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1
Rollason, William. "Performance, poverty and urban development: Kigali’s motari and the spectacle city." Afrika Focus 26, no. 2 (February 26, 2013): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02602003.
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In this paper I explore tensions and conflicts over poverty reduction and urban development in Kigali, Rwanda’s capital in terms of theories of performativity. On one hand, motorcycle taxis offer large numbers of young men good livelihoods – reflecting the government of Rwanda’s stated commitment to poverty reduction, especially amongst youth; on the other, motorcycle taxi drivers suffer harassment at the hands of city authorities and police, who are keen to eradicate motorcycle taxis from the urban scene altogether. I interpret this tension as a conflict over the appropriate performance of development in the city; I argue that in pursuit of urban development, the city itself becomes an image, projected in order to attract the investment which will give body to the simulated spectacle that Kigali present. Conflicts between the city and motorcycle taxi drivers erupt because motorcycle taxis cannot perform to the aesthetic standards of the new Kigali. In conclusion, I suggest that the rendition of Kigali’s development as image has broader lessons for studies of development in general. Specifically, these conflicts expose the operation of images and their performance as political resources, conferring intelligibility and legitimacy in the spectacle of national development.
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Robinson, Mark. "Reflections from Kigali." Round Table 111, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2022.2108607.
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Price-Smith, Andrew T. "Ghosts of Kigali." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 54, no. 3 (September 1999): 426–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209905400306.
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Tuyisenge, Mediatrice, and Dr Claude Rusibana, PhD. "Contribution of Financial Services Quality on Financial Performance of Banking Sector in Rwanda: A Case of Bank of Kigali Limited (BK)." Journal of Finance and Accounting 5, no. 3 (October 23, 2021): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/810181025023.
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The study examined the contribution of financial services quality on financial performance of banking sector taking Bank of Kigali (BK), Rwanda. Specifically, this study assessed the effects of saving quality on financial performance of Bank of Kigali Limited-Rwanda, ascertained effects of loan quality on the financial performance of Bank of Kigali Limited-Rwanda and analyzed effects of e-banking service quality on financial performance of Bank of Kigali Limited-Rwanda. The research used a cross-sectional design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study target population was 320 staff members and clients of the bank of Kigali operating in the City of Kigali. The sample size was 178 respondents determined using the Slovene formula. Simple random sampling technique was used for sample selection. The findings revealed there is positive relationship between saving services quality and the financial performance of the bank of Kigali as indicated saving service quality and market share (r=.759, p =.000), increase return on investment (r=.401, p= .000); increase earnings per share (.702**; p=.000) increase customer retention (r=.708**, p=.000). It was concluded that saving service quality can explains 72.7% of the variations in financial performance and that improvement in saving service quality by one unit leads to an increase of financial performance by 0.557 units in the Bank of Kigali. Further, it was concluded that majority of the respondents appreciated the quality of loan services provided at the bank of Kigali, and that there is a strong positive relationship between loan services quality and financial performance as indicated by loan service quality and return on investment (r=.631; p=.000); earnings per share; (r= .528*, p=.000) and customer retention (r=.644*; p=.045), it was also conclude that the combined effect of the loan service quality explains 55.3% of the financial performance of the Bank of Kigali, and that increase in quality of loan provided at the BK by one unit lead to the improve 0.194 unit on the financial performance of the Bank of Kigali. It was established there is strong positive relationship between e-banking services quality and market share increase (r=.694; p=.000); return on investment (r=.729; p=.000), earnings per share (r=.121; p=.008), and that the combined effects of e-banking service quality explain 75.3% of the variations on financial performance of the Bank of Kigali. The study recommended that other commercial banks should put more emphasis on electronic banking in order to perform well. More features of electronic banking should be introduced in commercial banks to attract more customers and perform well. The government of the republic of Rwanda through the national bank of Rwanda should help commercial banks by training their staff and clients on the benefits of electronic banking. Keywords: Saving quality, loan quality, banking service quality, financial performance, Bank of Kigali-Limited, Rwanda.
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Veldhuijzen, Nienke J., Chantal Ingabire, Stanley Luchters, Wilkister Bosire, Sarah Braunstein, Matthew Chersich, and Janneke van de Wijgert. "Anal intercourse among female sex workers in East Africa is associated with other high-risk behaviours for HIV." Sexual Health 8, no. 2 (2011): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10047.
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Introduction Epidemiological and HIV prevention studies in sub-Saharan Africa have almost exclusively focussed on vaginal transmission of HIV, the primary mode of transmission in the region. Little is known about the prevalence of heterosexual anal intercourse (AI), its correlates and its role in the spread of HIV. Prevention messaging seldom, if ever, includes AI. Methods: Sexual and other risk behaviours (including frequency of AI) were assessed in two cross-sectional surveys of female sex workers (FSW) in Kigali, Rwanda (n = 800) and Mombasa, Kenya (n = 820). In addition, a subset of FSW surveyed in Kigali attended seven focus group discussions and four in-depth interviews. Results: AI was reported by 5.5% and 4.3% of FSW in the cross-sectional surveys, in Kigali and Mombasa, respectively. FSW practising AI reported multiple risk factors for HIV transmission: inconsistent condom use (odds ratio (OR) Kigali 5.9 (95% CI 1.4–24.7); OR Mombasa 2.1 (1.1–4.2)); more than five sexual partners in the past week (OR Kigali 4.3 (1.5–12.4); OR Mombasa 2.2 (1.1–4.3)); alcohol use before sex (OR Kigali 2.8 (1.4–5.8)); more than 5 years of female sex work (OR Mombasa 2.4 (1.2–4.9)); and history of genital symptoms in the past year (OR Mombasa 3.6 (1.7–7.9)). AI was, however, not associated with HIV prevalence (OR Kigali 0.9 (0.5–1.9); OR Mombasa 0.5 (0.2–1.2)). Negative connotations and stigma associated with AI were expressed during qualitative interviews. Conclusions: AI was associated with several indicators of sexual risk behaviour. Prevalence of AI was probably underreported due to social desirability bias. Stigma associated with AI poses methodological challenges in obtaining valid data.
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Manirakiza, Vincent, Leon Mugabe, Aimable Nsabimana, and Manassé Nzayirambaho. "City Profile: Kigali, Rwanda." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (September 2019): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319867485.
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Rwanda is experiencing rapid development and urbanization in the Post-genocide perpetrated against Tutsi (1994) period. Kigali as the capital and the leading city is undergoing remarkable changes in the process of modernization. This is being done through the rejuvenation of commercial areas, building of new business offices and quality infrastructure, improvement of urban service delivery, tourism and industrial development (Kigali Special Economic Zone). Together with a clean city policy, the City of Kigali is now known to be one of the cleanest cities in Africa. This has been effectively achieved through consistent and integrated urban policies. However, the city has been facing challenges related to informal settlements and equitable provision of urban services to all residents. In this paper, data from secondary sources, mainly official reports, policy documents and academic papers, are presented and discussed through various perspectives related to the urban growth of Kigali. Likewise, the implications of existing policies on the implementation of strategic initiatives have also been highlighted.
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Gabet, Alain, and Sébastien Jahan. "Le chemin de Kigali." Cahiers d’histoire. Revue d’histoire critique, no. 145 (August 1, 2020): 137–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chrhc.14217.
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Naicker, Visvanathan, and Simon Nsengimana. "Entrepreneurial feminism in Kigali." Harvard Deusto Business Research 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48132/hdbr.323.
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Entrepreneurship has been attributed to a masculine career in many economies. Rwanda was no exception to the discrimination of women in entrepreneurship. Due to gender, stereotype, and patriarchy, Rwandan women were not free in deciding to participate in entrepreneurial feminism. Some women became liberalists to break the glass ceiling to launch entrepreneurial feminism. They faced constraints that included a lack of entrepreneurship skills, market opportunity, and fear of failure. This article aimed to explore how gender affects new entrepreneurial feminism creation in Kigali. A quantitative approach used to collect survey data from 409 women-owned SMEs in Kigali were selected purposively. The findings indicated that most women-owned SMEs in Kigali started a necessary business due to unemployment. In contrast, those who needed time to care for their family while generating income launched the opportunity business. (64.3%) accepted permission from partners to start a business. While (24.9%) broke the glass ceiling. A lack of entrepreneurship skills was the major constraint they faced.
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Onyango, Otieno Fredrick, Sibomana Gaston, Elie Kabende, Felix Nkunda, and Jared Hera Ndeda. "Wind Power potential in Kigali and Western provinces of Rwanda." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v2i1.221.
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Wind speed and wind direction are the most important characteristics for assessing wind energy potential of a location using suitable probability density functions. In this investigation, a hybrid-Weibull probability density function was used to analyze data from Kigali, Gisenyi, and Kamembe stations. Kigali is located in the Eastern side of Rwanda while Gisenyi and Kamembe are to the West. On-site hourly wind speed and wind direction data for the year 2007 were analyzed using Matlab programmes. The annual mean wind speed for Kigali, Gisenyi, and Kamembe sites were determined as 2.36m/s, 2.95m/s and 2.97m/s respectively, while corresponding dominant wind directions for the stations were , and respectively. The annual wind power density of Kigali was found to be while the power densities for Gisenyi and Kamembe were determined as and . It is clear, the investigated regions are dominated by low wind speeds thus are suitable for small-scale wind power generation especially at Kamembe site.
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Nsengimana, Simon, and Visvanathan Naicker. "The influence of the motivation theory on women startup enterprises in Kigali." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2022.002253.
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Achievement motivation refers to the attainment of business goals. An entrepreneur can receive a reward from the achievement motivation in terms of intrinsic or extrinsic rewards. However, due to cultural norms, stereotyping, and patriarchy, Rwandan women face difficulties when starting a business. Some women broke the glass ceiling and launched their businesses amidst many challenges.
A quantitative method guided this study. The survey collected 409 questionnaires from purposively selected women-owned SMEs in Kigali.
The findings indicate the challenges they faced, such as HIV/AIDS, a lack of entrepreneurship skills, and market opportunities. Despite the challenges they faced, their businesses performed well, which supported the theory of ‘achieve motivation’. This resulted in rewards, such as respect among family members, the community, and an improvement in their lifestyle, which is critical in Kigali.
This study provides novelty in discovering women’s SME achievements in Kigali based on motivation theories.
The findings of this study provide a directive to policymakers to improve women-owned businesses under patriarchal environments in Kigali.
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Michieletto, Manlio, Olatunde Adedayo, and Victor Bay Mukanya. "African Housing Renaissance: The Case of Gacuriro Valley Satellite Settlements, Kigali, Rwanda." Urban Planning 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2210.
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This article traces an African Housing Renaissance through the Trabantenstadt (Satellite City) vision for Kigali embedded in the Gacuriro Valley Satellite, which is composed of two settlements (or umudugudu, in Kinyarwanda): Kigali 2020 (2001–2005) and Kigali Vision (2013–2016). While the Kigali 2020 is an integrated Trabant (Satellite) which is able to interact with the existing context and trace the future built and unbuilt developments, the Kigali Vision adopts the idea of a protected compound, morphologically connected with the older settlements, but unable to tackle and solve spatial and social issues due to its ‘defensive’ character. The particular topography of the hillside receives an ambivalent interpretation: in the first umudugudu, the slope inspires the whole project, an organic raumplan, and in the second it has been denied, having been leveled for flat houses’ foundations and consequently a flat spatial indoor distribution. Nevertheless, this article argues that despite the evident architectural differences between the two settlements, they remain in the tradition of the Neues Bauen, in which mass housing represents the physical way of accommodating different social classes, granting equal and favorable living conditions. The typological variety demonstrates the aim to inclusively target distinct segments of the population. Apartment buildings (condominiums), row houses, twin houses and single houses mixed with public facilities, schools, a church, and sports structures, make up the settlements as unique pieces of a system and, at the same time, a singular whole.
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Bafana, Busani. "Kigali scintille sur les collines." Afrique Renouveau 30, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/3912a69b-fr.
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Bafana, Busani. "Kigali sparkles on the hills." Africa Renewal 30, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/6f63a7d9-en.
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Bolin, Annalisa. "A Ghost Map of Kigali." Anthropology and Humanism 44, no. 1 (June 2019): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anhu.12230.
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Velders, Guus J. M., John S. Daniel, Stephen A. Montzka, Isaac Vimont, Matthew Rigby, Paul B. Krummel, Jens Muhle, et al. "Projections of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions and the resulting global warming based on recent trends in observed abundances and current policies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 9 (May 10, 2022): 6087–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6087-2022.
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Abstract. The emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have increased significantly in the past 2 decades, primarily as a result of the phaseout of ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol and the use of HFCs as their replacements. In 2015, large increases were projected in HFC use and emissions in this century in the absence of regulations, contributing up to 0.5 ∘C to global surface warming by 2100. In 2019, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol came into force with the goal of limiting the use of HFCs globally, and currently, regulations to limit the use of HFCs are in effect in several countries. Here, we analyze trends in HFC emissions inferred from observations of atmospheric abundances and compare them with previous projections. Total CO2 eq. inferred HFC emissions continue to increase through 2019 (to about 0.8 GtCO2eq.yr-1) but are about 20 % lower than previously projected for 2017–2019, mainly because of the lower global emissions of HFC-143a. This indicates that HFCs are used much less in industrial and commercial refrigeration (ICR) applications than previously projected. This is supported by data reported by the developed countries and the lower reported consumption of HFC-143a in China. Because this time period preceded the beginning of the Kigali provisions, this reduction cannot be linked directly to the provisions of the Kigali Amendment. However, it could indicate that companies transitioned away from the HFC-143a with its high global warming potential (GWP) for ICR applications in anticipation of national or global mandates. There are two new HFC scenarios developed based (1) on current trends in HFC use and Kigali-independent (K-I) control policies currently existing in several countries and (2) current HFC trends and compliance with the Kigali Amendment (KA-2022). These current policies reduce projected emissions in 2050 from the previously calculated 4.0–5.3 GtCO2eq.yr-1 to 1.9–3.6 GtCO2eq.yr-1. The added provisions of the Kigali Amendment are projected to reduce the emissions further to 0.9–1.0 GtCO2eq.yr-1 in 2050. Without any controls, projections suggest a HFC contribution of 0.28–0.44 ∘C to global surface warming by 2100, compared to a temperature contribution of 0.14–0.31 ∘C that is projected considering the national K-I policies current in place. Warming from HFCs is additionally limited by the Kigali Amendment controls to a contribution of about 0.04 ∘C by 2100.
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Sefu, Bikorimana, Manirakiza Jean Felix, Ntihinyurwa Jean Bosco, Tuyisenge Jean Claude, Mugabe Jean Paul, Kanyarwanda Daniel, and Kwizera Fidele. "Passengers Crowd Management System in Kigali." Academic Society for Appropriate Technology 8, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37675/jat.2022.8.1.10.
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A safe and effective transportation system is a key factor for national development. To achieve sustainable development goals, technology needs to be used in transportation sector. The authors noticed that the country economy is affected by some factors such as the time wasted by passengers on long queue waiting for the bus to come. Also, the mass gathering contribute in a rapid spread of COVID-19 among passengers. In this study, an effective system for booking bus ticket and tracking bus location was developed. The system uses web- based application that allows the user to check the bus availability, its location and pay ticket on line. The system was developed using ESP8266 a WiFi based microcontroller to provide communication between bus officials and clients, GPS for tracking bus location, LCD for displaying the availability of passengers on a particular bus station, bus official application for receiving the client request and client application for service request and make a follow up. The study was achieved by presenting system circuit diagram and process flow chart. Also, implementation of a physical prototype linked with developed web applications was done. The system enables passenger to easily track the bus location in its real time position, to save time for manual reservation of bus ticket. The passenger crowd management system (PCMS) is secured and can be used by administrator (companies) of buses due to its efficiency in monitoring both buses and passengers.
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Flather, Paul. "Shadow of Ukraine looms over Kigali." Round Table 111, no. 2 (March 4, 2022): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2022.2058740.
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Ripley, Keith. "Addressing the Challenges of Kigali Implementation." Environmental Policy and Law 49, no. 6 (April 7, 2020): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-190185.
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Kaufman, Andrew. "Sainte Famille Church in Kigali, Rwanda." Christianity & Literature 68, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148333119835799.
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Stone, Richard. "Afghan scholars find a warm welcome in Rwanda." Science 375, no. 6576 (January 7, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.acz9931.
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Nkurunziza, David, and Rahman Tafahomi. "Assessment of pedestrian mobility on road networks in the City Of Kigali." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 26, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v26i2.10.
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This paper analyzed and assessed the pedestrians’ mobility issues that are affecting their free movement and safety in the City of Kigali by outlining the major challenges in the City and providing alternative solutions and measures for improving the mobility and safety of pedestrians. The methodology of the paper was designed based on qualitative method with application of structured and unobtrusive. Referring to the paper findings about the mobility challenges of pedestrians within the City of Kigali, it is noted that the mobility of the pedestrians and their safety is still low and typical problems including road crossing viewed as the second challenges about pedestrians mobility, walking along very close to the road networks due to insufficient footpaths, lacking of enough road signs, lacking of information about pedestrian behavior on road networks, and improper functioning of existing traffic signals as the first challenge. The paper found that the majority of road networks in the City of Kigali did not provide walkways, traffics signals designs and availability is very poor and some of them not functioning, zebra crossing facilities were not provided adequately, pedestrians shelter on bus stop are almost absent and ignored, vehicles travelling speed is still high and does not allow pedestrians to move freely, and the mobility of physically challenged people has been forgotten and there is a need of introducing the pedestrian overpass bridges in clouded zones of the city center, Nyabugogo, Kicukiro and Remera-Giporoso areas of the City of Kigali.
Keywords: Mobility, Pedestrian Safety, Road Networks, Traffic Signals, Pedestrians.
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Niyomugabo, Desire, Jean Adolphe Nkezabera, Abias Maniragaba, Jean Paul Bizimana, Lamek Nahayo, and Onesphore Nduwimana. "The Role of Rain Forecasting in Flood Risk Reduction, Case Study of Kigali City, Rwanda." International Journal of Climate Research 6, no. 1 (November 24, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/112.v6i1.3199.
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Floods are recognized as a severe natural disaster influenced potentially by anthropogenic activities. Kigali downstream floods were coming from the drainage system and the flow of streams. The study revealed on contribution of rain forecasting in reduction of flood risk in Kigali city, to show how well forecasted rain used to decrease flood risk among urban residents. The objectives were to carry out a flood risk analysis, determining the potential frequencies rainfall occurred and assessing the contribution of rain forecasting on flood risk reduction. The data was for Kigali city in three districts (Nyarugenge, Gasabo and Kicukiro) from 2016 to 2020, collected from literature review on disaster in Kigali city and Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) tool and Microsoft excel was used in analysis. The risk analysis factors were based on deaths, injury, infrastructure loss and crops loss per ha, the prone district is Nyarugenge. The Pearson correlation coefficient between variables mostly had positive correlation and in significate range with flood risks in both districts but on different range with such exception of negative relationship. Nyarugenge district precipitation made positive correlation with infrastructure and deaths, r= 0.138 in range 0<r< 0.25 very low correction; r=0.673 in range 0.50≤r<0.75 high correlation, respectively conclude that the increase of precipitation led to raise both infrastructure loss and deaths. Recommended measures will base on particular features of district (soil type, land use, geology and geomorphology analysis) especially on Nyarugenge district, which is more suspended to the floods to mitigate and adapt flood risks.
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Kabera, Telesphore, and Honorine Nishimwe. "Systems analysis of municipal solid waste management and recycling system in east Africa: benchmarking performance in Kigali city, Rwanda." E3S Web of Conferences 80 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198003004.
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This study assessed the current status of solid waste management (SWM) in the City of Kigali (CoK), the capital city of Rwanda. This assessment was done using systems analysis methodology of “wasteaware” benchmark indicators for integrated sustainable waste management in cities. This method of assessing helps to assess the Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in a city according to its physical components and governance features. Data were collected during a 6-month period from May to October 2017, but verification took other four months (Up to February 2018). Data were obtained from official reports, legal documents, and interviews with key personnel and operators and also from official and unofficial dumpsites visits. In CoK, approximately 232,870 tons of MSW is generated per year, MSW collection and transportation is done by private companies but the only dumpsite present in Kigali is fully controlled by the City of Kigali. Residents pay waste collectors according to their social classes and their locations. There is no official recycling system; recycling activities are informally performed by private companies and some wastes, like plastic bottles, are taken to Uganda and Tanzania to be recycled. This study found that the recycling rate was 10% contrarily to the 2% which is recorded by official sources. This study has contributed by filling the gap in literature on waste management for the city of Kigali and it recommends that the Government represented by the CoK should do more in terms of investing in SWM and creating a relationship between private waste collectors and local communities, and the private sector should be mobilized to invest in SWM activities.
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Mukandoli, Annie, and Claude Rusibana. "Internal Control System and Performance of Financial Institutions in Rwanda: A Case of Bank of Kigali in Nyarugenge District." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2058.
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The general objective of the study was to analyze the effects of internal control system on financial performance in Bank of Kigali. In methodology, descriptive research design was used to accumulate quantitative and qualitative information. The target populations of 398 BK personnel of headquarter where 191 respondents were selected by the formula of Krejcie and Morgan (1970). The data collection instrument such as questionnaires was used to accumulate information from the field. After processing the data, the last closing end result summarized in the structure of statistical tables such as descriptive statistical tables, regression tables and correlation analyzes for the use of the SPSS version 21.0 and the researcher gave an interpretation of the results. The study findings have proved a positive and significant relationship internal control system and financial performance because all calculated p-values are less than 0.01 significance level for instance the relationship between risk assessment and return on asset with p=.962 and sig=.000, between risk assessment and return on investment with p=.872 and sig=.000, between control activities and monitoring of operation with p=.917 and sig=.000, between control activities and return on equity with p=.937 and sig=.000, between control activities and return on asset with p=900 and sig=.000, between monitoring of operations and return on investment with p= 877 and sig=.000, between return on asset and return on investment with p=.889 and sig=.000, between return on asset and return on equity with p=.922 and sig=.000. Thus, implies that internal control system has an impact on financial performance in Bank of Kigali. Basing on the findings the research recommends BK to tackle all factors of internal control system in order to gather the information to enhance financial performance of Bank of Kigali. Keywords: Internal control system, Performance, financial institutions, Bank of Kigali, Rwanda
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Safi, Buhangu, Paul Munene Muiruri, and Safari Ernest. "Liquidity Management Requirement and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda: A Case of Bank of Kigali." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v7i8.1020.
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liquidity demands from depositors and borrowers of credit are not too correlated, an intermediary reduces its cash buffer by serving both customers. The study looked at effects of liquidity management requirement on commercial banks' financial performance in Rwanda a case of the bank of Kigali. The study specifically focused on: effect of credit risk, capital requirement, as well as liquidity requirement on banks' financial performance in Rwanda from 2016 to 2020. This research will help the learner get her master’s degree in finance as it is the requirement to get this degree; not only this but also by going through the literature review, the empirical review, and all steps of the research process, the researcher research skills will be high and empowered for the future field research. The study also provided different recommendations of the strategies that will be necessary and essential to be implemented in banks to achieve their financial performance. The 110 sizes were chosen through systematic random sampling and stratified sampling method from the population, and the data was gathered from respondents through questionnaires; documentary analysis was also used. Data were tabulated, coded, analyzed, and interpreted using SPSS (Version 22.0). The research revealed that at bank of Kigali, use of prudential loan management strategies has a significant positive association with the performance of a bank of Kigali as it is being indicated by the views of liquidity management requirement relates positively with financial performance of bank of Kigali and the relationship is significant since (?=0.225, p<0.5; p=0.000).from multiple regression analysis. The research concluded that loan management strategies greatly influences financial performance as justified by the high mean and homogeneity standard deviation of the variables and positive P-Values obtained from multiple regression analysis.
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Rosenberg, Ashley, Leoncie Mukeshimana, Alphosine Uwamahoro, Myles Dworkin, Vizir Nsengimana, Eugenie Kankindi, Mediatrice Niyonsaba, et al. "The Initial Prehospital Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Kigali, Rwanda." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 5 (June 30, 2020): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20000813.
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AbstractIntroduction:Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are an important cause of mortality and disability around the world. Early intervention and stabilization are necessary to obtain optimal outcomes, yet little is written on the topic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim is to provide a descriptive analysis of patients with TBI treated by Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU), the prehospital ambulance service in Kigali, Rwanda.Hypothesis/Problem:What is the incidence and nature of TBI seen on the ambulance in Kigali, Rwanda?Methods:A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using SAMU records captured on an electronic database from December 2012 through May 2016. Variables included demographic information, injury characteristics, and interventional data.Results:Patients with TBIs accounted for 18.0% (n = 2,012) of all SAMU cases. The incidence of TBIs in Kigali was 234 crashes per 100,000 people. The mean age was 30.5 (SD = 11.5) years and 81.5% (n = 1,615) were men. The most common mechanisms were road traffic incidents (RTIs; 78.5%, n = 1,535), assault (10.7%, n=216), and falls (7.8%, n=156). Most patients experienced mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] ≥ 13; 83.5%, n = 1,625). The most common interventions were provision of pain medications (71.0%, n = 1,429), placement of a cervical collar (53.6%, n = 1,079), and administration of intravenous fluids (48.7%, n = 979). In total, TBIs were involved in 67.0% of all mortalities seen by SAMU.Conclusion:Currently, TBIs represent a large burden of disease managed in the prehospital setting of Kigali, Rwanda. These injuries are most often caused by RTIs and were observed in 67% of mortalities seen by SAMU. Rwanda has implemented several initiatives to reduce the incidence of TBIs with a specific emphasis on road safety. Further efforts are needed to better prevent these injuries. Countries seeking to develop prehospital care capacity should train providers to manage patients with TBIs.
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Sharma, Vinay, Sudha Jayaraman, Megan Wojick, Cody McHargue, Ashley Rosenberg, Myles Dworkin, Jean Marie Uwitonze, Ignace Kabagema, Theophile Dushime, and Jeanne d\'Arc Nyinawankusi. "Standardization of Prehospital Care in Kigali, Rwanda." Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery 9, no. 1 (2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1263.
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Gutekunst, Marc Daniel. "The Mille Collines and Kigali at War." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1166502.
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Bosco, Ndayisenga Jean, and Matabaro Thomas. "Land Surface Temperature Analysis of Kigali City." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/45426.
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Yerbury, Hilary. "I-Witnessing; Reflections on Cosmopolitanism in Kigali." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 3 (November 29, 2011): 140–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i3.2230.
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Starting from the classic view of cosmopolitanism, this paper uses personal experiences gained during a six-week stay in Rwanda with a family affected by the genocide to explore the disjuncts which emerge in trying to understand the concept. In this process of exploration, it considers conceptions of the guest, the stranger and what Geertz terms the ‘cosmopolite’. Taking a reflexive position, it explores what it means to be a witness to events in someone else’s life, with a focus on post-genocide reconciliation that took place in the family in January and February 2011. In this context, it introduces the notions of cosmopolitan curiosity (Appiah) and cosmopolitan tolerance (Beck) and finds each of them affected by structural imbalances which render them potentially inadequate in practice. The paper concludes that, from a reflexive point of view, an understanding of cosmopolitanism is a work in progress, and that it is much more difficult to sustain as a lived reality than it is as an abstraction.
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Gutekunst, Marc Daniel. "The Mille Collines and Kigali at War." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050198x.
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As the tragic events of Rwanda started unfolding on April 6, 1994, I was in Kigali setting up a Postwar Rehabilitation and Development Program we had developed in collaboration with the Rwandan Ministries of Health and Defense, and ORTPN (the Rwandan Office of Tourism and National Parks). This program, implemented by a local NGO, included four components. The first consisted in the physical rehabilitation of institutions damaged in the war between October 1990 and March 1993, primarily hospitals, health centers and dispensaries in the Prefectures of Byumba and Ruhengeri. The first phase of this component had been completed by March 25, 1994, with funding from the Canadian Government and the EEC. Subsequent phases were intended to be program-oriented and to provide institutional support to these health facilities.
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Taylor, S., R. Simango, Y. Ogbolu, R. Riel, D. J. Riedel, and E. Musabeyezu. "Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes in Kigali, Rwanda." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.510.
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Stearns, Jason. "In Congo's Conflict, a Surprising Twist." Current History 108, no. 718 (May 1, 2009): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2009.108.718.202.
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Batsinda, Gilbert, and Jaya Shukla. "Inflation and Profitability of Commercial Banks in Rwanda: A Case Study of Bank of Kigali." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 10 (September 5, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n10p35.
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The study evaluates the impact of inflation on the profitability of commercial banks in Rwanda with specific focus on the Bank of Kigali. In Rwanda, the effect of inflation on the financial performance of commercial banks has not been adequately researched in relation to types of inflation. It is against this issue that the researcher wanted to carry out this research to find the relationship between inflation and profitability of commercial bank in Rwanda. The specific objectives of study were: to examine the trend of inflation in Rwanda; to examine the profitability of Bank of Kigali between 2011 and 2015; and to establish the relationship between inflation and profitability. To achieve objectives study used descriptive research design with population and sample size of 26 respondents. Correlation analysis is used to examine relationship between study variables. The study findings revealed that cost push inflation has positive high correlation to the Profitability of BK. Findings indicated that demand pull inflation and Monetary inflation has also positive high correlation profitability of Bank of Kigali. Finally it is concluded that the types of inflation affect commercial banks are cost push inflation, demand pull inflation and monetary inflation. Inflation has a significant role in enhancing commercial bank’s profitability.
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Bülte, Nicolai, Johanna Grzywotz, Tobias Römer, and Leonard Wolckenhaar. "Monitoring the Trial of Onesphore R. Before theOberlandesgerichtFrankfurt." German Law Journal 16, no. 2 (May 2015): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220002085x.
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“Twenty years ago today our country fell into deep ditches of darkness—twenty years later, today, we are a country united and a nation elevated.”Those were the words of Rwanda's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Louis Mushikiwabo, on 7 April 2014, as he spoke to the Rwandan People at the twentieth anniversary of the beginning of the Rwandan genocide. Thousands of Rwandans gathered at Rwanda's main sports stadium, the Amahoro stadium, in Kigali to mourn their losses together. Ban Kimoon, the UN Secretary-General, lit a flame at the Kigali Genocide Memorial Center and not only expressed his solidarity with all Rwandans, but also emphasized that the United Nations could and should have done more to avoid the most devastating chapter in Rwanda's history.
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Kabera, Telesphore, David C. Wilson, and Honorine Nishimwe. "Benchmarking performance of solid waste management and recycling systems in East Africa: Comparing Kigali Rwanda with other major cities." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 1_suppl (January 2019): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18819752.
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This paper aims to benchmark performance of combined solid waste management (SWM) and recycling systems in major cities of East Africa. The Wasteaware indicators are used to present a detailed systems analysis for Kigali in Rwanda, including a mass flow diagram; comparative data are taken from the Wasteaware database for Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Kampala, Uganda, Nairobi, Kenya, and also for neighboring Maputo, Mozambique. The stand-out result is the relatively high collection coverage achieved, in Maputo with extensive international technical assistance, and in Kigali using its own local resources. In both cases, governance factors are key. Kigali uses a public–private partnership, with exclusive franchises in 35 sectors being tendered every three years; households pay an affordable fee depending on their ability to pay (the service is free to the poorest category); and 95% fee collection rates are achieved, partly through co-collection with charges for local security patrols, which is a service people value highly given the recent history of the country. Another key priority to improve SWM across East Africa is to eliminate open dumping – only Kampala currently has an engineered disposal site. Recycling rates also need to be increased – only Nairobi currently has a good baseline to build on (30%). Common weaknesses include a lack of segregation at source, of institutional capacity, and of available and reliable waste data.
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Ntampaka, Pie, François Niragire, Philip Njeru Nyaga, and Gervais Habarugira. "Canine Gastrointestinal Nematodiases and Associated Risk Factors in Kigali City, Rwanda." Journal of Parasitology Research 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9956256.
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Canine nematodes pose a public health risk to humans and livestock; however, the prevalence of canine nematodiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of canine nematodiases and identifying the risk factors for such infections in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs, and nematode eggs were identified and quantified using the McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine nematodiases were analysed by a multivariable binary logistic regression model. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodiases in dogs was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8–42.9). The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp with 32.3% (95% CI: 22.8–41.8). Nearly 38.7% and 3.2% of the dogs infected with Ancylostoma spp and Toxocara canis had high egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces (≥550), respectively. Approximately 96.8% of dogs infected with nematodes had monoinfection. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog’s age (1 to 2.5 years old), location (Gasabo and Kicukiro districts), and feeding practices were significantly associated with prevalence of canine nematodiases. In particular, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was more than 5 times higher for dogs fed on uncooked animal products and leftovers from households and restaurants compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The AOR was also about 16 times higher for dogs that scavenged and ate leftovers from households compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of GI nematodes in domestic dogs in Kigali city, Rwanda, was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8–42.9). The identified nematodes, namely, Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara canis, are zoonotic, and dogs and humans are at risk of contracting these nematodes. The factors associated with canine GI nematodes in Kigali city include feeding practices and the dog’s age and location (district). Dog owners need to rethink procedures for deworming and feeding their dogs. Again, the public should be made aware of the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic nematodes to humans.
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David, MugumeNkuranga, Raymond Ongus, Mbaabu Gitonga, and MukuruSsessaazi Alfred. "USER INTERFACE DESIGN AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS USAGE: A CASE STUDY OF TVET INFORMATION SYSTEM AT IPRC KIGALI." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i1.2018.46.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of User Interface Design on Information Systems Usage for the Technical Vocational and Educational Training Information System at (TVET-IS) at Integrated Polytechnic and Regional Centre (IPRC) Kigali, with the following objectives; to examine the design of the user interface of TVET information systems at IPRC Kigali; to evaluate the level of usage of the TVET information system at IPRC Kigali; and to establish the relationship between TVET Information system user interface design and its usage. The study was a descriptive research design with a simple random sampling method used to select academic, administrative, and ICT staff respondents for administration of the questionnaire. From a target population of 308, a sample size of 174 staff was selected. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 with tables, frequencies and charts used for presentation. TVET IS components considered in this research, were interface usability, interface layout and the interface design technology. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.587, P<0.01) was found between interface layout and IS Usage implying that the relationship was positive and statistically significant. Similarly r = 0.743, P<0.01 for the relationship between interface design Technology and IS Usage implying that the relationship was positive and statistically significant. Correlation coefficient (r = 0.642) and p-value (0.000) was produced between interface usability and IS usage meaning the relationship was positive and statistically significant. The TVET IS was used for data entry, retrieval and data security to a very minimal degree. The finding therefore showed that the relationship between User Interface Design and IS usage with multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.994, provided evidence that user interface design and TVET IS usage was positive and statistically significant. The recommendation after this study and findings is that IPRC Kigali administration should set up policies and mechanism to have all its activities done online with much emphasis on TVET Information System since most modules for the activities are included in this system. The online activities would include those activities that bring incentives to the staff and activities like accreditation of programs and accreditation of schools be done online through TVET-IS. More coaching is paramount to the users of the system so that they are very conversant with the system and technologies used. Workforce Development Authority should only accept online applications for accreditation and its approval to IPRC through TVET Information. The government should set the policy where online services are paramount and this would encourage institutions like IPRC Kigali to use the available systems like TVET-IS to the maximum.
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Uwera, Diana, and Paul Munene. "Diplomacy Promotion and Economic Development in Rwanda A Case of United States Embassy Kigali." Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities (ISSN: 2208-2387) 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnssh.v7i10.1072.
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The Diplomacy performs a key role in shaping what takes area in international relations including bilateral relations, development aids, foreign policy and political and state interests. Diplomacy promotion is changing along with at least three dimensions, so the first is that in today’s world household participants work nationally to meet famous challenges. Not long ago, diplomacy used to promote hobbies throughout the country, while development used to be once the eradication of poverty. The intentions of the researcher to conduct a study to find out the role of diplomacy promotion on economic development of Rwanda with specific consideration of the United States of America Embassy in Kigali. The researcher also used descriptive research design and while collecting data interview guide and questionnaire were used as data collection instrument. The study sampled 152 respondents from 246 employees of United Nations of America Embassy in Kigali. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistic. In descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation was used while in inferential statistic correlation and regression analysis through use of SPSS version 21. The study results revealed that capacity building, social welfare and Poverty reduction has role in economic development of Rwanda. The study revealed that that the overall model had R coefficient .975 reveals that diplomacy promotion (capacity building, social welfare and Poverty reduction) had a positive relationship with economic development of Rwanda. The coefficient of determination indicated by Adjusted R square of .950 also indicates that capacity building, social welfare and Poverty reduction explains 95.0% the role economic development of Rwanda .Thus, it implies that predictors of economic development of Rwanda such as Per capital income of and Gross domestic product had 95.0%. The findings of this study proved that there is a relationship between capacity building and economic development of Rwanda (p=.773 and sig=.000), between social welfare and economic development of Rwanda (p=.783 and sig=.000). Thus, it implies that there is a relationship between diplomacy promotion (capacity building, social welfare and Poverty reduction) and economic development with specific consideration of US Embassy Kigali. The researcher would like to recommend to the US Embassy Kigali to enhance the foreign policy regarding promotion of capacity building among the people living in Rwanda to ensure economic development. The researcher would also like to recommend to the beneficiaries of US Embassy Kigali projects to make sure that the projects run for them reduce poverty and enhance the welfare of their households because the results showing that there is a positive significant between diplomacy and poverty reduction, and social welfare in Rwanda.
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Ntaganira, Seth, and Eugenia Nkechi Irechukwu. "CAMEL Approach and Financial Sector Sustainability of Commercial Banks in Rwanda: A Case of Bank of Kigali, Rwanda." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 140–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2059.
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The study analyzed the CAMEL approach and financial sector sustainability of commercial banks in Rwanda, with data collection at the Bank of Kigali (BK). The specific objectives were to find out the effects of capital adequacy on the financial sustainability of Bank of Kigali; to examine the effects of asset quality on the financial sustainability of Bank of Kigali; to evaluate the effects of management efficiency on the financial sustainability of Bank of Kigali; to analyze the effects of Earnings sufficiency on the financial sustainability of Bank of Kigali, and to evaluate the effects of liquidity on the financial sustainability of Bank of Kigali. The qualitative and descriptive approaches were applied in this study with linear regression showing the relationship between two variables using SPSS IBM 22.0 version. The target population of this study was 51 employees from BK headquarters, and 51 respondents are the sample size. Sampling procedures were used is purposive sampling procedure for selecting participants of this study. The questionnaire and interview guide, documentary techniques were used by the researcher to obtain the information for this study. Descriptive statistical methods and linear regression analysis test was used in the analysis of this study. Findings indicated that there is a strong correlation between capital adequacy and financial sector sustainability as Pearson correlation is 0.784** with the p-value of 0.000, which is less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. The results show that there is a strong correlation between asset quality and financial sector sustainability as Pearson correlation is .799**. The p-value is 0.000, which is less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. The results show that there is a positive and very strong correlation between management efficiency and financial sector sustainability of BK as the Pearson correlation is .891**. The p-value is 0.000, which is less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. The results show that there is a strong correlation between earnings sufficiency and financial sector sustainability of BK as the Pearson correlation is .572**. The p-value is 0.000, which is less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. Findings show that there is a strong correlation between liquidity and financial sector sustainability of BK as Pearson correlation was 0.616**. The p-value is 0.000, which is less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. Findings revealed that the p-value is 0.000 which is less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01 as it is an indicator of the existence of a significant relationship between the CAMEL approach and financial sector sustainability of BK since, as Pearson correlation value was 0.854** which is a positive and very strong correlation between two variables (CAMEL approach and financial sector sustainability of BK). Based on the findings obtained above, the study concludes that there is a significant and positive relationship between the CAMEL approach and the financial sector sustainability of BK, Rwanda. As a recommendation, Bank management should improve on the management of bank assets and liabilities, especially on the quality of assets portfolio and deposit liabilities to improve on the achievement of corporate objectives.
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Sodaro, Amy. "Skabelsen af fortiden i Kigali Genocide Memorial Center." Slagmark - Tidsskrift for idéhistorie, no. 60 (March 9, 2018): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sl.v0i60.103986.
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Emerging from the extremely violent 20th century, memorial museums are a new form of commemoration, created to both commemorate and educate about past genocide, human rights abuses and other injustices with the goal of instilling in their visitors an ethic of “never again.” However, these ambitious goals are often compromised by the politics behind the creation of memorial museums. The focus of this paper is on the ways in which memorial museums produce history according to the dictates, needs and desires of the regimes that build them, using the example of the Kigali Genocide Memorial Center in Rwanda. Despite the fact that the Kigali Center commemorates the 1994 Rwandan genocide using the increasingly familiar, global memorial museum form, it reveals much more about current Rwandan politics and the government’s hopes for the future of Rwanda than it does confront the terrible past.
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Iraguha, Fidele, Ari Handono Ramelan, and Prabang Setyono. "Assessment of current solid waste management practices, community perceptions, and contributions in the City of Kigali, Rwanda." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1016, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012056.
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Abstract Socioeconomic development, urbanization, an uncontrollable massive population rate, and higher living standards in cities increase the amount and variety of solid waste generated. If it accumulates, it degrades the urban environment, affects natural resources, and causes health problems. Dumping sites are becoming an increasing source of concern for Rwanda municipalities, particularly in Kigali City, and they are a significant source of pollution in the air, water, and land. This article aims to assess current solid waste treatment practices in the City of Kigali and evaluate the local community attitudes, participation, and perception in waste management. This research uses a mixed method to understand better how the waste management system performs in Kigali City. The data was collected by distributing a questionnaire to respondents, conducting interviews with communities, and contacting all companies that collect and recycle waste, government institutions, and other sources such as national household surveys and reports. The quantity and type of municipal solid waste (MSW) varies in each identified district. The findings indicate that personal attitude and perception are essential while engaging in waste management practices. There are poorly implemented WM laws and regulations. Due to incomplete combustion, open landfill fire produces smoke, hazardous gases, and particles that pollute the air. In addition, methane concentrations can reach up to 50 percent of landfill gas composition at the maximum anaerobic decomposition. These gases participate in the increase of greenhouse gas effect, global warming, and climate change.
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Dworkin, Myles, Vizir Nsengimana, Ashley Rosenberg, John Scott, Robert Riviello, Elizabeth Krebs, Christian Umuhoza, et al. "Prehospital epidemiology and management of injured children in Kigali, Rwanda." Emergency Medicine Journal 37, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-208907.
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IntroductionPaediatric injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, yet little information exists regarding its epidemiology or prehospital management in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to describe the paediatric injuries seen and managed by the prehospital ambulance service, Service d’Aide Medicale d’Urgence (SAMU), in Kigali, Rwanda over more than 3 years.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive analysis was conducted of all injured children managed by SAMU in the prehospital setting between December 2012 and April 2016.ResultsSAMU responded to a total of 636 injured children, 10% of all patients seen. The incidence of paediatric injury in Kigali, Rwanda was 140 injuries per 100 000 children. 65% were male and the average age 13.5 (±5.3). Most patients were between 15 and 19 years old (56%). The most common causes of injuries were road traffic incidents (RTIs) (447, 72%), falls (70, 11%) and assaults (50, 8%). Most RTIs involved pedestrians (251, 56%), while 15% (65) involved a bicycle. Anatomical injuries included trauma to the head (330, 52%), lower limb (280, 44%) and upper limb (179, 28%). Common interventions included provision of pain medications (445, 70%), intravenous fluids (217, 34%) and stabilisation with cervical collar (190, 30%).ConclusionIn Kigali, RTIs were the most frequent cause of injuries to children requiring prehospital response with most RTIs involving pedestrians. Rwanda has recently instituted several programmes to reduce the impact of paediatric injuries especially with regard to RTIs. These include changes in traffic laws and increased road safety initiatives.
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Karita, Etienne, Waldina Martinez, Philippe Van de Perre, Alphonse Nziyumvira, Josepha Nyiraminani, Jean Baptiste Butera, and Emile Fox. "HIV Infection among STD Patients—Kigali, Rwanda, 1988 to 1991." International Journal of STD & AIDS 4, no. 4 (July 1993): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249300400406.
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To follow the progression of HIV seropositivity among heterosexual adults at risk for HIV infection in the country of Rwanda prospectively, up to 100 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were tested each month from 1988 to 1991 at the health centre of Biryogo, which is located in a very crowded sector of the capital city, Kigali. Each patient had a blood sample tested anonymously for the presence of HIV antibodies. HIV seropositivity was defined as a reactive ELISA test combined to a reactive Western blot test. The overall HIV seropositivity among the 2058 subjects tested was 61%. It was higher (73%) among the 688 women tested as compared to the 1362 men tested (55%; P < 0.001). The per cent HIV seropositivity did not increase between 1988 and 1991, neither among the male nor among the female clinic attenders. However, the per cent seropositivity was higher in the older age groups, especially among the males. This exceedingly high proportion of HIV-infected STD patients in Kigali re-emphasizes the urgent need to include STD treatment, prevention and control among the priority actions for decreasing HIV transmission in African towns. Also, as the per cent seropositivities did not show any trend to increase over the 4-year period considered, we propose that our intensive HIV serosurveillance strategy among STD patients in Kigali be modified, since the plateau of HIV infection appears to have been attained in this particular high-risk population.
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Gubic, Ilija, and Oana Baloi. "Public open space initiatives for healthier cities in Rwanda." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 2 (April 30, 2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i2.1287.
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With a population of close to 13 million, and an annual growth rate of 2.86 percent, Rwanda plans to position itself as a climate resilient, low carbon, low unemployment, reduced poverty country, with a strong services sector by 2050. Its projected increase in its urbanization rate from a current value of 18.4 percent to 35 percent by 2024 is driven by strong political will, significant investments in infrastructure, service provision, and human capital development. Rwanda’s secondary cities, identified as economic nodes of growth, are currently undergoing revision of their masterplans in consideration of climate change realities and the pressure on infrastructure and services due to rapid urbanization. Currently, cities in Rwanda do not yet have a system of public open spaces. Where available, such spaces are usually hardly accessible and need upgrading. To address this, the Ministry of Infrastructure, Rwanda Housing Authority, City of Kigali and six secondary cities have committed to deliver on public open space related activities and targets under the yearly performance contract ‘Imihigo’. The outcomes of their commitments support the climate-responsive revision of masterplans of the City of Kigali and six secondary cities. This paper presents public open space initiatives in Kigali and the results of the technical assessment of public open spaces and participatory planning and design workshop in Nyagatare, secondary city in Rwanda’s. It also discusses ongoing policy changes and initiatives that aim to promote public open spaces as crucial for urban public health.
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Chao, Zhang, Cao Peng, and Li Jianbo. "Traffic Demand Forecast of Road in Kigali, Rwanda." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (January 11, 2013): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4987.
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Bachofer, Felix, Andreas Braun, Florian Adamietz, Sally Murray, Pablo d’Angelo, Edward Kyazze, Abias Philippe Mumuhire, and Jonathan Bower. "Building Stock and Building Typology of Kigali, Rwanda." Data 4, no. 3 (July 21, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4030105.
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This study uses very high-resolution Pléiades imagery for the densely built-up central part of the City of Kigali for the year 2015 in order to derive urban morphology data on building footprints, building archetypes and building heights. Aerial images of the study area from 2008–2009 were used in combination with the 2015 dataset to create a change monitoring dataset on a single building basis. A semi-automated approach was chosen which combined an object-based image analysis with an expert-based revision. The result is a geospatial dataset that detects 165,625 buildings for 2008–2009 and 211,458 for 2015. The dataset includes information on the type of changes between the two dates. Analysis of this geospatial dataset can be used for a range of research applications in economics and the social sciences, as well as a range of policy applications in urban planning and municipal finance administration.
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Nkurunziza, David. "Land Value Effects on Kigali Master Plan Implementation." Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2, no. 03 (March 20, 2016): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/03.02.2016/006.
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Friedman, Bonnie. "Hooded Vultures at an abattoir in Kigali, Rwanda." Vulture News 80, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v80i1.4.
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Tadjo, Véronique. "Genocide: the changing landscape of memory in Kigali." African Identities 8, no. 4 (November 2010): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2010.513252.
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