji ukraińskiego Krymu przez putinowską Rosję. Dmitrij Bykow opowiada się zdecydowanie przeciwko tej agresji, widząc w niej źródło wielu przyszłych nieszczęść Rosji, ale jednocześnie dostrzega też zgubny wymiar współczesnej polityki ukraińskiej, także – jego zdaniem – zanadto nacjonalistycznej. Gdy chodzi o ocenę funkcjonującego aż do dziś prezydenta Putina, to Bykow uznaje go za menedżera bardzo średniej klasy, a ogólnie – za człowieka bez właściwości, przepowiadając mu rychły upadek i emeryturę w jakimś zagranicznym kraju. Najciekawsze fragmenty rozmowy to jednak nie te, w których zostały sformułowane nieurzeczywistnione oczywiście przepowiednie pisarza, lecz te, w których mowa o przeszłych i aktualnych losach Rosji, która na początku XXI wieku znowu okazała się nieprzyjazna dla demokracji i dobrosąsiedzkich stosunków z bliższą i dalszą okolicą. Bykow widzi w tym swoiste rosyjskie „prawa historycznego rozwoju”, jednakże jego wizja przyszłych dziejów Ojczyzny jest daleka od fatalizmu i możemy ją nawet nazwać umiarkowanie optymistyczną.

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Kerr, Sheila. "Oleg Tsarev's Synthetic KGB Gems." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 14, no. 1 (January 2001): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850600150501344.

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Albini, Joseph L., and Julie Anderson. "Whatever happened to the KGB?" International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 11, no. 1 (March 1998): 26–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435363.

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Gordievsky, Oleg. "The KGB after the coup." Intelligence and National Security 8, no. 3 (July 1993): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432215.

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Waller, J. Michael. "The KGB Legacy in Russia." Problems of Post-Communism 42, no. 6 (November 1995): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10758216.1995.11655643.

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Dickman, Steven. "'KGB hackers' get off lightly." Nature 344, no. 6261 (March 1990): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/344006b0.

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Marshall, E. "KGB Agents Disrupt Research Projects." Science 257, no. 5077 (September 18, 1992): 1616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.257.5077.1616.

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Garthoff, Raymond L. "The KGB reports to Gorbachev." Intelligence and National Security 11, no. 2 (April 1996): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432354.

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Murphy, David E. "KGB and MfS: Friendly enemies." Intelligence and National Security 14, no. 3 (September 1999): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432561.

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Burinskaitė, Kristina. "The Efforts of the KGB to Use the Emigree Organisation Santara– Šviesa to Maintain Contact with Occupied Lithuania." Exile History Review, no. 1 (November 15, 2022): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ehr.14616.

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Legitimacy at the international level was important for the Soviet occupation regime in Lithuania and they also wanted to achieve it with the help of the emigrants. Cultural relations were dilemma question for soviets and emigration. Culture had to attract emigrants to their side, to distract from resistance activities, to set emigrants against each other and thus to undermine all Lithuanian liberation activities. However, emigrants were seen as a danger due to the possible influence on the locals, but at the same time they were considered an opportunity to achieve political and propaganda goals. Also it influenced negatively relationship with other emigree organizations, but KGB could not make damage to their relationship remarkably. This publication reveals how and by what means Soviet security sought to use the plans of the liberal emigrants to establish personal and cultural relations with Soviet Lithuania for propaganda, agency, and political purposes of the Soviet regime. It is also important to evaluate whether the KGB has achieved its goals. Official cultural contacts were under full control of the soviet side. They were a cover for the KGB agency and propaganda activities. Despite huge efforts soviet security only partially managed to take advantage of closer contacts between emigrants and Lithuania. It can be said that emigrants only partially knew and evaluated the capabilities and methods of the KGB. They did not know how widely the KGB sought to use these connections to harm emigrants. It is believed that personal contacts were safer for emigrants’ organizations. Perhaps the KGB was most fortunate to use these contacts while performing discreditation and promoting the achievements of the soviet regime.

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Lee, Chaehoon, Francesca Di Turo, Barbara Vigani, Maduka L. Weththimuni, Silvia Rossi, Fabio Beltram, Pasqualantonio Pingue, et al. "Biopolymer Gels as a Cleaning System for Differently Featured Wooden Surfaces." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010036.

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The cleaning of some wooden artefacts can be challenging due to peculiar surface roughness and/or particular finishing treatments that favour the deposition of dirt and contaminants. The most common cleaning system used by conservators is agar gel, characterized by its rigidity and brittleness, which challenges the cleaning of rough and irregular surfaces typical of most wooden artefacts. In this work, alginate crosslinked with calcium (CA) and konjac glucomannan crosslinked with borax (KGB) gels were proposed to solve this issue. They were prepared and applied to smooth- and rough-surfaced mock-ups replicating wooden musical instruments’ surfaces that had been subsequently covered by artificial soiling and sweat contaminants. The mechanical properties of CA and KGB gels, including their stability over a 60-day storage time, were evaluated by a texture analyzer, while cleaning efficacy was analytically evaluated by non-invasive X-ray fluorescence mapping and profilometric investigation. CA gel appeared to have a higher tensile strength and elongation at break. KGB gel was shown to be soft and resilient, indicating its suitability for cleaning rough surfaces. After repeating the cleaning application three times on the rough-surfaced mock-ups, both the CA and KGB gels were shown to have cleaning efficacy. The results obtained with CA and KGB were compared with those from the Agar application.

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Boldovskiy, Kirill. "“Era of Prophylaxis”: KGB Practices in Work with Religious Organizations during the “Khrushchev period” (Based on Leningrad Materials)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 6 (116) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021689-6.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the participation of state security agencies in the anti-religious campaign of the “Khrushchev period”. The main emphasis is placed on 1959—1964, the time when new approaches to this issue were being formed in the KGB. In the first part, the author focused on the struggle of the KGB against illegal, i.e. not passed state registration, religious movements. The second part is devoted to the eradication of any uncontrolled trend within official religions, as well as the participation of security officers in anti-religious propaganda. The author paid the main attention to the application of a new method of combating dissent — the so-called “prophylaxis”. The main sources for the study were reports on the work done by the KGB Leningrad Department to the leading party bodies, as well as articles published in specialized journals. The author makes a number of conclusions about the degree of effectiveness of the KGB work with believing citizens and the reasons of such a great interest in the religious life of citizens.

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Krumina-Konkova, Solveiga. "Recruitment of KGB Agents in the Roman Catholic and Lutheran Churches of the Latvian SSR (Overview and Examples)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 6 (116) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021873-9.

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The presented article reviews the tasks and methods of recruiting KGB agents among the clergy and laity of the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Latvian SSR from 1944 to 1991. The primary sources of the author’s research are the documents from the archive of the KGB of the LSSR, which have become available for scientific research since December 2018 by the Law of the Republic of Latvia “On the preservation, use of documents of the former State Security Committee and establishing the fact of cooperation of persons with the KGB”. The most significant is the alphabetic file of active agents and the electronic database of operational data “Delta Latvia”. Besides, documents from archives of the Commissar of the Council for Religious Affairs and the Council on Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the LSSR, the criminal cases of some convicted priests, stored in the State Archives of Latvia and the author’s interviews with some former KGB agents are used. The review also considers examples that characterise the recruitment methods and the agency’s tasks.

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Zhu, Hanmin, Qi Liu, Wei Li, Shuming Huang, Bo Zhang, and Yumei Wang. "Biological Deciphering of the “Kidney Governing Bones” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1685052.

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The description of the “kidney” was entirely different from modern medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the kidney was a functional concept regulating water metabolism, which was closely related to the urinary system, reproductive system, nervous system, endocrine, skeleton, hearing, metabolism, immunity, etc. In particular, the kidney in TCM plays an important regulatory role in the processes of growth, development, prime, aging, and reproduction. Hence, “Kidney Governing Bone” (KGB) was a classical theory in TCM, which hypothesized that the function of the kidney was responsible for bone health. However, the related modern physiological mechanisms of this TCM theory are unclear. This present paper proposed a new understanding and explored the biological basis of the KGB theory. After searching through plenty of reported literature, we discovered that the functions of the kidney in TCM were closely associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in modern science. The physiological mechanism of the KGB was regulated by sex hormones and their receptors. This review deciphered the connotation of the KGB theory in modern medicine and further verified the scientificity of the basic TCM theory.

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Widayat, Prama. "PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO DALAM MEMINIMALISIR KLAIM PRODUK JAMINAN BANK GARANSI PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI DI PROVINSI RIAU." Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 6, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/inovbiz.v6i1.392.

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The research was conducted to observe the implementation of risk management in analyzing the contractor before issuing Surety Bond guarantee by the insurance and continue as the basis for the issuance of Bank Guarantee (KGB) by private banks and BUMN, because there are still contractors who do not perform their obligation to finish the work causing the claim bank guarantee product. The study was conducted by direct interviews to underwriting insurance issuing Bank Guarantee Cons (KGB) products. The study population amounted to about 67 insurance companies registered in Riau province. But not all of them publish KGB is only 5 general insurance companies, the determination of the number of samples is done by using the sampling area.

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Padmanabha Lal R, Govinda Sharma K, Gazala Hussain, Asha Vithal Bhat, Ramya M Pavate, and Deekshitha S. "Comparative pharmaceutical and analytical study of Kasisadi Ghrita prepared by two different methods." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 7, no. 10 (December 9, 2022): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.7.10.19.

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Introduction: Sneha Kalpana are the dosage forms which can be used both internally as well as externally. Generally, Sneha Kalpana is prepared by using Agni as source of heating. However, Kasisadi Ghrita is an exception where the sunlight is used as source of heating. This unusual method of preparation looks attractive because of natural heat (sunlight) that is required in the preparation and the yield that may be obtained. The Sneha is heated with volatile drugs in Surya Paka for a specific time so that less heat allows them to leave their active principles in Sneha. The difference between Bhanupaka and Agnipaka is also an area of interest, on this formulation as far as its manufacturing is considered. Kasisadi Ghrita is a herbo-mineral formulation indicated for various skin diseases. Materials and Methods: Kasisadi Ghrita were prepared by classical method of Bhanupaka (KGB) and usual method of Agnipaka (KGA). Both KGB and KGA were analyzed as per the standard protocol. Discussion and Conclusion: Preparation of Kasisadi Ghrita by Agnipaka method is easy as it consumes less time. There were no pharmaceutical constraints in preparation of both samples. Tamra Paatra helps to retain more heat than other vessels during Bhanupaka. The results of the pharmaceutical and analytical study can be considered as the preliminary standards for the preparation of Kasisadi Ghrita.

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Miranti, Ika Pawitra, Dik Puspasari, Hermawan Istiadi, and Vega Karlowee. "Hubungan Antara Ekspresi LMP1 dan Karakteristik Klinikopatologis Karsinoma Payudara Invasif Di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang." Medica Arteriana (Med-Art) 6, no. 1 (May 8, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/medart.6.1.2024.1-9.

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Latar Belakang: Sekitar 30-50% karsinoma payudara positif terhadap virus Epstein-Barr (EBV). Studi melaporkan bahwa karsinoma payudara positif EBV cenderung lebih agresif. Infeksi EBV dapat dibuktikan salah satunya melalui pemeriksaan LMP1. Sejauh ini studi tentang infeksi EBV terhadap karakteristik klinikopatologis karsinoma payudara di negara-negara Asia termasuk Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan ekspresi LMP1 dengan karakteristik klinikopatologis karsinoma payudara invasif.Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional menggunakan 64 sampel blok parafin dari pasien karsinoma payudara invasif di RSUP Dr. Kariadi periode Juni-September 2019. Ekspresi LMP1 dinilai dengan immunostaining. Data klinikopatologis berupa usia, ukuran tumor, grade, ekspresi ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, subtipe molekuler dan keterlibatan KGB aksila. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi dan SPSS 17.Hasil: Dari 64 kasus karsinoma payudara invasif, sebagian besar berusia >50 tahun (59,4%), ukuran T2 (45,3%), grade 2 (70,3%), ekspresi ER positif (62,5%), ekspresi PR negatif (56,3%), ekspresi HER2 negatif (64,1%), indeks Ki67 > 20% (75%), subtipe molekuler Luminal B-like (HER2 negative) (31,3%) dan metastasis KGB N1 (35,9%). Ekspresi hanya berkorelasi dengan metastasis KGB (p=0.01), bermakna karsinoma payudara invasif dengan LMP1 positif menunjukkan semakin tinggi risiko keterlibatan KGB.Kesimpulan: Ekspresi LMP1 berkorelasi dengan tingkat metastasis KGB.

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Elsi, Elsi, Iriani Setyawati, Nonny Manampiring, Yermia Semuel Mokosuli, Anita Constanci Christine Tengker, and Helen Joan Lawalata. "Efektivitas Serbuk Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hiperglikemia." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 11, no. 01 (March 29, 2024): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2024.v11.i01.p6.

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Dua puluh tujuh ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) jantan dibagi menjadi 9 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol normal (K1), kontrol negatif (K2), kontrol positif (K3), serbuk daun kersen 800 mg/kgB (K4), serbuk daun kelor 800 mg/kgBB (K5), serbuk daun kersen 1600 mg/kg BB (K6), serbuk daun kelor 1600 mg/kgBB (K7), kombinasi serbuk daun kersen 400 mg/kgBB dan daun kelor 400 mg/kg BB (K8), kombinasi serbuk daun kersen 800 mg/kg BB dan daun kelor 800 mg/kgBB (K9). Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah tikus dilakukan pada hari ke-3, 7, dan 10. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pemberian dosis kombinasi serbuk daun kersen 800 mg/kgBB dan daun kelor 800 mg/kgBB merupakan dosis yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih jantan

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Krēsliņš, Uldis. "Card Index of Former Latvian SSR KGB Agents: Trauma and the Path to Public Reconciliation." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 83 (August 2021): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2021.83.kreslins.

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In August 1991, the Republic of Latvia took over the documents of the former Latvian SSR KGB, including the card index of KGB agents. At that time, by postponing the card index publication, the political authorities made the issue of former KGB agents a hostage of their political interests. Discussion on the fate of the card index continued in Latvian public sphere over the next 27 years. The stance of the political elite, which found support in some groups of society, was opposed to the publication of the card index, being concerned about a possible witch-hunt and psychological trauma of the people mentioned in the card index as well as their relatives. However, as a result of public pressure, after lengthy indecision, the card index was made public in December 2018. Unfortunately, the publication of the card index has offered only a formal solution to the issue of the former KGB agents, and the expected results have been achieved from the aspect of neither historical truth nor public reconciliation. Only a small number of people mentioned in the card index have admitted the fact of their cooperation and just a few have expressed public regret. In turn, after 27 years of political elite’s hesitancy, most of the KGB persecution victims accepted the publication of the card index in silence. However, it is clear that denial and silence are not the way to public reconciliation and comprehension of trauma. Those few attempts to make one’s experience public show that in today’s situation people can seek reconciliation only with themselves and within themselves.

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Galēja, Liena, and Ojārs Stepens. "ARTISTS AND CULTURAL WORKERS AND THE LEGACY OF KGB IN THE ACTUAL PUBLIC DISCUSSION LANDSCAPE IN LATVIA." Culture Crossroads 16 (November 2, 2022): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol16.78.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine how myths, narratives and biases referring to the recent history are born and developed in nowadays Latvia, supported by the analysis of the case study of the legacy of KGB and its actualization in the public discussion landscape focusing on the relationship of KGB and artists and cultural workers. One of the main criteria for narrowing the research subject to regarding only the relationship between representatives of the fields of arts and culture and KGB is that those particular relationship cases have caused the most heated discussions in mass media and general public, mostly due to the undeniable public ‘visibility’ of the aforementioned professionals as well as due to personal in-depth connection of society members with art products, artists and cultural workers via artistic preferences, engagement with cultural processes, individual contribution to profes- sional and amateur arts, emotional links, memories etc. Another important aspect to be considered is the strong connectedness of arts and culture with the state apparatus, as throughout history arts and cultural production has served as a propaganda tool, putting forward regime ideology and granting a certain kind of ‘power legitimization’ as supported by entertainment industry. In order to get a deeper insight into the formation of the myths, narratives and biases referring to the relationship between artists and cultural workers in nowadays Latvia, the authors of the study have combined empiric data analysis based on the research project by the Government Commission for KGB Research at the University of Latvia, the purpose of which was to prepare KGB card files for public access on the website of the National Archives of Latvia, and qualitative media and public discussion narrative analysis, focusing on how certain aspects referring to Soviet legacy in general and specifically to cooperation between artists and cultural sector workers and KGB have been framed and portrayed in actual social memory representations.

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Cohen, Eli, and Elizabeth (Betty) Boyd. "The KGB and Anti-Israel Propaganda Operations." Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 22 (2019): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4488.

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Aim/Purpose: The paper explores the success of KGB Operation SIG to incite hatred and create chaos against a democracy Background: About 50 years ago, the KGB created the means to create upheaval in the Mid-dle East. This paper explores one such campaign and its successor campaign, revealing some disinformation techniques in use today. Methodology: The paper brings together literature from many fields in its exploration of Op-eration SIG. Contribution: The paper reveals the role of the KGB in the PLO’s campaign to replace Israel with an Arab Muslim state and the PLO and Hamas’s successor disinformation mechanisms Findings: Operation SIG is an early and extremely successful example of the Sovi-et/Russian campaign to disrupt democracy. Recommendation for Researchers: The recurrence of antisemitism, particularly on campus, can be attributed to Operation SIG.

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Floyd, David, and Vladislav Krasnov. "Soviet Defectors-The KGB Wanted List." Russian Review 46, no. 3 (July 1987): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/130575.

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Parrish, Michael, and John J. Dziak. "Chekisty: A History of the KGB." Journal of Military History 53, no. 2 (April 1989): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985759.

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Knight, Amy. "The Fate of the KGB Archives." Slavic Review 52, no. 3 (1993): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499726.

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Lukes, Igor. "Working Against the KGB in Moscow." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 27, no. 1 (November 20, 2013): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842816.

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Ebon, Martin. "KGB in transition: The Bakatin interregnum." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 6, no. 3 (September 1993): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435223.

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Evans, Joseph C. "Berlin tunnel intelligence: A bumbling KGB." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 9, no. 1 (January 1996): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435304.

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Gevorkian, Natalia. "The KGB: “They Still Need us”." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 49, no. 1 (January 1993): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1993.11456300.

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Bateman, Aaron. "The KGB and Its Enduring Legacy." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2016.1129863.

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Streikus, Arūnas. "Lithuanian Catholic clergy and the KGB." Religion, State and Society 34, no. 1 (March 2006): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637490500460006.

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Journal articles on the topic 'KGB'

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