Academic literature on the topic 'Kidnapping'

The following study is an exploratory analysis of intimate partner kidnapping. The current study will give a descriptive picture of the victim, offender, and incident characteristics of a form of intimate partner violence that has never been studied before, intimate partner kidnapping, as well as a form of physical violence often seen in the literature, intimate partner assaults. The study will use a combination of the National Incident Based Report System (FBI, 2009), and the American Community Survey (Census, 2012) to identify these characteristics and also to identify any potential relationships between structural-level correlates and rates of intimate partner violence. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of multiple forms of intimate partner violence using police data, as well as, understand their relationships to structural-level correlates of counties. The current study uses the National Incident-Based Reporting (FBI, 2009) system from the year 2009 in order to identify both types of intimate partner violence. It is rare that police data is used to study intimate partner violence, and the current study expands our knowledge of this violence by using a different type of data to study this area. Additionally, the American Community Survey (Census, 2012) estimates between 2005-2009 are utilized to measure the structural-level variables, including concentrated disadvantage, racial heterogeneity, immigrant concentration, and residential stability. Overall, this study finds that intimate partner kidnapping is a different form of violence than intimate partner assaults. Only one structural level variable, residential stability is significantly associated with intimate partner kidnapping, whereas, 3 of the 4 structural level variables are significantly related to intimate partner assaults and most in the direction expected. The conclusions suggest that intimate partner kidnapping may be a part of “coercive controlling violence” which involves severe amounts of control, isolation, and intimidation, and may not have the same relationships to structural-level correlates as other types of intimate partner violence, such as physical assaults.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Sociology<br>Sciences<br>Sociology

This dissertation analyses the survival strategies that wealthy people in Mexico City have designed and implemented to protect themselves from kidnapping with special focus on household employment relationships. This particular crime has demonstrated a particular evolution in the last 20 years that deserves analysis. Once a political crime, it became an economic crime that at first only targeted wealthy individuals and then over time began targeting working class victims. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork in Mexico City which included a year in the field, 78 interviews with employers, employees, kidnapping victims and members of the police forces and justice system and the creation of a news reports database this thesis presents a detailed history of the evolution of kidnapping in the period 1968-2009. This is followed by an in depth analysis of the strategies elites use to protect themselves from this crime. Special attention is focused on the hiring process of household employees, namely drivers, as evidence suggests that most kidnappings are organized or facilitated in some way by a close collaborator of the victim. The hiring process is approached as a problem of trust. Signaling theory is the main framework used for the solving of this problem, as well as some ideas found in transaction cost economics, namely vertical integration. The results point towards strategic behavior from the actors involved that seeks to minimize the risk of being kidnapped for the employer. Signaling helps us uncover the specific mechanisms by which employer establish their prospective employees’ trustworthiness. The use of informal social networks made up of strong ties is one of the most salient mechanisms used to guarantee honest employees and this, together with a composite set of properties is signaled throughout. This thesis contributes to the literature on crime in Latin America as well as to the sociological literature on signaling, a branch of analytical sociology.

Colombia differs from the rest of the world due to the amount of kidnappings and coca cultivation taking place. Using data between 1999-2008, this paper studies to what extent and in what direction there exists a causal relationship of coca cultivation on kidnappings. A study that has never been done in the previous published economic literature. A negative relationship would mean that policies implemented to reduce coca cultivation would also increase the number of kidnappings. A positive relationship, on the other hand would reduce the number of kidnappings. Using OLS-, fixed effects- and instrumental variable regressions, the results imply a negative relationship. Meaning implementing policies with the aim of eradicating coca production would come with negative externalities in the form of more kidnappings.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-28T18:33:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO BEBITO MANUEL ALBERTO.pdf: 2127253 bytes, checksum: cf40cc1172ac28723c52d5e8b5c3e7cb (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-29T19:42:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO BEBITO MANUEL ALBERTO.pdf: 2127253 bytes, checksum: cf40cc1172ac28723c52d5e8b5c3e7cb (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T19:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO BEBITO MANUEL ALBERTO.pdf: 2127253 bytes, checksum: cf40cc1172ac28723c52d5e8b5c3e7cb (MD5)<br>CNPq<br>A violência tem sido inequivocamente um fenômeno que afeta muitas cidades brasileiras. Em Moçambique, as cidades de Maputo e Matola têm experimentado também várias formas de manifestação da violência. É neste contexto que em 2011 emergem os sequestros, como uma “nova” manifestação da violência urbana. Uma das características principais era a captura de cidadãos de nacionalidade moçambicana ou não e de origem asiática ligados ao setor empresaria ou comercial. Os sequestro tinham apenas por objetivo, a obtenção de vantagens de natureza econômica com o pagamento dos resgates. O fenômeno atingido o seu pico, em termos de ocorrência sistemática em 2013. Não ocasião, várias reações sociais e institucionais, excetuando a acadêmica foram observadas um pouco pelo país. Daí que o presente estudo é uma das primeiras contribuições de natureza acadêmica sobre o fenômeno. O objetivo da dissertação é analisar e compreender as dinâmicas sociais desse fenômeno e os possíveis determinantes da sua ocorrência sistemática nas duas cidades. Para o efeito, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com recurso a entrevistas às vítimas e/ou seus familiares e profissionais da polícia investigativa que lidam com fenômeno no seu cotidiano e, pesquisa documental, baseada em documentos institucionais e informações midiáticas. De uma maneira geral, os resultados demostram que o silêncio tanto das vítimas e/ou seus familiares, quanto do poder pública foi evidente nesse período e, uma vez que essa prática criminal em Moçambique é altamente “lucrativa”, os praticantes continuaram se dedicando de forma engajada. Por outro, houve atração de outros criminosos que se dedicavam em outras práticas criminais, como por exemplo, roubos com recurso à arma de fogo. Violence is clearly a phenomenon that affects many Brazilian cities. In Mozambique, the cities of Maputo and Matola also have been experiencing many manifestation ways of violence. It is in this context that in 2011 emerged kidnappings, as a "new" manifestation of urban violence. One of the key features was the capture of citizens from Mozambican nationality or not and from Asian origin linked to business or commercial sector. The objectives of those kidnappings were only to obtain economic advantages through the payment of the ransoms. The phenomenon reached its peak in terms of systematic occurrence in 2013. This period has observed many social and institutional reactions at a little over the country, except the academic. Hence, this study is one of the first academic contributions. The main objective of this work is to analyze and understand the social dynamics of this phenomenon and the possible determinants of the systematic occurrence in both cities. To achieve this purpose, was adopted a qualitative approach, based in interviews with the victims and/or their families and investigative police professionals who daily deal with phenomena and, documentary research based on institutional documents and media information. In general, the results demonstrated that the silence of both the victims and/or their families, and the public power was evident during this period and, as this criminal practice in Mozambique is highly "profitable", their practitioners continued engaged on it. On the other hand, it attracted other criminals who were acting in other criminal practice, such as, robbery with a gun use.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Frank R. Giordano, Gordon H. McCormick. Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-189). Also available online.