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Detotto, Claudio, Bryan C. McCannon, and Marco Vannini. "Understanding Ransom Kidnappings and Their Duration." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, no. 3 (2014): 849–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0079.
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Abstract What factors drive the length of a kidnapping experience? A theoretical model is developed to conduct comparative statics. A unique data set covering all kidnappings for ransom in Sardinia between 1960 and 2010 is analyzed. Factors related to the ability to pay and cost of abduction matter. Policies aimed at deterring kidnapping have mixed effects on its duration.
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Miyahara, Akira, and Itaru Nagayama. "An Intelligent Security Camera System for Kidnapping Detection." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 17, no. 5 (2013): 746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2013.p0746.
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In this paper, we propose an automated video surveillance system for kidnapping detection using featurebased characteristics. The localization of moving objects in a video stream and human behavior estimation are key techniques adopted by the proposed system. Some motion characteristics are determined from video streams, and using metrics such as a feature vector, the system automatically classifies the video streams into criminal and non-criminal scenes. The proposed system is called an intelligent security camera. We consider many types of scenarios for the training data set. After constructing the classifier, we use test sequences that are continuous video streams of human behavior consisting of several actions in succession. The experimental results show that the system can effectively detect criminal scenes, such as a kidnapping, by distinguishing human behavior.
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Bello, Ibrahim Alhaji, Dr Ibrahim Suleiman, Abdulazeez Muhammad Bello, Shahidu Ibrahim, and Esther Haruna Karatu. "A SHORT MESSAGING SYSTEM (SMS) ALERT FOR IDENTIFYING VICTIM LOCATION USING SMARTWATCH TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 13, no. 08 (2022): 1084–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2022.08.03.
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The incidence of kidnapping peoples in Nigeria has taken an alarming dimension for reasons not well addressed by successive governments in Nigeria. This unlawful act has increase despite the various legislations prohibiting kidnapping both the international level and at the three tiers levels of government. The law against kidnapping has been passed almost a decade since 2013 by the federal government of Nigeria with some states in the country domesticating law from 2017-2021. The purpose of this paper is to design a software program that uses a smartwatch and is dubbed as blower. It can help the users (victim) to alert the security personnel’s or relatives for help. When the report button on the smartwatch is clicked, the geolocation and the SMS application interface(API) are triggered, and SMS will generate with details of the current coordinates of the device location and sent to a predefined number. This message is sent continuously whenever the location changes. Is an innovative software suite (Web, Mobile, API, and Database) that can be used to help the victim, in curbing kidnapping issues in our society.
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Rosellini, A. J., J. Monahan, A. E. Street, et al. "Predicting non-familial major physical violent crime perpetration in the US Army from administrative data." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 2 (2015): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001774.
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Background.Although interventions exist to reduce violent crime, optimal implementation requires accurate targeting. We report the results of an attempt to develop an actuarial model using machine learning methods to predict future violent crimes among US Army soldiers.Method.A consolidated administrative database for all 975 057 soldiers in the US Army in 2004–2009 was created in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Of these soldiers, 5771 committed a first founded major physical violent crime (murder-manslaughter, kidnapping, aggravated arson, aggravated assault, robbery) over that time period. Temporally prior administrative records measuring socio-demographic, Army career, criminal justice, medical/pharmacy, and contextual variables were used to build an actuarial model for these crimes separately among men and women using machine learning methods (cross-validated stepwise regression, random forests, penalized regressions). The model was then validated in an independent 2011–2013 sample.Results.Key predictors were indicators of disadvantaged social/socioeconomic status, early career stage, prior crime, and mental disorder treatment. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.80–0.82 in 2004–2009 and 0.77 in the 2011–2013 validation sample. Of all administratively recorded crimes, 36.2–33.1% (male-female) were committed by the 5% of soldiers having the highest predicted risk in 2004–2009 and an even higher proportion (50.5%) in the 2011–2013 validation sample.Conclusions.Although these results suggest that the models could be used to target soldiers at high risk of violent crime perpetration for preventive interventions, final implementation decisions would require further validation and weighing of predicted effectiveness against intervention costs and competing risks.
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Dudková, Jana. "Three Films About Distrust. Distrust in the Systemic Elements of Society in Slovak Cinema in the Period of Consolidation." Slovenske divadlo /The Slovak Theatre 65, no. 4 (2017): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sd-2017-0020.
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Abstract Using the example of three films – Kandidát (The Candidate, 2013, dir. Jonáš Karásek), Pirko (Little Feather, 2016, dir. Lucia and Petr Klein Svoboda), and Únos (Kidnapping, 2017, dir. Mariana Čengel-Solčanská), the present study deals with distrust in the systemic elements of society in Slovak feature films in the period following the establishment of the Audiovisual Fund (2009). By means of a thematic and stylistic analysis, it points to the similarities between the selected films. It shows their rootedness in the established trends of Slovak cinema as well as their diversion from them, which is mirrored in their dialogical work with the phenomenon of reality, by creating an illusion of anticipation or influencing future events.
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Forest, James J. F. "Kidnapping by Terrorist Groups, 1970-2010." Crime & Delinquency 58, no. 5 (2012): 769–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712452962.
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This article examines whether a terrorist group’s ideology has a meaningful impact on its involvement in kidnapping. On a global level, incident data (1970-2010) indicate that in the past decade the number of kidnappings by terrorist groups has increased, while Muslim extremists have replaced left-wing/Marxist revolutionaries as the world’s leading kidnappers. However, when we incorporate data about the attributes of terrorist organizations and their operating environments, this analysis indicates that ideology does not play an important role in determining the likelihood of a group’s involvement in kidnapping. The article concludes with implications and suggested topics for further study.
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WATTS, MICHAEL. "Criminal Resistance: The Politics of Kidnapping Oil Workers by Temitope Oriola. Farnham: Ashgate, 2013. Pp. 243. £55·00 (hbk)." Journal of Modern African Studies 52, no. 2 (2014): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000159.
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Smyth, Frank. "Communication under siege: the example of Steven Sotloff." Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference 3 (March 11, 2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30658/icrcc.2020.1.
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The kidnapping and murder of Steven Sotloff is one of the most horrific examples of brutality against a journalist in memory. Sotloff was captured in 2013, ending up in the hands of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. After remaining in captivity for over a year, Sotloff was executed in September 2014 by beheading a month after another captured journalist, James Foley, was also beheaded. Since Steven Sotloff’s loss, his parents have supported Hostile Environments and Emergency First Aid Training (HEFAT) for young aspiring journalists not unlike their son. The original presentation of this keynote was enhanced by two videos, one describing the HEFAT training, and the other interviewing a recent GJS/2Lives Memorial Scholarship training graduate explaining how he used the skills he learned to survive an attack by drug traffickers in northern Mexico, including applying first aid to his wounded producer who survived.
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Blumenstein, Lindsey. "Exploratory Study on Intimate Partner Kidnapping: Is This a Prevailing Issue in Intimate Partner Relationships?" Partner Abuse 6, no. 4 (2015): 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.6.4.403.
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The following study is an exploratory analysis of intimate partner kidnapping. This research focuses on kidnappings that occur between adult intimate partners only. The purpose of this research is to identify the prevalence rates and demographic patterns of this type of violence as well as make comparisons between intimate partner kidnapping and nonintimate partner kidnapping and comparisons between intimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner assaults (a more commonly studied form of intimate partner violence). This research relies on the National Incident-Based Reporting System (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2012) not only to identify descriptive characteristics but also to conduct bivariate comparisons of the different types of kidnapping violence and intimate partner violence. The findings from this research find that despite being a fairly rare event, intimate partner kidnapping occurs more often than nonintimate partner kidnapping, although not more often than intimate partner assaults. There are several differences between intimate partner kidnapping and nonintimate partner kidnapping as well as intimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner assault. Victims of intimate partner kidnapping were significantly younger than nonintimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner violence assaults, and females were more likely to be victims of kidnapping compared to nonintimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner violence assaults. There was a higher proportion of Whites and Hispanics who were victims of intimate partner kidnapping. There was also a greater proportion of blunt object/personal weapons (compared to firearms and knives) used in intimate partner kidnapping. Lastly, there was a significantly lower proportion of severe injury in intimate partner kidnapping compared to intimate partner violence assaults. A discussion of the conclusions and implications and directions for future research is also included.
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Ogu, Esomchi Chris-Sanctus, Innocent Chikwere Akaose, and Chukuemeka Vincent Nwokocha. "Politicization of Insecurity and Efficient Management of the Nigerian Correctional Service, 2015-2022." Global Journal of Political Science and Administration 10, no. 4 (2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjpsa.2013/vol10n44557.
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In recent times, Nigeria has been plagued by escalating insecurity, which has culminated in daily cases of kidnapping, banditry, robbery, and indiscriminate killings in nearly all six geopolitical zones. The recurring decimal of these criminal operations has made possible the further extension of attacks to the Country’s correctional centers (Prisons), Thereby, hindering the ability and capacity of the Nigerian correctional service to live up to high public expectations of efficient management of correctional facilities across the country. However, despite the high number of attacks, the government appears powerless to stop this threat due to their inability to convict the perpetrators of these crimes. These terrorists on their own have grown more daring as can be observed with the rising cases of prison breaks across the nation as they aim to free their already captured colleagues without fear of being confronted by the security agencies. This paper therefore examined the effect of politicizing insecurity by political actors and its implication on the proper and efficient management of the Nigerian correctional service within the period under review. Using the instrumental theory of terrorism, the paper investigated critically the underlying issues preventing the Nigerian government from successfully apprehending runaway terrorists. Data for the study was collected through documentary sources and analyzed appropriately using the qualitative-descriptive method of data analysis. The study established that there appears to be a convoluted relationship between certain segments of the government or its security personnel and the terrorists wreaking havoc on the Nigerian state and this has had adverse effects on the efficient management of the Nation’s correctional service. As a result, the research urges a thorough investigation of Nigeria's terrorist sponsors and a complete revamp of the nation's security system.
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Musa, Manpa’a Aliyu. "Arms Conflicts, Community Safety, Security and Reintegration Challenges in Madagali Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria." Global Journal of Political Science and Administration 10, no. 4 (2022): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjpsa.2013/vol10n42144.
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Since 2009 the North east of Nigeria has been engulfed in arms struggles by the Boko Haram insurgents. This menace has brought serious setbacks to the socio-political and economic development of the region. The three states mostly affected by recurrent and pervasive violence are Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (BAY). The Federal and States governments concerned responded swiftly to this menace through military operations and humanitarian interventions through the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA). This study therefore examines Arms Conflicts, community safety, security and Reintegration challenges in areas affected by the Insurgency in Madagali local government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study used a combination survey, observation and available documents. The paper clearly established that: peace is progressively returning to some communities in the studied conflict area as evident in the gradual return of economic and social activities with the last violent attack on the community being in 2018 even though neighbouring communities are still experiencing attacks from the Boko-haram insurgents. Similarly, there are new emerging trend in the conflict dynamics particularly the emergence of new crimes such as kidnapping for ransom, abduction, drug abuse and trafficking, cattle rustling, rape and other forms of sexual and gender based violence in the community. The paper established that communities in Madagali are in urgent need of critical infrastructures such as water, electricity, doctors, health services, humanitarian support and employment opportunities. In addition the study revealed that although humanitarian support and assistance exist, such interventions are inadequate for the large population of IDPs and host community and the process of sharing is marred by irregularities, sharp practices and favouritism that tend to deepen exclusion and generate tension. That the community has shown commitment to peace building, social cohesion and reintegration by demonstrating willingness to accept and reintegrate those associated with the insurgents. In particular, those who were forced into joining the insurgents but have re-joined the community or those that had undergone the de-radicalisation process through participation in the safe corridor programme of the government. The study recommended among others: the need for the Federal government of Nigeria to expand and consolidate the operational capacity of the security architecture in the counter insurgency through, recruitment of additional personnel, weapon upgrade, and motivation and above all provide logistic support to the relevant agencies
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Castillo-Valencia, María. "How long-duration kidnapping might have affected the preferences of FARC-EP operatives?" Análisis Político 32, no. 95 (2019): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v32n95.80980.
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Based on the announcement of the FARC-EP or Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces – People’s Army, that will give up kidnapping and start a general agreement with the Colombian government for the termination of the Conflict in 2012, this paper examines how long-duration kidnapping might have affected some operatives’ preferences in the organization, reflected in a high desertion rate of operatives in a period of Colombian history characterized by many high-profile kidnappings. I applied two approaches —one from Phillips and Pohl and the other from Shapiro—to discuss an alternative explanation for a change in the behavior of some FARC-EP operatives. The main result of this paper is to show that different approaches from economic theory may explain why some operatives change their preferences in spite of such preferences were considered unchangeable. Two factors affect scenarios in which operatives make decisions: i) the leadership’s decisions in which operatives don’t take part due to the organization’s top-down decision-making structure, which reduces any space for operatives’ participation, and ii) the external conditions that indirectly depend on the behavior of the organization as a whole.
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Tian, Yang, and Shugen Ma. "Kidnapping Detection and Recognition in Previous Unknown Environment." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6468427.
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An unaware event referred to as kidnapping makes the estimation result of localization incorrect. In a previous unknown environment, incorrect localization result causes incorrect mapping result in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) by kidnapping. In this situation, the explored area and unexplored area are divided to make the kidnapping recovery difficult. To provide sufficient information on kidnapping, a framework to judge whether kidnapping has occurred and to identify the type of kidnapping with filter-based SLAM is proposed. The framework is called double kidnapping detection and recognition (DKDR) by performing two checks before and after the “update” process with different metrics in real time. To explain one of the principles of DKDR, we describe a property of filter-based SLAM that corrects the mapping result of the environment using the current observations after the “update” process. Two classical filter-based SLAM algorithms, Extend Kalman Filter (EKF) SLAM and Particle Filter (PF) SLAM, are modified to show that DKDR can be simply and widely applied in existing filter-based SLAM algorithms. Furthermore, a technique to determine the adapted thresholds of metrics in real time without previous data is presented. Both simulated and experimental results demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
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Tian, Yang, Victor Gomez, and Shugen Ma. "2A2-M01 Experimental Verification of Double Guarantee Kidnapping Detection." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2015 (2015): _2A2—M01_1—_2A2—M01_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2015._2a2-m01_1.
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Omonijo, Dare O., Michael C. Anyaegbunam, Chidozie B. Obiorah, et al. "Examining the Social Problem of Kidnapping as a Reaction Against Injustice in Nigeria." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 2 (2019): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0029.
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Abstract Although, studies have shown several cases of kidnapping in both developed and developing countries but the case of a developing country like Nigeria is seems to be pathetic and worrisome, largely because of its contributions to the ancient slave trade that greatly affected several Nigerians for many centuries in the past. With such awful experiences in the past and its contribution to backwardness of the human race, one would have thought that cases of kidnapping would never occur in Nigeria, but the reverse has been the case in the contemporary. Hence, several studies have emerged on the subject of kidnapping in recent times. However, it could be observed that these studies are strongly connected with rituals power, wealth and traditional purposes. While the nature of the Nigerian society which is characterised by injustice and its contributions to the menace of kidnapping has been hitherto neglected in academic literature. The present study intends to address this flaw in knowledge by addressing the three research questions raised. Being a review paper, the study engaged secondary data in collecting relevant information to analyse and illustrate questions raised. The study argues that if the current high level of injustice in Nigeria could be reduced, there may be a corresponding reduction in the cases of kidnapping.
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Suartana, Komang, and I. Made Wirya Darma. "Legal Protection for Child Kidnapping Victims: Case Study in Gianyar District Court." Kertha Patrika 42, no. 3 (2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/kp.2020.v42.i03.p07.
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This article aims to analyze how the crime of child kidnapping is covered in the Indonesian Criminal Code and the type of sanctions that can be imposed on the perpetrator of the crime of child kidnapping. It is a legal research that uses statutory, conceptual, and case approaches in discussing the legal protection of child kidnapping victims. In order to illustrate how the law that protects the victim of child kidnapping is applied by the court, it presents a case study at the Gianyar District Court that investigated a criminal offense of child kidnapping in 2018. The results reveal that the Indonesian Criminal Code classifies child kidnapping as a crime that is punishable as stipulated in Article 330 of the Code. In a more specific context, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 22 of 2003 concerning Child Protection includes child kidnapping as a case that needs to be given special protection A case study regarding the imposing of sanctions on the perpetrator of child kidnapping can be seen in a criminal case before the District Court of Gianyar in 2018. In the judgment, the panel of judges imposing a sentence against the defendant in the form of imprisonment of 8 (eight) years in prison and a fine of Rp. 60,000,000 (sixty million rupiah) subsidiary 6 (six) months in prison;
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Karmanov, Mikhail V. "KIDNAPPING AS AN OBJECT OF APPLIED RESEARCH." Statistics and Economics, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2016-2-68-71.
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Satria, Christofer, Hasbullah Hasbullah, and I. Nyoman Subudiartha. "SKETSA TAHAPAN AWAL “MERARIK” AKRILIK 3D DENGAN MEDIA SENSOR SUARA DAN CAHAYA." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 10, no. 2 (2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v10i2.26219.
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The Merarik tradition is one of the customs of the Sasak tribe, which means eloping or kidnapping. This interesting phenomenon is very unique because a man has to kidnap his woman without being noticed by the parents of the woman. In this case, the research subject is in Sade Village. To obtain the desired information, researchers used interview techniques with this type of qualitative research (Interview with the Traditional Village (Sade Village), the Chairperson of the Sasak Indigenous Community (MAS), and a couple who married with the traditional merarik) The results of the study found that the first stage in the merarik tradition was the Merarik stage. A sketch is a rough and light drawing or just an outline of an unfinished drawing or painting. Or a sketch can also be interpreted as a plan for a picture or painting to be made. The Design Thinking method is the method used to solve this problem, which has several stages such as empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test, and implement. Aesthetic theory is a theory that is used to strengthen the work of the creator. According to Bruce Allsopp, Aesthetic theory is a theory that studies the processes and rules in creating a work of art, which is expected to generate positive feelings for people who see and feel it. The creator hopes that the sketch of several stages in this drawing can help the creator to simplify the work to be made and provide additional ideas to the creator and make it easier for the creator to sort or select layer by layer from the sketch.Keywords: merarik, qualitative, acrylic, sketches, aesthetics.AbstrakTradisi Merarik adalah salah satu adat istiadat dari suku sasak, yang berartikan kawin lari atau penculikan. Fenomena merarik ini sangatlah unik dikarenakan seorang pria harus menculik wanitanya tanpa diketahui oleh orang tua dari wanitanya. Dalam hal ini yang menjadi subjek penelitian berada di Desa Sade. Untuk mendapatkan informasi yang di inginkan peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif (Wawancara dengan Desa Adat (Desa Sade) , Ketua Masyarakat Adat Sasak (MAS), dan Pasangan yang menikah dengan adat merarik). Hasil penelitian mendapati bahwa tahapan pertama dalam tradisi merarik ialah tahapan Merarik. Sketsa adalah gambar yang kasar dan ringan atau gambaran garis besarnya saja dari suatu gambar atau lukisan yang belum selesai. Atau sketsa dapat diartikan juga sebagai rencana dari suatu gambar atau lukisan yang akan dibuat. Metode Design Thinking adalah metode yang digunakan untuk penyelesaian masalah ini, yang terdapat beberapa tahapan seperti empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test, dan implement. Teori Estetika adalah teori yang digunakan untuk memperkuat hasil karya pencipta., Menurut Bruce Allsopp Teori estetika adalah teori yang mempelajari tentang proses dan aturan dalam menciptakan suatu karya seni, yang diharapkan bisa menimbulkan perasaan positif bagi orang yang melihat dan merasakannya. Pencipta berharap dengan adanya sketsa dari beberapa tahapan dalam merarik ini dapat membantu pencipta dalam mempermudah karya yang akan dibuat dan memberikan ide-ide tambahan kepada pencipta dan mempermudah pencipta untuk memilah atau memilih layer by layer dari sketsa tersebut.Kata Kunci: merarik, kualitatif, akrilik, sketsa, estetika. Authors:Christofer Satria : Universitas BumigoraHasbullah : Universitas BumigoraI Nyoman Subudiarta : Universitas Bumigora References:Adnan, S. (2004). Pergeseran Nilai-nilai Adat Marari Pada Masyarakat Suku Sasak Lombok (Studi Pada Kecamatan Ampenan, Kota Mataram, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat). Semarang: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/11011/1/2004MNOT3051.pdfAllmy. (2012). Pengertian Sketsa. http://allmy.blogdetik.com/2012/12/24/pengertiansketsa/ (diakses 18 Maret 2021).Azhar, H. Lalu. (2021). “Tradisi Merarik”. Hasil Wawancara Pribadi: 12 April 2021, Desa Sade.Budiman, H. C. (2016). Perancangan dan Pembuatan Mesin Penekuk Akrilik. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia.Caraousell. (2021). Acrylic Sheet. https://www.carousell.sg/p/acrylic-sheet-5mm-thk-108794231/ (diakses pada tanggal 16 Juni 2021).Dunne, David. (2018). Design Thinking at Work. London: University of Toronto Press.Eko, S. (2019). Gambar Bentuk. Padang: Universitas Negeri Padang.Fidelia, M. (2009). Perpustakaan Seni Rupa di Yogyakarta (Intergrasi Perpustakaan, Galeri, dan Kafe, dengan Memasukan Karakter Karya-karya Dimitri Maksimov sebagai Sumber Inspirasi). Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia.Hadinata, G. Q. (2019). Pengaruh Komposisi Cat Akrilik dan Binder Sablon Terhadap Kualitas Tahan Luntur Warna dan Kekakuan Dalam Pembuatan Motif Cosplay Pada Kain Katun, Satin, dan Drill. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.Indotrading. (2016). Acrylic Lembaran Putih Susu 3mm.https://www.indotrading.com/cahayaabadipackinggasket/acrylic-lembaran-putih-p606771.aspx (diakses pada tanggal 16 Juni 2021).Lightboxgoodman. (2021). Cinderella 4 – Paper Cutting Light Box. https://lightboxgoodman.com/collections/all-products/products/across-the-sea-1-laser-cut-reproduction-3d-paper-cutting-night-light-paper-cut-light-box-paper-cutting-light-box-1?variant=39262773903522 (diakses pada tanggal 16 Juni 2021).Mclntyre, J. E. (2005). Synthrtic Fibres: Nylon, Polyster, Acrylic, Polyolefin. England: Woodhead Publishing Limited.Melichson, H. (2009). The Art Of Paper Cutting. USA: Penn Publishing.MT, F. S. H. (2018). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Grafis Terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa Di Kelas VII Mts N 4 Mandailing Natal. Padangsidimpuan: IAIN Padangsidimpuan. Nasution. (2003). Metode Penelitian Naturalistik Kualitatif. Bandung: Tarsito.Putra, P. A. (2013). Mesin Pemotong Akrilik Berbasis Mikrokontroler. Salatiga: Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.Satria, C. (2021). “Merarik”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: 16 Juni 2021, Universitas Bumigora.Saladin, B. (2013). Tradisi Merari’Suku Sasak di Lombok dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Al- Ihkam, 8(1), 21-39. http://doi.org/10.19105/al-ihkam.v8i1.338Sumardjo, J. (2010). Estetika Nusantara. Surakarta: Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta.Tolu, Admin. (2017). Pengenalan Resin dan Katalis serta Takaran Tepat Perbandingannya. https://www.kerajinankreatif.com/2017/04/campuran-resin-dan-katalis.html (diakses pada tanggal 16 Juni 2021).
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ECHEVERRIA JESÚS, Carlos. "Kidnappings as a terrorist instrument of AQIM and the MUJAO." Paix et Securite Internationales, no. 1 (2013): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25267/paix_secur_int.2013.i1.11.
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Pokrashenko, Igor V. "PROBLEMS ARISING FROM KIDNAPPING AND HOSTAGE TAKING DELIMITATION." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Jurisprudence), no. 1 (2017): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-6794-2017-1-63-68.
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Espinosa Ramirez, Rafael Salvador. "Foreign Direct Investment and Crime Linkage: Drug Traffic and Kidnapping." B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 21, no. 1 (2020): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2019-0023.
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Abstract We develop a theoretical model in which a country hosts foreign investment in the presence of a drug dealer, acting as a leader, and a drug seller, acting as a follower. A policy addressed to eradicate the drug trafficking encourages the kidnapping activity, and increase the security cost of firms. When the drug is not consumed in the host country the best policy is not to fight against drug trafficking. When the drug is consumed in the host country the optimal policy depends on the social marginal disutility of drug consumption respect to ransom paid by firms. In this case, when social marginal disutility is sufficiently larger than ransom, the government combats drug trafficking, otherwise, there is no policy at all.
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Suseno, Muhammad Yudhistira. "Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penculikan Anak Menurut Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak (Studi Putusan Negeri Kupang Nomor178/Pid.Sus/2018/Pn.Kpg)." Jurnal Perspektif Hukum 3, no. 1 (2022): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35447/jph.v3i1.477.
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Kidnapping is an act committed by someone without the right for the purpose of enabling such person under the powers of the kidnappers. An abductor targets child as a victim. Based on the online news website liputan6.com, Chairman of the National Commission for Child Protection Arist Merdeka Sirait said the Child Abduction case continues to increase years from years. The issues regarding the case to be examined in the present study are: The regulation regarding criminal liability of offenders of child abduction and The criminal sanction and condemnation towards the offenders of child abduction. From the results of an exploration conducted with the normative research method in this study it was found that the criminal liability of the offenders of child abduction is regulated in Article 76F Indonesian Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning the Amendment towards the Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. The kidnapping of a child may be held to criminal liability if the offender has committed an act fulfilling the elements of delinquency. Regarding criminal sanctions and condemnation against child abductors who are proven guilty of legally and convincingly in the eyes of the law of committing the crime of kidnapping of a child can be sentenced in the form of imprisonment and a fine penalty. Criminalization of child abductors depends on the role of the judge who examines and prosecutes the case. Judges are given the freedom to set the type of criminal, criminal conduct, or the high and low criminal.
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Nünlist, Christian. "Building Bridges for Everyone: Switzerland’s Chairmanship of the OSCE in 2014." Security and Human Rights 24, no. 3-4 (2014): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02404009.
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In 2014, Switzerland is chairing the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) for the second time. The innovative concept of a two-year tandem presidency together with Serbia (2015) will give the OSCE more continuity. Switzerland will focus its activities on mediating in conflicts in the Western Balkans and Southern Caucasus, on modernizing conventional arms control in Europe, and tackling transnational threats such as kidnapping for ransom. For Switzerland, the 2014 Chairmanship of the OSCE offers the opportunity to break out of its self-imposed political isolation in Europe and to make its preventive peace policy and its established good offices more visible internationally.
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Arent, Olga. "PRZESTĘPSTWO PORWANIA LUB PRZETRZYMYWANIA DLA OKUPU W PRAWIE KANONICZNYM KOŚCIOŁA KATOLICKIEGO OBRZĄDKU ŁACIŃSKIEGO." Civitas et Lex 3, no. 3 (2014): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.2015.
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Subject of this article is the legal research on actions of kidnapping or hostage- keeping forransom, and in return release of the hostages. Likewise in polish criminal law and other penal lawsystems, also in catholic canon law this is a crime. The main point of the article is to illustrate the evolution of law regulations on these crimes, as well as dogmatic and legal analysis of can. 1370 and can. 1397 Code of Canon Law (CIC) from theyear 1983, which are related to it. The article also relates to notification problem and expirationof prosecution.
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Obarisiagbon, Barr Emmanuel Imuetinyan, and Mannie Omagie. "Public Perception of the Role of the Nigeria Police Force in Curbing the Menace of Kidnapping in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria: A Criminological Study." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 1 (2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0006.
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Abstract Kidnapping for ransom has been on the increase in the last ten years in Nigeria and there appears to be no end in sight despite the existence of a police force whose statutory function of crime detection and prevention has come under fire for its abysmal performance. This study therefore examined the public perception of the role of the Nigeria police force in curbing the menace of kidnapping in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria. This study adopted the problem-oriented policing theory in its explanation of the topic under investigation. It also employed the survey and cross-sectional design. The quantitative technique was utilized to collect data from the respondents while a total of 960 respondents were quantitatively sampled. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data collected from the field. Findings from this investigation showed that there is a very poor public perception of the police and that there are a multiplicity of obstacles hindering the efforts of the police at curbing the activities of kidnappers in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that government should improve the funding of the police to boost the morale of the rank and file while the police on its part should get rid of the bad elements within its system in order for public confidence to be restored in its ability.
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Silva, Jorge, Joao Sequeira, and Cristina Santos. "Field Results of a Navigation Architecture with Timing Constraints." Journal of Robotics 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/318695.
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This paper presents results of field tests of a mobile robot controlled by a navigation architecture accounting for timing constraints in an indoor environment. Dependability properties characterize the effects of disturbances on the ability to successfully accomplish any assigned missions, described in terms of the stability of an equilibrium state identified with a goal location. The stability is analyzed using Contraction theory. A localization system based on artificial landmarks is used to obtain location estimates that enable the robot to autonomously cover large distances. Monte Carlo tests assess the architecture under different real environment conditions including recovering from disturbing events such as landmark detection failures, robot kidnapping, unexpected collisions, and changes in the density of obstacles in the environment. Tests include long-run missions of around 2900 m lasting for 4.5 hours.
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Aro, Shittu. "Analysis of the nature of violence in Kaduna, Nigeria." Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjst20220301011.
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This study analysed various types of violence in Kaduna state in the last one decade; analysed the trend of violence in the study area from 2011 to 2021; and examined the causes of violence in the study area with a view to providing information that could guide the formulation of adequate security measures in the study area. This study utilized information from both primary and secondary data. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered, however, 198 were retrieved, giving a response rate of 65 per cent. Information on the causes of violence was obtained as primary data, while information on the trend and nature of violence was collected as secondary data. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that kidnapping violence was the most common type of violence, accounting for 36.36 per cent of all incidents of violence in the study area and that among the factors responsible for violence in the study area, the land use/ownership factor was the most significant with violence index of 3.88 while access to weapon factor was less significant with violence index of 1.27. The study recommends that Government should adopt an egalitarian approach in the distribution of economic resources in the study area. Keywords: Access to weapons, Egalitarian approach, Kaduna state, Kidnapping violence, Land use/ownership, Violence index
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EZIRIM, GERALD EKENEDIRICHUKWU. "Oil Crimes, National Security, and the Nigerian State, 1999–2015." Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, no. 1 (2018): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109917000238.
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AbstractThe discovery of oil in commercial quantity in Nigeria in 1956 ushered in a period characterized by endemic crises of oil rents management and corporate insecurity. From 1999, democratic renewal, backed by excess oil rents returns, made the popular democratic control of oil wealth critical. The consequent rentier management of oil wealth, excluding the citizens and their huge expectations occasioned threats to national security, thus punctuating limited democratic control of oil wealth, or lack of it. Employing the ex-post-facto research design, primary data for the study were generated from focus group discussions with experts in the oil sector, while other sources were from observations of the Nigerian Navy, Nigerian Customs Service, Nigerian Police, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, National Bureau of Statistics, and the Central Bank of Nigeria. Logical induction was used to analyze the data. Anchored on a frustration-aggression conceptual and theoretical framework, the study found that deprivation of oil benefits to Nigerian citizens manifested in illegal oil bunkering, pipeline vandalization, cross-border smuggling of petroleum products, attacks on oil installations, kidnapping, and piracy, with attendant threats to national security.
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Guerette, Rob T., Stephen F. Pires, and Auzeen Shariati. "Detecting the Determinants and Trajectories of Homicide Among Ransom Kidnappings: A Research Note." Homicide Studies 22, no. 2 (2017): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767916685367.
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Despite common media reports of death among kidnapped victims, little is known about the extent and factors that determine whether victims will be killed during the ransom process. Using data on 9,469 kidnappings for ransom incidents, which occurred in Colombia, South America between the years 2002 and 2011, this exploratory study sought to determine whether predictable patterns existed among those incidents in which victims were killed. The analyses revealed significant differences in the odds of death across victims, offenders, and situational circumstances. Distinct time-to-death trajectories were also found. Recognizing and understanding these patterns offer to improve preventive efforts.
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Omolewa, Michael. "Lucy Maddox, The Parker Sisters: A Border Kidnapping. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2016. Pp. 256. $28.95 (cloth)." Journal of African American History 103, no. 3 (2018): 478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/698556.
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Göpfert, Mirco. "Security in Niamey: an anthropological perspective on policing and an act of terrorism in Niger." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 1 (2012): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000607.
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ABSTRACTThe abduction of two Frenchmen in January 2011 in Niamey's supposedly most secure neighbourhood has led many to question the functioning of the city's security apparatus. This paper analyses Niamey's security landscape, initially from an historical and then from a spatial perspective. It argues that for a comprehensive analysis of security, we must first decentre our perspective on security construction, and thus take informal non-organised modes of policing just as seriously as policing by state and vigilante organisations; and second, take into account the inseparability of sociality and security, a fragile balance of trust and acceptable risk. In conclusion I argue that this focus may be one way of comprehending the kidnapping: how was it possible and what were its implications for Niamey's security landscape?
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أحمد, شيماء مجدي حسين. "جريمة الخطف في المجتمع المصري دراسة في المحددات الاجتماعية والديموجرافية للخاطفين وللمخطوفين للفترة 2003-2012 The crime of kidnapping in the Egyptian society A study of the social and demographic determinants of the kidnappers and the kidnapped for the period 2003-2012". مجلة بحوث الشرق الأوسط 7, № 72 (2022): 221–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mercj.2022.217440.
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Escamilla, Juan Bacilio Guerrero, and Arquímedes Avilés Vargas. "Cross-Sectional and Time Series Data as the Basis for Panel Modelling: The Case of Kidnappings in México From 2010 to 2019." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 10, no. 2 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v10n2p68.
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This paper presents the elements entailing the building of a panel data model on the basis of both cross-sectional and time series dimensions, as well as the assumptions implemented for the model application; this, with the objective of focusing on the main elements of the panel data modelling, its way of building, the estimation of parameters and their ratification. On the basis of the methodology of operations research, a practical application exercise is made to estimate the number of kidnapping cases in Mexico based on several economic indicators, finding that from the two types of panel data analyzed in this research, the best adjustment is obtained through the random-effects model, and the most meaningful variables are the Gross domestic product growth and the informal employment rate from the period 2010 to 2019 in each of the states. Thus, it is illustrated that panel data modelling present a better adjustment of data than any other type of models such as linear regression and time series analysis.
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Muñoz Fernández, Alberto. "Restitución del menor, declaración de ilicitud del traslado y competencia judicial internacional. Comentario al auto de la audiencia provincial de las islas baleares de 19 de abril de 2018 = Return of the child, declaration of wrongful removal and jurisdiction. Comment on the judgment of the Spanish Court of Appealof the Balearic Islands of 19 April 2018." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 11, no. 1 (2019): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2019.4661.
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Resumen: la solicitud de restitución de un niño ante las autoridades inglesas no impide que los tribunales españoles, país donde el menor tenía su de residencia habitual antes del traslado, declaren la ilicitud del traslado y adopten medidas cautelares para evitar un nuevo traslado internacional.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, secuestro internacional de menores, restitución del menor, retorno inmediato, declaración de ilicitud del traslado, retirada del pasaporte, competencia judicial internacional, litispendencia, garantías procesales.Abstract: the request for the return of a child before the English authorities does not prevent the Spanish courts, the country where the child had his habitual residence before the transfer, assume jurisdiction to declare the wrongfulness of the removal and adopt precautionary measures to avoid a new international abduction.Keywords: international child abduction, legal kidnapping, return of the child, prompt return, declaration of wrongfulness of the transfer, withdrawal of the Passport, international jurisdiction, lis pendens, procedural guarantees.
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Cao, Tianyang, Haoyuan Cai, Dongming Fang, Hui Huang, and Chang Liu. "Keyframes Global Map Establishing Method for Robot Localization through Content-Based Image Matching." Journal of Robotics 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1646095.
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Self-localization and mapping are important for indoor mobile robot. We report a robust algorithm for map building and subsequent localization especially suited for indoor floor-cleaning robots. Common methods, for example, SLAM, can easily be kidnapped by colliding or disturbed by similar objects. Therefore, keyframes global map establishing method for robot localization in multiple rooms and corridors is needed. Content-based image matching is the core of this method. It is designed for the situation, by establishing keyframes containing both floor and distorted wall images. Image distortion, caused by robot view angle and movement, is analyzed and deduced. And an image matching solution is presented, consisting of extraction of overlap regions of keyframes extraction and overlap region rebuild through subblocks matching. For improving accuracy, ceiling points detecting and mismatching subblocks checking methods are incorporated. This matching method can process environment video effectively. In experiments, less than 5% frames are extracted as keyframes to build global map, which have large space distance and overlap each other. Through this method, robot can localize itself by matching its real-time vision frames with our keyframes map. Even with many similar objects/background in the environment or kidnapping robot, robot localization is achieved with position RMSE <0.5 m.
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Adelabu Salawu, Mashud Layiwola, and Simeon Abiodun Aina. "Education for Peace and Justice in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis 1999 – 2015." World Journal of Social Science 4, no. 1 (2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v4n1p40.
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The arrays of violent conflicts in Nigeria, and government’s reaction to them, through the application of adversarialhard powe, call for a review of governments, conflict handling styles. Since the advent of civilian administration in1999, education for peace and justice has not got the required impetus, and it should be at the bedrock of anydeveloping country’s master plan. The theory of pacifism, coined by the French peace campaigner, Emile Armand(2016), that peaceful, rather than violent or belligerent relations should govern human intercourse, was applied. Thispaper observed the prevalence of conflict in Nigeria, ranging from ethic and relations violence, Niger Delta crises,Boko Haram insurgency, communal conflicts, political violence, kidnapping, as well as the bombardment of courtswith political litigations among others. Lack of awareness of other non-adversarial methods of resolving conflicts hasled to its unabatedness, which has cost the country so much loss in human and material resources.This paper recommends that education peace and justice should be designed in a number of ways such as inworkshop and awareness campaigns. The formal channels must be well staffed with people grounded in peace andconflict studies, to be complemented with train-the trainers approach, in order to ensure suitable knowledge transfer.Government must exhibit good governance. As the level of illiteracy is high in the country, informal education forpeace and justice must be given greater emphasise. The use of internet and other means of information technologywill promote the dissemination of education for peace and justice in Nigeria.
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Slack, Jeremy, and Scott Whiteford. "Violence and Migration on the Arizona-Sonora Border." Human Organization 80, no. 2 (2021): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.91.
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2010 was a significant year for immigration issues along the United States-Mexico border. In April, Arizona signed the most extreme law against undocumented immigrants. In August, 72 hopeful migrants were massacred in Tamaulipas by alleged drug traffickers, and the Arizona desert claimed a record 252 lives in fiscal year 2010. These events were part of the trend that began with border militarization in the mid-1990s and escalated in the wake of 9/11, resulting in the extremely violent character of the undocumented border crossing experience. This is manifest, not only in the frequent reports of abuses by various actors along the border, but also in the consolidation of undocumented migration with the trafficking of narcotics. The authors have documented many cases of robbery, kidnapping, physical abuse, rape, and manipulation by drug traffickers. In this article, we discuss these different manifestations of violence by understanding both the structural constraints that create and characterize violence, as well as the individual reactions to the factors. The authors propose the conceptualization of “post structural violence” as a manner of enhancing the discussion of agency within and as a reaction to the structural conditions generated by border security and immigration policy.
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Khan, Nasib Ali, and Dr Irfan Ullah. "A research study of Secondary Causes of Crimes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 5, no. 4 (2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/u5.v5.04(21)41-51.
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Crimes are limited to the key principles of a Society as well as the law enforced. Hence crimes in the different societies may vary and similarly its causes too. Although the root causes of crimes are mostly common among the different societies, but when we try to explore the causes of crimes in a specific society, then we come across different branches of basic causes, which definitely effect the abnormalities of crimes rate in that specific area. This is a quantitative research which is designed to investigate the secondary causes of crimes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study covers the period for 2011-2020. In this regard, the reported crimes cases in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were collected from the respective Govt. Department(s), which were thereafter reorganized and categorized into six major classes i.e. Murder, Hurt, Rape, Theft, Robbery and Kidnapping, while rest of the cases were placed in the category of miscellaneous or other crimes.
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Gargarella, Roberto. "Democracy and Rights in Gelman v. Uruguay." AJIL Unbound 109 (2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300001276.
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On 24 February 2011, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) issued its decision in Gelman v. Uruguay, condemning Uruguay for the forced disappearance of María Claudia García Iruretagoyena de Gelman and the kidnapping of her daughter Macarena Gelman during the military dictatorship. In the decision, the Court ordered Uruguay to remove all obstacles that enabled those responsible for the crimes to go unpunished. Accordingly, it declared that Law 15848 on the Expiry of Punitive Claims of the State (“Expiry Law”), a 1986 amnesty law that prevented the prosecution of people who had committed serious human rights violations during the military dictatorship, was incompatible with the American Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons, and therefore lacked legal effect. That the law had been passed democratically and subsequently reaffirmed two times by popular referendums did not change the Court’s evaluation or impede the Court from annulling it.
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Cook Bell, Karen. "Beyond Freedom's Reach: A Kidnapping in the Twilight of Slavery by Adam RothmanBeyond Freedom's Reach: A Kidnapping in the Twilight of Slavery, by Adam Rothman. Cambridge and New York, Harvard University Press, 2015. 288 pp. $31.00 US (cloth)." Canadian Journal of History 52, no. 3 (2017): 613–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.ach.52.3.rev24.
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Sulistyawati, Saras. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PUTUSAN PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG (T.P.P.O) (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 632 K/PID.SUS/2016 DAN PUTUSAN NOMOR 1447K/ PID.SUS/ 2016)." Jurnal Ilmiah Dinamika Hukum 21, no. 2 (2019): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35315/dh.v21i2.7221.
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Human Trafficking is an act of recruitment, shelter, sending, transferring, or accepting someone with the threat of violence, using violence, kidnapping, confinement, counterfeiting, fraud, abuse of power or vulnerable positions, debt bondage or paying or benefits, so obtain approval from the person who holds control over the other person, whether carried out within the state or between countries, for the purpose of exploitation or to result in exploitation (Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Crimes in Trafficking in Persons).
 This study aims to analyze aspects of judges' consideration of the criminal termination of perpetrators of trafficking in persons in Decision Number 632.K / PID.SUS / 2016 and Decisions Number 1447.K / PID.SUS / 2016, covering juridical, philosophical, and sociological aspects. Juridical aspects are based on the existing legal umbrella and judge as the applicator, sociological aspects, namely the application of the law concerning the values of society in order to create legal justice, and philosophical aspects that are based on the value of truth and justice.
 This research is a type of normative juridical research that focuses on studying the application of positive legal norms or norms.
 The problem in this study regarding the basis of the judge's consideration in imposing criminal sanctions against perpetrators of trafficking in persons and the comparison of judges' considerations related to criminal imposition of perpetrators of human trafficking in decisions No. 632.K / PID.SUS / 2016 and Decisions Number 1447.K / PID.SUS / 2016.
 From the results of this study indicate that, the application of the law where the judge as the applicator is in accordance with the values of the law, and the community, but still very minimal or the need for more policies on victims of trafficking, namely the right to restitution (restoration of the rights of victims from trafficking).
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Umaru, Musa Emmanuel, Nalong Henry Yale, Bewul Mathew Dhikyilnan, et al. "Criminal Armed Herdsmen Operation in Southern Kaduna, Nigeria: Implications On Human and Food Security." European Journal of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp1123.
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The research focuses on the implications of armed herdsmen operations on human and food security in the Southern Kaduna region of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research design for the study is a descriptive survey method; a sample of 90 respondents was drawn from the three most affected local government areas where armed herdsmen operation strives in the region. The questionnaire was used as a major instrument for the collection of primary data; in-depth interviews were also conducted by the researcher to elicit further information from respondents. Secondary data was sourced from books, journals, newspapers and online peer-reviewed materials. The routine activity theory was adopted to explain armed herdsmen activities in Southern Kaduna. Findings suggest that deaths, hospitalizations, burning of houses amongst many others were major implications on human security while burning of farmlands, kidnappings on the farm and closure of markets were amongst major implications of food security in the region. The study recommends the provision of more sophisticated detection equipment in the rural areas for early detection of arrival and settlement of armed herdsmen in the forestlands, provision of more sophisticated detection equipment and arms and ammunition to the security forces to eliminate the attacking herdsmen. The study also recommends compensation for the affected communities through government distribution of grains from the strategic reserves and re-establishment of farmlands and construction of new residential structures for the affected people.
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Kettler, Andrew. "Adam Rothman, Beyond Freedom’s Reach: A Kidnapping in the Twilight of Slavery. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. 263. Cloth $29.95." Journal of African American History 102, no. 2 (2017): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5323/jafriamerhist.102.2.0258.
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Brophy, Alfred L. "Beyond Freedom's Reach: A Kidnapping in the Twilight of Slavery. By Adam Rothman. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. 263. $29.95.)." Historian 79, no. 3 (2017): 602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12616.
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Cetorelli, Valeria, Isaac Sasson, Nazar Shabila, and Gilbert Burnham. "Mortality and kidnapping estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective household survey." PLOS Medicine 14, no. 5 (2017): e1002297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002297.
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Chaer, Muh Idhan, Sutrimo Sumarlan, and Pujo Widodo. "Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in Trilatel Cooperative Arrangement (Port visit Indomalphi 2017-2019)." Technium Social Sciences Journal 26 (December 9, 2021): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v26i1.5142.
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The Sulu-Sulawesi Sea is a strategic trade route so that it becomes one of the policy priorities. Strategic value does not necessarily bring benefits, but also brings security threats such as piracy, piracy and kidnapping with a ransom demand. In an effort to overcome this, since 2017 the Trilateral Cooperative Arrangement in the Port Visit scheme has been built between the three countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of Port Visit cooperation and to analyze the Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in this cooperation. This research uses defense theory, strategy theory, and defense diplomacy theory. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis research method. The data collection carried out in this study used primary data through interviews and secondary data from a literature review of journals, books, reports, and internet-based sources. The Trilateral Port Visit Indomalphi cooperation is a response in dealing with transnational crimes in the Sulu-Sulawesi Sea area. With various series of activities, this cooperation plays an important role in efforts to maintain regional security and stability and provides the authority to maintain the safety of all Indonesian citizens as mandated by the law. The Indonesian Defense Diplomacy Strategy in the Indomalphi Port Visit is aimed at increasing mutual trust and military capacity in terms of coordination, communication and piracy capture training. Therefore, the defense diplomacy strategy in this study can be said to have fulfilled the two main characters of defense diplomacy, namely; defense diplomacy to build mutual trust (CBMs) and defense diplomacy to build defense capacity (CB).
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DeLisi, Matt, Eric Beauregard, and Hayden Mosley. "Armed burglary: a marker for extreme instrumental violence." Journal of Criminal Psychology 7, no. 1 (2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-08-2016-0023.
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Purpose Most burglaries are property offenses yet some offenders perpetrate burglary for the purpose of violent instrumental crimes. Sexual burglars are distinct from non-sexual burglars because the former seek to rape or sexually abuse victims within the homes they burgle whereas the latter seek theft and material gain. It is unclear to what degree burglars who are armed with firearms or knives represent a type of sexual burglar, or perhaps a more severe type of offender who enters homes not merely to rape a victim, but to perhaps murder them as well. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on data from 790 felons in Florida, t-test and negative binomial regression models were used to compare armed burglars to offenders who were not convicted of armed burglary. Findings Compared to offenders not convicted of armed burglary, armed burglars were involved in significantly more instrumental crimes of violence including first-degree murder, kidnapping, armed rape, armed robbery and assault with intent to murder. Armed burglary may be a marker of extreme instrumental violent offending and warrants further study. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is among the first studies of armed burglary offenders and adds understanding to the heterogeneity of burglary offenders and their criminal careers.
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Mete, Vittorio, Rocco Sciarrone, and Stuart Oglethorpe. "Overcoming the ‘Ndrangheta: contrasting methods and continuities of action: A report from the ‘La ferita’ conference, Reggio Calabria, November 2010." Modern Italy 17, no. 2 (2012): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.673760.
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The ‘Ndrangheta is one of southern Italy's three traditional mafias; with its roots in Calabria, it has a presence in other Italian regions and operates from bases abroad, including outside Europe. Until a few years into the new millennium the other two, the Sicilian Cosa Nostra and the Camorra of Campania, were much better known. Serious studies of the ‘Ndrangheta could be counted on the fingers of two hands, the few journalists who took an interest were not well known, and its public image was largely linked to kidnapping, in which the Calabrian gangs were specialists. In 2005, however, the vice-president of the Calabrian Regional Council was murdered, and on 15 August 2007, the Ferragosto holiday, six young Calabrians were killed in Duisburg; these events helped to break the silence around the ‘Ndrangheta that had prevailed for a long time. Anti-Ndrangheta groups, consisting mainly of young people, have formed; journalists with a national profile have started to file reports from Calabria; there has been an explosion in reportage (not, in truth, of high quality) on the ‘Ndrangheta's origins, characteristics and business activity; and finally, in 2008, the Parliamentary Commission on the Mafia devoted a special report to the Calabrian mafia for the first time. Despite this rapid growth of interest, there have still been very few serious studies.
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Putra, Bama Andika. "Hindrances to Third-Party Interventions in Conflict Resolution: United Nations and Patterns of Constraints in Resolving the Lord’s Resistance Army Conflict Between 2008-2012." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 3 (2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0079.
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Since 1987, the Lord’s Resistance Army has continued systematic human rights violations in the Central African region. Cases of kidnapping, village raids, mass rapes, and murders, have become defining factors to the urgency of resolving the crisis. In an attempt to respond to the conflict, the United Nations Security Council has initiated a number of political and military-based resolutions to control the conflict since 2008, which includes extending UN peacekeeping mandates in Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan, as well as coordinate efforts with relevant African Union bodies. However, its success is far-reached, urging the need to contextualize the forms of hindrances that the UN faced in responding to the crisis. Employing Rourke and Bouyer’s (1996) concept of collective security and measures of response success, with a research limitation set to 2008-2012, a qualitative research utilizing secondary data is implemented, concluding the following hindrances that can be categorized into the following; (1) Implementation of the additional mandate of the UN Peace Forces, (2) Application of the AU Regional Task Force, and (3) Implementation of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement, and Reintegration program.
 
 Received: 16 December 2020 / Accepted: 11 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
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Beecher, Jonathan. "Cunegonde's Kidnapping: A Story of Religious Conflict in the Age of Enlightenment by Benjamin J. KaplanCunegonde's Kidnapping: A Story of Religious Conflict in the Age of Enlightenment, by Benjamin J. Kaplan. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2014. xvii, 290 pp. $30.00 US (paper)." Canadian Journal of History 51, no. 1 (2016): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.ach.51.1.rev08.
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