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1
Smith, Alaster. "Behavioural variation in terrorist kidnapping." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300529.
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Blumenstein, Lindsey. "Intimate Partner Kidnapping: An Exploratory Analysis." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5906.
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The following study is an exploratory analysis of intimate partner kidnapping. The current study will give a descriptive picture of the victim, offender, and incident characteristics of a form of intimate partner violence that has never been studied before, intimate partner kidnapping, as well as a form of physical violence often seen in the literature, intimate partner assaults. The study will use a combination of the National Incident Based Report System (FBI, 2009), and the American Community Survey (Census, 2012) to identify these characteristics and also to identify any potential relationships between structural-level correlates and rates of intimate partner violence. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of multiple forms of intimate partner violence using police data, as well as, understand their relationships to structural-level correlates of counties.
The current study uses the National Incident-Based Reporting (FBI, 2009) system from the year 2009 in order to identify both types of intimate partner violence. It is rare that police data is used to study intimate partner violence, and the current study expands our knowledge of this violence by using a different type of data to study this area. Additionally, the American Community Survey (Census, 2012) estimates between 2005-2009 are utilized to measure the structural-level variables, including concentrated disadvantage, racial heterogeneity, immigrant concentration, and residential stability.
Overall, this study finds that intimate partner kidnapping is a different form of violence than intimate partner assaults. Only one structural level variable, residential stability is significantly associated with intimate partner kidnapping, whereas, 3 of the 4 structural level variables are significantly related to intimate partner assaults and most in the direction expected. The conclusions suggest that intimate partner kidnapping may be a part of “coercive controlling violence” which involves severe amounts of control, isolation, and intimidation, and may not have the same relationships to structural-level correlates as other types of intimate partner violence, such as physical assaults.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Sociology<br>Sciences<br>Sociology
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Ochoa, Hernandez Rolando. "Out of harm's way : understanding kidnapping in Mexico City." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b015aba-23ca-45e8-b2a1-70de89cd0c19.
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This dissertation analyses the survival strategies that wealthy people in Mexico City have designed and implemented to protect themselves from kidnapping with special focus on household employment relationships. This particular crime has demonstrated a particular evolution in the last 20 years that deserves analysis. Once a political crime, it became an economic crime that at first only targeted wealthy individuals and then over time began targeting working class victims. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork in Mexico City which included a year in the field, 78 interviews with employers, employees, kidnapping victims and members of the police forces and justice system and the creation of a news reports database this thesis presents a detailed history of the evolution of kidnapping in the period 1968-2009. This is followed by an in depth analysis of the strategies elites use to protect themselves from this crime. Special attention is focused on the hiring process of household employees, namely drivers, as evidence suggests that most kidnappings are organized or facilitated in some way by a close collaborator of the victim. The hiring process is approached as a problem of trust. Signaling theory is the main framework used for the solving of this problem, as well as some ideas found in transaction cost economics, namely vertical integration. The results point towards strategic behavior from the actors involved that seeks to minimize the risk of being kidnapped for the employer. Signaling helps us uncover the specific mechanisms by which employer establish their prospective employees’ trustworthiness. The use of informal social networks made up of strong ties is one of the most salient mechanisms used to guarantee honest employees and this, together with a composite set of properties is signaled throughout. This thesis contributes to the literature on crime in Latin America as well as to the sociological literature on signaling, a branch of analytical sociology.
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Jones, Leslie Tara. "Arthur Gooch : the political, economic, and social influences that led him to the gallows /." Read thesis online, 2010. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/JonesLT2010.pdf.
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Strohman, Lisa Kathleen Heilbrun Kirk. "Stranger infant abductions : offense characteristics, victim selection, and offender motivation of female offenders /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/497.
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Ibrahim, Ahmad Basri Bin. "Kidnapping and hostage-taking in malaysian law and Islamic law : A comparative study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497558.
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Niemi, Malin. "The Coca and the Kidnappings : A Colombian Experience." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194408.
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Colombia differs from the rest of the world due to the amount of kidnappings and coca cultivation taking place. Using data between 1999-2008, this paper studies to what extent and in what direction there exists a causal relationship of coca cultivation on kidnappings. A study that has never been done in the previous published economic literature. A negative relationship would mean that policies implemented to reduce coca cultivation would also increase the number of kidnappings. A positive relationship, on the other hand would reduce the number of kidnappings. Using OLS-, fixed effects- and instrumental variable regressions, the results imply a negative relationship. Meaning implementing policies with the aim of eradicating coca production would come with negative externalities in the form of more kidnappings.
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Alberto, Bebito Manuel. "Entre o silêncio e o “lucro”: um estudo sobre a onda de sequestros nas cidades de Maputo e Matola, em Moçambique, período de 2011-2013." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19017.
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DISSERTAÇÃO BEBITO MANUEL ALBERTO.pdf: 2127253 bytes, checksum: cf40cc1172ac28723c52d5e8b5c3e7cb (MD5)<br>CNPq<br>A violência tem sido inequivocamente um fenômeno que afeta muitas cidades
brasileiras. Em Moçambique, as cidades de Maputo e Matola têm experimentado
também várias formas de manifestação da violência. É neste contexto que em 2011
emergem os sequestros, como uma “nova” manifestação da violência urbana. Uma
das características principais era a captura de cidadãos de nacionalidade
moçambicana ou não e de origem asiática ligados ao setor empresaria ou comercial.
Os sequestro tinham apenas por objetivo, a obtenção de vantagens de natureza
econômica com o pagamento dos resgates. O fenômeno atingido o seu pico, em
termos de ocorrência sistemática em 2013. Não ocasião, várias reações sociais e
institucionais, excetuando a acadêmica foram observadas um pouco pelo país. Daí
que o presente estudo é uma das primeiras contribuições de natureza acadêmica
sobre o fenômeno. O objetivo da dissertação é analisar e compreender as dinâmicas
sociais desse fenômeno e os possíveis determinantes da sua ocorrência sistemática
nas duas cidades. Para o efeito, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com
recurso a entrevistas às vítimas e/ou seus familiares e profissionais da polícia
investigativa que lidam com fenômeno no seu cotidiano e, pesquisa documental,
baseada em documentos institucionais e informações midiáticas. De uma maneira
geral, os resultados demostram que o silêncio tanto das vítimas e/ou seus familiares,
quanto do poder pública foi evidente nesse período e, uma vez que essa prática
criminal em Moçambique é altamente “lucrativa”, os praticantes continuaram se
dedicando de forma engajada. Por outro, houve atração de outros criminosos que se
dedicavam em outras práticas criminais, como por exemplo, roubos com recurso à
arma de fogo. Violence is clearly a phenomenon that affects many Brazilian cities. In
Mozambique, the cities of Maputo and Matola also have been experiencing many
manifestation ways of violence. It is in this context that in 2011 emerged kidnappings,
as a "new" manifestation of urban violence. One of the key features was the capture
of citizens from Mozambican nationality or not and from Asian origin linked to
business or commercial sector. The objectives of those kidnappings were only to
obtain economic advantages through the payment of the ransoms. The phenomenon
reached its peak in terms of systematic occurrence in 2013. This period has
observed many social and institutional reactions at a little over the country, except
the academic. Hence, this study is one of the first academic contributions. The main
objective of this work is to analyze and understand the social dynamics of this
phenomenon and the possible determinants of the systematic occurrence in both
cities. To achieve this purpose, was adopted a qualitative approach, based in
interviews with the victims and/or their families and investigative police professionals
who daily deal with phenomena and, documentary research based on institutional
documents and media information. In general, the results demonstrated that the
silence of both the victims and/or their families, and the public power was evident
during this period and, as this criminal practice in Mozambique is highly "profitable",
their practitioners continued engaged on it. On the other hand, it attracted other
criminals who were acting in other criminal practice, such as, robbery with a gun use.
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Hopper, Debra Kay Critchlow. "The development of a unit on "stranger safety," designed for kindergarten students, teachers and parents." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/404.
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Perez, Carlos M. "Anatomy of a hostage rescue : what makes hostage rescue operations successful /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FPerez.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Frank R. Giordano, Gordon H. McCormick. Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-189). Also available online.
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Azevedo, Letícia Rodrigues de. "A viagem em cárcere móvel: um estudo de vitimização por sequestro relâmpago." Programa de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10407.
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Da mesma forma que a violência como tema da Saúde Coletiva demorou a ganhar espaços de discussão, o sequestro relâmpago, uma modalidade de violência criminal que atinge a classe média brasileira desde meados da década de 1990, carece de estudos que o evidenciem e reconheçam o seu impacto na saúde física, mental e social dos envolvidos. Buscamos compreender o fenômeno e a experiência do seqüestro relâmpago segundo os relatos da pessoa vitimizada, de modo a: 1. descrever o evento e identificar suas fases de execução; 2. analisar as violências perpetradas e os sentidos atribuídos pelas vítimas; 3. compreender as dimensões de interação de vítimas e ofensores; e 4. conhecer as repercussões da experiência de vitimização no cotidiano de vida dos ex-sequestrados. Desenvolvemos um estudo exploratório e com método qualitativo, no qual investigamos a experiência subjetiva de treze vítimas do seqüestro relâmpago por meio de entrevistas individuais. Descrevemos o evento a partir de quatro fases. A primeira fase antecede a captura (pré-abordagem); em seguida, tem-se a fase na qual os papéis de vítima e ofensor são iniciados (captura); e então a fase mais prolongada durante a qual ofensores expõem suas intenções e inserem a vítima em um acordo coercitivo-cooperativo (o passeio compulsório), para enfim encerrarem o evento (desfecho), sendo este um dos momentos mais tensos para a vítima. De modo geral, o seqüestro relâmpago pode ser identificado como aquilo que os estudiosos nomeiam de ―sequestro para roubo‖. É um delito que pressupõe um meio de atuação comum – o confinamento e transporte forçado das vítimas – que pode seguir scripts distintos e complementares (saques em caixas automáticos, compras, obtenção dos bens pessoais, roubo do veículo). Ele é caracterizado pela temporalidade reduzida, pelo ―cárcere móvel‖ e pela relação diádica entre ofensor e vítima. As ameaças e a arma de fogo, fortalecidos por uma encenação convincente dos ofensores, são elementos comuns a todos os casos investigados e figuram nos relatos das vítimas como elementos essenciais à sua cooperação. Esta, por sua vez, é o tipo de resposta mais freqüente por parte das vítimas. Elas acreditam que, ao colaborarem com os mandos dos ofensores, suas vidas serão preservadas e, assim, validam o contrato coerção-cooperação imposto pelos algozes. Entretanto, esse contrato pode ser continuamente negociado, já que vítima e ofensor mantêm um contato face-a-face prolongado e constante e estão inseridos em uma cena mutável por conta de fatores situacionais. Consequentemente, as vítimas vivenciam repercussões emocionais e físicas da vitimização, como medo da retaliação, mudanças imediatas de rotina, prejuízo à vida social, sensação de insegurança generalizada, entre outros. Essa deterioração da vida social do sujeito e das suas relações pessoais e a revivência emocional negativa recorrente podem ter efeito prolongado e danoso às vítimas.<br>Salvador
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Wensink, Patrick Ronald. "Nine Times Out of Ten, You Don't Die." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5039.
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My novel, "Nine Times Out of Ten, You Don't Die," is the story of Layla Wisnewski and her quest to write a book about her famous father. In the 1970s, "Big Dan" Wisnewski was a motorcycle stuntman who broke more bones than anyone living. He jumped cars and buses and rivers atop a white Harley Davidson. Big Dan was considered an American Hero.
Fast forward forty years, Big Dan has been dead for decades, and his daughter Layla is writing a book about his life. While researching the book, she learns she was kidnapped as a baby. This triggers a domino effect that leads Layla on a trail to uncover the many ways in which she has been lied to over the years and just how dangerous her family really is.
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Noor, Mohamed M. K. "Understanding career criminal kidnapping : a study of offending dynamics, subcultural tolerance and policing in Malaysia." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2010. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/250/.
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I subscribe to the notion that criminology needs to seek information about crime from successful criminals. Alohan is a Malaysian, ethnic Chinese, Triad member, businessman and police informer who also kidnaps people for ransom. He is a serious offender who has, so far, escaped conviction for kidnap, which is a capital offence in Malaysia. This thesis seeks to understand the factors underpinning Alohan’s lengthy and apparently successful criminal career but is subject to methodological constraints imposed by ethical and safety concerns. With methods such as participant observation ruled out, the research is based on a series of life history, narrative interviews, conducted with Alohan in a secure location. These are supplemented by semistructured interviews with: officers from Royal Malaysian Customs; officers from the Specialist Police Kidnap Unit of the Royal Malaysian Police, and ethnic Chinese businessmen. Alohan provides an account that can be examined and compared against influential strands of criminological thought in such areas as criminal careers, cultural criminology, subcultural tolerance of deviance and techniques of neutralisation. Alohan’s story reveals the highly culturally specific nature of most influential criminological theorising, which has almost exclusively been generated from a ‘western’ perspective. It uncovers the need for more comparative research in order to fill gaps and correct faulty assumptions that have arisen from the fairly narrow world-view that currently informs the field.
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Camurri, Tommaso. "Historical Research on Boko Haram: a Debate : The Cases of Ansaru and the Chibok Kidnapping." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31321.
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The thesis focuses on the phenomenon of Boko Haram in Nigeria, attempting to give an understanding of the group based on the academical analysis that has been elaborated through time. A contextualisation of the movement’s evolution introduces two cases of study, currently under scholars’ scrutiny: the birth of the splinter-cell Ansaru and the Chibok kidnapping. The work is integrated by on-going debates among scholars and the most recently published contributions to the research.
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BRASIL, BRUNA RAFAELA VEIGA. "FICTION, DOCUMENTARY AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE: A CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF KIDNAPPING OF BUS 174." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18792@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>O propósito deste trabalho consiste em analisar o espaço ético nas representações sociais do cinema brasileiro contemporâneo. Para compreensão dos limites entre ficção e documentário, e entre filme baseado ou inspirado em fatos reais, tomam-se para análise comparativa o documentário e a ficção realizados sobre a rendição armada do ônibus 174 por Sandro do Nascimento, em junho de 2000: Ônibus 174(2002), de José Padilha e Última parada 174 (2009), de Bruno Barreto. Estes filmes constroem discursos sobre o local (a cidade do Rio de Janeiro) de múltiplos pontos de vista transnacionais, o que nos leva ao questionamento sobre o olhar estrangeiro na construção da representação do local. Para a análise dos filmes propõe-se aplicar o conceito de axiografia, desenvolvido por Bill Nichols, não só a obras classificadas como documentários, mas também às ficções baseadas em fatos reais.<br>The purpose of this work is to analyze ethical space on social representations of contemporary Brazilian cinema. For understanding of the boundaries between fiction and documentary, and between film based on or inspired by real facts takes to benchmarking the documentary and fiction made about bus 174 rendition armada by Sandro birth in June 2000: bus 174 (2002), José Padilha and last stop 174 (2009), Bruno Barreto. These films are building speeches about the location (the city of Rio de Janeiro) multiple viewpoints transnational, raising questions about the look abroad in construction of local representation. For the analysis of films proposed to apply the concept of axiografia developed by Bill Nichols not only the works classified as documentaries, but also to fictions based on real events.
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Castillo, Valencia María del Pilar. "Economics theory of political kidnapping : theory and evidency for the case of the FARC in Colombia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132922.
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O objetivo desta tese é explicar a redução nas taxas de sequestros políticos na Colômbia nos últimos anos a partir da análise do comportamento estratégico dos criminosos. Pontos de vista convencionais explicam a diminuição dos sequestros como o resultado exitoso da política de segurança democrática do presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez. No entanto, até agora, tem sido desconsiderada a busca de explicações alternativas à já existente, que bem poderiam ser encontradas a partir da perspectiva de análise dos dilemas organizacionais produzidos pelos sequestros nas FARC – Forças Armadas Revolucionárias da Colômbia –, da sua interação estratégica com o governo e, em particular, de seus efeitos sobre sua atividade global e na decisão de pôr fim a essa ação criminosa. O interesse dos três ensaios que compõem esta tese é estudar as motivações deste grupo rebelde, sob o enfoque da teoria da agência, dividindo sua estrutura organizativa entre líderes (principal), que tomam as decisões estratégicas, e os combatentes (agentes), que as realizam, em um contexto de informação assimétrica, para tomar decisões racionais. Cada ensaio desenvolve a partir de diferentes perspectivas, mas tendo como base o enfoque racional de principal-agente, as razões que levaram a organização a renunciar a uma de suas atividades criminosas, considerada no princípio como uma ação estratégica eficiente que obrigaria o governo colombiano a negociar. O primeiro ensaio está focado em mostrar os custos de transação que gerou essa estratégia para os agentes e o principal. Esta análise faz uso dos mesmos instrumentos analíticos empregados para analisar os custos de qualquer transação econômica que leva a cabo uma organização legal. Mostrando que os custos dessa atividade foram altos, expressados, primeiro, em um conflito de interesses entre o líder, encarregado de esquematizar e designar tarefas, e os agentes, responsáveis por sua execução. A divergência entre estas duas partes teve origem em uma mudança nas expectativas dos agentes, que preferiam mais atividades de combate às relacionadas com o sequestro, em um contexto de perseguição constante do exército colombiano. O segundo ensaio estuda como essa mesma estratégia afetou o contexto no qual os agentes definem suas preferências. Através do uso de três enfoques diferentes da teoria econômica se expõem três interpretações diversas da mudança nas preferências dos agentes: a) uma mudança no risco; b) uma divergência entre as preferências subjacentes e induzidas; c) a presença de dimensões motivacionalmente salientes. E o terceiro ensaio apresenta um modelo formal para estabelecer um sistema de compensações eficiente que o principal oferece ao agente para atenuar o que sobre seu comportamento gerou o sequestro. Os resultados mostram que, considerando que os recursos das organizações armadas ilegais são escassos, quanto maiores são os incentivos oferecidos aos agentes para evitar que desertem, menor é a capacidade da organização para penalizar os desertores e menor a utilidade do principal. Simulando o modelo para um conjunto específico de parâmetros se conclui que a incorporação do mecanismo de autocumprimento (self-enforcing) dentro da função de utilidade do principal aumenta seus custos e propicia o baixo esforço do agente e seu comportamento oportunista.<br>The objective of this thesis is to explain the reduction in the rate of political kidnapping in Colombia in recent years by means of analyzing the strategic behavior of its perpetrators. This is the basic question addressed in this thesis. Conventional views interpret the fall in the kidnapping rate as an outcome of President Álvaro Uribe’s democratic security policy. I will argue, however, that this is not the whole story, since political kidnapping led Farc [for its acronym in Spanish, Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia] into an unprecedented strategic situation that induced a breach between leader (principal) and combatant (agent) concerns with strong effects on its overall activity and its decision to stop that criminal action. The focus of three essays making up this thesis is on studying FARC’s motivations from the perspective of agency theory, by splitting its organizational structure into principals and agents who are acting on a setting of asymmetrical information. Each essay develops, from different perspectives, the reasons that led the organization to give up that criminal activity due to the substantial political and organizational risks involved. The first essay is focused on the transactions costs generated by the kidnapping strategy both for agents and principals. This analysis is based on the same theoretical tools used to study the costs held by any legal organization. I found that the costs of kidnapping were high, expressed first in a conflict of interest between the leader –responsible for designing and assigning tasks—and the agents in charge of its implementation. The divergence was due to a shift in the expectations of agents who preferred combat activities over the menial tasks associated with kidnapping, in a context of heavy pressure by the Colombian Army. In contradistinction to legal organizations in which such type of divergence can be solved, in part, by paying higher wages to agents in order to extract their best effort, this alternative is not feasible for FARC, for those who joined the organization are supposed to have an ideological and political commitment. The second essay studies how the kidnapping strategy affected the preferences of agents and their behavior by means of using three different approaches from economic theory: (a) a change in risk, (b) a divergence between underlying and induced preferences and, (c) the presence of salient motivational dimensions. The third essay examines, through a principal-agent model, the nature of the trade-off between incentives and enforcing mechanisms that the leadership of an Armed illegal organization offers to its agents. Using a MATLAB’s optimization tool-box, I computed the optimal transfer system for a given parameterization of the model, and analyzed its properties. The numerical analysis shows that the inclusion of a self-enforcing mechanism on the leader’s objective function increases the costs for the principal and could lead agents to choose low efforts and engage in opportunistic behavior.
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Zschieschack, Frank. "Geiselnahme und erpresserischer Menschenraub (Paragraphen 239a, 239b StGB) im Zwei-Personen-Verhältnis /." Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009461232&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Elgeed, Mohammad Ahmed Awad. "International child abduction : an Islamic and Hague convention perspective." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211263.
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This study is intended to address the problem of international parental child abduction from Islamic and international perspectives. During a decade of working as a judge in the state of Qatar a number of cross-border child abduction cases occurred involving GCC, Arab and Western parents. In none of these cases has the Hague Convention on The Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (1980) been consulted or mentioned. There is no evidence that the attention of Qatari judges has ever been drawn to the existence of this important international treaty. However, for the reasons given throughout this study, it will be argued that The Hague Convention is too important to be totally ignored by Muslim countries, while these countries will probably start to face an increasing number of cross-border child abduction cases. The benefits of acceding to the Convention are made clear by considering a diversity of international cases where the solutions of the Convention best serve the welfare of the abducted children by procedurally ordering their prompt return to their habitual residence, thus putting to an end an arbitrary act of abduction unjustifiably carried out by one of the carers. It is hoped that in the end this research will bring Islamic and Convention understandings closer to each other with regard to the problem of international parental child abduction.
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Momoh, Onyója. "Domestic and family violence in the context of the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239355.
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This thesis examines some flaws in the interpretation and application of the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction ('the Hague Convention) and how this has led to the inadequate protection of children against the impact of domestic and family violence. These inadequacies have been identified in the inconsistent interpretation and application of Article 13(1) b) amongst Contracting States. This thesis seeks to address the disparity through a comprehensive analysis of the issues and its root causes, whilst conducting an empirical study with the aim of proposing policy recommendations. The demographics of taking parents shows that the majority of them are primary carer mothers as opposed to non-resident fathers. Added to this, UN global statistics reveal that 30% of women have experienced intimate partner violence and 38% of all murders of women are committed by intimate partners. It is also now recognised that violence and abuse between parents may expose a child to the grave risk of harm. Therefore, domestic violence does not have to be perpetrated on the child directly to suffer harm. The thesis derives its purpose from the conclusions of the Sixth Meeting of the Special Commission that allegations of domestic violence and the risks to the child are not always adequately and promptly examined. The thesis analyses the inconsistencies in the approach by Contracting States towards Article 13 (1) b) in cases involving domestic violence, with a particular focus on case law and the empirical survey that was carried out as a part of this doctoral research. The thesis aims to identify best practices and provide recommendations which it is hoped has influenced the Working Group in the preparation of the draft Guide to Good Practice at the Hague Conference. It is anticipated that the Guide to Good Practice on Article 13 (1) b) will greatly assist judges on measures to improve upon its interpretation and application in cases involving allegations of domestic violence. The underlying rationale is that it is possible to achieve real consistency. Judges need to be aided with a roadmap of the correct approach to analysing the grave risk of harm, whilst addressing evidential and resource issues. It is suggested that the starting point should always be an 'effective examination' of the allegations of domestic violence, rather than first considering protective measure on the basis of an assumption that the allegations are true. An “effective examination” should take place by means of a 'thorough, limited and expeditious' investigation, in line with X v Latvia (Application no. 27853/09) Grand Chamber [2013]. The recommendations put forward in this thesis combine the principle of 'effective examination' and a stronger recognition of the role of the Convention of 19 October 1996 on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children. The objective is to help unify the interpretation and application of Article 13(1) b) in cases concerning domestic violence across Contracting States.
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Celizic, Joseph S. "Beyond Stars." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1243878273.
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Constantinescu, Ana R. "Framing a Kidnapping: Frame Convergence between Online Newspaper Coverage and Reader Discussion Posts of Three Kidnapped Romanian Journalists." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31793.
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In late March 2005, three Romanian journalists were kidnapped by an obscure group of Iraqi militants near Baghdad. Several unusual details about the circumstances of the kidnapping prompted the Romanian media to investigate the speculation regarding the authenticity and motives of this high profile case. This thesis project extends framing theory to incorporate macro-level frames such as cynicism, speculation and metacommunication as dominant reporting styles in this evolving democracy. A systematic content analysis was performed on 255 news stories spanning 75 days from Evenimentul Zilei and Jurnalul National. Additionally, 2,941 of their subsequent online reader discussion posts were content analyzed using the same categories as the news stories to serve as a point of comparison between media reports and public discussion about this bizarre case. Results support evidence of generic media framing and extend the theory to demonstrate mediaâ s reliance on speculation and metacommunication as overarching reporting styles. Online deliberation between readers in this evolving democracy demonstrates difficulties in citizensâ abilities to emerge from the spiral of cynicism characteristic of the post-communist Romania. While media establish the issues for public dialogue, they do not appear responsible for setting the tone.<br>Master of Arts
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Nikiforidou, Eleana. "Countering kidnapping in a globalised world : a critical analysis of the production, transfer and application of high security knowledge." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22084/.
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This thesis provides an investigation of the production, transfer and application of the knowledge associated with counter-kidnap. I examine the processes and contexts that shape transnational knowledge transfer and its application. As far as I am aware, this qualitative research is the first one adding an empirical detail to our understanding of these processes with respect to kidnappings for ransom. The first two parts of the thesis provide a breakdown of the information provided by formal counter-kidnap documents, other ways of transferring high-security knowledge, and their barriers. A number of formal institutions and processes exist for transferring knowledge and practices around mitigating serious crime and I explain in detail in which respects they can be problematic. The third part identifies an implementation gap, since local practices and processes impede transnational initiatives. I discuss the effects of the specific police sub-culture which hinders the transfer and application of the relevant knowledge. In the final part I review the so-called risk management companies, which represent a fairly new private field responding to kidnapping risks, both preventatively and reactively. I suggest that the emergence of these companies results from the high prices of knowledge transfer and inter-institutional barriers to that transfer, as well as the poor outcomes of the responses to kidnappings by the public sector. The overall picture emerging is that the transfer of high-security information is not as fluid as we might think. There are informal processes and practices that influence the transfer and application of knowledge and my data demonstrate the detail and complexity around the type of knowledge work police engage in.
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Dargent, Bocanegra Eduardo. "Crime and press in Lima: Analysis of the role of the press during a «wave» of kidnappings (September-October 2003)." Revista de Ciencia Política y Gobierno, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/53704.
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El artículo analiza una supuesta «ola de secuestros» que la prensa escrita limeña reportó entre septiembre y octubre de 2003, y cuyo punto más alto fue el secuestro, por más de un mes, del menor Luis Guillermo Ausejo (LGA). Este evento permite documentar y analizar la forma en que se construye desde la prensa una imagen distorsionada del crimen y cómo puede afectar la percepción del público y las autoridades. En este caso se aprecia cómo la prensa seria de Lima exageró al reportar algunos secuestros producidos en la ciudad, incrementando la emergencia social, además de atraer el interés político sobre el tema.
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Drago, Elliott. "NEITHER NORTHERN NOR SOUTHERN: THE POLITICS OF SLAVERY AND FREEDOM IN PHILADELPHIA, 1820-1847." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/428229.
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History<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation examines the conflict over slavery and freedom in Philadelphia from 1820 to 1847. As the northernmost southern city in a state that bordered three slave states, Philadelphia maintained a long tradition of abolitionism and fugitive slave activity. Conflicts that arose over fugitive slaves and the kidnapping of free African-Americans forced Philadelphians to confront the politics of slavery. This dissertation argues that until 1847, Pennsylvania was in effect a slave state. The work of proslavery groups, namely slave masters, their agents, white and black kidnappers, and local, state, and national political supporters, undermined the ostensible successes of state laws designed to protect the freedom of African-Americans in Pennsylvania. Commonly referred to as “liberty laws,” this legislation exposed the inherent difficulty in determining the free or enslaved status of not only fugitive slaves but also African-American kidnapping victims. By studying the specific fugitive or kidnapping cases that inspired these liberty laws, one finds that time and again African-Americans and their allies forced white politicians to grapple with the reality that Pennsylvania was not a safe-haven for African-Americans, regardless of their condition of bondage or freedom. Furthermore, these cases often precipitated into desperate rescues and bloody riots on the streets of Philadelphia; these civil wars in miniature reflected the negotiated and compromised realities of living while black in the city. Ordinary African-Americans living in Philadelphia bore the burden of comity, or friendly relations between states, by practicing what I term “street diplomacy”: the up-close and personal struggles over freedom and slavery that had local, state, and national ramifications. In a larger sense, street diplomacy in Philadelphia magnified the stakes of national comity, i.e. the Union, by showcasing how dividing states by their condition of bondage remained impossible due to permeable geographic borders that fostered perpetual fugitive slave and kidnapping crises. Thus, this dissertation argues that African-Americans and their allies’ struggles with slave-masters, slave-catchers, kidnappers and proslavery politicians disrupted the best efforts of white politicians to maintain a compromised and compromising Union.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Büchele, Sandra. "The protection of transfrontier access rights : a comparative analysis of the relevant international legal frameworks." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82655.
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"Internal globalization" has become a common phenomenon which, among other things, has increased the number of mixed-national couples due to the greater mobility of people and the globalization of trade and commerce. Unanticipated difficulties can follow from the breakdown of such relationships for both children and parents if the custodial parent leaves the family's former habitual residence with the child. This is especially true for the left-behind parent.<br>The starting point for this study was the discussion among experts as to whether an Additional Protocol to the 1980 Child Abduction Convention might resolve the inherent weak protection of access rights. To answer this question concerning the necessity of such an Additional Protocol, this thesis provides an overview of the relevant existing and future international legal frameworks that address child protection and parental responsibilities and shows the evolution in child law from a formerly neglected issue to a high-profile topic. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Griggs, James Leonard. "Claims making in the case study of missing children: A case study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/514.
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Oliveira, Ivete Maria Santos. "Do vapor ao sapatinho: organização das quadrilhas e gerenciamento de vítimas de roubos a banco." Programa de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10367.
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer a atuação de quadrilhas de assaltantes e seqüestradores que vêm vitimizando agências de banco e trabalhadores bancários do estado da Bahia. Estas quadrilhas são analisadas nos aspectos da organização, modos de atuação e técnicas de gerenciamento de vítimas. Foram realizadas 40 entrevistas: 26 com assaltantes presos (incluindo 2 mulheres), 10 com bancários vítimas destes crimes, 3 com funcionários do núcleo de segurança do banco e 1 com um delegado de polícia. Dada à classificação internacional dos assaltantes em profissionais, intermediários e amadores, o estudo evidencia a preponderância dos profissionais na amostra estudada. O profissionalismo das quadrilhas brasileiras, que pode ser explicado pela disponibilidade de elevados volumes de dinheiro nas agências retalhistas, se manifesta no agenciamento de recursos, no planejamento meticuloso das ações e no uso instrumental da violência para lograrem os seus objetivos. O trabalho discute as relações entre as quadrilhas e os bancários que operam as agências, levando em conta os tipos, formas e efeitos imediatos da violência empregada nas modalidades do assalto e da extorsão por meio de seqüestro. Conclui defendendo a melhoria da segurança das agências bancárias por meio da redução do numerário disponível e da incorporação de novos dispositivos de proteção do patrimônio e dos funcionários.<br>Salvador
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Wojcik, Aleksandra, and Alva Rydberg. "“Han är för vass, intellektuellt sett, för sitt eget bästa” : En kvalitativ gestaltningsanalys om hur fallet med “Bunkerläkaren" gestaltades i Kvällsposten och Kristianstadsbladet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100347.
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On September 12, 2015, a 37-year-old doctor named Martin Trenneborg kidnapped a woman from Stockholm named Isabel Eriksson. He locked her in a bunker on his yard in Östra Göringe kommun. The woman was reported missing and six days after the kidnapping, Martin Trenneborg and Isabel Eriksson returned to Stockholm to tell the police that she was ok. Later that day she managed to tell the police that she was kidnapped. Martin Trenneborg was later sentenced to eight years in prison. The aim of this study is to examine how the case is framed in two Swedish newspapers and examine the differences between tabloids and broadsheets. This study examines the media coverage of this case in the two newspapers Kvällsposten and Kristianstadsbladet. Previous studies shows that there is a difference between tabloids and broadsheet. It also shows that there is a difference between how victims and perpetrators are portrayed, which can be connected to media stereotypes of the “ideal victim” and the “ideal perpetrator”. Through a qualitative framing analysis, we examine how Martin Trenneborg, Isabel Eriksson and the case is framed in the two Swedish newspapers. The conclusion of this study matches with the previous research. It can be said that there are both similarities and differences between Kvällsposten and Kristianstadsbladet. Both newspapers chose to report on the same events but in different ways. What seperated them were the sensational expressions in the tabloids. The victim and the offender were portrayed differently in both newspapers depending on what the article focused on, as the study’s frames prove.
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Medeiros, Graziella Ferrari de 1976. "Sequestros de bancários e seus impactos psicossociais na saúde do trabalhador." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313071.
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Orientador: Sergio Roberto de Lucca<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T03:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Esse estudo busca compreender um tipo de violência específica que atinge um número cada vez maior de bancários, que é o sequestro de funcionários e seus familiares para retirar o dinheiro diretamente dos cofres dos Bancos Financeiros. O trabalhador vitima do sequestro apresenta transtornos mentais graves após a ocorrência desse tipo de violência comprometendo seu desempenho profissional e psicossocial. Cabe ressaltar que o cenário atual do setor bancário apresenta uma organização precária devido ao intenso processo de reestruturação do trabalho, intensificado a partir dos anos 90, com objetivo de adaptação ao mercado financeiro altamente competitivo, impactando diretamente na saúde ocupacional dessa população. Os principais Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais verificados nos afastamentos de bancários segundo as estatísticas da Previdência Social são: depressão, transtorno de adaptação e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). O desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa se deu a partir de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro bancários vítimas de sequestro e foram compreendidas a partir do referencial metodológico da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o impacto psicossocial negativo do sequestro na vida das vitimas agravadas pelo inadequado manejo destas ocorrências contribuindo para as manifestações de transtornos psíquicos após o evento traumático. Com esse estudo, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de intervenções nas práticas organizacionais, na preservação da segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores bancários. A gravidade desse tipo de violência ao trabalhador deve também receber maior atenção da Saúde e Segurança Pública<br>Abstract: This study looks for a specific type of violence affecting an increasing number of employees of banks, which is the kidnapping of employees and their families to withdraw money directly from the vaults of the banks. The victim of the kidnapping, if the bank employee, has severe mental disorders after the occurrence of such violence, jeopardizing their professional and psychosocial performance. It is noteworthy that scenario it's banking sector is precarious in Brazil, due to the intense process of restructuring work, intensified since the 90s , in order to adapt to the highly competitive financial market, impacting directly on the occupational health of this population . Major mental and behavioral disorders seen in this type of occupation, leading to absenteeism, are according to statistics of Brazilian Social Welfare: depression, adjustment disorder and disorder post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The development of this research takes place from interviews with four bank officials who were kidnapped. These interviews are then understood from the methodological framework of content analysis, and the results obtained may contribute to the triggering of interventions on organizational practices in preserving the health and safety of bank employees. The severity of this type of violence to workers should also receive greater attention from the Health and Public Safety in Brazil<br>Mestrado<br>Epidemiologia<br>Mestra em Saúde Coletiva
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Azevedo, Letícia Rodrigues de. "Do medo de morrer ao medo no viver: um estudo sobre o sequestro relâmpago e suas vítimas." Instituto de Saúde Coletiva-ISC, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18020.
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TESE Leticia Azevedo. 2015.pdf: 1407474 bytes, checksum: 007588f254324a55b93e9fc4c9df645a (MD5)<br>O presente trabalho busca conhecer a experiência de vitimização e repercussões do sequestro relâmpago, procurando uma compreensão sobre as interações que permeiam o evento vitimógenoe suas características como delito. Para cumprir o desafio, estudamos o fenômeno a partir de quatro objetivos específicos: caracterizar os eventos de sequestro relâmpago; analisar as vitimizações secundárias; compreender a influência do sequestro relâmpagono curso de vida e saúde das vítimas; e conhecer as repercussões nos familiares das vítimas.O estudo possui um desenho metodológico qualitativo, com entrevistas individuais, guiadas por roteirossemi-estruturados. Participaram da pesquisa 35 vítimas, quatro familiares e quatro ofensores cujas entrevistas geraram dados posteriormente triangulados com reportagens de jornais e observações de campo realizadas na delegacia e na penitenciária. O sequestro relâmpago manifesta-se, ainda na década de 1990, como uma modalidade de violência criminal cujas vítimas são submetidas a um enquadramento coercitivo e mantidas reféns dentro do veículo. Firma-se como um delito moldado pela realidade das cidades cada vez mais ajustadas à sociedade do consumo, e seus objetivos são em grande parte instrumentais, voltados à aquisição material e financeira. Os episódios são geridos majoritariamente por ameaças à integridade física, mas podem ser compostos por violências mais expressivas, particularmente as sexuais, denotando mais um mecanismo de reprodução da violência de gênero. Ofensores e vítimas desenvolvem um contrato coercitivo-cooperativo que rege suas expectativas e atitudes, propondo uma transação na qual há conversão dos bens obtidos em garantia de integridade física das vítimas. A maioria das vítimas coopera, aderindo ao contrato e negociando seus termos. Elas “trabalham a mente” dos ofensores e tentam criar empatia. O não cumprimento do contrato pelos ofensores ou a ausência de um que assegure minimamente a intenção instrumental do delito pode implicar em tentativa de reação e fuga por parte da vítima. Após a vitimização, o ex-refém geralmente percorre um itinerário de reparação e cuidados que começa pela delegacia de polícia e pode ou não prosseguir por outros órgãos públicos ou empresas – judiciário, seguradora do veículo, estabelecimento onde ocorreu a captura, etc. Raramente se recorre a serviços de saúde pois não há o “dano ao corpo”. Nestes espaços, é recorrente a exposição a vitimizações secundárias. As vítimas engajam-se em mecanismos de enfrentamento como resposta à vitimização. Elas engendram defesas e criam seus próprios “manuais de segurança” para protegerem a si e aqueles com quem compartilham laços afetivos. Familiares e amigos são fundamentais na co-construção de novos sentidos e ressignificação da experiência. As crenças religiosas e a necessidade de se retomar as obrigações da vida, como o trabalho e o cuidado com a família também mobilizam ao enfrentamento contínuo da vitimização. Nesse processo, os próprios familiares sofrem vitimização indireta, apresentando,muitas vezes, repercussões semelhantes às da vítima direta e ansiedade atrelada à possibilidade de perda do familiar sequestrado. Isto os impulsiona a reconfigurar a própria concepção de mundo e relação com o ente amado, pois a vida fica “marcada”.
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Cardinalli, Ida Elizabeth. "Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático: um estudo fenomenológico-existencial da violência urbana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15033.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-06<br>Urban violence is currently a complex and worrying issue so much so that
national and international organizations have been calling for studies in its various
aspects. This research was developed with a focus on the impact of urban violence on
the health and illness of its victims, based on an overriding concern: explaining and
clarifying the meaning and significance of the experience of those who suffered urban
violence, such as hold-up and/or express kidnapping.
The methodology was based on the existential-phenomenological thinking, in
particular Martin Heidegger s, who understands human existence as being-there and
being-in-the-world, seeking to understand the experience of victims of urban violence in
its entirety. The methods used included interviews with three participants and focal
psychotherapy with one with 23 sessions of 50 minutes each. The participants were two
men and one woman, all married, and aged between 48 to 53 years. The analysis of the
results was organized along two axes: thematic and temporal.
The results suggest that the victims of hold-up or express kidnapping show
significant distress, when the experience of violence remains trapped in the sense of
risk, threat and danger. The impact of violence can also affect the understanding of
oneself, of others and the world with the sudden approach of the dimensions of
unpredictability, precariousness and vulnerability resulting from a situation of violence.
The discussion of the results is extended to possible applications in the Public Health
Service. Topics for future research that articulate Clinical Psychology and urban
violence are also listed. (Supported by CEPE/PUC-SP)<br>A violência urbana é uma problemática complexa e preocupante na atualidade,
tanto que os organismos internacionais e nacionais têm solicitado estudos da suas
diversas facetas. O desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa focalizou o impacto da
violência urbana na saúde e adoecimento em suas vítimas, pautado pela questão
norteadora: explicitar e esclarecer o sentido e os significados da experiência de quem
sofreu violência urbana como assalto e/ou sequestros relâmpago ou de curta duração.
A metodologia foi baseada no pensamento fenomenológico-existencial, em
particular, de Martin Heidegger, que entende o existir humano como ser-aí e ser-nomundo,
buscando compreender a experiência da vítima de violência urbana em sua
totalidade. Os métodos utilizados foram entrevistas de três participantes e a psicoterapia
focal de um deles, com 23 sessões de 50 minutos cada uma. Os participantes foram dois
homens e uma mulher, todos casados, entre 48 a 53 anos. A análise dos resultados foi
organizada em dois eixos: temáticos e temporais.
Os resultados sugerem que as vítimas de assalto e sequestros relâmpago ou de
curta duração mostram sofrimento significativo, quando a experiência de violência
permanece aprisionada no sentido de risco, ameaça e perigo. O impacto da violência
pode abalar, ainda, a compreensão de si mesmo, do outro e do mundo com a
aproximação abrupta das dimensões de imprevisibilidade, precariedade e
vulnerabilidade abertas pela situação de violência. A discussão dos resultados é
ampliada para possíveis aplicações no Serviço Público de Saúde. São indicados também
temas para futuras pesquisas que articulem a Psicologia Clínica e a violência urbana.
(Apoio CEPE/PUC-SP)
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Netzler, Charlotte. "Bortförande av barn : ur några drabbade föräldrars perspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192378.
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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka några föräldrars upplevelser kring bortförandet av deras barn och hur stöd och hjälp från samhället upplevs. Tidigare forskning pekar på att kvarlämnade föräldrar drabbas svårt av ett bortförande då det orsakar emotionell stress. En del av forskningen som inriktar sig på riskfaktorer och kännetecken för bortföranden visar att bortföranden ofta äger rum i samband med vårdnadstvister och föregås av hot. Kvarlämnade föräldrar drabbas också ekonomiskt av ett bortförande. Forskning tyder också på att det finns brister i stöd och hjälp för drabbade föräldrar. Denna forskning utgår från en internationell kontext och myndigheter i engelskspråkiga länder. Då antalet bortföranden fortsätter att öka i Sverige finns anledning att uppmärksamma och studera frågan då det finns väldigt lite svensk forskning om bortförande av barn. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av intervjuer med fem föräldrar som drabbats av ett bortförande, där den andra föräldern bortfört barnet till utlandet. Intervjumaterialet har bearbetats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Aaron Antonovskys teori KASAM – Känsla av sammanhang, utgör studiens teoretiska referensram.Studiens resultat visade att föräldrarna upplevde bortförandet som en kris. Majoriteten av föräldrarna hade upplevt varningssignaler med bland annat hot från den bortförande föräldern innan bortförandet. Föräldrarna upplevde även skuldkänslor relaterat till detta. De reagerade på olika sätt på bortförandet. Reaktionerna innebar bland annat sömnsvårigheter, oro, chock, panik, ångest, sorg och saknad. Vidare visar resultatet att föräldrarna upplevde att svenska myndigheter inte gjorde tillräckligt för att hjälpa dem. Bortförandet innebar stora ekonomiska kostnader de själva fick betala och de efterfrågade även bättre psykosocialt stöd. Slutsatsen är att föräldrarna upplevde bortförandet som en kris som de kände sig maktlösa i då de upplevde att de inte fick det stöd och den hjälp de behövde från det svenska samhället.<br>This bachelor thesis aims to investigate a few parents' experiences of the parental abduction of their children and how they experience support and help from society. Previous research indicates that left-behind parents experience emotional stress and that the abduction of their children can be traumatic. Parts of the existing research focouses on risk factors and shows that parental abductions often occur in connection to a child-custody case, and with threats from the other parent. The abductions affect the left-behind parents' economic well-being. Research about parental support and authority responses also indicates that support needs to be extended and improve. This research was conducted in international contexts and related to authorities in the English-speaking world. Because of the increasing cases of parental abduction in Sweden, and that little research has been conducted about the left-behind parents' experinces in Sweden, there is a reason to investigate this in this bachelor thesis. Interviews have been carried out with five parents whose children have been abducted by the other parent to another country. The theoretical framework of the study is Aaron Antonovsky's theory Sense of Coherence (SOC). The analysis suggests that the parents experienced that the abduction of their children was a life crisis. The majority of the parents had seen alarming signs, and gotten threats from the other parent before the abduction. These findings confirmed previous research. The parents experienced feelings of guilt related to the alarming signs. The parents also felt powerless and stated that the Swedish authoritys, and society, did not do enough to help them.
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Lollia, Fabrice. "Aide à la décision en situation de crise. Les nouvelles technologies pour la prévention sécuritaire des entreprises : limites et opportunités." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0031.
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Le contexte sécuritaire actuel montre aujourd’hui des difficultés croissantes pour l’entreprise en termes de protection de ses collaborateurs (expatriés, voyageurs d’affaires). Les risques connus antérieurement, tels que le kidnapping contre rançon, perdurent, se développent et connaissent de nouvelles formes, tant humaines que matérielles et immatérielles. En effet, le kidnapping, qu’il soit humain, matériel ou immatériel, connaît de nombreuses formes et s’adapte selon l’objectif des auteurs, la culture du pays et son niveau sociopolitique. Face à ce fléau, l’entreprise est très ciblée tant par les auteurs que par les recours juridiques exercés contre elle en termes de responsabilité. Il s’agit donc d’un risque omniprésent, et seule une attitude proactive pourrait y remédier ou au moins le diminuer. Après avoir étudié précisément le kidnapping contre rançon et ses apports théoriques divers, nous l’avons analysé en utilisant en partie la grille de lecture de la sémiotique situationnelle d’Alex Mucchielli, les recherches de Rachel Briggs en sciences politiques, et les apports de la psychologie sociale avec notamment le syndrome de Stockholm. Tout au long de cette thèse en recherche-action, nous avons utilisé une méthode d’enquête exploratoire avec un positionnement interprétatiste et situationniste. Méthode qui, selon nous, est la plus adaptée pour l’étude du domaine de la sécurité. Nous avons ensuite créé une solution numérique nommée « application de prévention sécuritaire pour expatriés et voyageurs d’affaires » (APSEV) afin de donner un sens concret et opérationnel à nos travaux. Cette solution a été testée et validée en mission de protection au sein de l’ambassade de France en Afghanistan. Mais, au-delà de sa création, nous avons exploré son impact dans l’ambassade en termes d’interactions humaines. L’outil a été accepté par certains se sentant protégés et refusé par d’autres se sentant surveillés. Cette nouvelle technologie de sécurité dérange par son activité de géolocalisation dont le sens diverge selon les individus. Le problème sécuritaire du kidnapping contre rançon ne peut donc être résolu que par la création d’une solution numérique de géolocalisation adaptée et prenant en compte les effets sur les interactions humaines, qui permettront d’en faire un usage adéquat<br>The current security context shows difficulties for the company in the protection of these employees (expatriates, business travelers). Previously known risks such as kidnapping against perdition are developing and experiencing new human forms that material and immaterial. Indeed, the kidnapping that is human, material or immaterial knows many forms of appearance and adapts according to The esperancy is followed against it in terms of responsibility. It is therefore only an omnipresent risk of which only one proactive attitude could be to reduce the risk. After studying, the kidnapping against deployment and its theoretical contributions. We were analyzed using part of the reading grid of the situational semiotics of Alex Mucchielli. Throughout this page in search action used method on main-exploration exploration with a situation Method that is most suitable for studying the field of security. We then created a digital solution Application of prevention for expatriates and corporate travelers (APSEV) to give a concrete and operational meaning to our work. This solution has been tested and validated as a protection mission at the Embassy of France in Afghanistan. But beyond its creation we explored its impact in the embassy in terms of human interaction. Accepted by some who feel protected and denied by others who feel guarded. This new security technology is disturbing because of its geolocation activity, whose meaning varies from one individual to another. The security problem of kidnapping against ransom can only be solved by the creation of a suitable geolocalisation digital solution without taking into account the effects on human interactions that will make it suitable for use
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Arvidsson, Joel. "Coffee, Cocaine and Kidnappings : Swedish media's portrayal of the Colombian conflict." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157070.
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The Colombian society is heading towards a new political dawn with the signing of the peace accord between the government and the Marxist guerrilla Farc in 2016. The civil war between the guerrilla and the Colombian state broke out in the 1960´s, and has gathered a lot of media attention over the years. This thesis will focus on how Swedish media has portrayed the conflict, and what frames they are using – a frame that is focusing on peace or a frame that focus on war? The study will be carried out with a qualitative content analysis method based on Johan Galtung’s Peace Journalism theory, examining 148 articles published by Svenska Dagbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Expressen on the subject of the Colombian conflict during the years 1995, 2002, 2009 and 2017.
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Holanda, Gabriela Ferreira Pinto de. "A proteção dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes nos casos de sequestro internacional : uma análise acerca dos julgamentos proferidos pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça brasileiro entre os anos de 2007 e 2017." Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8602.
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The central objective of this study is to analyze if there is an effective protection of
children’s and teenager’s rights in cases of international kidnapping. Brazil, one of
the signatory countries to the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child
Abduction, better known as The Hague Convention (1980), since 2000, through
Decree no. 3.413 / 2000, uses the Convention as a basis for cases of child abduction
or kidnapping, which occurs when the child is taken to another country without the
consent of one of the parents, triggering a subsequent custody dispute. The
aforementioned international legislation establishes that, when verifying the actual
occurrence of abduction or abduction of minors, they must be returned as quickly as
possible to the country where they habitually reside, and the superior interest of the
children should be prioritized. However, the great question that arises is whether the
Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (STJ), when assessing the demands in question,
has prioritized the protection of the rights of these vulnerable beings. For the
development of the present work, a theoretical research was carried out, which
served as a foundation for the construction of the second stage, of an empirical
nature, in which a mapping of the decisions rendered by the Brazilian STJ in the last
ten years was developed, in the assessment of the claims in which the subtraction or
abduction of minors is discussed with the application of the aforementioned
convention. With the studies concluded, it is hoped to find the balance point between
the application of The Hague Convention and the effective protection of the rights of
children and adolescents in the demands arising from illegal subtraction at the
international level.<br>Analisar a ocorrência da efetiva proteção dos direitos das crianças e dos
adolescentes nos casos de sequestro internacional é o objetivo central deste estudo.
O Brasil, como um dos países signatários da Convenção sobre os Aspectos Civis do
Sequestro Internacional de Crianças, mais conhecida como Convenção de Haia
(1980), desde o ano 2000, através do Decreto nº. 3.413/2000, utiliza-a como
fundamento para os casos de subtração ou sequestro de crianças ou adolescentes,
que ocorre quando o infante é conduzido para outro país sem o consentimento de
um dos genitores, desencadeando uma posterior disputa de guarda. A mencionada
legislação internacional determina que, ao se verificar a efetiva ocorrência de
subtração ou sequestro de menores de idade, estes devem ser devolvidos, com a
maior celeridade possível, para o país que residiam habitualmente, devendo-se
priorizar o seu superior interesse. Entretanto, o grande questionamento que surge é
se o Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) brasileiro, ao apreciar as demandas em
apreço, tem primado pela proteção dos direitos desses seres vulneráveis. Para o
desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, realizou-se, em princípio, uma pesquisa
teórica, que serviu de alicerce para a construção da segunda etapa, de natureza
empírica, na qual foi efetuado um mapeamento das decisões proferidas pelo STJ
brasileiro nos últimos dez anos, na apreciação das demandas em que se discute a
subtração ou sequestro de crianças com a aplicação da aludida convenção. Esperase,
com os estudos empreendidos, que seja encontrado um ponto de equilíbrio entre
a aplicação da Convenção de Haia e a efetiva proteção dos direitos das crianças e
dos adolescentes nas demandas decorrentes da subtração ilegal no âmbito
internacional.<br>São Cristóvão, SE
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Palazzolo, Ândrea Cristina Pimentel. "Instituições de Sequestro em Michel Foucault." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20973.
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-06<br>The present study consists of a theoretical exercise, of a bibliographic character, destined to compose a
master's thesis in Philosophy. The theme chosen is intended to accompany the reflections of Michel
Foucault (1926-1984) on the so-called "kidnapping institutions". The way forward is to follow the
footsteps of Michel Foucault's trajectory from his broader scope (the general panorama of his
thinking) to the particular theme of "kidnapping institutions", especially through the moment of that
trajectory in which they appear explicitly. To achieve such a purpose, there is an introduction about the
intellectual path of the philosopher in (his) three moments, followed by the discipline and its
generalization. Then, the study focuses the appearance of a disciplinary society, researching the "kidnapping
institutions" in Modernity, in order to answer the question: after all, what is the very first
function of "kidnapping institutions"?<br>O presente estudo consiste em um exercício teórico, de caráter bibliográfico, destinado a compor uma
dissertação de mestrado em Filosofia. O tema escolhido tem o intuito de acompanhar as reflexões de
Michel Foucault ( 1926-1984) sobre as assim chamadas “instituições de sequestro”. O caminho percorrido
busca seguir os passos da trajetória de Michel Foucault desde seu âmbito maior ( o panorama
geral do seu pensamento) até o tema particular das “ instituições de sequestro” , passando, especialmente
pelo momento daquela trajetória na qual elas aparecem de modo explícito. Para tanto há uma
introdução sobre a trajetória intelectual do filósofo em seus três momentos. Trata-se, em seguida, da
disciplina e sua generalização. Na sequência, o estudo explicita o surgimento da sociedade disciplinar,
para, então, investigar as “instituições de sequestro”, na Modernidade, e responder à pergunta: afinal,
qual é a função precípua das “instituições de sequestro” ?
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Gimenes, Junior Efézio de Siqueira. "Ensino de comportamentos de segurança para pessoas diagnosticadas com autismo: uma revisão da literatura." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16766.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-04<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>While there are a lot of applied researches focused in teaching different behaviors to people with autism, few of these studies have as focus safety behaviors. After identify studies that taught safety behaviors, this review had as objective, to identify variables responsible for the effectiveness in procedures to teach safety behavior for such people. Studies focused on safety behavior instruction were selected of databases Portal periódicos CAPES, ERIC, PubMed, PsycNET, Wiley Online Library and Science Direct, the main keywords used were autism and safety, were found 36 articles, and after a extensive lecture of references, were found three thesis and dissertations, which added are equal to 39 studies. The results indicated that more than a half of the studies were published between the years of 2008 and 2015 in North American institutions, indicating a tendency of interest in the topic on recent years, especially, about elopement. Of 39 studies, 34 were applied researches and in 32 of these was used single subject design, although there were limitations on the stability criteria in the baseline, even when studies were published in JABA. The main target behaviors studied were elopement, which were specially studied in the recent years, pedestrian behaviors and prevention of lures for strangers. The major participants with autism were children and adolescents from 2 to 15 years. In 36 studies were used 22 evidence-based practices, combined in various ways; the most common practices was reinforcement, prompting, discrete trail and functional analysis. In conclusion, in 36 studies where evidence-based practices were used, were changes in the behavior of the participants after the intervention, however there are limitations on the target behavior generalization planning and the extent of follow-up after completion of the intervention<br>Embora haja grande quantidade de pesquisas aplicadas dirigidas a ensinar diferentes comportamentos a pessoas com autismo, poucas destas pesquisas tiveram como foco o ensino de comportamentos de segurança. Na presente revisão, após a identificação de estudos que ensinavam comportamentos de segurança, teve-se como objetivo identificar variáveis responsáveis pela eficácia de procedimentos de ensino de tais comportamentos para esse público-alvo. Foram selecionados trabalhos que pretenderam ensinar comportamentos de segurança nas bases de dados Portal periódicos CAPES, ERIC, PubMed, PsycNET, Willey Online Library e Science Direct e os principais descritores utilizados foram autism e safety. Foram encontrados 36 relatos de pesquisa, e o esgotamento bibliográfico permitiu identificar três teses e dissertações, que somados, totalizaram 39 estudos. Os resultados indicaram que mais da metade dos estudos publicados o foram entre os anos de 2008 e 2015 e seus autores estavam filiados a instituições norte americanas, indicando uma tendência de interesse no tema nos últimos anos. Dos 39 trabalhos, 34 eram pesquisas aplicadas e em 32 delas foi utilizado um delineamento de sujeito único, embora houvesse limitações nos critérios de estabilidade da linha de base, mesmo quando os estudos foram publicações do periódico JABA. Os principais comportamentos-alvo estudados foram afastar-se de uma área sem supervisão de um cuidador, que foi especialmente investigado nos últimos anos, o comportamento de pedestre e de prevenção da aproximação de estranhos potencialmente perigosos, majoritariamente com participantes crianças e adolescentes dos 2 aos 15 anos. Os procedimentos de ensino utilizados combinaram diferentes práticas baseadas em evidências, derivadas da análise do comportamento e as principais foram reforçamento, hierarquia de dicas, tentativa discreta e análise funcional. Concluiu-se que em todos os 36 estudos em que foram utilizadas práticas baseadas em evidências houve mudanças substanciais no comportamento dos participantes após a intervenção, embora houvesse limitações quanto ao planejamento da generalização do comportamento-alvo e da medida de sua manutenção após o término da intervenção
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Emery, Arnaud. "L'otage en sauvetage : étude juridique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3006.
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Les prises d’otages sont nées le jour où l’homme a compris qu’il pouvait manipuler le lien émotionnel unissant deux individus afin de les forcer à lui céder une contrepartie. Forme de criminalité aussi ancienne que complexe, la prise d’otage fascine autant qu’elle inquiète depuis que les victimes sont régulièrement sacrifiées sur l’autel du conflit opposant ravisseurs et autorités négociatrices. À l’inverse de l’impact médiatique hors-norme qu’elles génèrent, ces crises semblent susciter une relative indifférence auprès des juristes et de la doctrine. Ce sujet qui semble échapper au droit touche pourtant à sa raison d’être : la protection du plus faible, la recherche du bien commun et de la paix. Ces travaux de recherches essaient de poser les jalons d’une réflexion juridique sur les questions allant de l’usage de la force armée en opération de sauvetage à la légalité des rançons en passant par la négociation de crise ou le rôle du juge. Les hypothèses émises sont systématiquement confrontées à l’avis des opérateurs rencontrés dans le cadre de ces travaux. In fine l’auteur pose un regard prospectif sur le cadre juridique entourant les opérations de sauvetage d’otage. À travers ce prisme cette thèse questionne les limites de l’État de droit et les appareils antiterroristes de nos sociétés<br>Hostage-taking began when man realized that he could manipulate the emotional bond between two individuals in order to force their hand and obtain an advantage. Hostage-taking is a crime extremely old and complex. It has started to fascinate our societies so much since victims have begun to be regularly sacrificed by kidnappers and negotiating authorities alike. Unlike the extraordinary media frenzy they generate, these crises seem to arouse relative indifference among lawyers and doctrine. This subject, which seems to elude the law, touches on its raison d'être: the protection of the weakest, the search for the common good and peace.This research work attempts to lay the groundwork for legal reflection on issues ranging from the use of armed force in rescue operations, to the legality of ransoms, to crisis negotiation and the role of the judge. The hypotheses put forward are systematically compared with the opinions of the operators met in the course of this work. Finally, the author takes a forward-looking look at the legal framework surrounding hostage rescue operations. Through this prism, this thesis questions the limits of the rule of law and the anti-terrorist apparatus of our societies
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Santos, Eduardo Ferreira. "Avaliação da magnitude do transtorno de estresse em vítimas de sequestro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-24012007-164026/.
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Considerando que estamos vivendo em São Paulo e em todos os Estados do Brasil, um brutal estado de insegurança pública, vemos o crime de seqüestro (tanto na sua modalidade clássica de manter a vítima em cativeiro por período de tempo variável até o pagamento de resgate, quanto à modalidade conhecida como \"seqüestro-relâmpago\", no qual a vítima fica em poder dos criminosos por poucas horas, enquanto eles agem sobre caixas eletrônicos de bancos e as ameaçam de várias maneiras) atingir um grande número de pessoas com conseqüências graves para o desempenho de suas funções existenciais pós-seqüestro. Este trabalho mostra, através de Entrevistas Estruturadas e Escalas de Avaliação, que o grau de magnitude do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático que acomete vítimas de ambos os tipos de seqüestro atinge picos suficientemente elevados e que devem receber maior atenção tanto em nível de Saúde Pública quanto Segurança Pública.<br>Considering that we are living in Sao Paulo and all others States of Brazil, a brutal state of public unsafeness, we see the kidnapping crime (not only in its classical modality of keeping the victim in captivity for a variable period of time until the rescue payment, but also in the modality known as \"lightning-kidnapping\", in which the victim remains under the criminal´ s arrest for few hours, while they act on cash machines and threaten the victims) reaching a great number of people with serious consequences for the performance of their post-sequestration existential functions. This work shows that the magnitude level of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that attacks kidnapping victims reaches sufficiently high peaks, that must receive more attention, not only in terms of Public Health but also Public Security.
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Skaff, Charbel. "Les manifestations psychopathologiques chez les mères des enlevés de la guerre libanaise (1975-1990) : du complexe de Pénélope au deuil paradoxal." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG009/document.
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La Guerre Civile libanaise (1975-1990) fut notamment marquée par l’enlèvement de militaires mais aussi de civils. Depuis la loi d’Amnistie de 1991, nous examinerons précisément les répercussions sur la santé psychique de familles d’enlevés, grâce à des entretiens non directifs et la collecte de récits poétiques comme épistolaires, selon la lecture du TAT. La justice transitionnelle est une prospective de reconstruction du Liban. Elle permettrait de lever le voile d’ignorance sur le sort des disparus, pour faciliter le processus de deuil. Mais pour l’heure, les familles souffrent du silence de l’Etat qui enterre l’histoire du Liban, ceci tant que le sort des disparus demeurera inidentifiable. En dépit de ce silence qui annihile toute entreprise de séparation psychique entre les familles et les disparus, condamnant ainsi les mères libanaises à la répétition infinie du trauma, à l’instar de Pénélope tissant et détissant sans cesse les liens du linceul de Télémaque, celles-ci peuvent réaccoucher d’elles-mêmes ; et se tourner, en pleine conscience, vers un avenir, une destinée propre, via le processus du « deuil paradoxal ». Ce concept, loin d’abonder dans le sens de l’évitement ou du déni des disparus, consiste en une réapparition du moi des mères, dans l’opération psychosomatique de procéder au deuil, non de leurs proches, mais du traumatisme qui les avait de prime abord anéanties, jusqu’au vide dépressif. C’est, paradoxalement, grâce à leur fonctionnement limite que les mères des disparus libanais vont pouvoir opérer ce « retour » à leur moi qu’elles imaginaient perdu<br>The Lebanese Civil War (1975 - 1990) has been mainly remarkable as far as the kidnapping of soldiers as much as of civilians is concerned. Up to the 1991 Amnesty Law, we will precisely examine the consequential effects on psychic health on rapted families thanks to non guiding interwiews, and the gathering poetical or written accounts, according to the reading of TAT.The transitional justice is a prospective for the rebuild of Lebanon. It could help to clear the mist about the missing's fate, to help people to go out of mourning. But at the present time, the families are enduring the silence of the State, that is burying and forgetting the history of Lebanon, that the missing's fate will remain unestablished for ever. In spite of this silence that destroys any attempt of psychic breaking up between the families and the missings, blocking up that way the Lebanese mothers in the perpetual repetition of the trauma, like Penelope doing and undoing her work that consisted in weawing the shroud of Telemaque's father- in - law, they can deliver of herselves; and decide to look at a future, an own destiny, through the process of "paradoxal nourning".This concept,far from avoiding or denying the missings, consists in a new coming out of the mother's ego, in the psychosomatic way to initiate mourning not of the next of kin, but the traumatism that had prostrated them first up to the depressive emptyness. Paradoxically, bringing the mothers of Lebanese missings to their extreme limits will next allow them to get back to their ego that they imagined as lost for ever at first
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Reis, Ramiro José dos. "Operação Condor e o sequestro dos uruguaios nas ruas de um porto não muito alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56074.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os fatores que determinaram a peculiaridade histórica do sequestro dos uruguaios, ocorrido em novembro de 1978, na cidade de Porto Alegre no marco da conexão repressiva entre Brasil e Uruguai sob cobertura da Operação Condor. Para tanto, está dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo analisa o contexto do Cone Sul latino-americano nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, quando da implantação das ditaduras civil-militares de Segurança Nacional, bem como o início da conexão repressiva a partir do golpe de Estado no Brasil. A oficialização da Operação Condor, em 1975, qualificaria e redimensionaria essa experiência de colaboração regional, realidade até então, país a país. Ainda nesse primeiro momento, identificamos e avaliamos as principais características do operativo bem como a atuação do Uruguai e do Brasil dentro desse marco. O segundo capítulo aborda especificamente o sequestro dos uruguaios em Porto Alegre, desde a sua planificação no Uruguai até a sua execução na capital gaúcha. Para tanto, analisa a tentativa de organizar uma relativa resistência uruguaia, no Rio Grande do Sul, no final dos anos 1970, seus vínculos com a oposição brasileira e, consequentemente, a atuação repressiva conjunta do DOPS/RS e da Compañia de Contrainformaciones Estas estruturas repressivas foram o rosto do TDE regional contra Lilián, Universindo, Camilo e Francesca. Ainda no capítulo 2, apontamos e dissecamos as denominadas farsas diversionistas criadas para confundir a opinião pública, manipular a informação e inviabilizar a investigação e a responsabilização dos agentes e autoridades envolvidos no sequestro. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo analisa os desdobramentos do sequestro em Porto Alegre e destaca o protagonismo crucial da imprensa, da OAB-RS, da Assembleia Legislativa e do MJDH, gerando um clima inédito, até então, de ofensiva de setores democráticos junto à opinião pública e contra as políticas repressivas de silêncio ou tergiversação das ditaduras envolvidas. O capítulo abrange, finalmente, o momento da responsabilização do Estado brasileiro ante um crime de lesa-humanidade.<br>This dissertation has for objective to analyze the factors that determined the historical peculiarity of the kidnapping of Uruguayans, in November 1978, in Porto Alegre city in mark of repressive connection between Brazil and Uruguay under coverage of Operation Condor. This analyze is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the context of the South Cone of Latin American in the 1960s and 1970s, when the deployment of civil-militaries dictatorships of National Security, as well as the beginning of the repressive connection from of the coup of State in Brazil. The formalization of Condor Operation, in 1975, qualify resize and up that experience for regional collaboration, reality until so, country by country. Even at this first time, identify and evaluate the main features of operating as well as performance Uruguay and Brazil within that framework. The second chapter specifically the kidnapping of Uruguayans in Porto Alegre, since its planning in Uruguay until its execution in the state capital. It analyzes the attempt to organize a relative Uruguayan resistance in Rio Grande do Sul, in the final 1970s, theirs links with the Brazilian opposition and, consequently, the repressive actions joint of the DOPS / RS and Compañia de Contrainformaciones. These repressive structures were the face of regional TDE against Lilián, Universindo, Camilo and Francesca. Also in Chapter 2, point out and dissect the so-called diversionary hoaxes created to confuse public opinion, to manipulate the information and to make impossible the investigation and accountability of officers and officials authority involved in the kidnapping. Finally, the third chapter analyzes the implications of the kidnapping in Porto Alegre and bring out the crucial highlight of the press, of the OAB-RS, of the Legislature and of theMJDH, generating an unprecedented climate, until then, of offensive of democratic sectors join to public opinion and against the repressive politics of silence or misrepresentation of dictatorships involved. The chapter covers, finally, the moment of accountability of the Brazilian State face a crime against humanity.
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Ezeocha, Chisomaga Ihediohanma. "Consequences of the Niger Delta Amnesty Program Implementation on Nigeria's Upstream Petroleum Industry." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3158.
Full textAbstract:
The Niger Delta militancy ravaged the Nigerian upstream petroleum sector between 2004-2009, bringing it to a standstill. In response, the Nigerian state adopted an amnesty policy―a globally recognized tool for conflict resolution and peacebuilding―to protect the sector and the economy from collapse. Little is known, however, about the unintended consequences of the amnesty implementation for the Nigerian upstream petroleum sector. Thus, the purpose of this study was to fill this gap in the research literature on the Niger Delta amnesty program. Polarity management was the conceptual framework applied; relative deprivation and polarities of democracy constituted the theoretical foundation for this qualitative case study. Face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 29 purposefully selected participants from the senior ranks of the petroleum industry, sector trade unions, relevant government agencies, and a regional university. Data were inductively coded as part of content analysis, the data analysis strategy. Participants viewed the amnesty policy as being poorly conceived and implemented due to the many unintended negative consequences arising from the policy implementation. The key finding from the study indicates that both the sector and the Niger Delta region are worse off post the amnesty policy implementation. The study concludes that by adopting and implementing the study recommendations, stakeholders may be able to mitigate the identified unintended consequences, position the Nigerian upstream petroleum sector for sustainable growth, address the root causes of the militancy, and deliver a positive social change for the residents of Niger Delta.
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Wu, Ling-Wei, and 吳玲瑋. "The study of offenses of Kidnapping for Ransom." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47994204314183238554.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>法律學系<br>102<br>This paper discusses the motivation for practical insights and due to kidnapping for ransom doctrine have a different understanding, the main difference lies in the presence or absence of the protection of property crime legal interests.
In opinion of practice, the crime just purely attacks to the interest of freedom, but in doctrine, the crime attacks freedom and property both.
After chapter II I discuss the crime’s interest . In chapter III, I think that to construct the crime must need two elements, one is the intent to extort to someone, and the second is to abduct to someone. In our research , to extort is not just criminal’s intent but also the act. Because the crime also attacks the victim’s property. I also suggest that the intent to illegally possess must show in the law clearly.
I also discuss the difference between offense of kidnapping for ransom and considered to be committed the offense of kidnapping for ransom, if this two crime attack the same interest of law and have the same of elements to construct the crime, we can say that they are the same thing and may consider to delete one on law.
In the end of this paper, we discuss how to make a distinction between robbery and offense of kidnapping for ransom. Some says that offense of kidnapping for ransom is that the criminal of kidnapping one and extort the others. But I think that difference is offense of kidnapping for ransom has the highly degree of limitation to people’s freedom. So I think robbery and offense of kidnapping for ransom can be discriminated. There have no fuzzy space between them
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Chu, Hsiu-Wen, and 朱秀文. "A research on the criminal sentencing factors of kidnapping." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14228509406831865051.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>犯罪學研究所<br>95<br>Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate: the significant factors influenced in the course of judge's sentence, and formed the guidelines of the decision way of judge's sentencing by the angle of criminology and legal sociology. And then chose the judgment of Kidnapping in our country as the sample source of quantitative analysis. Documents were from the data of Taiwan, Great Britain and America. Three parts of this study were listed as follows:
1. At first, introduction the view of legal sociology scholar D. Black of U.S.A.
D. Black thought the purpose of legal sociology research was to classify all kinds of the possible factors influenced the law, to scientific prediction way, and according to different behavior types and the different degree of crime to offer different laws to handle.
2.Introduction the theory and legislative example that influenced sentencing guidelines, including the freedom judgment guidelines of our country, as well as sentencing guidelines of Great Britain and America, and then compared their advantages and shortcomings.
3. From the view of legal practice and sentence, the researcher introduced the legal and other factors that might influence the sentence. The design of this research was based on
content analysis method, and deducted limitation from this research. The researcher tried to encode the judgment of Kidnapping cases from August 1 , the 88th year of the Republic of China till December 31 , 2005 and went on statistical analysis. The result was found: the significant factors influenced in the Kidnapping sentencing were criminal's crime state and the characteristic of the injured and the degree of killing. The sentencing factors influenced in the judgment of Kidnapping in our country, besides legal sentencing factors, also including the factors outside the laws . Finally the stereotyped guidelines of Kidnapping sentencing built by stepwise regression showed power of explanation prediction in some degree.
The research offered some suggestions and research directions for future study reference: including the possibility of the law quantization studies, the possibility of other sentencing facts, to select what kind of sentencing guidelines, the trend research of the long-term sentencing, the influence on the contentious procedure, and the practice education and training for the judicial officer etc.
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Wu, Zong-Jin, and 吳宗晉. "Rebuilding Constitutive Requirement of the Crime of Kidnapping for Ransom." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61887869433401438184.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>法律學系<br>103<br>Property crimes exist all time. People want to get the property because they desire the wealth very much. Sometimes they get the property by the illegal way. One kind of property crime, The Crime of Kidnapping for Ransom, is an extremely serious offence.
People commit a crime of kidnapping for ransom maybe because the economic depression affected them. For example, Pai Hsiao-yen case, stochastic kidnap for ransom cases in Tainan. From these cases, people of the community fear this offense. Legislators legislate the article that a person who kidnaps another for the purpose to extort ransom shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for no less than seven years.
Theories and practice argue the difference of the kidnappings for ransom and robbery. The dispute is the focal point in this study. Theoretically, the crime of kidnapping for ransom should be composed of three aspects that are impartial constitutive requirements. If there are two aspects, this behavior is robbery. In practices, the behavior is judged as the crime of kidnapping for ransom by the person kidnapped who is moved to another place. This is stable argumentation, but it is improved possibly. This study considers the debate from Tatbestand (constitutive requirement) is insufficiently comprehended.
For the purpose of understanding that constitutive requirement of the crime of kidnapping for ransom, we need to find the Guidance of Image of the crime of kidnapping for ransom of constitutive requirement. This study searches the Crime of Quality from legal histories and foreign legislations, and it determines the kind of the legal interest of the crime of kidnapping for ransom. According to the legal interest of the crime of kidnapping for ransom, this study describes the Guidance of Image, and it could help to rebuild constitutive requirements of this offence. This study hopes to provide the solution to the practical problems.
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Bishop, Meghan Linsley. "Slave to Freewoman and Back Again: Kitty Payne and Antebellum Kidnapping." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1009.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.<br>Title from screen (viewed June 11, 2007). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-118).
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Tsai, Hsueh-Yi, and 蔡學誼. "Discussion on the Constitutive Requirements of the Crime of Kidnapping for Ransom." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22422119478098062918.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>法律學系<br>102<br>The Crime of Kidnapping for Ransom is an extremely serious offence in the nation’s criminal system, however extreme differences exist between theory and practice in the perception of the constitutive requirements of the crime of kidnapping for ransom. Thus, this paper attempts to once again deconstruct the necessary constitutive requirements of the crime of kidnapping for ransom based on the nature of the crime itself, as well as the systematic starting point of the crime according to criminal law, while at the same time making reference to historical legislative origins and legislative cases in Germany and Japan, combined with constitutional interpretations.
According to this paper, the cause of controversy regarding the crime of kidnapping for ransom is considered to be the oversimplified and brief legal text detailing the crime as, “those who intentionally hold somebody to ransom and kidnap people”. This means that making a differentiation with the crime of robbery is difficult in practice during a trial. Therefore, this paper believes that the crime of kidnapping for ransom should be composed of three aspects that are impartial constitutive requirements. Not only is it necessary to have exhibited behavior of “kidnapping people”, it is also necessary to have exhibited “ransoming” behavior. At the same time, the “ransomed individual” must be restricted to “a third party other than the kidnapped individual”. Only by interpreting the constitutive requirements for the crime of kidnapping for ransom in such a way can we clearly differentiate this crime from the crime of robbery, as well as solve various controversies with regards to theory and practical application of the law.
Finally, the crime of kidnapping for ransom was amended by the Legislative Yuan on June 18, 2014, but the amended portion was only a deletion of the statutory “death penalty” from the judgments. Regretfully no changes were made to the provisions of constitutive requirements. To provide a source of reference for future amendments by legislators, as well as to eliminate entirely any controversy between theory and practice, this paper suggests an amended draft to read, “Any person who’s intended aim is the unlawful gain for oneself or a third person, who engages in the act of ransoming a third person in order to make the third person dispose of assets after a kidnapping takes place shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or an imprisonment term of seven years or longer”.
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Kuo-Shih, Huang, and 黃國師. "An Empirical study on the characteristics and target selection of kidnapping group members." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31950041187190445126.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>犯罪學研究所<br>96<br>The purpose of this study is intended to explore why the criminal gang for kidnapping has chosen to kidnap a person for ransom, how to form its organization and what is its characteristics, and the process of choosing the victim target.
This study was implemented by adopting the in-depth interviewing of qualitative research to face-to-face interview six offenders involving with kidnapping case, then to key interview data into the program provided by Winmax software for performing the logical analysis in order to induce the thematic concept and structure, and further reveal the offender’s intention and the process of his/her committing of a crime of every phase grounded on the theories of criminality.
The results of data analysis can be summarized as: Most of criminal techniques for kidnapping derive from learning, and kidnappers can always rationalize their commitment, whose intention of committing a crime comes from the rational choice and whose decision in hunting the victim target is subject to a loose and unwatchful way of living of the victim and low self-control of the gang membership.
There are several key discoveries of this study in the characteristics of the criminal gang for kidnapping as follows: 1. an amoeba-like organization of criminal gang; 2. there are “three low” characteristics of the gang membership; 3. A systematic flowchart of engaging in a criminal act; and 4. premeditated crime with meticulous planning. There are also some discoveries in the characteristics of the victim in kidnapping case as follows: 1. there are “three high” characteristics of the victim; 2. the inflictor is acquainted with the victim. In addition, from the perspective of criminal technique, the characteristics of the kidnapping crime include as followings: 1. the exercise of high-tech guilty tools; and 2. a severe law can not fully guarantee the effect of crime prevention.
The following are suggestions which are made grounded on the study:
1.In the strategy of crime prevention:
(1)Continuous development of the assessment standard of criminal model to support the establishment of databank for criminal model.
(2)Adopting the VIVA living way
(3)Strengthening the mechanism of prevention and supervision to achieve the goal of situational crime prevention.
2.In the improvement of investigation technique:
(1)Never leaning on traditional techniques in handling a case too much.
(2)Handling a case with the use of integrated scientific equipment and techniques.
3.In the tactics of an interaction with journalism and media:
(1)To prevent the imitation of criminal circumstances from excessive exaggeration of criminal technique.
(2)To exalt the educational function of media through propaganda.
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Hsieh, Ming-Lun, and 謝明倫. "The Kidnapping Problem in Mexico and the Government’s Policy in Response(2000-2009)." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23774850583243636573.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>拉丁美洲研究所碩士班<br>98<br>In the 1970s of the 20th century, only random kidnaps occurred in Mexico, which were adopted by radicals as ways for political appeals. In the 80s, along with other Latin American countries, Mexico stumbled into economic crisis with huge debts, during which time economic kidnaps for ransoms started to appear. In the 90s, corruptions caused by new freedom reforms brought Mexico face to face with widening social wealth gap, income discrepancies and serious corruptions. With the majority of people trapped in financial difficulties, kidnaps for ransom became a criminal way to gain living resources.
The kidnapping crime of Mexico has been increasingly rampant in recent years. The Anti-drug war launched by the Mexico Government at the end of 2006 also triggered the explosion of kidnapping cases. In August, 2008, the non-government peace organization Pax Christi, headquartered at Holland, formally announced that Mexico had become the country with the most serious kidnapping crimes in the world, which had dealt a heavy blow to the international image of Mexico. As a result, the government of Mexico started to formulate relative policies to deal with the kidnapping crimes.
Based on the views from The Routine Activity Theory and The Rational Choice Theory of the Crime Theory, this thesis aims to look into the development of the kidnapping problem in Mexico and the primary cause for this worsening problem in recent years. In addition, this thesis will also investigate why Mexico became the hotbed of the kidnapping crime.
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Kuo, Yu-Hsuan, and 郭宇宣. "A Case Study of Criminal case Organization design - Focusing on the Mr.Huang is kidnapping for ransom." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55bpdr.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>管理學院MBA<br>107<br>In 2015, Taiwan is seen as a secure country. But there is still some events shock the society, such as the explosion at Formosa Fun Coast water park , a student was murdered at Wenhua Elementary School and one armed fugitive takes three students hostage in Taitung. The most highprofile crime is a Hong Kong tycoon be kidnapped and held hostage from September 20 to October 27 by a gang who demanded almost £6 million ransom paid in bitcoin(hereinafter called the ‘The Hong Kong tycoon case ’). The Hong Kong tycoon case shocked the society and the police in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Not only because the kidnapping has not appeared for many years, but also because the new type of crime. The police should enrich professional competence and have the proper organizational change to deal this new kind of crime. In this research, we reflect on the organizational design, division and effectiveness of police in criminal cases, to see whether this kind of organization meets expectations and needs. When it comes to similar cases, can it be applied or needs some improvement.
This research takes The Hong Kong tycoon case as main discussion, through the way of collecting relevant materials and in-depth interviews, discussing the organizational design and division in criminal investigation police, exploring the impact of managers' behavior patterns and management processes, wish to be a reference to the criminal investigation police while they encounter the similar cases in the future.
The study found：
(一) The manager plays a pivotal role in the design of the organization, not only his professional ability affects the organizational effectiveness, but also his management motivation and personality traits his great influence.
(二) Whether the organizational effectiveness of public organizations is good or not depends on the division of labor of managers and the ability to communicate and coordinate with executives. In the face of difficulties and challenges, it is easier to reach a consensus.
(三) Generally, we focus on the professional competence of the organization manager, the horizontal communication between managers, and the relationship between managers and executives. However, the chemistry and mutual understanding between the executives is also a big issue in the organization of division of labor.
(四) The insufficient and decentralized of decision authority in organizational design is the main factor affecting organizational effectiveness. Lack of authorization from the managers led to can't make decisions in the shortest time, also resulting in low organizational effectiveness.