Journal articles on the topic 'Kiffe Kiffe demain'

Постановка задачи. Настоящая работа посвящена изучению некоторых особенностей перевода знаков пунктуации. Внимание обращается на особенности перевода пунктуации во французском языке под влиянием арабского языка стран Магриба. Перевод пунктуации рассматривается на примере художественного произведения, текст которого максимально приближен к разговорному французскому языку жителей пригородов метрополии и франкофонов в северной Африке. Анализ пунктуационных элементов, организующих текстовое пространство, которые использует автор и переводчик, позволяет делать вывод о разных пунктуационно-графических способах отражения мира внутреннего и внешнего, а также о содержащейся информации об особом модусе языка, передающем особые модусы сознания. Результаты. Вопросы интерференции при переводе занимают важное место в связи с интересом к такому явлению, как языковые варианты; проблема перевода пунктуации является важной ее составляющей. Во-первых, потому, что знаки препинания сами по себе многозначны. Также трудности перевода связаны с авторским использованием знаков пунктуации и их сочетаний. И, наконец, случаи пунктуационной интерференции, представленные в нашем исследовании, необходимо учитывать при переводе с французского языка, функционирующего в магрибском регионе. Выводы. Данное исследование и анализ богатства просодической составляющей французского языка пригородов демонстрирует, в частности, что устная речь по-прежнему наличествует в большой части дискурса художественных практик франкоязычных писателей XX-XXI веков. Во французском тексте магрибинской писательницы Фаизы Гэн «Туда-сюда» (Faїza Guène «Kiffe kiffe demain») мы находим знаки препинания, которые всячески подчеркивают устный характер заявлений, воспроизводя паузы и эмоции в письменном виде. Это случаи с точкой и восклицательным знаком и знаком вопроса; особенно частотное использование многоточий, которые иногда кажутся неуместными. Автор, скорее всего, делает это по двум причинам: максимально представить подлинность живой речи и показать уникальность французского языка североафриканского региона. Пунктуационная интерференция получает своё значение в синтаксической структуре высказывания. В то же время, грамматический строй арабского языка имеет свои отличительные особенности в отношениях форма-содержание всех грамматических единиц, что наблюдается в интерференции, свойственной речи марокканцев на французском языке, в устной спонтанной речи. Statement of the problem. This work is devoted to the study of some of the features of the translation of punctuation marks. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the translation of punctuation in French under the influence of the Arabic language of the Maghreb countries. The translation of punctuation is considered on the example of a work of fiction, the text of which is as close as possible to the spoken French language of the inhabitants of the suburbs of the metropolis and Francophones in North Africa. An analysis of the punctuation elements that organize the text space, which are used by the author and the translator, makes it possible to draw a conclusion about different punctuation-graphic ways of reflecting the inner and outer world, as well as the information contained about a special mode of language that conveys special modes of consciousness. Results. Questions of interference in translation occupy an important place in connection with the interest in such a phenomenon as language variants; the problem of translation of punctuation is an important part of it. First, because punctuation marks themselves are ambiguous. Also, translation difficulties are associated with the author's use of punctuation marks and their combinations. And finally, the cases of punctuation interference presented in our study should be taken into account when translating from the French language operating in the Maghreb region. Conclusion. This study and analysis of the richness of the prosodic component of the French language of the suburbs demonstrates, in particular, that oral speech is still present in a large part of the discourse of artistic practices of French-speaking writers of the XX-XXI centuries. In the French text by the Maghreb writer Faiza Gen «Kiffe kiffe demain» (Faїza Guène «Kiffe kiffe demain»), we find punctuation marks that emphasize the oral nature of statements in every possible way, reproducing pauses and emotions in writing. These are cases with a period and an exclamation mark and a question mark; especially the frequent use of ellipsis, which sometimes seems out of place. The author most likely does this for two reasons: to maximize the authenticity of living speech and to show the uniqueness of the French language in the North African region. Punctuation interference gets its meaning in the syntactic structure of a statement. At the same time, the grammatical structure of the Arabic language has its own distinctive features in the form-content relationship of all grammatical units, which is observed in the interference inherent in the speech of Moroccans in French in spontaneous oral speech.

Um inventário de fungos conidiais foi realizado em seis áreas de extrema importância biológica do bioma Caatinga. Foram identificadas 41 espécies, com Dactylaria cazorlii Mercado, Gené & Guarro e Thozetella queenslandica Paulus, P.Gadek & K.D. Hyde descritas pela segunda vez para a ciência. Ellisembia bambusae (M.B. Ellis) W.P. Wu, Gonytrichum mirabile Hol.-Jech., Uberispora tropicalis Bhat & W.B. Kendr. constituem novas ocorrências para o continente americano; Acrophragmis coronata Kiffer & Reisinger, Bactrodesmium linderi (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart, Piricauda cochinensis (Subram.) M.B. Ellis e Taeniolella alta (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes novas ocorrências para a América do Sul; Sporoschisma saccardoi E.W. Mason & S. Hughes e Stachylidium bicolor var. bicolor Link novas ocorrências para o Brasil e Paraceratocladium bacilliformis Calduch, Stchigel, Gene & Guarro nova citação para o semi-árido brasileiro. As novas ocorrências são descritas, ilustradas e comentadas e é incluída uma lista com as demais espécies encontradas.

This paper aimed to statistically analyze the impact of fire needs not considered in previous reports based on preventive and preparedness strategies of fire administration and fire budget.. The panel data came from 16 metropolitan councils from 2008 to 2018 and was statistically analyzed based on the preventive measures of the fire administration (agreement for building permission, specific target for fire-fighting, public use facilities, and special fire inspection [SFI]), preparedness of the fire administration (fire safety education [FSE]), response of the fire administration (mobilization for fire suppression [MFS] and mobilization for ambulance service [MAS]), and fire budget. In the results, SFI, FSE, and MFS had a significant negative influence on the fire budget. Meanwhile, MAS had a significant positive effect on the fire budget (p < 0.01). These results reflect public policy in Korea; there has been a paradigm shift in fire administration: from disaster acceptance (focusing on recovery) to disaster response (focusing on field response) to disaster preparedness (focusing on preparedness).

The market size of the firefighting supplies industry is can be considered a derivative demand of the construction industry, and its patterns differ seasonally. In this study, the seasonal ARIMA model and the transfer function model were established, and their predictive performances were verified. It was statistically confirmed that the firefighting supplies market has a lagging character in the construction industry. Although the seasonal ARIMA model, a representative time-series model, is a suitable predictive model, the transfer function model linked to the construction market is more useful in the short-term forecast period. This study is the first statistical prediction study of the firefighting supplies market in Korea. Based on the structural characteristics of the firefighting supplies industry, the relationship between the building permit and firefighting supplies production should be established using the transfer function model, the transfer function model is more useful in the decision-making process of firefighting supplies policies and the manufacturer’s marketing.

Carbon dioxide suppression systems are used in nuclear power plants to extinguish oil fires and ensure integrity of critical equipment. In this study, the contributions of the valves in the carbon dioxide suppression system to the failure probability of suppression were quantitatively analyzed, and the failure probability of the fire suppression system applied to the fire Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) was evaluated for appropriateness. Then, a reliability evaluation model was developed in the form of a fault tree, and the reliability data were analyzed for the major component. The failure probability of the carbon dioxide suppression system with early air-release equipment was assessed as 6.22 × 10<sup>-3</sup>/demand, which is 2.67 times that of the system without such equipment. The results were attributed to the addition of the diverted line isolation valves and quick exhaust valve to release residual air into the atmosphere before supplying carbon dioxide to the fire area. It was also confirmed that the failure probability of the carbon dioxide suppression system with the early air-release equipment was 15.6% that of the suppression provided by the fire PSA and that the failure probability of suppression by the fire PSA was conservative. There are no reported guidelines in literature for analyzing the reliabilities of carbon dioxide fire suppression systems, and the fire PSA currently use the failure probability of suppression recommended by the NSAC-179L.