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Osman, Amira A. "The Dynamics of Livelihood and Gender Relations in Sudan: The Case of Displacement Camps in Khartoum." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5700.
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Elshafie, Amna Elamin Ahmed. "Farm liquidity and finance of vegetable production in rural Khartoum, Sudan /." Berlin : Köster, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009953756&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Badri, Osman Abdelkarim. "Inventions, inventiveness and inventors in vegetable production in Khartoum State, Sudan." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394521.
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Hamid, Gamal Mahmoud. "Rationalizing urban land utilization : guidelines for housing developments in greater Khartoum, Sudan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74324.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-111).
The housing crisis in Greater Khartoum manifests itself in a very high demand for housing and a deficient supply mechanism. This unsatisfied demand is reflected in high rents and land prices, high occupancy rates, and sprawling squatter areas. Due to the low priority of the housing sector vis-a-vis the "productive" sectors, public investment in housing has been reduced to insignificant amounts resulting in less services, fewer serviced sites, and negligible investment in direct housing construction. Ironically, the only resource that exists in abundance --land-- is irrationally wasted by adopting high space standards. The extremely low densities that result precludes economic servicing of housing areas given the tight budgets of beneficiaries and public agencies. The extent of infrastructure and services needed in new housing developments, and the inability of public agencies to provide them often oblige agencies to slow down urbanization of new housing extensions. This study analyzes the housing problem in Greater Khartoum and proposes to tackle it through a "least effort" approach in the form of guidelines at two levels: First, at the level of existing neighborhoods, it calls for reevaluating the land utilization pattern, capturing any underutilized spaces and converting them into housing plots. An added advantage of this process is that it allows communities to participate in decisions pertinent to their neighborhoods; and, second , at the level of new neighborhoods, it spells out the criteria for appropriate space and facilities allocation, and provides planning indices geared towards rational land utilization. A model layout that demonstrates the application of the guidelines in residential area planning is appended to the study.
by Gamal Mahmoud Hamid.
M.S.
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Sirdar, Mohamed Mahmoud. "Antibiotic residues in commercial layer hens in Khartoum State, Sudan, 2007-2008." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23460.
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The prevalence of antimicrobial residues in table eggs produced in Khartoum State, Sudan was estimated and determined. All available producing layer farms in the state were sampled in April, June and August 2008. For each layer house three egg samples were randomly collected to increase the sensitivity of antimicrobial residue screening test detectability. In total, 933 egg samples were analyzed, collected from 175 layer farms (335 layer houses) in three periods of collection. An in-house residue detection test using Geobacillus stearothermophillus var calidolactis was the analytical procedure used for the analysis. Data were analysed using Survey Toolbox to calculate the true prevalence and confidence intervals. The proportion of layer farms with antimicrobial residues in April, June and August was 61.1%, 60.2% and 68.7% respectively. The proportion of layer houses affected in April, June and August were 56.0%, 54.1% and 57.1% respectively. The results showed insignificant variation among the three periods of the surveillance (p = 0.57). A census covering all three localities of the state (Khartoum, Bahry and Omdurman) was carried out in late 2007 and early 2008. Data were recorded on areas where farms occur, number of houses per farm, total capacity of birds and farming systems. The census showed that there were 252 layer farms in the state distributed in 31 different areas with a total population of 2 221 800 birds. A structured questionnaire survey was carried out in April 2008 in the state, to assess and collect data on risk factors associated with the presence of antimicrobial residues in table eggs. The questionnaire investigated antibiotic usage patterns for each layer farm as well as the basic knowledge and understanding of farmers about public health concerns associated with antibiotic use in food producing animals. Questions were closed ended and data was obtained through direct interviews with farm owners and managers. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the information captured; calculating frequencies, graphs and measures of association, using the EpiInfo™ statistical package. Ninety two farms were surveyed 98% of which comprised open-sided houses. It was found that 48.9% of the farms surveyed were on antibiotic treatment when the survey was conducted, while 58.7% of the farms had used antibiotics within the last three months. There was a significant association between having disease on the farm and using antibiotics (P<0.001). The study showed that there is a serious lack of knowledge about the dangers of using antibiotics in animals and their potential impact on human health. In addition, Sudan lacks any type of formal control of veterinary drugs in terms of legislated residue limits or monitoring and surveillance programmes. This leads the authors to the conclusion that all Sudanese consumers are at risk for ARs in eggs.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Production Animal Studies
unrestricted
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Eltilib, Elturabi Galal Khalifa. "Oral health status among children with special needs in Khartoum State, Sudan." University of Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3388.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)Introduction: Children with disabilities and other special needs present unique challenges for oral health professionals in the planning and execution of dental treatment. The oral health of children with special health care needs is influenced by various socio-demographic factors, including their living conditions and severity of the impairment. According to United States (US) Maternal and Child Health Bureau, special health care needs (SHCN) children are defined as “those who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally”. Aim and Objectives: The aim was to determine the oral health status of children with special needs. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease and oral mucosal lesions among children with special needs in Khartoum State aged 5 to 15 years old attending educational and rehabilitation institutions. Methodology: A descriptive cross–sectional study was carried out. Data were collected with a data capture sheet that was a modified WHO Oral Health Assessment Clinical Oral Examination Guideline. Demographic variables, dmft, periodontal disease and oral mucosal lesions were recorded. Results: The mean dmft /DMFT scores was 2.02/1.25. The DMFT score increased with age, girls showed higher score than boys and autistic children had the poorest oral health among other disabilities. More than two third of the examined sextants were healthy, less than quarter had bleeding (18.3%) and 5% calculus accumulation. Fissured tongue was the most frequent oral lesion found. Conclusion: Children with special needs in Khartoum State demonstrated a high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease and do not receive adequate dental care. There is an urgent need for both preventive and treatment programmes to improve the oral health of children with special needs.
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Ahmed, Nada Hassan Mohamed. "Oral cancer knowledge, attitudes and practices among dentists in Khartoum State, Sudan." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3847.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of dentists related to oral cancer prevention and early detection in public dental clinics in Khartoum State, Sudan
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Idris, Modather Mohamed Ahmed Sheikh. "Assessment of infection control in public dental clinics in Khartoum State, Sudan." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4088.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The unique nature of dental procedures, instrumentation and patient care settings require specific strategies directed at the prevention of transmission of diseases among oral health care workers and their patients. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of infection control among dentists and dental auxiliaries in public dental clinics in Khartoum State, Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a structured administered questionnaire was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of 38 closed-ended questions that included the key areas of infection control including hand hygiene, personal protection, sterilization and disinfection and environmental infection control. There were also questions to elicit perceptions regarding the treatment of HBV and HIV/AIDS patients. Results: All except one (n=125) of the oral health personnel in Khartoum State participated in the study. 68 dentists and 57 dental assistants were interviewed. The majority were female (60.8%) and 31-40 year olds the predominant age group (44%) for both genders. Hand washing before and after treating each patient was reported by 89.6%. Among dentists, 84.8% reported that they take the medical history of every patient. A quarter of the dentists and 36.8% of dental assistants reported using both hands to recap the used needles. 84%were vaccinated against hepatitis B. With regard to personal protection, the highest adherence was reported for glove use (99.2%), and the least for eye protection (45.6%). None of the study participants used plastic barriers to cover the clinical contact surfaces, 61.6% did not high vacuum suction and 97.6% did not use the rubber dam. All respondents used autoclaves for sterilization, but only 7.2%sterilized hand pieces. 72.8%reported that they did not mind treating HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B patients; however, dental assistants were more willing to treat them than the dentists.
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Feuk, Oscar. "E-health in Khartoum : Viewpoints from University Students." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157179.
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The research was conducted in Khartoum, Sudan, with the purpose to see whether there was an awareness on e-health among students in Khartoum and how they perceive health-related information on the Internet. As there is very little covered in this area, this research also aims to cover the gap in information and data of this field in this particular region, as e-health in Africa is an under-researched area in general. The general picture is that health information in Africa lacks coordination and that e-health system implementations are incapable of allocating crucial information on health for a continuity of care.[1] Health care systems are shifting towards models that emphasizes self-care management and two major concerns in the general perception of online based health information are; The limitations in health-seekers’ own ability as well as the limitations/credibility of online information. With this in mind I conducted a qualitative method using focus groups. I did so due to the ability of creating a discussion with a wider range of perspectives, with a larger number of participants during one discussion, rather than one-to-one discussion/interview, and to identify collective thoughts or perspectives in order to see what might be treated/viewed upon as culturally. The targeted groups consisted of students, mixed gender, in the age group of 17-25 in Khartoum. [1] Funmi Adebesin et al., ”A review of interoperability standards in e-Health and imperatives for their adoption in Africa”, South African Computer Journal, no. 50, 2013: 56, accessed 7 April 2017, http://sacj.cs.uct.ac.za/index.php/sacj/article/view/176/73.
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Bastway, Mohammed Omer Abdalrahim. "Effect of Khartoum City for Water Quality : chemical analyses." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10239.
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This thesis assesses the water quality of the River Nile around the city Khartoum in Khartoum State, Sudan Republic, and investigates eventual influences of the city on the River Nile by analysis of the following parameters: temperature, pH, and conductivity, and Adsorbable Organic Halogen (AOX), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), Total Organic Carbon(TOC) and Nitrate (NO3− ). A survey of the area is also included. It was concluded that the city Khartoum added small but legible concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium and TOC to the river Nile. However, the resulting concentrations were all within acceptable levels. Also, the observed results showed that the Blue and White Nile, which merge together upstream on the outskirts of Khartoum, had concentrations of AOX resp. chromium, which were not suitable for drinking water.
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Osman, Amira Awad. "The dynamics of livelihood and gender relations in Sudan : the case of displacement camps in Khartoum." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5700.
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This study investigates livelihood patterns and gender arrangements during displacement. The main focus is on the experience of internally displaced persons at Al-Salam and Mayo displaced persons' camps at the outskirts of Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. The study uses an integrated gender conceptual framework, which encompasses Moser's triple role framework, practical and strategic gender interests and Kabeer's social relations framework, as well as agency and empowerment concepts and finds that, at places of origin, people were mainly dependent on farming and rearing of animals to earn a living. However, differences existed between regions. This way of livelihood was associated with 'traditional' gender arrangements, where men were the main breadwinners with no clear reproductive roles. By contrast, women's main roles were primarily reproductive. Then war, drought and famine affected people's livelihoods and led to displacement. At the displacement camps, more women than men were able to develop illegal and legal livelihood strategies. These new livelihood patterns upset the old gender patterns and led to emergence of new gender arrangements. Moreover, displaced women were able to build relationships within their gender and to form tajammu'at (women's groups). The NGOs (Non Governmental Organisations) which were active in the displacement camps tended to perceive the displaced as powerless victims, but in practice, displaced women had become social agents and were able to demonstrate empowerment, resilience, and ability to cope with displacement conditions
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Khalil, Ashraf Khalil Abduni. "Perceptions of physiotherapists on their role in the management of intensive care patients in Khartoum, Sudan." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8082.
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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)The professional status of physiotherapists in Sudan is reported to be low even though the profession was established in Khartoum, Sudan in 1969. Intensive care units are operating in Khartoum, Sudan. Physiotherapists have been reported to be integral to the management of intensive care patients. Globally, the role of ICU physiotherapists in the management of ICU patients have been explored and described; however, this information is lacking for Khartoum, where the profession is still in its infancy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and describe the physiotherapists’ perceptions of their role in the management of intensive care patients in Khartoum, Sudan.
2022
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Bützer, Christina [Verfasser]. "The second-class citizens of Sudan : a study of southern Sudanese in Khartoum / Christina Bützer." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025549910/34.
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Al-Rahim, Taha Ahmed Abd. "Bureaucratic politics in the Sudan : a study of access to residential land in Greater Khartoum." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1985. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7972/.
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This study examines the process of the distribution of residential land in Greater Khartoum, Sudan, and inquires into the processes which constrain the access of the urban population to residential plots. The main objective is to analyse the constraints which bear upon the implementation of urban housing policy, and to develop an adequate explanation of their sources and underlying mechanisms. The study employs a broad framework of analysis that combines a structural analysis of the political economy with an institutional analysis of policy and organisational process. It will be argued that the limitations inherent in the urban housing policy in Sudan can be explained in terms of the prevailing policy planning model and the underlying structural constraints which arise from the nature of the political economy. The study consists of seven chapters. Chapter One provides an overview of perspectives of policy implementation in the Third World. The relevance of some of these perspectives to an approach that relates policy problems to social structure will be considered. Chapter Two presents an exposition of the Sudanese economy and highlights the question of how dominant economic interests influence public policy. Chapter Three addresses the links between social structure and public policy by analysing the prevalent model of policy planning in Sudan. It will be argued that there is a correspondence between the social content of the policy model and the interests of dominant economic classes identified in Chapter Two. Chapter Four focuses on the effect of the policy model on urban social policy. Two policy areas will be examined: the policy of regional development and its impact on housing problems in the capital; and the policy of urban land development. Chapter Five investigates the concrete limits on access to residential land at the level of housing agencies. Their organisational patterns, rules of allocation and operational processes will be examined. Chapter Six narrows the focus on the limits on access by examining the upgrading process in one of the capital's illegal settlements. Chapter Seven concludes the argument on the source and the incidence of constraints on policy implementation. We will synthesise the processes underlying the constraints identified in the preceding chapters, and advance a broad explanation of the nature and the incidence of these constraints.
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Elmukhtar, Yasir Mohamed. "Knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5037.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The level of knowledge and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety will have a direct impact on patient exposure to radiation. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using an administered structured questionnaire was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions that included the demographic data of dentists, basic knowledge regarding radiation safety, knowledge of methods of dose reduction and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety. One hundred and sixty seven dental practitioners participated in the study. Results: The response rate was 90%. The majority were female, 59%, in the age group younger than 29 years with clinical experience less than 10 years. Only fifteen of the respondents identified themselves as specialist. Half of the respondents did not know that the thyroid gland is the most radiosensitive organ in the head and neck region. Forty four percent believed that the dose for panoramic radiography was higher than that for full mouth periapical radiographs. Forty percent had no idea that a relationship exists between the length of the x-ray cone and the amount of the dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the long cone is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Forty seven percent of the respondents had no idea that there is a relationship between the speed of the film and the amount of dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the fast film is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Sixty six percent had no idea that a relationship exists between collimation of the x-ray tube and patient dose. Forty six percent who knew the relationship existed, failed to explain that rectangular collimation is more effective for dose reduction. Seventy two percent of the dentists did not know what a safe distance from the radiation source was. Forty seven percent did not use film holders when taking periapical radiographs. Conclusions: This study clearly illustrates that there is a lack of knowledge regarding radiation safety in dentists in the government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Therefore there is a need to increase their knowledge regarding methods of radiation dose reduction (to patient) as well as improving their attitude regarding the radiation safety.
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Elidrissi, Sitana Mustafa Idris. "Prevalence of dental caries and tooth brushing habits among preschool children in Khartoum State, Sudan." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3905.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and tooth brushing habits among 3 to 5 year-olds preschool children in Khartoum state. Dental caries in preschool children remains a major dental public health problem as it affects significant number of preschool children in both developed and developing countries and it is on increase in the developing ones as in Sudan due to the change in life style with the absence of oral health preventive programs and inadequate access to oral health care
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Abdelseed, Abdelseed Ibrahim. "Oral health status, knowledge, attitudes and practice among pregnant women attending Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3760.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The aim of the research was to determine oral health status, knowledge, attitude and practicesv regarding oral hygiene among pregnant women attending Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan.
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Elghazali, Burhan. "Urban Intensification in Metropolitan Khartoum : Influential Factors, Benefits and Applicability." Doctoral thesis, KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4040.
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This dissertation explores the theoretical and methodological implications involved in the policy framework needed to intensify urban residential areas in a developing country. Metropolitan Khartoum, Sudan, has been chosen as a case study. The aim of the study is to further our understanding of the implications of transforming a sprawling city form to an intensified form. The objectives are: to identify the factors that have shaped Sudanese urban form in general and Metropolitan Khartoum in specific; to identify the policies that can intensify the urban residential neighborhoods in Metropolitan Khartoum; and, to influence both the demand and requisite housing needs for this intensified form. This research is qualitative in its nature: the complexity of the study problematic required the adoption of a constructivist paradigm as the fundamental set of beliefs. Inductive arguments are used in conjunction with a wide range of methods, including detailed descriptions of Sudan and metropolitan Khartoum, with special emphasis on how local environment, urban challenges, policy, legislation and practices affect the study problematic. The theoretical premises of intensification are reviewed along with development issues, urban infrastructure challenges and opportunities in developing countries and local acceptability of intensification. The different forces that can shape urban forms have been described and the suitability of metropolitan Khartoum, with different general urban intensification policies and practices and of urban management tools in large African cities has been investigated. The outcome of the study provides detail for a discussion of results that work to explain some of the cause and effect of urban sprawl in Metropolitan Khartoum. It also suggests possible change in both policy and regulation to induce successful city reform towards intensification.
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Deshayes, Clément. "Lutter en ville au Soudan : éthnographie politique de deux mouvements de contestation : Girifna et Sudan Change Now." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080031.
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Cette thèse analyse les transformations du militantisme urbain en situation autoritaire au travers de l’étude de deux mouvements de contestation de constitution récente au Soudan : Girifna et Sudan Change Now. Ces organisations d’un nouveau type sont devenues depuis 2010 des acteurs majeurs de la contestation grâce à des actions protéiformes et innovantes dans un contexte socio-politique marqué par la séparation du Soudan du Sud et une crise économique d’ampleur inégalée. La naissance de ces groupes, comme dans d’autres pays d’Afrique et du Moyen Orient, interroge sur les mutations de l’engagement contestataire en « situation globale » et sur la possibilité d’expression d’un dissentiment explicite dans des configurations autoritaires de pouvoir. Au travers d’une ethnographie de longue durée, cette recherche montre la manière dont ces rébellions se construisent au plus proche, dans l’entrelacs des réseaux de solidarité familiale, de quartier, de classe et en s’insérant dans les contre-cultures de la jeunesse urbaine. Nous interrogeons la manière dont ces mouvements de contestation, tout en dessinant et produisant les frontières et les représentations de la « ville militante », articulent leur action locale et internationale. Les militants et les mouvements participent aux processus multidimensionnels de la phase actuelle de la globalisation tout en subissant ses aspects les plus inégalitaires. Par ailleurs, nous avons analysé la contestation urbaine non seulement dans son interaction avec l’État et la répression, mais aussi dans son imbrication dans les structures politiques qui s’expriment au travers des hiérarchisations sociales et des processus de domination que ces groupes militants contribuent paradoxalement à produire autant qu’à contesterThis thesis addresses the transformations of urban militant action in a situation of authoritarian power through the study of two protest movements of recent constitution in Sudan: Girifna and Sudan Change Now. These two movements, of a novel nature, have since 2010 marked themselves as major players of contestation through protean and innovative modalities of action in a context informed by instability: the splintering of the state of Sudan and an unparalleled situation of economical crisis. The birth of these groups, as in diverse parts of Africa and the Middle East, is worthy of raising interrogations surrounding the nature of the protest engagement mutations within the “global situation” and the possibility to organize dissent in the face of authoritarian structures of power. Through long term ethnographic research, this study aims to elucidate how these structures of resistance form on the micro-level, in the context of familial relationships, neighbourhoods and class networks and how they manifest in the form of an urban youth counter culture. This thesis interrogates how these movements designate and produce the boundaries and horizons of the militant city; as well as how they structure their action on the local and international levels. Activists and protest movements are part of the multidimensional processes of the current phase of globalization while undergoing its utmost unequal aspects. In addition, this work analyses urban resistance not only in relation to the state and its repressive actions but also in terms of its embedding in political structures that are visible through the social hierarchies and processes of domination that these militant groups are paradoxically trying to challenge as much as they are contributing to produce them
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Abdalla, Ishtiag Faroug [Verfasser]. "Socioeconomic Aspects of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture: A Diagnostic Study in Khartoum, Sudan / Ishtiag Faroug Abdalla." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102507193X/34.
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Osman, Negla Ahmed Albasheer. "The acceptance and use of information and communication technologies by staff members in Khartoum state’s universities (Sudan)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-167921.
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This study is mainly designed to investigate the issue of acceptance and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and examine factors that influence and predict acceptance and use of ICTs among Staff Members (SMs) of Khartoum State Universities (KSUs) (Sudan). To achieve these objectives the study was structured in seven chapters that represent the chronological development of the study. The review of the literature allows for the development of a study conceptual framework, instruments, and methodology of the study. A mixed methodology, mainly quantitative questionnaire of a deductive nature and qualitative methods, was employed. Of 787 questionnaires randomly distributed 527 (a response rate 67 %,) was received and analysed. The analysis was performed using SPSS, Smart Partial Least Squire (Smart-PLS), and qualitative analysis. Thus, descriptive, explanatory, and content analyses were presented and discussed. The results of the analysis of the situations and variations provide important information on SMs’ skills, experience, purposes and duration of ICT use. The result revealed that, ICTs were widely used by most SMs. However, relatively low numbers of SMs used ICTs in teaching. Perceived usefulness (PU) and SMs’ intrinsic motivation were the main reasons that motivated SMs to use ICTs. Amongst different purposes of using ICTs, SMs use it principally for teaching and academic purposes. Among many suggested constrains, specific infrastructure, organization, and individual level were strongly agreed on as the main problem that hinder SMs’ ICT use. The statistical analysis revealed that the use of ICTs for teaching and the duration of this use vary significantly with variations in SMs’ demographic and personal characteristics. In order to examine factors influencing SMs’ acceptance and use of ICTs, a conceptual framework and relevant instruments of data collections, which was based on technology acceptance model (TAM) supported by other models, were developed. The analysis of Structural equation modelling (SEM) via smart-PLS confirmed the reliability and validity of the measurements and the structural models. The results of the analysis of the structural models indicate that nine out of thirteen claimed hypotheses were proved and supported. The findings proved applicability and the validity of TAM in predicting SMs’ acceptance and use of ICTs in the study context. SMs’ acceptance of ICTs was found toDie vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet die Fragen der Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT). Sie untersucht am Beispiel des Lehrpersonals von staatlichen sowie privaten Universitäten im Bundesland Khartum (Sudan), welche Faktoren und Einflüsse eine Vorhersage von IKT-Akzeptanz und Nutzung ermöglichen. Die Darstellung gliedert sich in sieben Kapiteln, die die chronologische Entwicklung der Studie repräsentieren. Ein vorausgehendes umfangreiches Literaturstudium ist die Grundlage für den konzeptionellen Rahmen und die Methodik der vorgelegten Arbeit. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit beruhen auf einer Mischung von quantitativen (Fragebogen) und qualitativen (Interviews und eigene Beobachtung) Untersuchungsmethoden. Die Hauptuntersuchungsmethode war ein bereits vorhandener Fragebogen, dessen inhaltliche Gliederung ergänzt, präzisiert und weiter entwickelt wurde für die Anwendungsgebiete im Sudan. Die Grundlage war die Befragung von 787zufällig ausgewählten Lehrkräften aus sieben privaten sowie sieben staatlichen Universitäten. Von den 787 ausgegebenen Fragebögen konnten 527 (67%) ausgewertet werden. Diese Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS, Smart PLS. Dazu wurde zusätzlich eine qualitative analyse genutzt. So wurden deskriptive, explorative und enthaltene Analysen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Situationen und Variationen liefern wichtige Informationen über SMs 'Fähigkeiten, Erfahrung und Dauer der IKT-Nutzung. Dabei konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass eine IKT-Nutzung unter den Befragten Lehrkräften zwar generell weit verbreitet ist, in Lehrkontexten jedoch erkennbar seltener Anwendung findet. Für eine IKT-Nutzung wesentliche Gründe stellen die intrinsische Motivation eine Person sowie soziale, kulturelle und organisatorische Normen dar. Als Hemmnisse eine IKT-Nutzung werden nicht nur organisatorische und administrative Mängel und Schwächen, sondern auch individuelle Einflüsse bennant. Die Nutzung von IKT für die Lehre und die Dauer ihrer Verwendung konnte dargestellt werden als einige erheblich variierte demographische und persönliche Eigenschaften Zur Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren auf die Lehrpersonal Akzeptanz und die Nutzung von IKT wurden ein konzeptioneller Rahmen und relevante Instrumente der Datensammlungen auf der Basis des Technologieakzeptanz Modells (TAM), unterstützt von anderen Modellen, entwickelt. Die Analyse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen (SEM) via Smart-PLS bestätigen die Zuverlässigkeit und Gültigkeit der Messmodelle. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Strukturmodelle zeigen, dass neun von dreizehn Hypothesen geprüft und bestätigt wurden. Im Rahmen der Studie bewiesen die Ergebnisse die Anwendbarkeit und Gültigkeit der TAM in der Vorhersage SMs Akzeptanz und Nutzung von IKT. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Lehrpersonal Akzeptanz von IKT vor allem von PU und Benutzerfreundlichkeit (PEU) beeinflusst und bestimmt werden. Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Situationsfaktoren (SFs) dominanten Einfluss auf die Nutzung von IKT SMs haben Dagegen wurden Einschränkungen (COs) gefunden, um negative nicht signifikante Wirkungen zu haben. Die Erleichterungs-Faktoren (FF) haben jedoch positive dominant signifikante Wirkungen. Bei der Nutzung und Akzeptanz von IKT wurde außerdem festgestellt, dass sie direkt und indirekt von sozialen Faktoren (SIP) und kulturellen Faktoren (CUFs) beeinflusst werden. Die Tests mit Hilfe der Multigruppenanalyse(MGA) zeigen, dass die Kultur mäßigende Wirkung auf SMs IKT Akzeptanz und Nutzung hat. Die Ergebnisse wurden weiter unterstützt und ergänzt durch Informationen aus eingehenden Interviews und Beobachtungen. Bei der abschließenden Diskussion wurde festgestellt, dass einige Ergebnisse in der einschlägigen Literatur nicht unterstützt werden. Die Diskussion schlussfolgert zu den entwickelten Modellen von IKT, dass sie die positiven signifikanten (direkten und mäßigenden) Beziehungen von reflektierenden Faktoren enthalten, die die IKT Nutzung und Akzeptanz durch das Lehrpersonal in KSUs beeinflussen. Die Studie impliziert: Beiträge zu Wissen, Theorie und Praxis wurden weiter diskutiert, gefolgt von Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen
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Mann, Laura Elizabeth. "Retreat of the state and the market : liberalisation and education expansion in Sudan under the NCP." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6465.
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This thesis is an analysis of two concurrent processes - the liberalisation of the economy and the expansion of the tertiary education system - by the National Islamic Front (NIF)/National Congress Party (NCP) in Khartoum, Sudan. It is based on 18 months fieldwork conducted between 2008 and 2010, combining qualitative material from interviews, focus groups and field notes with a questionnaire administered to 300 employees in 14 organisations and 100 other individuals on public transportation. This questionnaire was adapted from Mark Granovetter’s survey of job information in the United States. The thesis makes both theoretical and empirical contributions. It examines the extent to which liberalisation has developed ‘markets’ by looking at communication in the labour market from the point of view of university graduates and managers in different fields. In contrast to Granovetter’s theory of ‘the strength of weak ties’ (SWT), it shows a trend of strong and strengthening ties in the Sudanese labour market. It argues that the combination of politically motivated liberalisation and the drastic expansion of education has plunged Sudan into a state of ‘hyperinflation’ of its qualifications, making public information about candidates untrustworthy and encouraging managers to use more personal sources of information to evaluate candidates. A simultaneous privatisation and internationalisation of opportunity has ensued. Educational expansion and liberalisation have dissolved the national cognitive space of the labour market and have forced actors to construct their own private economic spaces and to draw on transnational spaces in order to deal with uncertainty. The thesis therefore demonstrates an incongruity between ‘liberalised markets’ and the ‘markets’ envisioned by economic models (spaces of communication and coordination between strangers). It concludes by arguing that the retreat of both state and market has contributed to the ethnic fragmentation of Sudan under the NCP.
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Merghani, Abubakr. "Thermal comfort and spatial variability : a study of traditional courtyard houses in the hot dry climate of Khartoum, Sudan." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272734.
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Alfadil, Tsabeeh Abdalrahman. "Knowledge attitudes and practices regarding physiotherapy management of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units in Khartoum State." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6284.
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Masters of Science - Msc (Physiotherapy)The Physiotherapist is an important member of the multidisciplinary team managing critically ill patients in the ICU. Physiotherapy practice in the ICU has shown itself to be effective, whereas the lack of physiotherapy management in the care of critically ill patients may prolong recovery. Therefore, the knowledge and attitudes about physiotherapy management by the other Health Care Professionals of the team is essential in order to facilitate efficient and effective medical services. This study aimed to determine other Health Care Professional' knowledge, attitudes regarding physiotherapy management in the ICU. As well as, it determined the current physiotherapy practices applied by physiotherapists in ICUs in Khartoum State - Republic of Sudan. The study was conducted due to limited studies in this field.
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Ibrahim, Salah el-Din el-Shazali. "Peripheral urbanism and the Sudan : explorations in the political economy of the wage labour market in greater Khartoum, 1900-1984." Thesis, University of Hull, 1985. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3574.
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Abdalla, Sahar Babiker Ahmed [Verfasser]. "Agricultural practices and horizontal nutrient balances in urban gardens and the alternative use of urban agricultural land in Khartoum, Sudan / Sahar Babiker Ahmed Abdalla." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020006684/34.
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Nourelhuda, Mohammed Nourelhuda Mai. "Analyse des pratiques littéraires à l'université de Khartoum au Soudan et dispositif d'amélioration." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2060.
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Dans le contexte multilingue soudanais où le français est enseigné comme une deuxième langue étrangère, les instances éducatives témoignent d’un véritable intérêt pour la culture et pour la langue française. Cette thèse porte sur l’enseignement de la littérature française et francophone dans un contexte universitaire soudanais. Elle pose deux questions principales : Quels sont les problèmes liés à l’enseignement / apprentissage de la littérature en FLE dans le contexte de la Faculté des Lettres de l’Université de Khartoum ? et comment améliorer les pratiques d’enseignement des modules de littérature dans son département de français ? La thèse propose une analyse des pratiques didactiques à travers un croisement de données : observations de classes, entretiens avec les enseignants et les étudiants et analyse de productions écrites. L’apprenant de langue étrangère ne peut être dissocié de son contexte, de sa langue maternelle et de ses stratégies d’apprentissage, la première partie de la thèse est donc consacrée au contexte historique et sociolinguistique soudanais ainsi qu’à une brève présentation du système éducatif. La deuxième partie présente l’ancrage théorique de la recherche ainsi que son cadreméthodologique. La troisième partie expose l’analyse des données recueillies. Le but principal de cette thèse est de proposer des pistes d’amélioration de l’enseignement de la littérature dans cette universitéIn the Sudanese multilingual context, where French is taught as a second foreign language, educational bodies demonstrate a genuine interest in French language and culture. This thesis focuses on the teaching of French and francophone literature in Sudanese universities. Two main questions are asked: What problems are linked to teaching/learning literature in French as a foreign language courses at the Faculty of arts of the University of Khartoum? And how can the department’s teaching methods for literature modules be improved? The thesis proposes an analysis of the didactic practises through a cross-analysis of class observations, interviews with professors and students, and students’ written work. The foreign language learner cannot be separated from their context, their native language and their learning strategies, which is why the first part of the thesis isdedicated to the Sudanese historical and sociolinguistic context, as well as a brief introduction to the school system. The second part presents the research’s theoretical integration as well as the methodological frame. The third part presents the analysis of the collected data. The main objective of this thesis is to suggest improvement ideas for the teaching of literature at this university
في السياق السوداني متعدد اللغات، حيث يتم تدريس اللغة الفرنسية كلغة أجنبية ثانية، تُظهر الؤسساتُ التعليميةُ اهتماماً حقيقياً باللغةِوبالثقافة الفرنسية. تركز هذه الرسالة على تدريس الدب الفرنسي والفرانكوفوني في الامعات السودانية بطرح سؤالي رئيسيي : ما هي الشاكلالرتبطة بتدريس ودراسة الدب في اللغة الفرنسية حال كونها لغة أجنبية وبصفة خاصة في كلية الداب في جامعة الرطوم؟ وكيف يكن تسيطرق تدريس الدب في الشعبة العنية ؟ تقترح الطروحة تليلً للممارسات التعليمية بعد ملحظتها ووصفها بداية، ثم إجراء القابلت مع الساتذةوالطلب، وأخيراً تليل العمل الكتوب للطلب. ل يكن فصل متعلم اللغة الجنبية عن مجتمعه ولغته الصلية واستراتيجيات تعلمه، وهذا هو السبفي أن الباب الول من الطروحة مخصص للسياق اللغوي الجتماعي السوداني، بالضافة إلى مقدمة موجزة للنظام الدرسي. يعرض الباب الثانيالدراسات والبحوث السابقة في هذا الال وكذلك الطار النهجي للطروحة. الباب الثالث يقدم تليل ًمفصلً للبيانات التي ت جمعها. الهدف الرئيسيمن هذه الرسالة هو اقتراح أفكار لتحسي وطرق تدريس الدب في هذه الامعة
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Crombé, Laure. "Enjeux d’échelles, enjeux politiques : l’approvisionnement et l’accès à l’eau dans les quartiers périphériques du grand Khartoum (Soudan)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100013/document.
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Cette thèse analyse les évolutions liées à l’introduction des réformes néolibérales dans le secteur de l’eau à partir des histoires urbaines de trois quartiers périphériques de l’agglomération du Grand Khartoum. Articulé autour de la transition depuis des systèmes d’approvisionnement et d’accès à l’eau locaux vers les réseaux d’adduction d’eau centraux et publics, ce travail privilégie une approche scalaire et temporelle qui met en évidence la recomposition des relations de pouvoir liées aux infrastructures et au contrôle de la ressource. Cette approche met en évidence les négociations multiples qui se jouent autour de l’eau. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse d’une politique scalaire descendante de l’acteur gouvernemental, la Khartoum State Water Corporation (KSWC) contribue à la mise en place d’organisations locales de l’approvisionnement en eau par une association ou les comités populaires. Cette politique s’appuie et renforce les catégorisations de l’espace et de service discriminantes dans lesquels s’intègrent d’autres acteurs de l’approvisionnement et de l’accès à l’eau (ONG, gestionnaires locaux, population). Dans un second temps, l’intensification des réformes néolibérales entraîne la restructuration du service au niveau de l’agglomération. L’extension des réseaux et de l’administration public-es par la KSWC qui participe à la redistribution des responsabilités techniques et du pouvoir liés à la ressource en eau. Cette politique n’implique pas une désagrégation de l’autorité centrale mais une recomposition des instances étatiques au sein de la ville. Les stratégies et les pratiques scalaires des acteurs locaux et de la population lors des négociations sur le développement des réseaux unitaires témoignent des évolutions de la relation entre l’État et la société urbaine. Enfin, l’étude scalaire des relations autour de l’eau à partir des systèmes locaux met en évidence la mutation et l’intégration des formes d’exercice autoritaire de pouvoir dans la villeStarting from the urban history of three peripheral districts of the Greater Khartoum urban area, this thesis analyses the transformations of the water supply due to neoliberal reforms. The transition from local water supply systems to central and public networks involves embedded negotiations around water. The scalar and temporal perspective used in this work underlines important restructurings of power relations linked to infrastructures and control over the resource. First, the politic of down-scaling from the governmental actor, the Khartoum State Water Corporation (KSWC), leads to the development of local water supply systems, either by an association, or by the popular committees. This politics of down-scaling water supply reinforces discriminatory categories of space and service which are integrated by others actors like NGOs, local managers and the population. Secondly, the intensification of neoliberal reforms entails the restructuring of water service at the urban level. KSWC’s networks and administration expansion contributes to the redistribution of technical responsibilities and water powers. This turn does not lead to the disintegration of the central authority, but rather to a restructuration of the state apparatus in the urban space. When networks arrive, the scalar strategies and practices of local actors and population give evidence of changes in the State-Society relationships. Finally, the scalar approach of relations around water underlines the integration of authoritarian forms of power
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Osman, Negla Ahmed Albasheer [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Köhler, and Nicolae [Akademischer Betreuer] Nistor. "The acceptance and use of information and communication technologies by staff members in Khartoum state’s universities (Sudan) / Negla Ahmed Albasheer Osman. Gutachter: Thomas Köhler ; Nicolae Nistor." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107236025X/34.
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Ojaba, Elizabeth. "The relevance of the current child health and nutrition policies of Sudan to the demand for utilization of these services by low-income urban mothers in Khartoum." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285836.
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Ahmed, Hashim [Verfasser], Hanno [Akademischer Betreuer] Hortsch, and Sidiga [Akademischer Betreuer] Washi. "Building Capacity of Teachers and Trainers in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Sudan : Case of Khartoum State / Hashim Ahmed. Gutachter: Hanno Hortsch ; Sidiga Washi. Betreuer: Hanno Hortsch." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1067729070/34.
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Osman, Negla, and Thomas Köhler. "Does community matter? Social and cultural influences on acceptance and use of collaborative educational technologies." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-126210.
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The recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) over the past two decades have influenced many aspects of live ([19] and [7]). These advances make the issue of acceptance of ICTs a topic of increasing importance, particularly in educational research and practice [18]. Many studies have been conducted to understand, explain, and predict the issue of acceptance and use of new technologies. Fortunately, these studies have resulted in several serious theoretical developments [9]. Overall understanding of the role of culture and social norms in influencing acceptance and use of education technologies, particularly collaborative and interactive technologies such as the internet, can facilitate the successful implementation and use of these technologies in the educational context. This study concentrates on providing insight into the influence of culture and social processes on staff members’ acceptance and use of educational technology, namely the internet at Khartoum state universities (KSUs). Specifically, the study aims to identify the influential role of these factors on acceptance and the use of the internet as a helpful collaborative educational technology. To achieve this aim, the study adopts technology acceptance model (TAM), which is modified (i.e. extended) with Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (mainly uncertainty avoidance and masculinity). With the help of a structural equation model (SEM), the data assessment demonstrates the validity of the model and proves that social influence process and cultural factors have significant (direct and moderate) influence on staff members’ acceptance and use of internet technology for teaching and academic activities – i.e. the authors are able to assert that community matters in the adoption of these new ICTs. The article concludes by offering important implications and recommendations for both research and practice.
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Hilpert, Ralf Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Frommer. "Lebensqualität und psychische Folgen nach weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung bei Studentinnen in Khartum, Sudan / Ralf Hilpert. Betreuer: Jörg Frommer." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1054136025/34.
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Khairy, Abeer Awad Abdulmagied. "Spatiotemporal flood hazard and flood risk assessment using remote sensing techniques. Case study: Khartoum State, Sudan." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/93710.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesThe state of Khartoum being the most populated state in Sudan, faces the consequences of floods recurrence almost annually during rainy season. Policy makers and on ground NGOs need to tackle the hazard of floods in an effective and efficient manner. Recent research demonstrated the capabilities and potentials of remote sensing in flood hazard and risk mapping. This study aims to map flood hazard and assess the risk of floods in state of Khartoum, Sudan. In order to identify the flood hazard in state counties, an inundation indicator is used, namely the relative frequency of inundation (RFI). Flood events that occurred from 1988 to 2018 were mapped using Landsat satellite images, and maximum flood extent was then delineated. RFI was obtained using maximum flood extent maps and served as the flood hazard map. We developed a Land Cover Land Use (LCLU) map using Landsat 8 to identify affected urban and croplands areas in the state of Khartoum. RFI values was used along with LCLU map to assess state counties, and to assess the vulnerability of public facilities (health and educational facilities) using zonal statistics. It was demonstrated that, in terms of average RFI values for LCLU classes per county, croplands had the highest flood hazard, and Urban areas carried a relatively moderate flood hazard. The results of this study indicate that croplands on the riverbanks are the most inundated areas in the state of Khartoum, and the most urbanized counties have the highest flood hazard.
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Ahmed, Hashim. "Building Capacity of Teachers and Trainers in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Sudan: Case of Khartoum State." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25677.
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The purpose of this research was to do applied study to investigate TVET teacher education in Sudan in a bid to rebuild and raise the capacity of the teachers and trainers who are working in the technical schools and vocational training centers in Khartoum state, and to generalize the overall results throughout the Sudan. Specifically, many research questions were addressed to target the main purpose of the study: To what extent the practical components of curriculum are applied in and outside TVET institutions? To what extent the in-service training’s programs meet the professional development of teachers and trainers?
Is the private sector contributes to the training programs? Which approaches could be implemented to improve the teacher training? To what extent the integration of ICTs in learning and teaching process improves competence of TVET teachers? Is there re-training program for old teachers? Is there need to train teacher in private sector workshop? Moreover: the following concepts are relevant to raising the capacity building of teachers are studied: teacher professional development, capacity building, integration of suitable level of information and communication technology (ICT) to teacher education and the connectivity of training process to world of work.
In order to collect convenient information, the study used the questionnaire and interview as instruments to achieve the objectives of the research. The main population of the study is teachers, trainers, administrators and employers. With respect to data analysis, the study used the SPSS program and the Chi-square to test some hypotheses.
The results of the study showed that essential innovations and reforms on the initial and in-service training programs should be done especially, respect to practical components of the initial and in-service training to reach the professional development for teachers. Since most of interviewees confirmed old curricula of the initial education of teacher and there was no retraining program for the teacher on the job: the linkage of the training to world of work is needed to keep the teacher up-to date. Integration of ICT into learning/teaching process is very important factor because it’s one of the modernization requirements; hence if we do not do this now it should be urgent necessity at the near future. Major result of the study the proposed training approach for TVET teachers in Sudan, whereas implementation of this approach depends on three levels: macro- level the political commitment by undertaking clear national policy and conceptual framework for technical and vocational education and improving the image of teachers, their work conditions and media involvement. Meso-level:(public and private sector): since a moral contribution towards training of TVET teachers should be realized, by providing real opportunity to make a success to this new training approach by means of offering technical support, technical consultation, advanced knowledge, specialized seminars and contributing of all training policies especially the financial cost. Micro-level (TVET institutions): there is vital role of administrators to play to attract best candidates not only students of low grades to TVET domain. For example, integrate simple level technology into curricula. Improve initial and in-service training programs based on training needs assessment. Create good internship, and improving the work environment and incentives for teachers.
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Osman, Negla Ahmed Albasheer. "The acceptance and use of information and communication technologies by staff members in Khartoum state’s universities (Sudan)." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28706.
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This study is mainly designed to investigate the issue of acceptance and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and examine factors that influence and predict acceptance and use of ICTs among Staff Members (SMs) of Khartoum State Universities (KSUs) (Sudan). To achieve these objectives the study was structured in seven chapters that represent the chronological development of the study.
The review of the literature allows for the development of a study conceptual framework, instruments, and methodology of the study. A mixed methodology, mainly quantitative questionnaire of a deductive nature and qualitative methods, was employed. Of 787 questionnaires randomly distributed 527 (a response rate 67 %,) was received and analysed. The analysis was performed using SPSS, Smart Partial Least Squire (Smart-PLS), and qualitative analysis.
Thus, descriptive, explanatory, and content analyses were presented and discussed. The results of the analysis of the situations and variations provide important information on SMs’ skills, experience, purposes and duration of ICT use. The result revealed that, ICTs were widely used by most SMs. However, relatively low numbers of SMs used ICTs in teaching. Perceived usefulness (PU) and SMs’ intrinsic motivation were the main reasons that motivated SMs to use ICTs. Amongst different purposes of using ICTs, SMs use it principally for teaching and academic purposes.
Among many suggested constrains, specific infrastructure, organization, and individual level were strongly agreed on as the main problem that hinder SMs’ ICT use. The statistical analysis revealed that the use of ICTs for teaching and the duration of this use vary significantly with variations in SMs’ demographic and personal characteristics. In order to examine factors influencing SMs’ acceptance and use of ICTs, a conceptual framework and relevant instruments of data collections, which was based on technology acceptance model (TAM) supported by other models, were developed. The analysis of Structural equation modelling (SEM) via smart-PLS confirmed the reliability and validity of the measurements and the structural models.
The results of the analysis of the structural models indicate that nine out of thirteen claimed hypotheses were proved and supported. The findings proved applicability and the validity of TAM in predicting SMs’ acceptance and use of ICTs in the study context. SMs’ acceptance of ICTs was found to.Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet die Fragen der Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT). Sie untersucht am Beispiel des Lehrpersonals von staatlichen sowie privaten Universitäten im Bundesland Khartum (Sudan), welche Faktoren und Einflüsse eine Vorhersage von IKT-Akzeptanz und Nutzung ermöglichen. Die Darstellung gliedert sich in sieben Kapiteln, die die chronologische Entwicklung der Studie repräsentieren. Ein vorausgehendes umfangreiches Literaturstudium ist die Grundlage für den konzeptionellen Rahmen und die Methodik der vorgelegten Arbeit. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit beruhen auf einer Mischung von quantitativen (Fragebogen) und qualitativen (Interviews und eigene Beobachtung) Untersuchungsmethoden. Die Hauptuntersuchungsmethode war ein bereits vorhandener Fragebogen, dessen inhaltliche Gliederung ergänzt, präzisiert und weiter entwickelt wurde für die Anwendungsgebiete im Sudan. Die Grundlage war die Befragung von 787zufällig ausgewählten Lehrkräften aus sieben privaten sowie sieben staatlichen Universitäten. Von den 787 ausgegebenen Fragebögen konnten 527 (67%) ausgewertet werden. Diese Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS, Smart PLS. Dazu wurde zusätzlich eine qualitative analyse genutzt. So wurden deskriptive, explorative und enthaltene Analysen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Situationen und Variationen liefern wichtige Informationen über SMs 'Fähigkeiten, Erfahrung und Dauer der IKT-Nutzung. Dabei konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass eine IKT-Nutzung unter den Befragten Lehrkräften zwar generell weit verbreitet ist, in Lehrkontexten jedoch erkennbar seltener Anwendung findet. Für eine IKT-Nutzung wesentliche Gründe stellen die intrinsische Motivation eine Person sowie soziale, kulturelle und organisatorische Normen dar. Als Hemmnisse eine IKT-Nutzung werden nicht nur organisatorische und administrative Mängel und Schwächen, sondern auch individuelle Einflüsse bennant. Die Nutzung von IKT für die Lehre und die Dauer ihrer Verwendung konnte dargestellt werden als einige erheblich variierte demographische und persönliche Eigenschaften Zur Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren auf die Lehrpersonal Akzeptanz und die Nutzung von IKT wurden ein konzeptioneller Rahmen und relevante Instrumente der Datensammlungen auf der Basis des Technologieakzeptanz Modells (TAM), unterstützt von anderen Modellen, entwickelt. Die Analyse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen (SEM) via Smart-PLS bestätigen die Zuverlässigkeit und Gültigkeit der Messmodelle. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Strukturmodelle zeigen, dass neun von dreizehn Hypothesen geprüft und bestätigt wurden. Im Rahmen der Studie bewiesen die Ergebnisse die Anwendbarkeit und Gültigkeit der TAM in der Vorhersage SMs Akzeptanz und Nutzung von IKT. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Lehrpersonal Akzeptanz von IKT vor allem von PU und Benutzerfreundlichkeit (PEU) beeinflusst und bestimmt werden. Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Situationsfaktoren (SFs) dominanten Einfluss auf die Nutzung von IKT SMs haben Dagegen wurden Einschränkungen (COs) gefunden, um negative nicht signifikante Wirkungen zu haben. Die Erleichterungs-Faktoren (FF) haben jedoch positive dominant signifikante Wirkungen. Bei der Nutzung und Akzeptanz von IKT wurde außerdem festgestellt, dass sie direkt und indirekt von sozialen Faktoren (SIP) und kulturellen Faktoren (CUFs) beeinflusst werden. Die Tests mit Hilfe der Multigruppenanalyse(MGA) zeigen, dass die Kultur mäßigende Wirkung auf SMs IKT Akzeptanz und Nutzung hat. Die Ergebnisse wurden weiter unterstützt und ergänzt durch Informationen aus eingehenden Interviews und Beobachtungen. Bei der abschließenden Diskussion wurde festgestellt, dass einige Ergebnisse in der einschlägigen Literatur nicht unterstützt werden. Die Diskussion schlussfolgert zu den entwickelten Modellen von IKT, dass sie die positiven signifikanten (direkten und mäßigenden) Beziehungen von reflektierenden Faktoren enthalten, die die IKT Nutzung und Akzeptanz durch das Lehrpersonal in KSUs beeinflussen. Die Studie impliziert: Beiträge zu Wissen, Theorie und Praxis wurden weiter diskutiert, gefolgt von Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen.