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1
Tagliaferro, Aline Fernanda. "Avaliação da toxicidade aguda do inseticida endosulfan em alevinos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), com o emprego de biomarcadores histologicos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317910.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sarah AranaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Dado o registro de endosulfan nas bacias do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, o risco para os organismos aquáticos que esse agrotóxico promove e a falta de informações sobre sua ação na ictiofauna dessa região, esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a sensibilidade do pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, ao endosulfan. Para a realização da intoxicação aguda (96h) em sistema estático, alevinos foram expostos às seguintes concentrações de endosulfan: 0; 0,71; 1,43; 2,14; 2,86; 3,57; 4,29 e 5µgL-1. Após 96h, os exemplares sobreviventes foram necropsiados e amostras de brânquia, fígado e rim foram colhidas para análise histopatológica, qualitativa e semi-quantitativa. A Concentração Letal Média (CL50) obtida foi de 5,66µgL-1 (24h) e 4,33µgL-1 (96h). Alterações branquiais e hepáticas foram perceptíveis à microscopia de luz (ML) e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), já no rim somente alterações à MET foram detectadas. Nas brânquias, lamelas secundárias com hipertrofia do epitélio, telangectasia e destacamento epitelial foram as principais alterações. Já no fígado notaram-se degeneração hidrópica, inclusão nuclear, inclusão hialina e vacuolização citoplasmática, como as alterações mais frequentes. Entre as alterações à MET, de modo geral, as mais frequentes foram: alterações mitocondriais, presença de figura de mielina, alteração e/ou perda de microvilos e aumento do espaço intercelular. Embora, alguns exemplares apresentaram alterações celulares frequentes e severas, sugerindo sério dano induzido pelo endosulfan, a análise semi-quantitativa indicou grande variabilidade interindividual. Este último dado sugere fortemente, que a avaliação de biomarcadores histológicos de contaminação aquática deve ser acompanhada de avaliação semi-quantitativa das alterações induzidas associada à análise estatística, para uma fiel indicação do dano provocado à população de organismos-teste. Finalmente, o pacu mostrou-se um bom bioindicador de contaminação aquática por endosulfan o qual se mostrou extremamente tóxico para essa espécie. Assim, espera-se que esta pesquisa venha contribuir efetivamente para o estabelecimento de normas mais rigorosas, ou até mesmo a proibição, da utilização do endosulfan em território brasileiro à semelhança de outros países.
Abstract: The records of endosulfan in river basins of the Patanal wetlands in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil), the risk to aquatic organisms and lack of information on the action of this pesticide on fish fauna in this region stimulated the present study, which aim was to determine the sensitivity of the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) to endosulfan. For the acute intoxication test (96h) in a static system, fingerlings were exposed to the following concentrations of endosulfan: 0; 0.71; 1.43; 2.14; 2.86; 3.57; 4.29 and 5µgL-1. After 96h, the specimens were necropsied and samples were taken from the gill, liver and kidney for qualitative and semi-quantitative histopathological analysis. The Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50) was 5.66µgL-1 (24h) and 4.33µgL-1 (96h). Gill and liver alterations were visible through light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); alterations in the kidney were only detected through TEM. The main alterations in the gills were secondary lamellae with epithelial hypertrophy, telangiectasis and epithelial lifting. The most frequent alterations in the liver were hydropic degeneration, hyaline inclusion and cytoplasmic vacuolization. The most frequent TEM findings were mitochondrial alterations, the presence of myelin figure, alterations in and/or loss of microvilli and increase in intercellular space. Although some specimens frequently exhibited severe cell alterations suggesting serious damage induced by endosulfan, the semi-quantitative analysis revealed considerable interindividual variability. This strongly suggests that the evaluation of histological biomarkers of aquatic contamination should be accompanied by a semi-quantitative assessment of alterations associated with statistical analysis in order to obtain a faithful indication of the damage caused to the population of test organisms. The pacu proved to be a good bioindicator of aquatic contamination by endosulfan, which proved to be extremely toxic to this species. It is hoped that the present study can effectively to contribute toward the establishment of stricter norms or even the banning of the use of endosulfan in Brazil, as has occurred in other countries.
Mestrado
Histologia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
2
Kolber, Milton. "Emprego do Hamster sírio (Mesocricetus auratus) como modelo biológico para a indução de portador renal de leptospiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-27082007-100854/.
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O emprego do hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) como modelo biológico experimental para a reprodução da condição de portador renal de leptospiras foi investigado em machos e fêmeas jovens com 80 a 120 g de peso vivo. Os animais foram experimentalmente infectados com estirpe patogênica do sorovar Pomona caracterizada por provocar a morte por leptospirose entre o quinto e o décimo dia pós-infecção. No segundo dia pós-infecção os animais foram tratados com estolato de eritromicina, nas concentrações de 10, 20, 40 e 80 mg/kg de peso vivo. Aos 30 dias, da infecção experimental os sobreviventes foram anestesiados com isofluorano e procedeu-se a colheita de sangue para a determinação dos indicadores da função hepática e renal (Proteínas totais, Albumina, Uréia, Creatinina, Fosfatase Alcalina, Alanina Aminotransferase, Aspartato Aminotransferase, Bilirrubinas Indireta, Bilirrubinas Direta e Bilirrubinas Totais), bem como o titulo de aglutininas pela prova de soro aglutinação microscópica. A seguir, com o aprofundamento da anestesia, os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia e necropsiados para a colheita de tecido renal e hepático destinados aos exames histopatológicos pelas colorações de Hematoxilina - Eosina e Warthin- Starry, bem como do isolamento de leptospiras por cultivo em meio de Fletcher. Houve controles do inóculo infeccioso, do tratamento com antibiótico e do sistema de manejo adotado. O número de DL 50 efetivamente empregadas no inóculo infeccioso foi de 7,11. No grupo controle do antibiótico foi constatado elevação do nível de fosfatase alcalina e degeneração vacuolares dos hepatócitos para as concentrações de 40 a 80 mg de antibiótico. Os portadores renais de leptospira foram obtidos entre os animais tratados com 40 ou 80 mg de estolato de eritromicina, independentemente do sexo; estes animais apresentaram elevação dos níveis séricos de creatinina e proteínas totais já as determinações de albumina, uréia, alanina aminotrasferase, aspartato aminotransferase, bilirrubinas direta, bilirrubinas indiretas e totais foram iguais as encontradas em animais não infectados por leptospiras e não tratados com antibióticos. As alterações histológicas encontradas nos animais portadores de leptospiras foram degeneração vacuolar em hepatócitos, sangue no espaço porta, congestão glomerular. Nos animais induzidos a condição de portadores renais de leptospiras os títulos de anticorpos aglutinantes, para o sorovar homólogo ao da infecção, expressos em logaritmo de base, 10 foram iguais ou superiores a 1,19.The use of hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as experimental model for the reproduction of leptospires kidney carrier condition was investigated on youngs males and females with 80 to 120 g of living weight. The animals were experimentally infected with pathogenic strain of serovar Pomona able of causing the death by leptospirosis between the fifth and the tenth post-infection day. On the second day post-infection the animals were treated with erythromycin estolate at the concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/ kg of living weight. At the 30th day of experimental infection the survivors were anesthetized with isoflurane and blood sample were collected for the determination of kidney and liver functions (Total proteins, Albumin, Urea, Creatinine, Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Indirect Bilirubins, Direct Bilirubins and Total Bilirubins), and the of agglutinine title by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The animals were killed whit the reinforcement of the anesthesis, and necropsied for the collection of kidney and liver sample for histopathologic tests by staining of Hematoxylin-Eosina and Warthin-Starry, such as the isolation of leptospiras by cultivation into Fletcher´s medium. There were controls of the infecctious inoculum, antibiotic treatment and of the management system adopted. The number of DL 50 effectively applied in the infectious inoculum was 7,11. The antibiotic controls presented elevation of the alkaline phosphatase level and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes at the concentrations of 40 to 80 mg of antibiotic. The leptospire\'s kidney carriers were obtained in the animals treated with 40 or 80 mg of Erythromycin Estolate, regardless of the sex; these animals showed increase in creatinine\'s and total protein serum levels but of albumin, urea, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, direct bilirubins, indirect bilirubins and total bilirubins were the same as found in animals not infected by leptospires and not treated with the antibiotic. The histological changes found in the animals induced as leptospires carrier were vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes, blood in the portal tract, and glomerular congestion. The agglutinine titles for the homologous serovar, expressed on base 10 logarithm, were at least 1.19.
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Paiva, Paula Pereira de 1984. "Avaliação da intoxicação aguda induzida por atrazina em espécie da ictiofauna do pantanal mato-grossense, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), com o emprego de biomarcadores morfológicos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317909.
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Orientador: Sarah AranaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Atrazina é um herbicida muito usado em agricultura intensiva e encontrado com alta freqüência em recursos hídricos na região do Pantanal Mato-grossense. Assim, devido aos riscos que a atrazina pode trazer à ictiofauna da região, foi proposta deste trabalho determinar a CL50 da atrazina em alevinos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A determinação da CL50 em 96 h em sistema estático, realizada em duplicata, foi conduzida em aquários de vidro com 8 peixes cada, de peso médio de 5,06±0,31g, avaliando-se as seguintes concentrações nominais de atrazina: 0; 13,2; 17,6; 22,0; 26,4; 30,8; 35,2; 39,6 mg L-1, realizando-se também análise comportamental e análise anatomopatológica. Experimento de intoxicação aguda foi realizado em duplicata, nas mesmas condições do anterior, com a concentração da CL50 obtida (28,58 mg L-1), sendo empregados 6 exemplares de peso médio 6,68±0,36g. Amostras hepáticas e mesonéfricas foram colhidas e processadas para análise de microscopia de luz (ML), realizando-se nestas amostras análise semi-quantitativa das alterações encontradas, e para análise de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Quanto à avaliação comportamental, foram observados nos grupos tratados: o escurecimento da pigmentação da pele, várias alterações na intensidade do movimento, perda de equilíbrio e presença da ação de boquejamento. Na avaliação anatomopatológica, foram observadas nos grupos tratados: dilatação da região ventral, exoftalmia, protrusão labial, hiperemia no opérculo e em todas as nadadeiras, presença de ar e/ou água no estômago e ascite sanguinolenta. Quanto à análise histopatológica, o grupo controle apresentou a típica morfologia hepática e renal para a espécie. No grupo tratado, severas alterações histopatológicas foram observadas em ML, a mais significativa em fígado foi a presença de inclusões hialinas no citoplasma dos hepatócitos e em rim a degeneração do túbulo proximal. À MET demonstrou que a atrazina causou severas alterações de organelas membranosas, sugestivas de estresse oxidativo e peroxidação lipídica, sendo as alterações mais freqüentes no fígado: inclusão lipídica nuclear e citoplasmática, tumefação do retículo endoplasmático rugoso e de mitocôndrias, degeneração do canalículo biliar com redução na quantidade de microvilos, e em rim, no túbulo proximal (TP): vacúolos citoplasmáticos e aumento do espaço intercelular na porção basolateral, figuras de mielina, tumefação mitocondrial, e, raramente, degeneração do TP. Estas alterações são compatíveis com intoxicação química, demonstrando que estes órgãos são bons biomarcadores de contaminação aquática em peixes. E por fim, o valor da CL50 sugere que a atrazina é levemente tóxica para o pacu, porém pelos demais resultados observados se inferem que só analisar a mortalidade não é o suficiente para determinar o dano causado por agrotóxicos em peixes, assim, recomenda-se o emprego de vários biomarcadores, tais como: análises comportamentais, histopatológicas, bioquímicas, etc.
Abstract: Atrazine is a widely used herbicide in intensive agriculture and a frequent contaminant of waterways in the Pantanal region of Brazil. In view of the potential risks of atrazine to the ichthyofauna of this region, in this work we examined the LC50 of atrazine in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fingerlings. For this study, fish (5.06 ± 0.31g; mean±SD) were housed eight per glass aquarium and exposed to various concentrations of atrazine (0, 13.2, 17.6, 22.0, 26.4, 30.8, 35.2 and 39.6 mg L-1) for 96 h in static system and this experiment was performed in duplicate, after which the LC50 was determined. Changes in fish behavior and anatomopathological analysis were monitored throughout the experiment. The histopathological alterations caused by atrazine were examined in six fish (6.68 ± 0.36g; mean±SD) using the LC50 (28.58 mg L-1) calculated from the concentration-response curve obtained above. This experiment was done in 96h in static system and performed in duplicate. Liver and mesonephric samples were processed for light microscopy (LM), performing in these samples the semi-quantitative analysis of the changes found, and for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Exposure to atrazine caused darkening of the skin, alterations in the intensity of movements, loss of balance and an increase in the frequency of gasping. Anatomopathological assessment revealed dilation of the ventral region, exophthalmia, lip protrusion, skin hyperemia in the opercular region and in all fins, the presence of air and/or water in the stomach, and bloody ascites after the herbicide exposition. The histopathological analysis revealed the typical hepatic and renal morphology for the specie, in control group. Several histopathological changes were observed in exposed fish, but the changes most significant were: in liver, the presence of hyaline inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and proximal tubule (PT) degeneration in the kidney. The ultrastructure showed that the atrazine caused several membrane alterations suggestive of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The most frequent in liver, TEM findings, were: nuclear and cytoplasmic lipid inclusions, swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, degeneration in the bile canaliculi with a loss in the number of microvilli, and for kidney: an increase in the intercellular space of the basolateral region, myelin figures, swollen mitochondria, and, rarely, degeneration of PT. These lesions are consistent with chemical intoxication and indicate that the liver and kidney are good biomarkers of aquatic contamination in pacu. And, finally, the LC50 value suggests that atrazine is not highly toxic to pacu, however, use of mortality index in acute toxicity as the sole marker in ecotoxicological assays is inadequate and should be completed with other biomarkers such as behavioral, histopathology, biochemistry analyses, etc.
Mestrado
Histologia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
4
Chan, Ting-bun, and 陳霆斌. "Comparison of surgical outcomes between post-hepatectomy HCC patients with chronic kidney disease and normal kidney." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48333475.
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Based on figure from American Association for Cancer Research (2010) & Global Cancer Statistics (2011), Liver cancer (HCC) is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and third leading cause of cancer death (Jemal, A. et al., 2011; Jemal, A., Center, M. M., DeSantis, C. et al., 2010). In Hong Kong, Liver Cancer caused 1488 deaths in 2009 in total; it is 2nd and 4th leading killer of cancer death among Hong Kong male and female respectively (Hong Kong Cancer Registry, 2010). However, surgical resection for HCC remains as mainstream treatment modality and extensive studies on post-operative surgical outcomes for different HCC treatment modalities have been published. Nevertheless, the influence of kidney function on surgical outcomes on HCC patient stays novel and it emerges a need to explore on the relation. This study aims to compare the surgical outcomes of post hepatectomy HCC patients between reduced kidney function and normal kidney function in terms of (1) Length of hospital stay, (2) Survival rate, (3) Hospital Mortality and (4) Overall post operative complications. The kidney function can be reflected by the glomerular filtration rate (Thomas, R., Stanley, B. & Datta, S., 2007; Daugirdas, J. T., 2011). The direct measurement of GFR is a complicated and expensive procedure, which is not clinical possible to screen every patient. Thus this study adopted modified Cockcroft- Gault (CG) Formula, one type of creatinine based glomerular filtration rate estimation formulas with normalization to body surface area. Modified CG formula calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on age, body weight, body height, gender and serum creatinine level (Himmelfarb, J. & Sayegh, M. H., 2010; Daugirdas, J. T., 2011; Joanna, Q. H. & Heather A. N., 2011).
The eGFR of 452 HCC patients with major hepatectomy was evaluated and categorized into different kidney function groups according to the chronic kidney disease staging system suggested by K/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation. Hence, the surgical outcomes from different kidney function groups are analyzed and compared. Length of hospital stay was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis Test. Hospital mortality and incidences of post-op complication are analyzed by Chi-square test. Lastly, the survival rate is analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Log rank test; the result is presented in form of survival curve, then 5-year survival rate of different group of samples are obtained and compared.
Result of the study shows no evidence that patients with chronic kidney disease will have a longer hospital stay and more prone to surgical complications post operatively. However, it is indicated that the hospital mortality is associated with the severity of kidney function reduction and suggested that patients with chronic kidney disease are at higher risk of post-operative death than those with normal kidney. Patient with severe reduction of kidney function should be aware of high foreseeable chance of death after the surgery and special caution need to be taken. Surprisingly, the result revealed that the overall survival improves with the severity of kidney function reduction and the patients with worse kidney function are more likely to have a better survival. Nevertheless, the result on survival rate suspected to be biased by possible confounders and underlying co-morbidities of samples.
In conclusion, eGFR formula is recommended in clinical estimation of kidney function for the patients. Also, it is suggested that HCC patients with reduced kidney function are more susceptible to hospital death after hepatectomy than normal individuals. Thus, cautious consideration and risk analysis before operation is particularly crucial for HCC patient with chronic kidney disease.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
5
Habib, Shahid, Khalid Khan, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Edward Meister, Abbas Rana, and Thomas Boyer. "Differential Simultaneous Liver and Kidney Transplant Benefit Based on Severity of Liver Damage at the Time of Transplantation." ELMER PRESS INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625529.
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Background: We evaluated the concept of whether liver failure patients with a superimposed kidney injury receiving a simultaneous liver and kidney transplant (SLKT) have similar outcomes compared to patients with liver failure without a kidney injury receiving a liver transplantation (LT) alone. Methods: Using data from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, patients were divided into five groups based on pre-transplant model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores and categorized as not having (serum creatinine (sCr) <= 1.5 mg/dL) or having (sCr > 1.5 mg/dL) renal dysfunction. Of 30,958 patients undergoing LT, 14,679 (47.5%) had renal dysfunction, and of those, 5,084 (16.4%) had dialysis. Results: Survival in those (liver failure with renal dysfunction) receiving SLKT was significantly worse (P < 0.001) as compared to those with sCr < 1.5 mg/dL (liver failure only). The highest mortality rate observed was 21% in the 36+ MELD group with renal dysfunction with or without SLKT. In high MELD recipients (MELD > 30) with renal dysfunction, presence of renal dysfunction affects the outcome and SLKT does not improve survival. In low MELD recipients (16 - 20), presence of renal dysfunction at the time of transplantation does affect post-transplant survival, but survival is improved with SLKT. Conclusions: SLKT improved 1-year survival only in low MELD (16 - 20) recipients but not in other groups. Performance of SLKT should be limited to patients where a benefit in survival and post-transplant outcomes can be demonstrated.
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Leino, Abbie D. "Tacrolimus Intra-Subject Variability in Adherent Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530265041482671.
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O'Callaghan, John M. "Evidence based hypothermic preservation of the kidney and liver for transplantation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2ec9083b-bdaf-4fa4-8975-f9e9624b4ccd.
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Kalin, Cigdem. "Effects Of Acrylamide And Resveratrol On Rabbit Liver And Kidney Antioxidant Enzymes." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611315/index.pdf.
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Resveratrol is one of the promising naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in red wine having antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. However, in vivo studies investigating the effects of resveratrol on antioxidant enzymes are limited. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the influence of resveratrol on liver and kidney antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in acrylamide treated and control rabbits.
New Zealand male rabbits were treated with acrylamide and resveratrol, separately in two different doses and conditions. Their combined effects were also investigated. While, acrylamide treatment significantly decreased the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in liver (1.24-fold), it was significantly increased (1.20 &ndash1.40-fold) by combined effect of resveratrol and acrylamide in liver and kidney. Furthermore, alone resveratrol administration increased (~1.37 &ndash
fold) GPx activity in kidney. Although, glutathione reductase (GR) was found to be significantly increased (~1.30-fold) in two different dose of resveratrol treated rabbit liver, it was not changed in acrylamide and their combined treatments. Despite, glutathione (GSH) content was decreased around 1.6 fold as a result of acrylamide treatment in rabbit liver and kidney cytosols, GSH level was returned to normal levels by resveratrol tretment in rabbit liver and kidney. Furthermore, acrylamide treatment significantly increased the SDH activity in blood serum (1.68-fold) and in liver (1.27-fold) with respect to control. On the other hand, resveratrol treatment brought this activity nearly normal level in acrylamide treated rabbits.. Besides, sorbitol deydrogenase (SDH) was found to be decreased (3.13-fold) significantly in rabbit liver cytosol as a result of single dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. resveratrol treatment. Moreover, catalase activity and MDA level were not affected from either resveratrol or acrylamide and with their combination effect in investigated rabbit organs. An important liver damage marker enzyme other than ALT and AST, SDH was characterized in terms of substrate, cofactor and enzyme concentration in rabbits which have been not investigated before and found to be 200 mM, 141 µ
M and 0.5 µ
L, respectively in rabbit liver. Furthermore, the Km value was first calculated in liver of New Zealand rabbits as 55,5 mM. In addition to these, in vitro effects of resveratrol on GST activity was also studied throughout this study. Resveratrol was shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for liver cytosolic GST against substrate CDNB with Ki of 175 µ
M. On the other hand, resveratrol was shown to be a competitive inhibitor for liver cytosolic GST against substrate GSH with Ki of 55 µ
M. The results of the present study have demonstrated for the first time that resveratrol induced some of the antioxidant enzyme activities and as well nonenzymatic antioxidants in rabbit liver and kidney. The results of GPx, GR, SDH activities and GSH level have also suggested that resveratrol may have protective effects on acrylamide induced hepatoxicity and renal toxicity. Therefore, it may be a therapeutic approach for the oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer. However, further in vivo studies are required to clarify the effect of resveratrol on both acrylamide-induced toxicity and bioavailability in the body.
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Herlenius, Gustaf. "Renal function after transplantation of the liver and intestine /." Gothenburg : Transplant Institute, Sahlghrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21523.
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Maathuis, M. H. J. "Organ preservation and viability in kidney and liver transplantation experimental and clinical studies /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
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Resende, Albina Dolores Cardoso da Silva Castro. "Seasonal and toxicological study of brown trout (Salmo trutta) kidney and liver peroxisomes." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7260.
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Carina, Stenman. "Standardized ultrasonography with cine-loop documentation : diagnostic variability in liver and kidney examinations." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för radiologiska vetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124676.
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Background: Ultrasound examination of the abdomen is often a first choice at radiology departments due to the lack of ionizing radiation. For diagnostic accuracy and economic benefits there has been a need for new routines in this area that incorporate the benefits of an radiographer or sonographer performing a multitude of ultrasound examinations following strictly standardized examination protocols and documentation forms made by cine-loops that will give the radiologist access to all relevant information needed for an accurate postexamination diagnosis. Aim: The overall objective of this thesis was to evaluate the diagnostic variability in examinations of the kidneys and liver that use a standardized ultrasound method along with video documentation of the entire examination and off-line review by radiologists. More specifically, we wanted to compare the agreement between readers and between operators. Design and method: This thesis is based on four quantitative studies using standardized protocols for kidney, liver and gallbladder examinations. In paper I, including 64 patients, and paper IV, including 98 patients, the patients were prospectively enrolled and the examinations were retrospectively reviewed. The patients in papers I and IV were examined by one radiographer (sonographer) and one radiologist during the same session. In paper I, findings using the standardized ultrasound method were compared with traditional bedside assessments by a radiologist. In paper IV, the patients were examined using only the standardized method. In paper II, including 98 patients, and in paper III, including 115 patients, the patients were examined by one sonographer using the standardized method and the examinations were reviewed by two or three radiologists. Results: In paper I, no significant systematic differences were found between the findings using the standardized method and the traditional bedside assessment. Paper II showed good intra- and inter-observer agreement between three experienced radiologists when reviewing examinations conducted using the standardized method. In paper III we verified good inter-observer agreement between two radiologists reviewing ultrasound examinations using the standardized technique in patients who had undergone surgery for colorectal cancer. Intravenous contrast was used and the injection of contrast medium increased the visibility of liver lesions. In paper IV, we observed that using a standardized cine-loop technique, there was a slightly better inter-operator agreement than inter-reader agreement. Conclusion: The satisfactory agreement shown in all four studies suggests that the new workflow method using standardized ultrasound examinations and stored cine-loops, performed by a radiographer or sonographer and analyzed off-line by a radiologist, is a promising technique. The results are less affected when a radiologist examiner is replaced by a radiographer or sonographer than when the reviewer is replaced by a different radiologist.
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Hayden, Annette Louise. "The role of relaxin in the regulation of human liver and kidney fibrosis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/67633/.
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Liver fibrosis has a range of aetiologies and is a global cause of mortality. A critical effect of liver fibrosis which also increases mortality is portal hypertension. The hepatic stellate cell is accepted as a major progenitor of liver myofibroblasts, which have been shown to be a major source of collagen and extracellular matrix proteins that disrupt liver architecture and function. Relaxin is a hormone involved in remodelling of extracellular matrix in the uterus and cervix and is known to increase renal blood flow in pregnancy. It has been implicated in the regulation of fibrosis in animal models and to modify the cell biology of hepatic stellate cells in vitro. I have demonstrated the profile of expression of relaxin receptors in primary human stellate cells (HSC), showing them to express RXFP-1, 3 and 4. Using a cAMP assay I confirm these receptors to be functional, with RXFP-1 positively and RXFP-3 and 4 negatively coupling to cAMP. The expression of RXFP-1 is coupled with the level of activation, demonstrating a possible role for H2-relaxin in the regulation of HSC. I have established a dynamic regulation of fibrotic mediators and HSC activation markers, including a reduction in α-SMA, TIMP-1 and TGF-β with increases in MMP-1 and MMP-2, consistent with H2-relaxin having potentially therapeutic antifibrotic effects by increasing the fibrolytic phenotype. In addition through the use of gel contraction assays I demonstrate that H2-relaxin reduces serum or endothelin-1 induced HSC contraction. Through the use of siRNA I have confirmed that H2-relaxin mediates its regulation of fibrotic mediators and HSC activation markers as well as the inhibition of gel contraction through the relaxin receptor RXFP-1. I have evidence to suggest that the inhibition of contraction may in part be via nitric oxide release in HSC. In conclusion I propose that RXFP-1 is a potential therapeutic target in end stage human liver disease, targeting fibrosis and portal blood hypertension via both resolution of the phenotypic collagen deposition and vascular constriction associated with the human hepatic stellate cell.
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Resende, Albina Dolores Cardoso da Silva Castro. "Seasonal and toxicological study of brown trout (Salmo trutta) kidney and liver peroxisomes." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7260.
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Iano, Flávia Godoy. "Efeito da ingestão crônica do fluoreto sobre o sistema oxidante/antioxidante de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25149/tde-02102012-093332/.
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A ingestão excessiva de fluoreto por um longo período de tempo pode resultar em fluorose, que pode causar manifestações dentárias e esqueléticas. Danos metabólicos, funcionais e estruturais causados pela fluorose crônica tem sido relatados em vários tecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do fluoreto administrado na água de beber, da administração de fluoreto na água de beber na defesa antioxidante de ratos. Quatro grupos de ratos wistar foram usados (n=10/grupo). Os animais receberam água de beber contendo 0 (controle), 5, 15 ou 50 ppm de fluoreto durante 60 dias. Eles foram eutanasiados e os tecidos (fígado, rins e coração) e plasma foram coletados e homogenizados. Superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa reduzida (GSH), substâncias antioxidantes totais (SAT), substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), hidroperóxido de lipídios (HL) e fluoreto foram análisadas. Dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e teste de Dunn (p<0,05). Nos rins, SOD, GPx, GSH e SAT diminuiram e fluoreto e HL aumentaram significantivamente. No fígado, CAT e TBARS diminuiram, SOD, HL e SAT aumentaram significativamente. No coração, GPx aumentou significativamente. No plasma, SOD e HL diminuiram significativamente. Em resumo, esses resultados mostram que a administração crônica de fluoreto altera o sistema antioxidante de ratos. Nosso dados sugerem que a exposição em níveis elevados de fluoreto, a conversão do ânion superóxido em água nos rins parecem ocorrer principalmente através da SOD e CAT, com baixa participação do sistema glutationa, diferindo do que parece ocorrer no fígado.Excessive fluoride intake over a long period of time could result in fluorosis, which can lead to dental and skeletal manifestations. Metabolic, functional and structural damages caused by chronic fluorosis have been reported in many tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride, administered in drinking water, in the antioxidant defense of rats. Four groups of Wistar rats were included (n=10/group). The animals received drinking water containing 0 (control), 5, 15 or 50 ppm of fluoride during 60 days. They were euthanized and the tissues (liver, kidney and heart) and plasma were collected and homogenized. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LH), and fluoride were analyzed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeys test or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunns tests (p<0.05). In the kidney SOD, GPx, GSH and SAT decreased and fluoride and LH increased significantly. In the liver, CAT and TBARS decreased and fluoride, SOD, LH and SAT increased significantly. In the heart, GPx increased significantly. In the plasma, SOD and LH decreased significantly. In summary, these results show that chronic fluoride administration alters the antioxidant system of the rats. Our data suggest that upon exposure to high levels of fluoride, the conversion of the superoxide anion to water in the kidney seems to occur mainly through the SOD and CAT, with a low participation of the glutathione system, differing from what seems to occur in the liver.
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Yao, Peng St George Clinical School UNSW. "Studies of the bipolar inline radiofrequency ablation device (ILRFA) in liver and kidney transection." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. George Clinical School, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28298.
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Surgical resection is the best option for both liver and kidney cancers, which providing the long term survival. However intraoperative blood loss can be a significant challenge, and is clearly associated with morbidity and mortality. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) precoagulation has been introduced into liver and kidney surgery. Promising results have already achieved in reduction of intraoperative blood loss. In this thesis, a detailed explanation on precoagulation by RFA has been given. Our group developed a novel bipolar multi-array RFA device ??? InLine (ILRFA). In this thesis, we have investigated the performance in a variety of fields. In the study of ILRFA-assisted laparoscopic liver resection, ILRFA was easily employed through a hand port and achieved significant decrease of blood loss compared to control group (p < 0.05). In the liver trauma study, ILRFA produced a 63.88% reduction of blood loss in peripheral injury and 53.57% in central injury respectively. In postoperative evaluation of ILRFA-assisted liver resection, animals underwent an uneventful recovery, no complications occurred. Histological examination revealed a typical post RFA evolution. In ILRFA-assisted partial nephrectomy, the mean intraoperative blood loss 35 ?? 7 ml in the ILRFA and 152 ?? 94 ml in the control, a 77.0% reduction (P = 0.024). The mean blood loss per centimetre resection area was 2.09 ?? 1.41 ml/cm2 in the ILRFA compared with 12.79 ?? 1.68 ml/cm2 in controls, the reduction was 79.0% (P = 0.019). In ILRFAassisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 32 ?? 15 ml in the ILRFA and 187 ?? 69 ml in the control group, a 77.0% reduction (P = 0.043). The mean blood loss per centimetre resection area was 2.27 ?? 0.95 ml/cm2 in the ILRFA compared with 26.46 ?? 8.81 ml/cm2 in controls, the reduction was 79.0% (P = 0.047). In the renal trauma experiment, ILRFA also achieved promising results in haemostasis. We believe that ILRFA is a useful device which may help in the treatment of patients with liver and kidney illness.
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Thada, Wimonwatwatee Richardson Arlan. "Effect of aging and caloric restriction on the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in liver and kidney of rats." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9115231.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1990.Title from title page screen, viewed December 1, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Arlan Richardson (chair), David F. Weber, Alan J. Katz, H. Tak Cheung, Lynne A. Lucher. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-132) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Zhu, Cheng [Verfasser]. "Expression and regulation of cold shock proteins in inflammatory kidney and liver diseases / Cheng Zhu." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021953237/34.
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Baid-Agrawal, Seema [Verfasser]. "New extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C infection after kidney and liver transplantation / Seema Baid-Agrawal." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026884225/34.
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Ngwa, Victor Ngu. "Evolution of liver fibrosis during long-term experimental Schistosoma japonicum infection in pigs /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10425083.pdf.
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Lee, G. J. "Interactions between the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and the liver in the regulation of body phosphate balance." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1453577/.
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Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential element that fuels vital processes in the body. To date, there is discord regarding the mechanisms of Pi regulation and the proportion of transport attributed to active (sodium-driven), paracellular, or uncharacterized transcellular pathways. The present studies address this by comparing Pi transport in different segments of the intestine using in vitro, in situ, and ex vivo techniques. Potential Pi signalling between the intestine, kidney, and liver was also investigated using intestinal perfusion and in vivo renal clearance surgeries. Regional differences in intestinal Pi transport were investigated using the in situ closed-loop, in vitro everted sleeve, and ex vivo intestinal perfusion techniques. These studies highlighted measured Pi transport discrepancies between methods, confirmed the jejunum as the site of highest Pi transport ability in the GI tract, and also revealed that the distal colon transported a significant amount of Pi both in vitro and in situ. An intestinal perfusion technique never applied to studies of Pi transport also exposed a concentrated amount of Pi transported directly across the rat intestinal epithelium. Renal Pi clearance surgeries investigated a proposed Pi sensing mechanism between the small intestine and the kidney in which a high duodenal Pi load triggered rapid phosphaturia. Present data show no phosphaturia after a physiological 10mM Pi duodenal instillation. In contrast with previously published data, a high Pi load into the duodenum increased plasma Pi and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels resulting in correlated phosphaturia. The role of the liver in Pi transport was investigated by removing the liver following instillation of 1, 5, 10, and 15mM 32P coupled Pi buffer into the jejunum. Data show a steady increase of Pi accumulated in the liver, which correlated with increased Pi concentration instilled into the jejunum. Between 10 and 15mM however, the Pi in the liver reached saturation, suggesting that the liver may only store physiological concentrations of Pi. Sodium-dependency of Pi uptake by the liver was also not apparent until 15mM Pi, in contrast with sodium-dependent Pi transport by the intestine at all four concentrations. This finding suggests a separate mechanism of liver Pi transport at this supraphysiological Pi concentration.
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Obata(Ishida), Tokiko. "Renal impairment with sublethal tubular cell injury in a chronic liver disease mouse model." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215425.
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O'Driscoll, Catherine T. "A study to determine the quality of life and experiences for liver and kidney transplant recipients and living kidney donors in Western Australia : the economic implications." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0077.
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The use of quality-of-life as an outcome measure provides detailed information about the effectiveness of medical treatments than morbidity or mortality rates alone. The use of quality-of-life data in the clinical setting can inform patients regarding treatment options, treatment benefits and costs. In competing health care markets, outcome measurement is regarded as important as it is concerned with the impact of health care practice and affects health policy decisions. Doessel (1978) conducted the first Australian study on the cost-effectiveness analysis of renal replacement therapies. The study was based on Klarman, Francis & Rosenthal's (1968) the study, where the output was measured in terms of the number of life years gained from kidney transplantation, and a twenty-five percent weight was allocated in an attempt to capture quality-of-life from kidney transplantation. Doessel (1978) used two sources of data: Australian data (Disney 1974) and European data (Gurland et al. 1973; Shiel et al. 1974). The study measured life years gained, and agreed with the Klarman et al. (1974) findings that transplantation is the most effective way to increase life expectancy of persons with chronic renal disease (Butler & Doessel 1989). The outputs of the alternative treatments were not reported in monetary terms; the study focused on life years gained as the output measure. Hence the importance of this current study, which includes a cost-effectiveness analysis for cadaver liver, and living kidney transplantation for end-stage liver and kidney disease patients. Calls to respect patient autonomy and to produce patient-centered outcomes have recently brought the patients point of view back into the center of clinical medicine (Sullivan 2003). Survival rates indicate one measure of outcome however they do not reflect patients perceptions of health benefit or experiences. Noting that patients psychosocial effect on functioning is of more concern to them than their physical Thesis Preamble iii ability, that more accurate knowledge of patients conditions be measured prior to transplantation (Tarter et al. 1991). Recently researchers advocated investigating transplant patients' states of health to assess the social benefit of these expensive health care services from their perspective (Joralemon & Fujinaga 1997). The current study's mixed method, bridges the gaps in treatment outcome measurements, as the mixed method applied (Creswell 1994; Sim & Sharp 1998) prospectively measured quality-oflife, determined health utility, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). The study reported the living donors experience of the donation process, described their needs; expressed using a new psychosocial model supporting future living kidney donor's during the donation process.
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Sieber, Maximilian. "Evaluation of 1H-NMR and GC/MS-based metabonomics for the assessment of liver and kidney toxicity." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/4305/.
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Jones, Terence Edward. "Economically beneficial drug interactions with cyclosporin and tacroliumus : clinical studies in recipients of kidney and liver transplants." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj79.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 234-257. Three separate clinical studies in organ transplant recipients are presented. The aims are to examine fundamental questions regarding the clinically and economically important pharmokinetic interaction between diltiazem and cyclosporin, an interaction widely utilised in organ transplantation. The data contained should assist the development of soundly based policies that will ensure a benefit exists before a sparing agent is coprescribed, and that the lowest effective dose of sparing agent is used.
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Kaiser, Tiffany E. "An Appropriate Assessment of Kidney Function In Patients with End Stage Liver Disease: Role of Cystatin C." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396532967.
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Akhtar, Mohammed Zeeshan. "Improving the outcomes of kidney transplantation from deceased organ donors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cd7c49f5-e5ce-415b-bdcb-7b59197bc1d0.
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This thesis sought to improve our understanding of how kidneys become injured as a consequence of organ donation, with the aim of improving the outcomes of transplantation. Every year, hundreds of patients on the waiting list die whilst awaiting a kidney transplant. With an ever-increasing demand for suitable organs, supply cannot keep up with the pressures on the transplant waiting list. As a consequence the transplant community are forced to use organs that previously would not have been considered suitable for transplant, including from older donors with additional comorbidities. This thesis aimed to develop an understanding as to how the kidney becomes injured during the donation process, identifying which key cellular homeostatic processes are disturbed as a consequence of donation. The thesis outlines the experimental development of rodent models of organ donation replicating the donation process for donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors and also the development of a kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model. Proteomics was subsequently used to identifying global protein alterations in the kidney as a consequence of brain death and ischemia reperfusion injury using bioinformatics tools to identify involvement of cellular pathways. The results indicated alterations in mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis occurring following brain death. Alterations in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function were then confirmed using metabolomics and mitochondrial functional assays. I subsequently evaluated how alterations in cellular hypoxia and the hypoxia inducible factor system is altered in the brain dead organ donor kidney and aimed to target this system as a means of conditioning the brain dead organ donor to prevent mitochondrial and metabolic mediated injury to kidney cells following brain death. This involved exploring the role of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, including dimethyloxalylglycine, on mitochondrial function and whether this could be a therapeutic target in organ donation. This thesis provides important insights into the mechanism of injury of kidneys following brain death, providing evidence that even before procurement and preservation in the DBD donor alterations in mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis occur. I provide preliminary data on the use of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in altering mitochondrial function. I also outline my involvement in other ongoing projects in organ donation and machine perfusion that also aim to improve the outcomes of deceased donor kidney and liver transplantation.
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Kerkar, Nanda. "Study of cytochrome P4502D6, target of Liver Kidney Microsomal antibody type 1 in autoimmune hepatitis type 2 and chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C virus infection." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395159.
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Kennedy, James Edward. "An assessment of the capacity of high-intensity focused ultrasound to treat tumours of the liver and kidney." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404168.
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Goboza, Mediline. "The biochemical effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in the kidney and liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats." Thesis, Cape Peninisula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2233.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that is characterised not only by severe hyperglycemia but also altered metabolism of glucose and lipids. It is a major health problem worldwide and its impact is greatly noticed in developing countries due to the lack of adequate medical facilities. Oxidative stress remains the principal factor that actively plays major roles in the onset and progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of DM has undisputedly gained the attention and interest of researchers throughout the globe mainly because plants have established promising outcomes in the treatment of diabetes. It is evident that the plants’ constituents possess therapeutically potent metabolites that have beneficial effects such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Hypoxis hemerocallidea is a native plant that grows in the Southern African regions. H. hemerocallidea is well known for its beneficial medicinal values. In South Africa it is known as the African potato. The main aim of this study was to investigate both the beneficial and also the possible toxic effects of H. hemerocallidea in the kidney and liver tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats by assessing the antioxidant status and selected biochemical parameters in the two studied organs. Diabetes was induced in overnight fasted rats by administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dosage of 50mg/kg in citrate buffer (0.1 M at 4.5 pH). Hyperglycemia was confirmed 72 hours after induction of diabetes using STZ in rats with glucose levels > 15 mmol/l. Treatment with the plants extract commenced on the fourth day after STZ administration via gastric gavage that was done once a day over a 6 week period. The effects of H. hemerocallidea on glucose, body weight, liver and kidney weights, liver function, kidney function and the oxidative status were evaluated after the feeding period.
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Hellenkemper, Jessica Verena [Verfasser], and Uta [Akademischer Betreuer] Herden. "Impact on the hepatic flow velocity after pediatric combined liver‐kidney transplantation compared to isolated pediatric liver transplantation - A matched‐pair analysis / Jessica Verena Hellenkemper ; Betreuer: Uta Herden." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214370160/34.
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Szczurek, El¤zbieta I. "Effects of dietary zinc deficiency and repletion on metallothionein and Ki-67 in rat small intestine, liver and kidney." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ53233.pdf.
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Maxwell, Paul Ross. "Human glutathione-S-transferases : examination of the iso-enzymes alpha and pi as biomarkers of kidney and liver damage." Thesis, Ulster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399186.
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Karakurt, Serdar. "The Effects Of Phenolic Compound Tannic Acid On Phase Ii And Cytochrome P450 Dependent Enzymes In Rabbit Liver And Kidney." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609635/index.pdf.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in the world. Many of the chemical carcinogens need metabolic activation that catalyzed by cytochrome P450 and Phase II enzymes in order to exert their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Hence one possible mechanism is that phenolic compounds may alter anticarcinogenic effects is through an interaction with these enzymes either by the inhibition or activation of certain forms, leading to a reduced production of the ultimate carcinogen. Therefore anti-carcinogen activity of tannic acid, a hydrolyzable plant polyphenol, has a crucial importance to prevent conversion of pro-carcinogens to their carcinogenic form. Tannic acid is produced from secondary metabolism of plants and is found in edible vegetables, fruits and nuts, especially tea, cocoa, coffee and wine.
In the present work, modulation of rabbit liver and kidney microsomal P450 dependent aniline 4-hydroxylase, N-nitrosodimethylamine N-demethylase and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activities and cytosolic phase II enzymesglutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase:1 (NQO1) were studied in the presence of tannic acid at concentrations ranging from 0.5 µ
M to 150 µ
M in the reaction medium. The results obtained in this study were shown that tannic acid significantly inhibited the activities of p-nitrophenol hydroxylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase, NDMA N-demethylase, glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1. Tannic acid was found to be the most potent inhibitor of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase with IC50 of 0.33 µ
M and the least potent inhibitor of microsomal aniline 4-hydroxylase.with IC50 of 60.26 µ
M. Effect of tannic acid on enzyme activities was further studied for both mode and type of inhibition. For this purpose various concentrations of the substrate were examined at various tannic acid concentrations. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots were then generated from the resulting data sets. The Km value and inhibition constants (KI) were determined from double reciprocal and Dixon plot of the enzyme activity versus substrate and inhibitor concentration, respectively. Tannic acid was shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for liver cytosolic GST, NQO1 and microsomal aniline 4- hydroxylase enzymes with KI of 0.3 µ
M, 41 µ
M and 54.7 µ
M, respectively. On the other hand, in kidney tissues, tannic acid was an uncompetitive inhibitor of cytosolic GST, while it was noncompetitive inhibitor for cytosolic NQO1 with a KI of 12.6 µ
M. These results indicate that tannic acid may modulate cytochrome P450 dependent and Phase II enzymes and influence the metabolic activation of xenobiotics mediated by these enzymes.
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Nuyan, Mine. "In Vivo Interaction Of Carcinogenic Acrylamide With Cytochrome P450 Isozymes And Phase Ii Enzymes In Rabbit Liver, Kidney And Lung." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610214/index.pdf.
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Acrylamide is an industrially produced chemical with known neurotoxic, reproductive toxin and carcinogenic effects. The carcinogenicity associated with acrylamide is mostly attributed to its metabolism by liver CYP2E1. However, studies investigating the effects of acrylamide on CYP2E1 enzyme are limited. In this study, it was aimed to investigate in vivo interaction of carcinogenic acrylamide on microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme activities, and protein levels, and on cytosolic NQO1 and GST enzyme activities of rabbit liver, kidney and lung of acrylamide-treated rabbits. The in vivo protective effect of resveratrol, a phenolic compound, was also investigated on acrylamide toxicity.
New Zealand male rabbits were treated with acrylamide and resveratrol, separately in different doses and conditions. Their combined effects were also investigated. CYP2E1-dependent p-Nitrophenol hydroxylase, NDMA N-demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase activities were found to be significantly increased in acrylamide-treated rabbit liver (1.80-3.0 fold) and kidney (1.6-fold). Rabbit liver and kidney CYP2E1 protein levels (determined by western blot analyisis) also increased approximately 2-fold due to acrylamide treatment. In rabbit liver, resveratrol was found significantly effective in decreasing both acrylamide-induced CYP2E1-dependent enzyme activities (approximately 1.5-1.80 fold) and CYP2E1 protein levels (approximately 1.5-1.70 fold). Additionally, resveratrol significantly decreased acrylamide-induced CYP2E1 protein level (2-2.5 fold) in rabbit kidney. However, no significant change was observed in rabbit lung CYP2E1-dependent enzyme activities and CYP2E1 protein levels due to acrylamide, resveratrol or their combined treatments. Furthermore, it was found that acrylamide treatment significantly increased CYP3A6-dependent erythromycin N-demethylase enzyme activity (1.85-fold) and CYP3A6 protein levels in rabbit liver (1.69-fold). No change was observed in CYP2B4-dependent benzphetamine N-demethylase enzyme activities of rabbit liver, kidney and lung by in vivo acrylamide, resveratrol or their combined treatments. Moreover, total GST and GST-Mu activities of rabbit kidney (1.5-fold, respectively) and total GST activity of rabbit lung (1.6-fold) were increased significantly only in resveratrol treated group. NQO1 enzyme activity of rabbit kidney was significantly increased by acrylamide treatment (1.6-fold).
The results of the present study have demonstrated for the first time that acrylamide induces rabbit liver and kidney CYP2E1-dependent enzyme activities and CYP2E1 protein levels. The induction of CYP2E1 enzyme activity and protein level by acrylamide treatment can stimulate formation of other toxic compounds and procarcinogens metabolized by CYP2E1 which in turn further potentiates the risk of hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In the present study, it was also demonstrated for the first time that acrylamide treatment also increases CYP3A6 enzyme activity in rabbit liver which may lead to alterations in drug metabolism. The results of this study have also suggested that resveratrol may have protective effects on acrylamide induced toxicityhowever, further in vivo studies are required to clarify the effect of resveratrol on both acrylamide-induced toxicity and anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Li, Hong Bing 1966. "Pharmacological characterization of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor found in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the rat liver, heart and kidney." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277848.
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In the present study, we have demonstrated that PBR sites are present in the microsomal fraction from rat liver, heart and kidney, which we have named the non-mitochondrial PBR. The non-mitochondrial PBR was pharmacologically characterized by porphyrin competition experiments. The ability of porphyrins to differentially compete for specific (3H) Ro5-4864 or (3H) PK11195 binding demonstrated that the mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial PBR have different affinities for selected porphyrin compounds. These results suggest that the mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial PBR have a different binding pharmacology and support the existence of a non-mitochondrial PBR site. On the other hand, porphyrins show different potencies in competing for specific (3H) Ro5-4864 and (3H) PK11195 binding in the same fraction. In addition, the results of saturation experiments show that there are more PK11195 binding sites than Ro5-4864 binding sites in all fractions examined. This observation suggests that the sites labeled by (3H) Ro5-4864 and (3H) PK11195 are not identical.
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Viera, Omar Antonio Gonzales. "Patologia comparada das hepatopatias e nefropatias em cetáceos do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-07102013-120229/.
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Nos mamíferos, o fígado e o rim são órgãos fundamentais para uma adequada homeostase. Nos cetáceos, são de especial importância frente aos desafios da vida no ambiente marinho. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as principais lesões hepáticas e renais de cetáceos do Brasil, utilizando-se amostras mantidas junto ao Banco de Tecidos de Mamíferos Marinhos (BTMM), Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens. Para a caracterização das lesões foram utilizadas técnicas anatomopatológicas, imuno-histoquímicas e ultraestrutural. Foram estudados 197 cetáceos de 18 espécies, encontrados mortos em decorrência de captura incidental em apetrecho de pesca, encalhe ou após tentativas de reabilitação. A principal espécie amostrada foi toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) com 65,9% (130/197) dos casos. Quanto à distribuição geográfica as amostras provieram principalmente do estado de São Paulo (41,6%, 82/197), seguido do Rio Grande do Sul (36,5%, 72/192) e Ceará (11,7%, 23/197). Entre as principais lesões hepáticas diagnosticadas, as inclusões hialinas citoplasmáticas (IHC) apresentaram maior frequência (46,3%, 88/190), seguidas pelas hepatites portais linfoplasmocíticas crônicas observadas em 36,5% (69/190), esteatose, em 14,2% (27/190), hepatite necrótica, em 4,7% (9/190), e colangiohepatite parasitária, em 2,6% (5/190) dos casos. A ocorrência de IHC foi mais frequente em animais capturados do que encalhados. Entre as principais lesões renais diagnosticadas, a glomerulonefrite membranosa apresentou maior frequência (14,5%, 28/192). Foram observadas também glomerulonefrine membranoproliferativa, em 10,4% (20/192), nefrite intersticial, em 10,9% (21/192), cistos simples, em 4,16% (8/192), doença glomerulocística primária, em 4,6% (9/192), doença glomerulocística secundária (DGCS), em 8,3% (16/192), e doença renal policística e adenoma tubular, com 0,5% (1/192) de ocorrência cada. A incidência de DGCS apresentou diferença entre as espécies, sendo menos frequente em toninhas do que nos demais cetáceos. Um boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) morto em decorrência de captura incidental na baia de Paranaguá, Paraná, foi diagnosticado com toxoplasmose e devido à sua importância, fragmentos de todos seus órgãos, disponíveis no BTMM, foram avaliados. O presente estudo reflete a relevância em manter o BTMM, o qual consiste em uma fonte de informação ímpar, que possibilita a realização de estudos retroativos em tecidos de cetáceos e outras espécies de mamíferos aquáticos. O presente trabalho traz contribuições sobre as enfermidades em cetáceos, e aborda de maneira sistemática as lesões hepáticas e renais nestas espécies. Futuros estudos são necessários para elucidar aspectos sobre o impacto das lesões renais e hepáticas e sua relação com as condições mórbidas dos cetáceos, bem como para avaliar o impacto da toxoplasmose, nos cetáceos e outros mamíferos marinhos brasileiros.In mammals, the main organs for an adequate homeostase are the liver and the kidney. These organs in Cetaceans have especial importance because of the challenges of life in a marine environment. This study had as main objective find the principal hepatic and renal lesions in Cetaceans from Brazil. Samples from the Marine Mammal Tissue Bank (BTMM) of the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology of Wild Animals were used. Anatomopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed. A total of 197 cetaceans belonging to 18 species were studied. They were found dead because of incidental capture or after attempts of rehabilitation for the stranded ones. Franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) was the principal specie sampled with a 65,9% (130/197) of the cases. Related to geographic distribution, samples were more frequent in São Paulo state (41,6%, 82/197), then Rio Grande do Sul (36,5%, 72/192) and Ceará (11,7%, 23/197). The hepatic lesions found include: hyaline cytoplasmatic inclusions (IHC) (46,3%, 88/190), lymphoplasmacytic chronic portal hepatitis (36,5%, 69/190), steatosis (14,2%, 27/190), necrotic hepatitis (4,7%, 9/190) and parasitic colangiohepatitis (2,6% , 5/190). The occurrences of IHC were more frequent in captured animals than stranded. The main kidney lesion found was the membranous glomerulonephritis (14,5%, 28/192). Additionally, there were observed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (10,4%, 20/192), intersticial nephritis (10,9%, 21/192), simple cysts 4,16% (8/192), glomerulocystic primary disease (4,6%, 9/192), glomerulocystic secondary disease (DGCS) (8,3% ,16/192) and polycystic kidney disease and tubular adenome (0,5%, 1/192). The incidence of DGCS differ among species, in Fransiscanas it was less frequent than in other cetaceans. A Guiana Dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) dead by incidental capture in the bay of Paranaguá, Paraná, was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis and because of its importance, fragments of all its organs available on BTMM, were evaluated. This study reflects the relevance to maintain the BTMM as an important primary source of information, enabling the realization of future reprospective studies in tissues of whales and other species of aquatic mammals. Furthermore, this study presents contributions on cetacean diseases and addresses in a systematic way lesions in the liver and kidney in these species. Future studies are necessary to elucidate aspects of the impact of renal and hepatic lesions and their relation to the morbid conditions of cetaceans, as well as to evaluate the impact of toxoplasmosis in cetaceans and other marine mammals in Brazil.
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Gorevski, Elizabeth. "Association Between Immunosuppressant Therapy Medication Adherence and Depression, Quality of Life and Personality Traits in the Kidney and Liver Transplant Population." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1317155685.
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Mohammed, Noor Ahmed. "The cyto-toxicity of some chemotherapeutic drugs on liver and kidney cell lines and the protective role of Ca2+ binding proteins." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7530/.
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Cancer Chemotherapy treatment involves the administration of drugs to patients, these drugs mainly work by interacting with the cell cycle or inhibiting DNA synthesis. Unfortunately, the toxicity of these chemotherapy drugs is severe and can have serious side-effects on different tissues and organs of the body. In chemotherapy treatment about 85% of cancer patients exhibit some degree of liver or kidney damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of some of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs; Methotrexate (MTX), Etoposide, Cisplatin and Doxorubicin (DOX) on liver and kidney cell lines (HepG2, Huh7.5, COS-7 and HK2). Therefore, our focus were on studying the molecular mechanism by which these drugs cause cell death in liver and kidney cells. This study also investigated the effects of some Ca2+ binding proteins (RGN, SERCA1, SERCA2b, SPCA1a, SPCA2) to test their ability to decrease the toxicity of these chemotherapeutic drugs in liver and kidney cells. The results showed that Etoposide, Cisplatin and DOX induce cell death in both kidney and liver cell lines via several different pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. The results presented here also showed that several of the drugs used induced cell death by a novel new autophagic pathway in liver and kidney cells. Our data also suggested that regucalcin (RGN) and the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pumps (SERCA1 and SERCA2b), but not the secretory pathway Ca2+ pumps (SPCA1a and SPCA2) were able to protect against different types of chemotherapy-induced toxicity in liver and kidney cells. These new observations will help to build up our awareness of the diverse effect of these drugs have on liver and kidney cells and may also help to develop protective interventions and strategies in the future to reduce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by these drugs.
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Huang, Weili. "Impact of CYP3A5 and P-glycoprotein on hepatic and renal drug clearance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7965.
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Abdelhadi, Mohamed Mohamed. "Posttransplantation bone disease : the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on bone: clinical and experimental studies /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-384-8/.
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Hendy, K. M. "The effects of gestational age and placental restriction on the expression of 11[Beta] - hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase in fetal sheep liver and kidney /." Title page and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MSB/09msbh498.pdf.
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Hirano, Elcio Shiyoiti 1968. "Avaliação das variaveis metabolicas, hemodinamicas e sequestro de neutrofilos no rim de rato como efeitos da isquemia e reperfusão hepatica total apos choque hemorragico controlado com uso de diferentes soluções de reanimação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311261.
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Orientador: Mario MantovaniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: No Brasil, o trauma é uma das principais causas de mortalidade do adulto jovem e o choque hemorrágico é uma das situações críticas que está presente na maioria dos traumatizados graves. Dependendo da duração e intensidade, o choque hemorrágico torna-se responsável pela instalação da síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica , ativando os neutrófilos que aderem ao endotélio e, por diapedese, seqüestram-se no interstício dos órgãos, onde iniciam a produção de radicais livres (O2-) estabelecendo lesão tecidual local. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o seqüestro de neutrófilos no rim de rato, como efeito da isquemia e reperfusão hepática total após estado de choque hemorrágico controlado, com uso de diferentes soluções eletrolíticas. Utilizou-se 18 ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, divididos em três grupos conforme a solução utilizada para reanimação: Grupo SF: solução fisiológica; Grupo SH: solução hipertônica de NaCl a 7,5% seguido pela solução de Ringer com lactato; Grupo RL: solução de Ringer com lactato. Todos os animais foram submetidos à sangria controlada até a pressão arterial média (PAM) atingir 40 mmHg, permanecendo assim por 20 minutos. Realizou-se reanimação volêmica até PAM=80 mmHg com a solução conforme o grupo estudado. Em seguida realizou-se uma laparotomia e a manobra de Pringle por 15 minutos. Os animais foram acompanhados até duas horas. A eutanásia dos animais foi realizada com exsanguinação pelo cateter posicionado na artéria femoral esquerda. Os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e metabólicos foram avaliados para caracterização do estado de choque controlado: pressão arterial média, freqüência cardíaca, índice cardíaco, índice de resistência vascular sistêmica, pH, bicarbonato, reserva de base, lactato e eletrólitos. Para comparações estatísticas entre as contagens de neutrófilos, no interstício do córtex renal, foram efetuados os testes ANOVA e a análise de covariância, ajustando-se para o tempo de sobrevida. O volume de reanimação utilizado no tratamento do choque hemorrágico foi menor no GSH em comparação ao GRL, entretanto sem diferença estatística com GSF. O GSH apresentou maior nível de lactato em 60 minutos de reperfusão em relação ao GSF, entretanto sem diferença estatística com GRL. Os valores médios de tempo de sobrevida, em minutos, por grupo foram: Grupo SF: 79,0±12,0; Grupo RL: 97,0±11,0; Grupo SH: 67,0±10. Os valores médios da contagem de neutrófilos/campo no córtex renal foram: Grupo SF: 0,55±0,68; Grupo RL: 1,68±0,53; Grupo SH: 1,33±0,43. E, quando são ajustados para o tempo de sobrevida, encontraram-se: Grupo SF: 0,55; Grupo RL: 1,62; Grupo SH: 1,39. O GSF apresentou diferença estatística na contagem de neutrófilos com os demais, usando-se ou não o ajuste pelo tempo de sobrevida (p=0,016 e p=0,0128)
Abstract: In Brazil, the trauma is the main cause of death in young adults and hemorrhagic shock is one of the critical situations present in the major traumatism. Depending on duration and intensity, the hemorrhagic shock becomes responsible for the beginning of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, activating neutrophils, which adhere to endothelium and for diapedesis sequestration on interstitium of the organs, where they initiate the production of free radicals (O2-), and promoting local lesion. The goal in this present study was to evaluate and compare neutrophils sequestration in the renal cortex of rats resultanting from total hepatic ischemia and reperfusion after controlled hemorrhagic shock, with use of different electrolytic solutions. Eighteen male adult rats Wista were divided into three equal groups according to the solution used to reanimation: Group PSS: physiologic saline solution; Group HSS: hypertonic saline hypertonic (7,5%) followed by lactated ringer¿s solution; Group LRS: lactated Ringer¿s solution. All animals were submitted to controlled bleeding maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) around 40 mmHg for 20 minutes. Volume infusion was performed to obtain and maintain a MAP=80 mmHg with the specific solution according to the studied group, followed by laparotomy and Pringle's maneuver for 15 minutes. The animals were observed until for two hours. The euthanasia of animals was perfomed by exsanguination via left femoral artery. The hemodynamic parameters were: MAP, heat rate, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index. The analyzed serum metabolic variables were: pH, bicarbonate, base deficit, lactato and electrolytes. For statistical comparisons between mean of neutrophils sequestration in interstitium of the renal cortex, One-way ANOVA and covariance analysis were used, adjusting itself for time of supervened. The mean total volume replacement for hemorrhagic shock was lesser in Group HSS than in Group LRS, and these values were not statiscally significant different from Group PSS. The Group HSS demonstrated greather lactate mean values at 60 minutes of reperfusion compared with Group PSS (p=NS in relation to Group LRS. The mean values of supervened, in minutes, for group were: Group PSS 79.0±12.0; Group 97,0±11,0; Group HSS 67.0±10. The mean values of neutrophils/field in the renal cortex : Group PSS 0.55±0.68; Group LRS 1.68±0.53; Group HSS 1.33±0.43. When adjusted for time of supervened: Group PSS 0.55; Group LRS 1.62; Group HSS 1.39. There was significant difference in neutrophils sequestration between Group PSS regarding the other groups, using itself or not the adjustment by time of supervened (p=0,016 and p=0,0128)
Doutorado
Cirurgia
Doutor em Cirurgia
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Urbenjapol, Supanee. "Changes in plasma nitrate concentrations, liver and kidney flavin-containing monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 2a5 and metal contents in cadmium and bacterial endotoxin exposed mice /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16190.pdf.
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Farag, Hazem I. A. "Studies of multiple forms of glutamyltransferase : a comparative study, and further evidence of their localization & distribution in human and rabbit liver and kidney." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47429.
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Adams, Jacob James. "A coupled electromagnetic-thermal model of heating during radiofrequency ablation." Connect to resource, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1191454972.
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Arauco, Luis Ricardo Romero [UNESP]. "Efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis em girinos de rã touro (Rana Catesbeiana)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100223.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Foi avaliado o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis (0,0; 0,2; 0,5; 1,0; e 1,5 %) misturado em ração comercial (45 % Proteína Bruta), em girinos de rã-touro. Foram utilizados 1400 girinos no estágio 26 da tabela de Gosner (1960), distribuídos em 20 tanques experimentais com 70 litros de água, na densidade de um girino por litro. O arraçoamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia. Para análise dos dados do ganho de peso, comprimento, sobrevivência, conversão alimentar, consumo de ração e metamorfose, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. No final do experimento, foi colhido sangue do vaso caudal, de cinco girinos de cada repetição. A contagem diferencial de leucócitos foi realizada em extensões coradas pelo método de Rosenfeld (1947), em microscopia de luz. Foram contadas 100 células por lâmina. Para avaliar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis na porcentagem de leucócitos, usou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. Para análise histológica no final do experimento foram sacrificados três girinos de cada repetição e retirada amostras do rim, fígado e intestino para lâminas histológicas. As amostras foram fixadas em formol, desidratadas em uma série de álcool, coradas com HE, analisadas e fotomicrografadas com fotomicroscópio Axiophot- Zeiss em microscópio óptico e medido com micrometro ocular a espessura do epitélio intestinal. Para análise estatística dos dados foi usado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. A sobrevivência, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e comprimento dos girinos, não foram influenciados pelo extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis. O ganho de peso foi influenciado significativamente (P < 0,05) observando-se...
The effect of the propolis hidroalcoolic extract was evaluated (0.0; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 %) mixed to the commercial ration (45 % CP) in bullfrog tadpoles. 1,400 tadpoles were used at stage 26 (Gosner ,1960), distributed in twenty experimental tanks with 70 liters of water, in the density of one tadpole per liter. The feding was four times a day. For analysis of the data of the weight gain, length, survival, feed conversion, ration consumption and metamorphosis were used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions. In the end of the experiment, it was picked the blood of the vase flow, of five tadpoles of each repetition. The differential counting of leuccytes was accomplished in red-faced extensions by the method of Rosenfeld (1947), in light microscopia. To evaluate the effect of the propolis hidroalcoolic extract in the percentage of leucocytes, were used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions. They were counted 100 cells for sheet. For histological analysis in the end of the experiment three tadpoles of each repetition were sacrificed and samples of the kidney, liver and intestine were removed for you laminate histological. The samples were fastened in formol, dehydrated in one serializes of alcohol, red-faced with HE analyzed and fotomicrographed with fotomicroscópio Axioskop-Zeiss in optical and measured microscope with ocular micrometer the espessor of the intestinal epithelium. For statistical analysis of the data were used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions. The survival, ration consumption, feed conversion and length of the tadpoles, were not influenced by the propolis hidroalcoolic extract. The weight gain was influenced significantly (P< 0,05) being observed a worse in the tadpoles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Owens, Megan M. (Megan Mary) 1976. "Preliminary design of an implantable boisensor for the detection and differentiation of acute rejection, vascular occlusion, and infection in the liver or kidney transplant graft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89283.
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Domar, Ulla. "Human intestinal alkaline phosphatase : tissue expression and serum levels." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk kemi och biofysik, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103811.
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Human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) comprises four isozymes, viz liver/bone/ kidney or tissue unspecific (AP), intestinal (LAP), placental (PLAP) and germ cell or PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase, with their main expression in specific tissues as indicated by their names. The isozymes are coded by different genes, but they are closely related, with more than 50% amino acid sequence homologies. Their biological function is unclear. In certain malignant and benign diseases, serum elevations of one or more of the isozymes occur, which is of diagnostic importance. In this study, the special expression of the intestinal isozyme in human tissues and sera, in normal as well as in pathological conditions, has been investigated by use of isozyme specific monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies against the AP, IAP and PLAP isozymes were prepared, and specific assays developed, based on these monoclonal antibodies and the catalytic activity of the isozymes. By use of these assays the basal levels of all three isozymes were examined in selected normal organs. The isozymes were found to be expressed in measurable amounts in all the examined organs. IAP was immunohistochemically localized to the epithelial cells of membranes lining the ducts and tubules of the kidney, liver, pancreas and small intestine. Normal human serum contained all three isozymes. The AP isozyme constituted about 90% of the total ALP activity, the IAP isozyme less than 10% and the PLAP isozyme about 1%. Considerable interindividual variations of the serum IAP activity were observed. The serum activities of the IAP isozyme were related to the individual ABO blood group and secretor status. Non-secretors had low levels of IAP activity amounting to about one tenth of the activity in sera from blood group B or 0 secretors, while blood group A secretors had serum IAP activities in the same order as non-secretors. High individual day to day variations were observed. Fat absorption caused serum IAP to increase significantly for all persons, but it was rapidly cleared from the blood. We found that the release of IAP into the blood was linked to lipid absorption, but removal from the blood was not linked to lipoprotein clearance. Certain tumors of the testis expressed elevated levels of all three ALP isozymes. The highest activitiy of LAP was observed in one yolk sac tumor, in agreement with the endodermal origin of this tumor. In seminoma tissue the AP and PLAP isozymes were significantly, and IAP moderately elevated. Cirrhosis of the liver caused significantly increased serum levels of IAP besides the AP isozyme. In inflammatory diseases of the small intestine, normal serum IAP activities were observed.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 7 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Silva, Paulo GoberlÃnio de Barros. "AvaliaÃÃo das alteraÃÃes sistÃmicas e hematolÃgicas em modelo experimental de Osteonecrose dos Maxilares Induzida por Ãcido ZoledrÃnico." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12554.
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IntroduÃÃo: Diversos mecanismos tÃm sido propostos para explicar a Osteonecrose dos Maxilares induzida por Bisfosfonatos (OMB), mas nÃo hà consenso acerca do desenvolvimento fisiopatolÃgico dessa condiÃÃo. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de alteraÃÃes sistÃmicas e hematolÃgicas que possam interferir no desenvolvimento de OMB. MÃtodos: ApÃs trÃs infusÃes venosas semanais consecutivas de Ãcido ZoledrÃnico (AZ) (0,04, 0,20, 1,00mg/kg) ou salina (controle), ratos Wistar machos (n=6-7) tiveram seus primeiros molares inferiores esquerdos extraÃdos quatro semanas apÃs a Ãltima administraÃÃo. Uma semana apÃs exodontia foi realizada infusÃo extra de AZ ou salina (controle), sendo os animais sacrificados 28 dias apÃs a exodontia. Os animais foram pesados e foi coletado sangue semanalmente (anÃlise de variaÃÃo de peso corpÃreo e anÃlise hematolÃgica, respectivamente), alÃm disso, mandÃbulas, fÃgado, baÃo, rins e estÃmago foram removidos e analisados microscopicamente. Resultados: Obervou0se necrose Ãssea nos animais tratados com 0,20 e 1,00 mg/kg de AZ sob os aspectos radiogrÃficos e histolÃgicos (p<0.0001). Nesses dois grupos houve aumento significativo do nÃmero de leucÃcitos circulantes (p<0.0001) em relaÃÃo ao grupo controle e os Ãndices de anemia (p<0.0001) tambÃm se mostraram superiores. NÃo houve toxicidade hepÃtica e renal, no entanto o baÃo apresentou nÃmero aumentado de deposiÃÃo de pigmentos de hemossiderina nos dois grupos experimentais (p=0.0004), os quais apresentaram tambÃm significante alteraÃÃo inflamatÃria gÃstrica (p=0.0168). ConclusÃo: a OMB està diretamente associada a leucocitose, anemia e provÃvel toxicidade sistÃmica (hematolÃgica e ÃrgÃo-especÃfica).Introduction: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Bisphosphonates (OMB), but there is no consensus about the pathophysiological development of this condition. Objective: To evaluate the effect of systemic and hematologic changes that may interfere with the development of OMB. Methods: After three consecutive weekly venous infusions of zoledronic acid (AZ) (0.04, 0.20, 1,00mg / kg) or saline (control), male Wistar rats (n = 6-7) had their first molars left extracted four weeks after the last administration. A week after extraction extra infusion of AZ or saline (control) was performed, and the animals were sacrificed 28 days after the extraction. The animals were weighed and blood was collected weekly (analysis of variance in body weight and hematologic analysis, respectively) furthermore jaws, liver, spleen, kidney and stomach were removed and examined microscopically. Results: Obervou0se bone necrosis in animals treated with 0.20 and 1.00 mg / kg of AZ under the radiographic and histological aspects (p <0.0001). In both groups there was a significant increase in the number of circulating leukocytes (p <0.0001) compared to the control group and the rates of anemia (p <0.0001) were also higher. There was no liver and kidney toxicity, however the spleen showed increased numbers of hemosiderin pigment deposition in both experimental groups (p = 0.0004), which also showed a significant gastric inflammatory changes (p = 0.0168). Conclusion: The OMB is directly associated with leukocytosis, anemia and probable (hematologic and organ-specific) systemic toxicity.