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Journal articles on the topic 'Kidney glomerulus Diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Beeman, Scott C., Min Zhang, Lina Gubhaju, Teresa Wu, John F. Bertram, David H. Frakes, Brian R. Cherry, and Kevin M. Bennett. "Measuring glomerular number and size in perfused kidneys using MRI." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 300, no. 6 (June 2011): F1454—F1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00044.2011.

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The goal of this work was to nondestructively measure glomerular (and thereby nephron) number in the whole kidney. Variations in the number and size of glomeruli have been linked to many renal and systemic diseases. Here, we develop a robust magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique based on injection of cationic ferritin (CF) to produce an accurate measurement of number and size of individual glomeruli. High-field (19 Tesla) gradient-echo MR images of perfused rat kidneys after in vivo intravenous injection of CF showed specific labeling of individual glomeruli with CF throughout the kidney.

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2

KITAMURA, MASANORI. "Renal Transfer of Genetically Engineered Cells." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11, suppl 2 (November 2000): S154—S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v11suppl_2s154.

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Abstract. For many years, ex vivo gene transfer has been used for genetic manipulation of various organs. In the kidney, ex vivo gene transfer was reported using mesangial cells and macrophages. In rats, cultured cells injected into the renal artery are accumulated selectively in the glomerulus. With this approach, it is possible to transfer genetically engineered cells to normal and diseased glomeruli. The transfer of genetically engineered cells to glomeruli can be used for several purposes. With the use of resident glomerular cells engineered in vitro, it is possible to examine how the cell

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3

Wang, Honglian, Jingyi Sheng, Huijun He, Xiaocui Chen, Jinhong Li, Ruizhi Tan, Li Wang, and Hui-Yao Lan. "A simple and highly purified method for isolation of glomeruli from the mouse kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 317, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): F1217—F1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00293.2019.

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Highly purified mouse glomeruli are of great value for studying glomerulus-associated kidney diseases. Here, we developed a simple and rapid procedure for mouse glomerular isolation with large quantity and high purity based on the combination of size-selective sieving and differential adhesion techniques, which we termed the “differential adhesion method.” In this method, mouse renal cortices were minced and digested with collagenase. Glomeruli were disassociated from tubules by successive sieving through 105-, 75-, and 40-μm cell strainers. The retained glomeruli-rich preparation on the 40-μm

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4

Yoshida, Yutaka, Masahito Miyamoto, Izumi Taguchi, Bo Xu, Ying Zhang, Eishin Yaoita, Hidehiko Fujinaka, and Tadashi Yamamoto. "Human kidney glomerulus proteome and biomarker discovery of kidney diseases." PROTEOMICS – CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 2, no. 3 (March 2008): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prca.200780016.

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5

Zhu, D., Y. Kim, M. W. Steffes, T. J. Groppoli, R. J. Butkowski, and S. M. Mauer. "Application of electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to the human kidney: distribution of type IV and type VI collagen in normal human kidney." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 5 (May 1994): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.5.8157929.

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We used immunogold electron microscopic (IEM) techniques with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde-fixed and Lowicryl-embedded or cryopreserved tissues to study the distribution of alpha 1(IV) and alpha 3(IV) chains of Types IV and VI collagen in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial matrix of glomeruli in normal human kidneys. Monoclonal antibodies to alpha 1(IV) and alpha 3(IV) collagen chains and Type VI collagen could be detected only with cryoultramicrotomy, whereas polyclonal anti-Type IV collagen antibody was detectable in Lowicryl-embedded tissue. Ultrastructural detail was bet

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6

PATRAKKA, JAAKKO, VESA RUOTSALAINEN, ILKKA KETOLA, CHRISTER HOLMBERG, MARKKU HEIKINHEIMO, KARL TRYGGVASON, and HANNU JALANKO. "Expression of Nephrin in Pediatric Kidney Diseases." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 2 (February 2001): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v122289.

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Abstract. Nephrin is a podocyte cell adhesion protein located at the slit diaphragm area of the kidney glomerulus. Mutations in the nephrin gene (NPHS1) lead to congenital nephrosis, suggesting that nephrin is essential for the glomerular filtration barrier. This prompted this study of the expression of nephrin in acquired pediatric kidney diseases usingin situhybridization and immunohistochemistry.In situhybridization for nephrin mRNA was performed in biopsy samples from patients with proteinuria caused by minimal change nephrosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropath

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7

SUZUKI, DAISUKE, TOSHIO MIYATA, MASAOMI NANGAKU, HIDEO TAKANO, NOBORU SAOTOME, MASAO TOYODA, YASUO MORI, et al. "Expression of Megsin mRNA, a Novel Mesangium-Predominant Gene, in the Renal Tissues of Various Glomerular Diseases." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 10, no. 12 (December 1999): 2606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v10122606.

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Abstract. Mesangial cells play an important role in maintaining a structure and function of the glomerulus and in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. Recently, we discovered a new mesangium-predominant gene termed “megsin.” Megsin is a novel protein that belongs to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. To elucidate the pathophysiologic role of megsin in the kidney, the expression and localization of megsin mRNA in renal tissues of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA-N), diabetic nephropathy (DN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and norma

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8

Rodriguez, Patricia Q., Asmundur Oddsson, Lwaki Ebarasi, Bing He, Kjell Hultenby, Annika Wernerson, Christer Betsholtz, Karl Tryggvason, and Jaakko Patrakka. "Knockdown of Tmem234 in zebrafish results in proteinuria." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 309, no. 11 (December 1, 2015): F955—F966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00525.2014.

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Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells located at the outer aspects of the glomerular capillary tuft and critical components of the kidney filtration barrier. To maintain their unique features, podocytes express a number of proteins that are only sparsely found elsewhere in the body. In this study, we have identified four (Tmem234, Znf185, Lrrc49, and Slfn5) new highly podocyte-enriched proteins. The proteins are strongly expressed by podocytes, while other parts of the kidney show only weak or no expression. Tmem234, Slfn5, and Lrrc49 are located in foot processes, whereas Znf185 i

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9

Beck, Karl-Friedrich, and Josef Pfeilschifter. "The Pathophysiology of H2S in Renal Glomerular Diseases." Biomolecules 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12020207.

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Renal glomerular diseases such as glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy often result in the loss of glomerular function and consequently end-stage renal disease. The glomerulus consists of endothelial cells, mesangial cells and glomerular epithelial cells also referred to as podocytes. A fine-tuned crosstalk between glomerular cells warrants control of growth factor synthesis and of matrix production and degradation, preserving glomerular structure and function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) belongs together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) to the group of gasotransmitters. Durin

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10

Lee, Hsi-Chieh, and Ahmad Fauzan Aqil. "Combination of Transfer Learning Methods for Kidney Glomeruli Image Classification." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031040.

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The rising global incidence of chronic kidney disease necessitates the development of image categorization of renal glomeruli. COVID-19 has been shown to enter the glomerulus, a tissue structure in the kidney. This study observes the differences between focal-segmental, normal and sclerotic renal glomerular tissue diseases. The splitting and combining of allied and multivariate models was accomplished utilizing a combined technique using existing models. In this study, model combinations are created by using a high-accuracy accuracy-based model to improve other models. This research exhibits e

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11

Puelles, Victor G., Luise A. Cullen-McEwen, Georgina E. Taylor, Jinhua Li, Michael D. Hughson, Peter G. Kerr, Wendy E. Hoy, and John F. Bertram. "Human podocyte depletion in association with older age and hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 310, no. 7 (April 1, 2016): F656—F668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00497.2015.

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Podocyte depletion plays a major role in the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis. Many kidney diseases are more common in older age and often coexist with hypertension. We hypothesized that podocyte depletion develops in association with older age and is exacerbated by hypertension. Kidneys from 19 adult Caucasian American males without overt renal disease were collected at autopsy in Mississippi. Demographic data were obtained from medical and autopsy records. Subjects were categorized by age and hypertension as potential independent and additive contributors to podocyte depleti

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12

Lay, Abigail C., A. Fern Barrington, Jenny A. Hurcombe, Raina D. Ramnath, Mark Graham, Philip A. Lewis, Marieangela C. Wilson, et al. "A role for NPY-NPY2R signaling in albuminuric kidney disease." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 27 (June 19, 2020): 15862–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004651117.

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Albuminuria is an independent risk factor for the progression to end-stage kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity, and premature death. As such, discovering signaling pathways that modulate albuminuria is desirable. Here, we studied the transcriptomes of podocytes, key cells in the prevention of albuminuria, under diabetic conditions. We found thatNeuropeptide Y (NPY)was significantly down-regulated in insulin-resistant vs. insulin-sensitive mouse podocytes and in human glomeruli of patients with early and late-stage diabetic nephropathy, as well as other nondiabetic glomerular diseases. Thi

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13

Okabe, Masahiro, Yoichi Miyazaki, Fumio Niimura, Ira Pastan, Akira Nishiyama, Takashi Yokoo, Iekuni Ichikawa, and Taiji Matsusaka. "Unilateral ureteral obstruction attenuates intrarenal angiotensin II generation induced by podocyte injury." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 308, no. 8 (April 15, 2015): F932—F937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00444.2014.

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The renal tissue renin-angiotensin system is activated in chronic kidney diseases. We previously demonstrated that intrarenal ANG II is synthesized primarily from liver-derived angiotensinogen filtered through the glomerulus and that podocyte injury increases the passage of angiotensinogen into the tubular lumen and generation of ANG II. In the present study, we tested the effect of cessation of glomerular filtration by ureteral obstruction on renal ANG II generation in kidneys with podocyte injury under two experimental conditions. Ureteral obstruction is known to activate the renin-angiotens

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14

Scott, Rizaldy P., and Susan E. Quaggin. "The cell biology of renal filtration." Journal of Cell Biology 209, no. 2 (April 27, 2015): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201410017.

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The function of the kidney, filtering blood and concentrating metabolic waste into urine, takes place in an intricate and functionally elegant structure called the renal glomerulus. Normal glomerular function retains circulating cells and valuable macromolecular components of plasma in blood, resulting in urine with just trace amounts of proteins. Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries, the podocytes wrapped around them, and the fused extracellular matrix these cells form altogether comprise the glomerular filtration barrier, a dynamic and highly selective filter that sieves on the basis

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15

Trimarchi, H., M. Paulero, T. Rengel, I. González-Hoyos, M. Forrester, F. Lombi, V. Pomeranz, R. Iriarte, and A. Iotti. "Mucin-1 Gene Mutation and the Kidney: The Link between Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease and Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis." Case Reports in Nephrology 2018 (July 31, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9514917.

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Glomerular diseases are one of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis being one of the commonest glomerulopathies. However, the etiology of this glomerular entity, which merely depicts a morphologic pattern of disease, is often not established and, in most of the patients, remains unknown. Nephrologists tend to assume focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis as a definitive diagnosis. However, despite the increasing knowledge developed in the field, genetic causes of glomerular diseases are currently identified in fewer than 10% of chronic kidn

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16

Kramer, Holly. "Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease." Advances in Nutrition 10, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019): S367—S379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz011.

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ABSTRACT Kidney disease affects almost 15% of the US population, and prevalence is anticipated to grow as the population ages and the obesity epidemic continues due to Western dietary practices. The densely caloric Western diet, characterized by high animal protein and low fruit and vegetable content, has fueled the growth of chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease. The glomerulus or filtering unit of the kidney is very susceptible to barotrauma, and diets high in animal protein impede the glomerulus’ ability to protect itself from hemodynamic injury. High animal protein intake comb

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17

Shah, Hitesh H., Nupur N. Uppal, and Mark A. Perazella. "Cancer drugs and the glomerulus." Journal of Onco-Nephrology 2, no. 2-3 (June 2018): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399369318815418.

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Several chemotherapeutics including novel immunotherapies and targeted therapies have recently been approved for the treatment of various cancers. Several nephrotoxicities secondary to treatment with chemotherapeutics have been described in patients with cancer. Acute kidney injury from acute tubular necrosis and acute interstitial nephritis is commonly reported nephrotoxicities following treatment with cancer drugs. Although less common, several glomerular lesions include minimal change disease, collapsing and non-collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis secondary to chemotherapy-related

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18

Patel, Sanket, Kalyani Kulkarni, and Tahir Hussain. "Protecting glomerulus: role of angiotensin-II type 2 receptor." Clinical Science 136, no. 20 (October 2022): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20220396.

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Abstract Podocyte injury due to either drug, toxin, infection, or metabolic abnormality is a great concern as it increases the risk of developing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and proteinuric kidney diseases. The direct podocyte injury due to doxorubicin is associated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and induction of cathepsin L. The increased activity of cathepsin L in turn may degrade the glomerular slit diaphragm resulting in proteinuric kidney injury. The angiotensin-II type 2 receptor (AT2R) has earlier been reported to be associated with the preservation of slit

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19

Schreiner, G. F., and D. E. Kohan. "Regulation of renal transport processes and hemodynamics by macrophages and lymphocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 258, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): F761—F767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.258.4.f761.

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Inflammatory diseases of the renal glomerulus and interstitium are characterized by numerous alterations in renal glomerular hemodynamics and tubule transport processes. The cellular mechanisms underlying these changes have been theoretically attributed to nephron toxicity and destruction. However, recent studies suggest that many of the alterations in renal physiology may be mediated by specific immune cell-derived factors. Macrophages release a variety of cytokines on activation. One of these monokines, interleukin 1, induces a natriuresis by direct inhibition of collecting duct sodium reabs

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20

Liang, Chun-ling, Jun-biao Wu, Jie-mei Lai, Shu-fang Ye, Jin Lin, Hui Ouyang, Janis Ya-xian Zhan, and Jiu-yao Zhou. "Protection Effect of Zhen-Wu-Tang on Adriamycin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome via Inhibiting Oxidative Lesions and Inflammation Damage." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/131604.

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Zhen-wu-tang (ZWT), a well-known formula in China, is widely used to treat chronic kidney diseases. However, very little information on ZWT’s mechanism of action is currently available. In this study, we investigated the possible protective role and underlying mechanism of ZWT on nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by Adriamycin (intravenous injection, 6.0 mg/kg) in rats using biochemical and histopathological approaches. ZWT decreased urine protein excretion and the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine significantly in diseased rats. A decrease in

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21

Endres, Bradley T., Ruben M. Sandoval, George J. Rhodes, Silvia B. Campos-Bilderback, Malgorzata M. Kamocka, Christopher McDermott-Roe, Alexander Staruschenko, Bruce A. Molitoris, Aron M. Geurts, and Oleg Palygin. "Intravital imaging of the kidney in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 313, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): F163—F173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00466.2016.

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Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide and a major risk factor for renal failure and cardiovascular disease. The role of albuminuria, a common feature of hypertension and robust predictor of cardiorenal disorders, remains incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms leading to albuminuria in the kidney of a rat model of hypertension, the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat. To determine the relative contributions of the glomerulus and proximal tubule (PT) to albuminuria, we applied intravital two-photon-based imaging to investigate the comple

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22

Wenderfer, Scott. "Endothelial Cells Bind Immune Complexes in the Kidney (172.39)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 172.39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.172.39.

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Abstract Inflammatory kidney diseases often involve the deposition of antibodies (Ab) or antibody-antigen immune complexes (IC). The glomerulus is a highly evolved vascular system which filters blood to produce urine. Ab-mediated glomerular injury can lead to bleeding into the urine, protein wasting, hypertension, decreased urine output, edema, and kidney failure. However, the mechanisms by which IC deposit and the means by which they are cleared remain unclear. In order to model endothelium-Ab interactions, kidney endothelial cells (KEnCs) were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and cultured in vitro

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23

Bautista-García, Pablo, José L. Reyes, Dolores Martín, María C. Namorado, Bibiana Chavez-Munguía, Elizabeth Soria-Castro, Otmar Huber, and Lorenza González-Mariscal. "Zona occludens-2 protects against podocyte dysfunction induced by ADR in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 304, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): F77—F87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00089.2012.

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Zona occludens-2 (ZO-2) is a protein present at the tight junction and nucleus of epithelial cells. ZO-2 represses the transcription of genes regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This pathway plays a critical role in podocyte injury and proteinuria. Here, we analyze whether the overexpression of ZO-2 in the glomerulus, by hydrodynamics transfection, prevents podocyte injury mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the mouse model of adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis. By immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy, we show that ZO-2 is present in mice glomerulus, not at the slit diaphragm

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Pérez, Aurora, Isidro Torregrosa, Luis D’Marco, Isabel Juan, Liria Terradez, Miguel Ángel Solís, Francesc Moncho, Carmen Carda-Batalla, María J. Forner, and Jose Luis Gorriz. "IgA-Dominant Infection-Associated Glomerulonephritis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Viruses 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040587.

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The renal involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported. The etiology of kidney injury appears to be tubular, mainly due to the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the key joint receptor for SARS-CoV-2; however, cases with glomerular implication have also been documented. The multifactorial origin of this renal involvement could include virus-mediated injury, cytokine storm, angiotensin II pathway activation, complement dysregulation, hyper-coagulation, and microangiopathy. We present the renal histological findings from a patient who

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25

Garg, Puneet. "A Review of Podocyte Biology." American Journal of Nephrology 47, Suppl. 1 (2018): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481633.

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Background: Podocyte biology is a developing science that promises to help improve understanding of the mechanistic nature of multiple diseases associated with proteinuria. Proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome has been linked to mechanistic dysfunctions in the renal glomerulus involving the function of podocyte epithelial cells, including podocyte foot process effacement. Summary: Developments in imaging technology are improving knowledge of the detailed structure of the human renal glomerulus and cortex. Podocyte foot processes attach themselves to the glomerular capillaries at the glomerular ba

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26

Reiser, Jochen, and Mehmet M. Altintas. "Podocytes." F1000Research 5 (January 28, 2016): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7255.1.

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Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule. When it comes to glomerular filtration, podocytes play an active role in preventing plasma proteins from entering the urinary ultrafiltrate by providing a barrier comprising filtration slits between foot processes, which in aggregate represent a dynamic network of cellular extensions. Foot processes interdigitate with foot processes from adjacent podocytes and form a network of narrow and rather uniform gaps. The fenestrated endothelial cells retain bloo

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Fine, L. G., and J. T. Norman. "Renal growth responses to acute and chronic injury: routes to therapeutic intervention." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 10 (April 1992): S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v210s206.

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Knowledge of the control of cell growth and extracellular matrix deposition has assumed center stage in the understanding of how the diseased kidney responds to injury. After acute tubular injury, there may be reversible, partial depolarization of renal cells or cell necrosis. The latter requires a regenerative response, which could be under the control of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). Up-regulation of EGF receptors on viable cells provides the cell with an enhanced growth response despite a reduction in EGF production by the kidney. Acute glomerular injury involves a h

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Sato, Alex Yuri Simões, Eliane Antonioli, Rodrigo Tambellini та Alexandre Holthausen Campos. "ID1 inhibits USF2 and blocks TGF-β-induced apoptosis in mesangial cells". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 301, № 6 (грудень 2011): F1260—F1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00128.2011.

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Mesangial cells (MC) play an essential role in normal function of the glomerulus. Phenotypic changes in MC lead to the development of glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and glomerulosclerosis. The late phase of diabetic glomerulopathy is characterized by MC death and fibrosis. Current data highlight the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β as a trigger of the pathological changes observed in MC, including death by apoptosis. However, the mechanisms and mediators involved in this process are still poorly understood. Identification of novel elements involved in MC death may provide a

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Schindler, Maximilian, Antje Blumenthal, Marcus Johannes Moeller, Karlhans Endlich, and Nicole Endlich. "Adriamycin does not damage podocytes of zebrafish larvae." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): e0242436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242436.

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Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells that are essential for an intact glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney. Several glomerular diseases like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are initially due to podocyte injury and loss. Since causative treatments for FSGS are not available until today, drug screening is of great relevance. In order to test a high number of drugs, FSGS needs to be reliably induced in a suitable animal model. The zebrafish larva is an ideal model for kidney research due to the vast amount of offsprings, the rapid development of a simple kidney and a

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Leung, Nelson, Maria E. Drosou, and Samih H. Nasr. "Dysproteinemias and Glomerular Disease." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 13, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.00560117.

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Dysproteinemia is characterized by the overproduction of an Ig by clonal expansion of cells from the B cell lineage. The resultant monoclonal protein can be composed of the entire Ig or its components. Monoclonal proteins are increasingly recognized as a contributor to kidney disease. They can cause injury in all areas of the kidney, including the glomerular, tubular, and vascular compartments. In the glomerulus, the major mechanism of injury is deposition. Examples of this include Ig amyloidosis, monoclonal Ig deposition disease, immunotactoid glomerulopathy, and cryoglobulinemic GN specifica

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Seccia, Teresa, Brasilina Caroccia, Maria Piazza, and Gian Paolo Rossi. "The Key Role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Hypertensive Kidney Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14 (July 21, 2019): 3567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143567.

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Accumulating evidence indicates that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), originally described as a key process for organ development and metastasis budding in cancer, plays a key role in the development of renal fibrosis in several diseases, including hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis. We herein reviewed the concept of EMT and its role in renal diseases, with particular focus on hypertensive kidney disease, the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes mellitus. After discussing the pathophysiology of hypertensive nephropathy, the ‘classic’ view of hypertensive nep

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Roselli, Séverine, Laurence Heidet, Mireille Sich, Anna Henger, Matthias Kretzler, Marie-Claire Gubler, and Corinne Antignac. "Early Glomerular Filtration Defect and Severe Renal Disease in Podocin-Deficient Mice." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 2 (January 15, 2004): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.2.550-560.2004.

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ABSTRACT Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells covering the basement membrane of the glomerulus in the kidney. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of podocytes in glomerular filtration are still largely unknown. We generated podocin-deficient (Nphs2 −/−) mice to investigate the function of podocin, a protein expressed at the insertion of the slit diaphragm in podocytes and defective in a subset of patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nphs2 −/− mice developed proteinuria during the antenatal period and died a few days after

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Conti, F. G., L. J. Striker, S. J. Elliot, D. Andreani, and G. E. Striker. "Synthesis and release of insulinlike growth factor I by mesangial cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 255, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): F1214—F1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.6.f1214.

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Mesangial cell proliferation is a common hallmark of many glomerular diseases. The exact mechanisms inducing cell proliferation in glomerulosclerosis are not completely understood, and it remains to be determined whether growth factors play a role in this process. Insulinlike growth factor I (IGF I) has been shown to be synthesized in the kidney, and glomerular mesangial cells have receptors for and exhibit mitogenic response to IGF I. We found that mouse glomerular mesangial cells in culture synthesized and released into the culture medium a molecule with immunological and biological features

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Petrosyan, E. K., V. A. Gavrilova, B. L. Kushnir та P. E. Povilaitite. "ANСA-associated vasculitis and IGG4-associated disease - the same or different diseases?" Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 25, № 2 (13 лютого 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-2-73-78.

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IgG4-related disease (IgG4-AD), is a fibro-inflammatory condition characterized by an increase of serum IgG4 and infiltration of the tissue of affected organs by IgG4-positive plasma cells. There is a significant cross between IgG4-AB and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) – associated vasculitis (AAV) because of clinical and morphological features of both pathologies. A positive ANCA test is considered highly specific for AAV and excludes other forms of systemic diseases. However, a number of recent publications have demonstrated a combination of IgG4-AD with positive serum ANCA i

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Pandey, Kaushlendra Kumar, Wilma Delphine Silvia CR, Aparna Pandey, and Asha Agarwal. "Evaluation of renal biopsies in various kidney diseases with reference to staining." IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.achr.2021.058.

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Renal diseases of different origin and nature may produce essentially similar disturbances of renal functions and may have clinical similarities and hence there was a need to classify renal diseases more scientifically. The basic approach was to correlate clinical signs and symptoms with histological changes in the tissue, using both simple and special staining techniques so as to reach to a definitive diagnosis.The present study was conducted on renal biopsy referred to pathology department. Criteria for successful biopsy were as follows-Adequate biopsy sample size, correct processing of spec

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Adnani, Nitish Basant, and Sudung O. Pardede. "Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus pada Anak: Metode Apa yang Digunakan?" Majalah Kedokteran UKI 36, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2990.

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Abstrak Laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) adalah kecepatan filtrasi volume plasma melalui ginjal per unit waktu per luas permukaan tubuh (LPB) dan merupakan salah satu indikator utama untuk pemantauan fungsi ginjal. Standar baku emas untuk menentukan LFG saat ini adalah dengan menghitung klirens inulin ginjal. Akan tetapi, karena prosedur tersebut dinilai kompleks, maka klirens inulin tidak digunakan dalam praktik klinik. Estimasi LFG menggunakan penanda eksogen lainnya seperti kreatinin serum dan sistatin C merupakan pilihan praktis yang dapat menggantikan perhitungan klirens inulin ginjal

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Kim, Jin-Ju, Sydney S. Wilbon, and Alessia Fornoni. "Podocyte Lipotoxicity in CKD." Kidney360 2, no. 4 (February 26, 2021): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0006152020.

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CKD represents the ninth most common cause of death in the United States but, despite this large health burden, treatment options for affected patients remain limited. To remedy this, several relevant pathways have been identified that may lead to novel therapeutic options. Among them, altered renal lipid metabolism, first described in 1982, has been recognized as a common pathway in clinical and experimental CKD of both metabolic and nonmetabolic origin. This observation has led many researchers to investigate the cause of this renal parenchyma lipid accumulation and its downstream effect on

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Deng, Aihua, Kirk Conrad, and Chris Baylis. "Relaxin-mediated renal vasodilation in the rat is associated with falls in glomerular blood pressure." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 314, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): R147—R152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2017.

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Relaxin (RLX) is a pleiotropic peptide hormone with marked renal vasodilatory actions that are physiologically important during pregnancy. RLX also has potent antifibrotic actions and is being tested therapeutically in various fibrotic diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since renal vasodilation may expose the glomerulus to increased blood pressure [glomerular capillary pressure (PGC)], which exacerbates progression of CKD, we assessed the glomerular hemodynamic actions of acute (0.89 µg·100 g body wt−1·h−1 iv over 75 min) and chronic (1.5 µg·100 g body wt−1·h−1 sc) administratio

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Sen, Utpal, та Suresh C. Tyagi. "Homocysteine and Hypertension in Diabetes: Does PPARγHave a Regulatory Role?" PPAR Research 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/806538.

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Dysfunction of macro- and microvessels is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardio-renovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Renal failure and impairment of renal function due to vasoconstriction of the glomerular arteriole in diabetic nephropathy leads to renal volume retention and increase in plasma homocysteine level. Homocysteine, which is a nonprotein amino acid, at elevated levels is an independent cardio-renovascular risk factor. Homocysteine induces oxidative injury of vascular endothelial cells, involved in matrix remodeling thr

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Chen, Xiwu, Tristin D. Abair, Maria R. Ibanez, Yan Su, Mark R. Frey, Rebecca S. Dise, D. Brent Polk та ін. "Integrin α1β1 Controls Reactive Oxygen Species Synthesis by Negatively Regulating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Rac Activation". Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, № 9 (5 березня 2007): 3313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01476-06.

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ABSTRACT Integrins control many cell functions, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulation of collagen synthesis. Mesangial cells, found in the glomerulus of the kidney, are able to produce large amounts of ROS via the NADPH oxidase. We previously demonstrated that integrin α1-null mice develop worse fibrosis than wild-type mice following glomerular injury and this is due, in part, to excessive ROS production by α1-null mesangial cells. In the present studies, we describe the mechanism whereby integrin α1-null mesangial cells produce excessive ROS. Integrin α1-null me

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Lucero, Claudia M., Juan Prieto-Villalobos, Lucas Marambio-Ruiz, Javiera Balmazabal, Tanhia F. Alvear, Matías Vega, Paola Barra, Mauricio A. Retamal, Juan A. Orellana, and Gonzalo I. Gómez. "Hypertensive Nephropathy: Unveiling the Possible Involvement of Hemichannels and Pannexons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 15936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415936.

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Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for developing chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertensive nephropathy. Within the glomerulus, hypertension causes damage and activation of mesangial cells (MCs), eliciting the production of large amounts of vasoactive and proinflammatory agents. Accordingly, the activation of AT1 receptors by the vasoactive molecule angiotensin II (AngII) contributes to the pathogenesis of renal damage, which is mediated mostly by the dysfunction of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signaling. Similarly, inflammation entails complex processes, where [

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Mertowski, Sebastian, Ewelina Grywalska, Jarosław Ludian, Agnieszka Grafka, Barbara Pęksa, Jacek Roliński, and Wojciech Załuska. "The significance of Toll-like receptors in selected nephropathies." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 55, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7445.

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The diseases associated with kidney damage are an increasingly common problem in modern society and complications of chronic renal failure can result in death. Research conducted by many scientific centers, both Polish and foreign, concern the search for possible factors involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. One of the possible causes of nephropathy may include the dysfunction of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which constitute a “bridge” between innate and acquired response. TLRs are involved in receiving signals related to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as r

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Kasztan, Małgorzata, Agnieszka Piwkowska, Ewelina Kreft, Dorota Rogacka, Irena Audzeyenka, Mirosława Szczepanska-Konkel, and Maciej Jankowski. "Extracellular purines' action on glomerular albumin permeability in isolated rat glomeruli: insights into the pathogenesis of albuminuria." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 311, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): F103—F111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00567.2015.

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Purinoceptors (adrengeric receptors and P2 receptors) are expressed on the cellular components of the glomerular filtration barrier, and their activation may affect glomerular permeability to albumin, which may ultimately lead to albuminuria, a well-established risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease and development of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the in vitro and in vivo purinergic actions on glomerular filter permeability to albumin by measuring convectional albumin permeability ( Palb) in a single isolated rat glomerulus based on the v

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Kombe, Afdriansyah L., Cerelia E. C. Sugeng, and Bisuk P. Sedli. "Korelasi Lama Menyandang Diabetes Melitus dan HbA1c dengan Estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2." Medical Scope Journal 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2023): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/msj.v4i1.44732.

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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) that occur due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Poor blood sugar control in the long term can cause various diseases, one of which is chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to determine the correlation between duration of DM and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 DM patients. This was an analytical study with a retrospective approach and a cross-sectional design. were taken by using consec

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Cho, H., and E. B. Jeung. "204 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM TRANSPORT GENES EXPRESSION IN HOLSTEIN AND HANWOO (KOREAN CATTLE) IN THE DUODENUM AND KIDNEY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab204.

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Transmembranous calcium (Ca2+) channels such as Trpv5/6,Ncx1,Pmca1b are known to play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and metabolizing Ca2+ ions. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 5 and 6 (Trpv5/6) play an important role in Ca2+ absorption. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (Ncx1) and plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase1 (Pmca1b) play a role in Ca2+ excretion. Holstein cattle are known to provide higher milk production than other cattle breeds. In this respect, a higher susceptibility to hypocalcaemia that is a risk factor for many of calcium-related diseases

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Radajewska, Anna, Jakub Szyller, Joanna Niewiadomska, Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak, and Iwona Bil-Lula. "Punica granatum L. Polyphenolic Extract as an Antioxidant to Prevent Kidney Injury in Metabolic Syndrome Rats." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2023 (January 5, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6144967.

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Introduction. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitute a rapidly increasing health problem and contribute to the development of multiple comorbidities like acute and chronic kidney disease. Insulin resistance, inappropriate lipolysis, and excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with glomerulus hyperfiltration and atherosclerosis. The important component of MetS, oxidative stress, is also involved in the destabilization of kidney function and the progression of kidney injury. Natural polyphenols have the ability to reduce the harmful effect of reactive oxygen and nitrogen speci

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Brem, Andrew S., and Rujun Gong. "Therapeutic targeting of aldosterone: a novel approach to the treatment of glomerular disease." Clinical Science 128, no. 9 (January 27, 2015): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20140432.

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Numerous studies have established a role for mineralocorticoids in the development of renal fibrosis. Originally, the research focus for mineralocorticoid-induced fibrosis was on the collecting duct, where ‘classical’ mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) involved with electrolyte transport are present. Epithelial cells in this segment can, under selected circumstances, also respond to MR activation by initiating pro-fibrotic pathways. More recently, ‘non-classical’ MRs have been described in kidney cells not associated with electrolyte transport, including mesangial cells and podocytes within the

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Talyan, Sweta, Samantha Filipów, Michael Ignarski, Magdalena Smieszek, He Chen, Lucas Kühne, Linus Butt, et al. "CALINCA—A Novel Pipeline for the Identification of lncRNAs in Podocyte Disease." Cells 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030692.

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Diseases of the renal filtration unit—the glomerulus—are the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. Podocytes are the pivotal cell type for the function of this filter and focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a classic example of a podocytopathy leading to proteinuria and glomerular scarring. Currently, no targeted treatment of FSGS is available. This lack of therapeutic strategies is explained by a limited understanding of the defects in podocyte cell biology leading to FSGS. To date, most studies in the field have focused on protein-coding genes and their gene products. However

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Cojocaru, Manole, Inimioara Cojocaru, Isabela Silosi, and Camelia Vrabie. "Kidney Damage in Autoimmune Diseases." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-010-0007-x.

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Kidney Damage in Autoimmune DiseasesRenal involvement in autoimmunity has many facets. Glomerular, tubular and vascular structures are targeted and damaged as a consequence of autoimmune processes. Immunologically mediated kidney diseases represent the third most common cause of end-stage renal failure (after diabetic and hypertensive nephropathies). Appropriate evalution of patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases requires a meticulous history and physical examination, with particular attention to the urinalysis, tests of renal function and often renal biopsy. The thorough clinician shou

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Machado, Soraia Goretti Rocha, Thiago Quadros, Yoshimi Watanabe, Cecília F. Aquino, Alba Otoni, and Sérgio Wyton Pinto. "Most common histopathological patterns of the Minas Gerais Association of the Centers of Nephrology." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 3 (March 2019): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.3.441.

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SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: We analyzed the distribution and frequency of glomerular diseases in patients biopsied between 1992 and 2016 in centers that make up the AMICEN (Minas Gerais Association of Nephrology Centers). METHODS: We analyzed the biopsy reports of patients from 9 AMICEN nephrology centers. We took note of their age, gender, ultrasound use, post-biopsy resting time, whether the kidney was native or a graft, number of glomeruli and indication for the biopsy. The kidney biopsy findings were broken down into four categories: glomerular and non-glomerular diseases, normal kidneys and ins

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