Relevant bibliographies by topics / Khasi language

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Academic literature on the topic 'Khasi language'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Khasi language"

1

Singh, Arun Kumar. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED LANGUAGES IN INDIA WITH REFERENCE TO MEGHALAYA." IARS' International Research Journal 11, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v11i1.2021.152.

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As for as India is concerned many Indian languages have become threatened and even endangered because of globalization. In India, English is thriving and is used widely by the young generation, and this is one of the reasons leading to the extinction of native or regional languages. Today Hindi is also expanding and because of this many regional languages will become extinct. In the State of Meghalaya there are three basic tribes known as Khasi, Garo and Jayantia. They speak either Khasi, or Garo, but their dialects differ. Even the Khasis who are living in East Khasi Hills, especially in Shillong have different dialects as compared to the other Khasis. These languages are used by many but they do not have their own scripts. That is why these languages were not placed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. A speaker of any language which is not in the Eighth Schedule, cannot be awarded the Jnanpith Award and furthermore their languages cannot be the medium of the UPSC. Article 29 of the Constitution of India mandates that no discrimination would be done on the ground of religion, race,, caste or language and Article 30 mandates that all minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. In addition, the Legislature of a State may by law adopt any of the languages to use in the state. Article 350 B of the Constitution says that there shall be a Special Officer for linguistic minorities and he/she has to be appointed by the President. It shall be the duty of this Officer to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under the Constitution and report to the President upon those matters. Protection of the regional languages has been provided in the Constitution and it is the duty of the educational institutions to provide basic education to the children in their own vernacular languages should they want to be educated in their vernacular language.
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Comrie, Bernard, and K. S. Nagaraja. "Khasi: A Descriptive Analysis." Language 63, no. 2 (June 1987): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415690.

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Warjri, Sunita, Partha Pakray, Saralin A. Lyngdoh, and Arnab Kumar Maji. "Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging Using Deep Learning-Based Approaches on the Designed Khasi POS Corpus." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3488381.

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Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is one of the research challenging fields in natural language processing (NLP). It requires good knowledge of a particular language with large amounts of data or corpora for feature engineering, which can lead to achieving a good performance of the tagger. Our main contribution in this research work is the designed Khasi POS corpus. Till date, there has been no form of any kind of Khasi corpus developed or formally developed. In the present designed Khasi POS corpus, each word is tagged manually using the designed tagset. Methods of deep learning have been used to experiment with our designed Khasi POS corpus. The POS tagger based on BiLSTM, combinations of BiLSTM with CRF, and character-based embedding with BiLSTM are presented. The main challenges of understanding and handling Natural Language toward Computational linguistics to encounter are anticipated. In the presently designed corpus, we have tried to solve the problems of ambiguities of words concerning their context usage, and also the orthography problems that arise in the designed POS corpus. The designed Khasi corpus size is around 96,100 tokens and consists of 6,616 distinct words. Initially, while running the first few sets of data of around 41,000 tokens in our experiment the taggers are found to yield considerably accurate results. When the Khasi corpus size has been increased to 96,100 tokens, we see an increase in accuracy rate and the analyses are more pertinent. As results, accuracy of 96.81% is achieved for the BiLSTM method, 96.98% for BiLSTM with CRF technique, and 95.86% for character-based with LSTM. Concerning substantial research from the NLP perspectives for Khasi, we also present some of the recently existing POS taggers and other NLP works on the Khasi language for comparative purposes.
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Swer, Banbhalang. "The Consecrated Sohpetbneng Peak (Navel of Heaven) - The Meaning and the Need for Protection, Preservation and Conservation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.146.

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The Khasis like any other tribe or nation has its own civilization, different, unique and peculiar. Though it is an oral tradition in absence of writings, yet it had been manifested in the permanent objects of nature, this civilization is as old as that of Babylonian, Egyptian and Greek. The present world today with the progress of science and technology can be compared with the Khasi thought in the aspects of his religion (traditional), his social ways of life and the political aspect of regulating his people with a democratic essence of the highest order which the British as late as 1826 only admired without understanding the language. ‘Sohpetbneng’ literally means the navel between heaven and earth. However, in the philosophical thought of our ancestors, the word carries a different connotation. This can be seen and adjudged from the various ways of life of the Khasis as a race or tribe which cannot be effaced from the surface of the universe.The hillock (Lum) ‘Sohpetbneng’ is a divine manifestation of the essence of the Khasi thought which should be protected and preserved as a historical relic before any harm can come to it. The paper will further highlight the importance of the hillock to the Khasi Community and the kind of ritual rites and activities that are being perform on this place till date and the Architectural built components designed and supervised by the author in connection with the ritual rites and activities performed and the need to protect, conserve, preserve and recognized this hillock as one of the Heritage site.
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Chatterjee, Indranil, Shubhangi Shree Bhatt, Kavita Kumari, Divya Raj, and Vidushi Saxena. "Influence of Khasi Language on Nasal and Oral Passages in English: A Nasometric Study." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 28, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2020.v28i1.22.

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Introduction Speech is a overlaid function of respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory systems . Nasalance can be defined as the relative amounts of oral and nasal acoustic energy in speech done by modification of oral and nasal cativities that is complex activity of the resonator system. Nasometer was developed by Samuel Fletcher, Larry Adams, and Martin McCutcheon at the University is a computer based instrument facilitating accurate analysis of signal yielding nasalance scores. There is no report regarding nasalence score variance in khasi language speakers speaking English. Materials and Methods The study aims at analysing and measuring nasalence score in Khasi speakers reading English passages. A total of 5 female subjects were chosen who were native speakers of khasi language and who had exposure of English language since childhoods were selected. Nasometer II Model 6400 (Software version 2.6) of Key Elemetrics Corporation was used. Three standardized passages (Zoo passage, Rainbow passage and nasal sentences) were used for the study. Results The mean nasalance scores obtained for zoo, rainbow and nasal sentences in female were 19.39± 12.21 SD, 38.13 ± 14.83 SD, 68.33 ± 15.29 SD and 18.26 ± 3.53 SD, 33.13 ± 1.68 SD, 63.20 ± 88 SD respectively. Standard norms show significant differences in nasalance scores obtained for Zoo, Rainbow and Nasal Sentences. Paired t-test was used for comparison among the sentences and computation of data show more significant differences for nasal sentences as compared to zoo and rainbow sentences, that is significant (p>0.05). Rainbow sentences revealed more nasalance scores than zoo sentences (p>0.05) i.e. level of significance. Conclusion The reported normative Nasalance data can be used by several voice clinicians for assessing resonance quantitively for khasi speakers using austrioasiatic language.
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Rynjah, Fairriky, Bronson Syiem, and Joyprakash Singh L. "Investigating Khasi Speech Recognition Systems using a Recurrent Neural Network-Based Language Model." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 70, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v70i7p227.

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V. Hujon, Aiusha. "Finite State Automata as Analyzers of certain Grammar Class Rules in the Khasi Language." International Journal of Computing Algorithm 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20894/ijcoa.101.005.001.005.

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Syiem, Bronson, and L. Joyprakash Singh. "Exploring end-to-end framework towards Khasi speech recognition system." International Journal of Speech Technology 24, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-021-09811-5.

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Dattamajumdar, Satarupa. "Ethno-Linguistic Vitality of Koch." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 12 (December 11, 2020): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v12i.1874.

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The Koch language is spoken in the states of Assam (Goalpara, Nagaon, Dhubri, Kokrajhar, Chirang, Bongaigao, Barpeta, Baksa, Udalguri, Karbi Anglong, Golaghat districts), Meghalaya (West Garo Hills, South-West Garo Hills, South Garo Hills and East Khasi Hills Districts). Koches are found in West Bengal (Northern part) and also in Bangladesh. The speaker strength of Koch in India according to 2011 census is 36,434. Koch community is the bilingual speakers of Assamese, Bengali, Garo, Hindi, and English. Contact situations of Koch with Assamese and Bengali languages have made the language vulnerable to language shift. The UNESCO report mentions Koch as ‘Definitely Endangered’1. Koch has gained the status of a scheduled tribe in Meghalaya in 1987. Kondakov (2013) traces six distinct dialects of Koch, viz., Wanang, Koch-Rabha (Kocha), Harigaya, Margan, Chapra and Tintekiya. He (2013:24) states, “The relationship between the six Koch speech varieties are rather complex. They represent a dialect chain that stretches out from Koch-Rabha in the north to Tintekiya Koch in the south.” This is diagrammatically represented as - Koch-Rabha(Kocha)→Wanang→Harigaya→Margan, Chapra→Tintekiya where the adjacent dialects exhibit more lexical similarity than those at the ends. Nine ethno-linguistic varieties of Koch (also mentioned in Kondakov, 2013:5) have been reported during field investigation. These are Harigaya, Wanang, Tintekiya, Margan, Chapra, Satpariya, Sankar, Banai and Koch Mandai.
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Muzib, Md Moniruzzaman. "Impacts of Eco-tourism on Ethnic People: A study on Lawachara National Park, Sylhet, Bangladesh." Journal of Global Economy 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2014): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v10i1.339.

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This research work seeks the impacts of Ecotourism on ethnic people of Lawachara National Park, Kamalganja, Moulvibazar, Sylhet. Empirical data has been collected through survey & FGDs from the residents of two villages called Khasi Punji and Dulahajra of this park.Observed evidences show that foremost influence of Ecotourism fall on economic aspects of ethnic life. Income level has been increased compare then before after establishing eco-park in this forest. People become involve with various new job besides their traditional occupation. Different NGOs are working here for make them economically empower. Correspondingly, eco-park originates few positive changes in social life of indigenous people. Nowadays people get modern education, more security, modern medical facility, better roads and easy transportation. Their perception about tourist and tourism are also changing positively day by day. Core cultural elements like language, dress pattern, house pattern, and food habit are also changing with the interaction with tourist and people with plain land. People are now more aware about environmental conservation. They take part in forest conservation, bio-diversity conservation and forest cleaning. They are knowledgeable about sustainable usages of forest resources. Like positive impacts of Ecotourism it has also few negative impacts on tribal life. After launching eco-park ethnic people loss their land ownership right and they are facing accommodation problem as well. Eco-park officials sometimes show immoral manner with the inhabitants; they force them for giving free labor in the park. Similarly some visitors/tourists do not show proper respect to them. Sometimes travels ruined betel gardens, stole betel leaves and lemons also.
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Books on the topic "Khasi language"

1

Lakiang, Pilgrim K. Khasi-Khasi-English dictionary. Mawlai Nongkwar, Shillong: Banalari World Cars, 2018.

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Singh, Nissor. English Khasi dictionary. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1994.

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3

Nagaraja, K. S. Khasi phonetic reader. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1990.

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4

Kumāra, Braja Bihārī. Samasrotīya śabdāvalī: Hindī-Khāśī evaṃ Khāśī-Hindī = Common vocabulary : Hindi-Khasi & Khasi-Hindi. Kohimā: Nāgālaiṇḍa Bhāshā Parishada, 1985.

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5

Rynjah, Bakhiamon. Ka shim kylliang kyntien ha ka Khasi =: Loan words in Khasi. Shillong: [B. Rynjah], 2000.

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Sten, H. W. Shaphang ka ktien Khasi. 3rd ed. Shillong: Khasi Book Stall, 2000.

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Nagaraja, K. S. Khasi, a descriptive analysis. Pune: Deccan College Post-Graduate & Research Institute, 1985.

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Nongbri, Ailynti. The process of standardization of Khasi language. Shillong: Ri Khasi Book Agency, 2012.

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9

Roberts, H. A grammar of the Khassi language. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 2000.

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10

Kharwanlang, Francis. Ka modern English-Khasi dictionary. Shillong, Meghalaya, India: Mrs. Cecilia Kharwanlang & Ki Khun ki Ksiew, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Khasi language"

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Anderson, G. D. S. "Khasi." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 187–89. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/02116-7.

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Hynniewta, Risanlang, Arnab K. Maji, and Sunita Warjri. "Implementation and Analysis of Different POS Tagger in Khasi Language." In Advances in IT Standards and Standardization Research, 118–28. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9795-8.ch008.

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Part-of-speech tagging is a process of assigning each word of a sentence to a part of speech based on its context and definition. POS tagging is a prerequisite tool for many NLP tasks like word sense disambiguity, name entity information extraction, etc. Unfortunately, very little work has been done so far in this line for Khasi Language. The main difficulty lies with the unavailability of an annotated corpus. Hence, a small corpus is created which consists of 778 sentences with 34,873 words, out of which 3,942 are distinct words and a tagset of 52 tags. In this chapter, three methods for POS tagging, namely Brill's tagger, hidden Markov model (HMM)-based tagger, and bidirectional long short-term memory recurrent neural network (Bi-LSTM), have been implemented. Then a comparative analysis is performed, and it is observed that Bi-LSTM performs better in terms of accuracy.
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"19 Standard Khasi." In The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages (2 vols), 1143–85. BRILL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283572_026.

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Mody, Sujata S. "Image-Inspired Poetry and the Art of Compromise." In The Making of Modern Hindi, 135–77. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489091.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 further examines Dwivedi’s visually oriented strategies to establish literary authority amidst resistance, especially from critics who publicly decried his brand of poetry as crude, and from poets who continued to publish in Braj Bhasha. Dwivedi’s response was pragmatic: he attempted to bring sophistication to Khari Boli poetry through a cultivated association with art; and he modelled poetry that adhered to a modified agenda. He authored and commissioned a series of image-poems, poetry inspired by and published alongside paintings by Ravi Varma (1848–1906) as well as other contemporary artists. Dwivedi’s limited use and sanction of Braj Bhasha’s linguistic and literary influence in these image-poems did not match his agenda in cartoons and prose. Such maneuvers defined the very substance of modern Hindi poetry in the early twentieth century and established Khari Boli as the language of modern Hindi literature.
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Mody, Sujata S. "Prescriptive Prose." In The Making of Modern Hindi, 89–134. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489091.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 examines Dwivedi’s programmatic essays, focusing on his construction of literature as a culturally embedded category of national consequence. His theorization of Hindi literature as broadly inclusive in its definition and function, though faced with some criticism from his peers, serves an immediate need: to stimulate the growth of a national body of literature. At the same time, historical and linguistic parameters and a prioritized plan of literary production reify the notion of a modern category oriented towards a narrowly constructed national collective that seeks to establish its sovereign identity via literature in only Khari Boli Hindi. Dwivedi’s prose prescribes a project of literary self-determination that privileges Indian literary activity with this variety of Hindi as the preferred lead language of the emergent nation, with all the risks that such restriction entails.
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Bangha, Imre. "The Emergence of Hindi Literature: From Transregional Maru-Gurjar to Madhyadeśī Narratives." In Text and Tradition in Early Modern North India, 3–39. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199478866.003.0001.

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Imre Bangha locates the source of what would later become the literary idioms associated with the Hindi heartland—Brajbhasha, Avadhi, Khari Boli, and so on—in Maru-Gurjar, an idiom originating not in the Gangetic plain but in western India, particularly the lands of modern Gujarat and western Rajasthan. Bangha argues that it was this literary language, originally cultivated by Jains beginning in the late twelfth century, that eventually spread to the lands known as madhyadeś, where in the course of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries it developed into the forms that we now associate with Brajbhasha and Avadhi. Bangha also reveals that the linguistic and literary evidence for this connection has been apparent for some time, but modern Hindi literary historiography, taking nationalism as its organizing principle and embracing a strict sense of religion as one of the significant boundaries of literary culture, has been largely unable to see it.
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Conference papers on the topic "Khasi language"

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Saifuding, Sufeinuer, Yidayati Yanitake, and Aibibula Tuersun. "Exploring the Core Word “Hair” in Qutadğu Bilig by Yusuf Khass Hajib." In 8th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220306.037.

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Tuersun, Aibibula, Sufeinuer Saifuding, and Riziwanguli Kahaer. "Study on the “Bird” as a Core Word in Yusuf Khass Hajib’s Qutadğu Bilig." In 8th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220306.013.

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