Journal articles: 'Kielce, Poland (City)'

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Pająk, Anna, and Artur Orzeł. "The startegy of sustainable public transport in the city of Kielce for the years 2014 to 2020." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.331.

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In the frame of Action 2.1. “Sustainable urban transport” of the II Priority Axis of the Eastern Poland 2014-2020 Operational Programme, the community of Kielce submitted two applications of investment projects of the total value of 295 mln PLN, 220 mln out Submissions of the total amount are going to be covered by programme funds. The main aim of submitted projects is to support complex investments in ecological and integrated public transportation system. Eastern Poland Operational Programme includes five voivodeships in the area of Eastern Poland macroregion : lubelskie, podkarpackie, podlaskie, świętokrzyskie i warmińsko-mazurskie. As an additional territorial instrument of financial support, programme is oriented on complementing implementation of regional and national operational programmes. Programme is also based on the main aims and priorities of “The Strategy of Social and Economic Development of Eastern Poland to 2020” approved by the Council of Ministers in Poland on 11th of July 2013 and is one of the instruments of strategy implementation..

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Mularczyk, Mirosław. "Changes in the Administrative Hierarchy of Cities and Entrepreneurship in Suburban Areas (The Cases of Kielce and Radom)." Miscellanea Geographica 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2010-0024.

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Abstract The systemic transformation of Poland after 1989 led to an acceleration of restructuring processes both in the national economy and in individual regions. The dynamics of changes was exceptionally high in rural areas. The most rapid changes occurred in areas which are situated within the range of the direct influence of bigger cities. This paper strives to compare the changes in entrepreneurship which took place in the suburban areas of Kielce and Radom during the transformation period, before and after the introduction of the administrative reform in Poland. We sought answers to the following questions: – What differences occur in the dynamics of changes of the entrepreneurship indicator in sub-urban areas in case of two cities of a similar size, of which only Kielce has remained the regional (voivodship) capital? – What differences occur in the dynamics of changes of the entrepreneurship indicator in relation to the distance from the central city? In order to answer the above questions, the entrepreneurship indicators for agriculture, industry and service sectors were calculated for the analysed areas between 1995 and 2005.

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Majcher, Patrycja. "Strategiczne kierunki kształtowania Kielc jako potencjalnej metropolii." Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja 7 (January 1, 2011): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20833296.7.17.

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The potential Kielce metropolis, located between well-developed Warsaw and Cracow metropolises, is not highly competitive when compared with domestic ones. Focusing on selected components of the economy, thanks to which a specialization is strived for, determines a bigger chance of arising in the settlement ordination of Poland and allows using a potential as well as simplifies actions in promotion and information ventures. In progressive metropolization it is necessary to increase competitiveness of regions to make them attractive areas not only for local people but especially for foreign and domestic VCs. According to The Conception of Spatial Development of Kielce Functional Area in Metropolis Progress Aspect the formation of Kielce metropolitan functions, especially the replacement of industrial centre as a city function by administrative and service sector centre, is dated to early 90s. These functions are generated by, among other things, dynamically developing trade fair centre, expansion of the higher education and financial institutions sector, administrative institutions, well-developed trade and service chain, presence of business support institutions and units, the presence of international concerns, developing culture, strong media and publishing services sector, well-developed sport base and finally strong relations between the city and nearby communes. Kielce area is non-competitive with other metropolises especially because of adverse demographic trends, insufficiently functioning domestic and European communication, low technological innovativeness, only a few international agencies and lack of specialized congressional service. There are sectors in Kielce Metropolis Area that are especially important for its balanced and dynamic development or are an essential advantage over regional contenders in rivalry for recruitment of foreign VCs. These are: constructional sector, trade fair sector and other services connected with it, stadiums and other sports facilities activity.

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Świercz, Anna, and Ewelina Smorzewska. "Selected Examples of Interactive Teaching Methods in the Centre of Geoeducation in the City of Kielce (Poland)." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 174 (February 2015): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.601.

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Ciupa, Tadeusz, and Roman Suligowski. "Impact of the City on the Rapid Increase in the Runoff and Transport of Suspended and Dissolved Solids During Rainfall—The Example of the Silnica River (Kielce, Poland)." Water 12, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102693.

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Urbanisation changes the water cycle and affects the parameters of transported, suspended and dissolved matter, especially in small river catchments. This paper presents the reasons why river runoff and fluvial transport rapidly increase during rainfall-induced summer floods in the stretch of the Silnica River that flows through the centre of Kielce, a city with a population of 200,000. Examples of implemented hydrotechnical solutions that aim to reduce the height of flood waves and eliminate water accumulation are also presented. The 18.05 km long Silnica River drains a catchment area of 49.4 km2. It flows through areas of varied land use, which have determined the location of five hydrometric stations (outlets) at different sub-catchments: Dabrowa(forest), Piaski (suburbia) and Jesionowa (includes a reservoir), as well as Pakosz and Bialogon (largely impervious areas in the city centre). Specific runoff, suspended and dissolved solids concentration and the specific load of these two types of fluvial transport were determined. It was found that the maximum specific runoff in the outlets of urban sub-catchments was significantly higher during floods than those of the sub-catchments upstream of the city centre; the suspended solids concentration was several times higher, and the suspended solids load was approximately 200 times higher. Recognition of the basic parameters of rainfall-induced flood waves, as well as the dynamics and size of fluvial transport at the hydrometric stations, especially at the outlets of sub-catchments with a large proportion of impervious area (approximately 30%), has become the basis for the development and implementation of modernisation projects and the construction of hydrotechnical facilities and devices in the river channel in the centre of Kielce.

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Pawełczyk, Marek, and Emilia Szumska. "Evaluation of the efficiency of hybrid drive applications in urban transport system on the example of a medium size city." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818003004.

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Unconventional drive systems of the urban buses become more and more popular. The reason is clear: reduction of the harmful emissions as well as the fuel consumption reduction. Environmental aspects are becoming of the great importance. Local governments of large cities are “pushing” conventional buses away from city centres, trying to substitute them by the other more environmentally friendly urban vehicles. The goal of the contribution is to present a comparison of the selected types of the urban buses equipped with alternative drive systems under conditions of medium size city. The first part of the paper presents the methodology and construction of urban bus driving cycles prepared for Kielce city (Poland). The next part shows fuel economy and energy consumption obtained from simulation of urban buses powered by conventional diesel engine and hybrid electric drive under the developed driving cycles. The last part presents results of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculations estimated for selected urban buses.

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Andrzej Bąkowski and Leszek Radziszewski. "Analysis of Traffic Noise in Two Cross-Sections at the Road Crossing The City." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 1 (October 29, 2020): B13—B21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.1.b13-b21.

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The paper presents an analysis of the noise recorded by the two road traffic noise-monitoring stations. The stations were located in Kielce, Poland, at the road No. 74: on the outskirts of the city and near the center. Based on the experimentally recorded data, an equivalent sound level and acoustic pressure were determined for three sub-intervals of the day: nights, days and evenings. The conducted analyses showed that the average annual values (depending only on the time sub-intervals) of the median do not differ significantly between stations. A similar conclusion can be drawn based on simulations of the median and the C90 percentile of the sound pressure . However, the maximum relative differences in the C99 percentile of the acoustic pressure between stations are around 13%. The maximum relative differences in median pressure between stations are around 15% (for the time sub-interval nights).

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Swęd, Maciej, and Przemysław Niedzielski. "Geochemistry and mineralogy of technogenic soils developed on old mine heaps of abandoned iron ore mines in the Ławęczna area (Holy Cross Mountains, south-central Poland)." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0004.

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Abstract The article presents the results of preliminary geochemical and mineralogical studies of technogenic soils (Technosols) of abandoned iron ore mines on the Ławęczna Hill near Miedziana Góra in the Holy Cross (Świętokrzyskie) Mountains, southcentral Poland. The results of chemical analyses (XRF) were used to calculate the soil enrichment factors of arsenic, copper, iron, lead and zinc, and compare the element concentrations to their levels in uncontaminated soils across Poland and in the city of Kielce. The highest values of soil enrichment factors of metals (As 27.699, Ni 26.455, Cu 9.353, Zn 3.344, Pb 0.62) were recorded for the sand fraction composed of iron oxyhydroxides and hematite, whereas the lowest (Ni 0.22, Cu 0.069, Zn 0.007, Pb 0.028) for the clay–silt and sand fractions, which were primarily composed of calcite and quartz as well as for gravel fraction. The clay-silt fraction shows the highest enrichment in arsenic (27.69). The examined metals and arsenic show positive geochemical anomalies.

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Szeląg, B., J. Studziński, and M. Majewska. "Effect of Meteorological Conditions and Anthropogenic Factors on Air Concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 Particulates on the Examples of the City of Kielce, Poland." Journal of Modeling and Optimization 13, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jmo.2021.13.1.1.

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The paper analyzes the influence of meteorological conditions (air temperature, wind speed, humidity, visibility) and anthropogenic factors (population in cities and in rural areas, road length, number of vehicles, emission of dusts and gases, coal consumption in industrial plants, number of air purification devices installed in industrial plants) on the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 dusts in the air in the region of Kielce city in Poland. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the mentioned independent variables and air quality indicators. The calculated values of the correlation coefficient showed statistically significant relationships between air quality and the amount of installed air purification equipment in industrial plants. A statistically significant effect of the population in rural settlement units on the increase in air concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 was also found, which proves the influence of the so-called low emission of pollutants on the air quality in the studied region. The analyses also revealed a statistically significant effect of road length on the decrease in PM2.5 and PM10 air content. This result indicates that a decrease in traffic intensity on particular road sections leads to an improvement in air quality. The analyses showed that despite the progressing anthropopression in the Kielce city region the air quality with respect to PM2.5 and PM10 content is improving. To verify the results obtained from statistical calculations, parametric models were also determined to predict PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the air, using the methods of Random Forests (RF), Boosted Trees (BT) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) for comparison purposes. The modelling results confirmed the conclusions that had been made based on previous statistical calculations.

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Migaszewski, Zdzisław M., Agnieszka Gałuszka, Sabina Dołęgowska, and Artur Michalik. "Glass microspheres in road dust of the city of Kielce (south-central Poland) as markers of traffic-related pollution." Journal of Hazardous Materials 413 (July 2021): 125355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125355.

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Wałek, Grzegorz. "Wykorzystanie metod GIS do wyznaczania działów wodnych zlewni zurbanizowanych na przykładzie miasta Kielce." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.3.32.

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The paper presents the analysis of the area and reach of the Silnica river catchment and its six subcatchments delineated using GIS in three different variants: DEM (from Computerized Information System of Country Protection project; Polish: ISOK) in one-meter resolution, the Database of Topographic Objects (Polish: BDOT) in 1 : 10 000 scale and the Geodetic Utilities Network System (Polish: GESUT). A topographic map in 1 : 10 00 scale was also compared with the Map of Hydrographic Division of Poland (Polish: MPHP) and the differences in the catchment reach resulting from this comparison were also examined. The course of delineated drainage divides varied in each variant resulting in differences in the area and reach of the analyzed catchments. The best results in urban catchments delineation were obtained in GIS using DEM and corrected vector data from BDOT and GESUT databases. In this case, the catchments’ reach overlapped with the existing drainage network. Traditional methods with the use of topographic maps and data from MPHP 1 : 10 000 scale proved to be less accurate as far as the reach of the Silnica river catchment was concerned and were useless in delineating the Silnica sub-catchments in Kielce city center.

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Proskuryakov, Victor, and Yuliya Bohdanova. "Architecture of the future in the eastern europe: reality and illusions." Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 31 (2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.20.011.12691.

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This paper presents the outcomes of two international conferences: ‘On the way to architectural education and the profession of the future’ and ‘Genesis and development directions of the future architecture in the Eastern Europe’, which took place on 28 November 2018 and 28 November 2019, respectively, at the Lviv Polytechnic National University. During the conference, educationalists, researchers, experts from architectural and artistic schools of Ukraine from Lviv, Kyiv, Odessa, Chernivtsi, Dnipro, Lutsk; Poland - from the city of Kielce; Germany - from Dresden University of Technology; Canada - from the city of Toronto, discussed what had to be done and done unquestionably so that we could not only dream about an architecture of the future but also actively create it. Not asking a formal request of the speakers to present what came out of the predictions of the architects / futurists of the twentieth century directed, according to their understanding, into close (the 1970s and 80s), non-distant (the 1990s) and distant future (the turn of the twenty-first century). Instead, they wanted to plant into the architectural reality of modern Eastern Europe, and Ukraine, Poland, Germany in particular, those sprouts of the new in architecture which are associated with ‘the architecture of the future’ and that are currently being born and their blooming can be expected in the Eastern Europe and the world in the future.

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Gałuszka, Agnieszka, Zdzisław M. Migaszewski, Rafał Podlaski, Sabina Dołęgowska, and Artur Michalik. "The influence of chloride deicers on mineral nutrition and the health status of roadside trees in the city of Kielce, Poland." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 176, no. 1-4 (July 10, 2010): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1596-z.

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Gałuszka, Agnieszka, Zdzisław M. Migaszewski, Sabina Dołęgowska, and Artur Michalik. "Geochemical anomalies of trace elements in unremediated soils of Mt. Karczówka, a historic lead mining area in the city of Kielce, Poland." Science of The Total Environment 639 (October 2018): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.174.

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Bąk, Łukasz, Bartosz Szeląg, Jarosław Górski, and Katarzyna Górska. "The Impact of Catchment Characteristics and Weather Conditions on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Stormwater—Data Mining Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112210.

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The dynamics of processes affecting the quality of stormwater removed through drainage systems are highly complicated. Relatively little information is available on predicting the impact of catchment characteristics and weather conditions on stormwater heavy metal (HM). This paper reports research results concerning the concentrations of selected HM (Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cd) in stormwater removed through drainage system from three catchments located in the city of Kielce, Poland. Statistical models for predicting concentrations of HM in stormwater were developed based on measurement results, with the use of artificial neural network (ANN) method (multi-layer perceptron). Analyses conducted for the study demonstrated that it is possible to use simple variables to characterise catchment and weather conditions. Simulation results showed that for Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb, the selected independent variables ensure satisfactory predictive capacities of the models (R2 > 0.78). The models offer considerable application potential in the area of development plans, and they also account for environmental aspects as stormwater and snowmelt water quality affects receiving waters.

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Kokot, Sebastian. "Socio-Economic Factors as a Criterion for the Classification of Housing Markets in Selected Cities in Poland." Real Estate Management and Valuation 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2020-0025.

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AbstractProperty prices, including, in particular, residential properties, vary across local markets. For example, according to the National Bank of Poland, in late 2018, the average unit price of an apartment on the secondary market stood at PLN 8,700 in Warsaw, 6,100 in Poznań, 4,800 in Szczecin, and 3,800 in Kielce and Zielona Góra. The level of prices on particular markets is affected by a variety of factors, primarily those of a social and economic nature. Earlier research work on the influence of such factors on the level of apartment prices was carried out on a random basis, and their results were also published in the Real Estate Management and Valuation journals (Kokot 2018). This article presents study results that help deepen and broaden such analyses, seeing as how the research work: –covers a period of 12 years (2006-2018),–proposes and then applies a city wealth synthetic measure (SMZM) in the analyses,– classifies cities according to the criterion of socio-economic factors and of average housing prices,–examines relationships within the groups of cities identified via classification.The obtained results indicate that it is justified to consider the impact of socio-economic factors on housing prices precisely in the context of their appropriate classification. Moreover, they may be an indicative tool of identifying so-called comparable or parallel real property markets.

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Zajęcka, Ewelina, and Anna Świercz. "Biomonitoring of the Urban Environment of Kielce and Olsztyn (Poland) Based on Studies of Total and Bioavailable Lead Content in Soils and Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010052.

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Kielce and Olsztyn are two different urban ecosystems. They differ from each other in terms of geological and climatic conditions, as well as spatial development and industrial past. The aim of this article is to assess and compare the degree of lead contamination of the natural environment in both cities based on the conducted tests of soils, as well as a common dandelion’s roots and leaves. For this study’s purpose, 60 samples of soils and common dandelion’s roots and leaves were collected in each city, according to four land-use types, namely industrial areas, urban green areas, urban allotment gardens, and urban forests. Basic physico-chemical properties and concentrations of lead, i.e., total content and bioavailable content were determined in the soils, using speciation analysis. Lead concentrations in the roots and leaves of common dandelion were, in turn, determined using the ICP-OES method. By using kriging models, spots with excessive lead concentrations differing from the geochemical background were identified in each city. The number of spots was comparable for both cities; however, the values for this metal differed significantly. No relationship has been found between land-use types and concentrations of lead in soils and common dandelions. The results of the study, as well as statistical and spatial analyses show that this species may be recommended as an indicator for biomonitoring of urban environments.

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Zajęcka, Ewelina, and Anna Świercz. "Biomonitoring of the Urban Environment of Kielce and Olsztyn (Poland) Based on Studies of Total and Bioavailable Lead Content in Soils and Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010052.

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Kielce and Olsztyn are two different urban ecosystems. They differ from each other in terms of geological and climatic conditions, as well as spatial development and industrial past. The aim of this article is to assess and compare the degree of lead contamination of the natural environment in both cities based on the conducted tests of soils, as well as a common dandelion’s roots and leaves. For this study’s purpose, 60 samples of soils and common dandelion’s roots and leaves were collected in each city, according to four land-use types, namely industrial areas, urban green areas, urban allotment gardens, and urban forests. Basic physico-chemical properties and concentrations of lead, i.e., total content and bioavailable content were determined in the soils, using speciation analysis. Lead concentrations in the roots and leaves of common dandelion were, in turn, determined using the ICP-OES method. By using kriging models, spots with excessive lead concentrations differing from the geochemical background were identified in each city. The number of spots was comparable for both cities; however, the values for this metal differed significantly. No relationship has been found between land-use types and concentrations of lead in soils and common dandelions. The results of the study, as well as statistical and spatial analyses show that this species may be recommended as an indicator for biomonitoring of urban environments.

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Dębska, Luiza, and Justyna Krakowiak. "Thermal environment assessment in selected Polish educational buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 15004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124615004.

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The paper presents experimental results of a study on indoor thermal environment in selected educational buildings located in the city of Kielce (Poland). The volunteers in the investigated rooms were asked to fill in the anonymous questionnaires containing questions on their thermal sensation, thermal preference and thermal acceptability votes as well as humidity assessment and humidity preference votes. In total, 83 people completed the questionnaires. Simultaneously, the indoor air parameters were measured with a microlimate meter equipped with precision sensors to measure air and globe temperatures, air velocity and relative humidity. The analysis of the obtained results provides information on the subjective assessment of the thermal environment in the considered rooms. It allowed to assess whether the guidelines given in the standard are consistent with the real feeling of comfort of the respondents. Research in the performed scope has shown that the feelings of the respondents and the standard guidelines diverge. It was noticed that that the subjects definitely felt better in the rooms where the temperature was around 22.5°C. The subjects felt worse at the temperature of 25.3°C and the worst of 27.6°C.

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Bąk, Łukasz, Bartosz Szeląg, Aleksandra Sałata, and Jan Studziński. "Modeling of Heavy Metal (Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Fe) and PAH Content in Stormwater Sediments Based on Weather and Physico-Geographical Characteristics of the Catchment-Data-Mining Approach." Water 11, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030626.

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The processes that affect sediment quality in drainage systems show high dynamics and complexity. However, relatively little information is available on the influence of both catchment characteristics and meteorological conditions on sediment chemical properties, as those issues have not been widely explored in research studies. This paper reports the results of investigations into the content of selected heavy metals (Ni, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Fe) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the stormwater drainage systems of four catchments located in the city of Kielce, Poland. The influence of selected physico-geographical catchment characteristics and atmospheric conditions on pollutant concentrations in the sediments was also analyzed. Based on the results obtained, statistical models for forecasting the quality of stormwater sediments were developed using artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron neural networks). The analyses showed varied impacts of catchment characteristics and atmospheric conditions on the chemical composition of sediments. The concentration of heavy metals in sediments was far more affected by catchment characteristics (land use, length of the drainage system) than atmospheric conditions. Conversely, the content of PAHs in sediments was predominantly affected by atmospheric conditions prevailing in the catchment. The multilayer perceptron models developed for this study had satisfactory predictive abilities; the mean absolute error of the forecast (Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb) did not exceed 21%. Hence, the models show great potential, as they could be applied to, for example, spatial planning for which environmental aspects (i.e., sediment quality in the stormwater drainage systems) are accounted.

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Szeląg, Bartosz, Roman Suligowski, Jan Studziński, and Francesco De Paola. "Application of logistic regression to simulate the influence of rainfall genesis on storm overflow operations: a probabilistic approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 595–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-595-2020.

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Abstract. One of the key parameters constituting the basis for the operational assessment of stormwater systems is the annual number of storm overflows. Since uncontrolled overflows are a source of pollution washed away from the surface of the catchment area, which leads to imbalanced receiving waters, there is a need for their prognosis and potential reduction. The paper presents a probabilistic model for simulating the annual number of storm overflows. In this model, an innovative solution is to use the logistic regression method to analyze the impact of rainfall genesis on the functioning of a storm overflow (OV) in the example of a catchment located in the city of Kielce (central Poland). The developed model consists of two independent elements. The first element of the model is a synthetic precipitation generator, in which the simulation of rainfall takes into account its genesis resulting from various processes and phenomena occurring in the troposphere. This approach makes it possible to account for the stochastic nature of rainfall in relation to the annual number of events. The second element is the model of logistic regression, which can be used to model the storm overflow resulting from the occurrence of a single rainfall event. The paper confirmed that storm overflow can be modeled based on data on the total rainfall and its duration. An alternative approach was also proposed, providing the possibility of predicting storm overflow only based on the average rainfall intensity. Substantial simplification in the simulation of the phenomenon under study was achieved compared with the works published in this area to date. It is worth noting that the coefficients determined in the logit models have a physical interpretation, and the universal character of these models facilitates their easy adaptation to other examined catchment areas. The calculations made in the paper using the example of the examined catchment allowed for an assessment of the influence of rainfall characteristics (depth, intensity, and duration) of different genesis on the probability of storm overflow. Based on the obtained results, the range of the variability of the average rainfall intensity, which determines the storm overflow, and the annual number of overflows resulting from the occurrence of rain of different genesis were defined. The results are suited for the implementation in the assessment of storm overflows only based on the genetic type of rainfall. The results may be used to develop warning systems in which information about the predicted rainfall genesis is an element of the assessment of the rainwater system and its facilities. This approach is an original solution that has not yet been considered by other researchers. On the other hand, it represents an important simplification and an opportunity to reduce the amount of data to be measured.

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Dziubiński, Zbigniew, and Beata Magdziarz. "The Impact of the Place of Residence on Middle School Pupils' Attitudes towards Physical Culture." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2014-0002.

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Abstract Introduction. Differences and inequalities connected with the place where a person lives are a subject of interest to social sciences, sociology in particular. Empirical findings indicate that residents of urban and rural areas differ significantly in terms of such variables as physical development, health condition, life expectancy, affluence, education level, access to power, cultural capital and so on. It is interesting to check whether the above regularity also applies to young people's attitudes towards physical culture. The aim of this study was to examine attitudes which middle school pupils (ages between 13 and 16) in Poland's urban and rural areas held to physical culture. Material and methods. The study involved a survey conducted between 10th November 2011 and 10th March 2012 on a purposive sample of 336 children. They were pupils aged 13-16 in two middle schools in Świętokrzyskie province: the Jan Karski no. 4 Middle School in the city of Kielce and the John Paul II Middle School in the village of Masłów, Kielce county. The diagnostic poll method was used in the study and an original, categorised poll was the research tool. The surveying technique was an auditorium questionnaire. Results. After analysis, empirical data obtained from the survey shows that the place of residence causes slights differences in middle school pupils' attitudes towards physical culture. The data allows for the conclusion that pupils from urban areas possess a little better knowledge of physical culture than their peers from rural areas. Pupils from villages have, in turn, a slightly more positive emotional approach to physical culture than pupils in cities. Urban middle school pupils manifest more positive behaviours within physical culture than rural pupils. The place of residence does not cause such striking differences in attitudes to physical culture as it does in other social and cultural variables, such as affluence, education level, access to power, health condition, fitness, participation in culture and so on.

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Ciupa, Tadeusz, Roman Suligowski, and Rafał Kozłowski. "Trace metals in surface soils under different land uses in Kielce city, south-central Poland." Environmental Earth Sciences 79, no. 1 (December 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8762-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kielce, Poland (City)'

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