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Journal articles on the topic 'Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hidajat, Melanny, Dominik Selleslag, Achiel Van Hoof, Jan Van Droogenbroeck, Johan Billiet, and Arnold Criel. "Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) Genotypes in a Belgian Population." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3852.3852.

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Abstract KIRs (Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors) are expressed on NK (Natural Killer) cells and a subpopulation of T lymphocytes namely memory CD8+ T cells. The distribution of KIR genes varies among individuals and populations. These genes are encoded on chromosome 19 (19q13.4). Till now 17 KIR genes and pseudogenes have been identified. KIRs recognise groups of HLA class I alleles. NK activity is partially controlled through the interaction between KIRs and their HLA ligands. Several studies report that KIRs may affect the outcome of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantations. We perf

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2

Cremer, Anja, Ute Heider, Stefan Tomiuk, et al. "Integrated Genotyping and mRNA Expression Profiling of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 3909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3909.3909.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells belong to a subgroup of lymphocytes (CD3-CD56+) which play an important role in the cellular immune response against virus-infected cells and tumors. The activity of NK cells is regulated by a balance of triggering and inhibitory receptors, including Killer Ig-like Receptor (KIR) molecules which interact with specific HLA class I molecules, predominantly HLA-C, on target cells. The 17 known KIR genes are divided into two classes: activating KIRs and inhibitory KIRs. There is strong evidence that inhibitory KIR mismatch between donor and recipient improves the

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3

Luc-Aimé, Kagoué Simeni, Yindom Louis-Marie, Loni Ekali Gabriel, Clauvis Kunkeng Yengo, F. Esemu Livo, and Nguedia Jules Clement Assob. "Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIR) in HIV-Exposed Infants in Cameroon." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9053280.

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The biological reason(s) behind persistent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (albeit at reduced rate compared to the preantiretroviral therapy era) in spite of the successful implementation of advanced control measures in many African countries remains a priority concern to many HIV/AIDS control programs. This may be partly due to differences in host immunogenetic factors in highly polymorphic regions of the human genome such as those encoding the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) molecules which modulate the activities of natural killer cells. The primary aim of this stu

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4

Fauriat, Cyril, Martin A. Ivarsson, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Karl-Johan Malmberg, and Jakob Michaëlsson. "Education of human natural killer cells by activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Blood 115, no. 6 (2010): 1166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-09-245746.

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Abstract Expression of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) specific for self–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules provides an educational signal that generates functional natural killer (NK) cells. However, the effects of activating KIRs specific for self-MHC class I on NK-cell education remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the activating receptor KIR2DS1 tunes down the responsiveness of freshly isolated human NK cells to target cell stimulation in donors homozygous for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–C2, the ligand of KIR2DS1. The tuning was

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5

Rettman, Pauline, Matthew D. Blunt, Rebecca J. Fulton, et al. "Peptide: MHC-based DNA vaccination strategy to activate natural killer cells by targeting killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 5 (2021): e001912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001912.

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BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cells are increasingly being recognized as agents for cancer immunotherapy. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed by NK cells and are immunogenetic determinants of the outcome of cancer. In particular, KIR2DS2 is associated with protective responses to several cancers and also direct recognition of cancer targets in vitro. Due to the high homology between activating and inhibitory KIR genes to date, it has been challenging to target individual KIR for therapeutic benefit.MethodsA novel KIR2DS2-targeting therapeutic peptide:MHC DNA vacc

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6

Parham, Peter, Paul J. Norman, Laurent Abi-Rached, and Lisbeth A. Guethlein. "Human-specific evolution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor recognition of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1590 (2012): 800–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0266.

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In placental mammals, natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphocytes that make unique contributions to immune defence and reproduction, functions essential for survival of individuals, populations and species. Modulating these functions are conserved and variable NK-cell receptors that recognize epitopes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In humans, for example, recognition of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E by the CD94:NKG2A receptor is conserved, whereas recognition of HLA-A, B and C by the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) is diversified.

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7

Treanor, Bebhinn, Peter M. P. Lanigan, Sunil Kumar, et al. "Microclusters of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin–like receptor signaling at natural killer cell immunological synapses." Journal of Cell Biology 174, no. 1 (2006): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200601108.

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We report the supramolecular organization of killer Ig–like receptor (KIR) phosphorylation using a technique applicable to imaging phosphorylation of any green fluorescent protein–tagged receptor at an intercellular contact or immune synapse. Specifically, we use fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to report Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between GFP-tagged KIR2DL1 and a Cy3-tagged generic anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody. Visualization of KIR phosphorylation in natural killer (NK) cells contacting target cells expressing cognate major histocompatibility complex class I pro

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8

Abi-Rached, Laurent, and Peter Parham. "Natural selection drives recurrent formation of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49 from inhibitory homologues." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 8 (2005): 1319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20042558.

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Expression of killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) diversifies human natural killer cell populations and T cell subpopulations. Whereas the major histocompatibility complex class I binding functions of inhibitory KIR are known, specificities for the activating receptors have resisted analysis. To understand better activating KIR and their relationship to inhibitory KIR, we took the approach of reconstructing their natural history and that of Ly49, the analogous system in rodents. A general principle is that inhibitory receptors are ancestral, the activating receptors having evolved from them b

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9

Rajagopalan, Sumati, and Eric O. Long. "Understanding how combinations of HLA and KIR genes influence disease." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 7 (2005): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050499.

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Combinations of HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor (KIR) genes have been associated with diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, reproductive failure, and now cancer. Much as early observations of disease associations with HLA polymorphism preceded a detailed knowledge of HLA recognition by T cell receptors, the recently reported disease associations with HLA–KIR gene combinations beg for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

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10

Gumá, Mónica, Ana Angulo, Carlos Vilches, Natalia Gómez-Lozano, Núria Malats, and Miguel López-Botet. "Imprint of human cytomegalovirus infection on the NK cell receptor repertoire." Blood 104, no. 12 (2004): 3664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-05-2058.

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Expression of the activating CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor (KLR) specific for HLA-E was analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy adult blood donors; the expression of other natural killer (NK) cell receptors (ie, CD94/NKG2A, KIR, CD85j, CD161, NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D) was also studied. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection as well as the HLA-E and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes were considered as potentially relevant variables associated with CD94/NKG2C expression. The proportion of NKG2C+ lymphocytes varied within a wide range (&lt;0.1% t

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11

Li, Guangjin, Mingcan Yu, Cornelia M. Weyand, and Jörg J. Goronzy. "Epigenetic regulation of killer immunoglobulin–like receptor expression in T cells." Blood 114, no. 16 (2009): 3422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-01-200170.

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Abstract With increasing age, T cells gain expression of killer immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) that transmit negative signals and dampen the immune response. KIR expression is induced in CD4 and CD8 T cells by CpG DNA demethylation suggesting epigenetic control. To define the mechanisms that underlie the age-associated preferential KIR expression in CD8 T cells, we examined KIR2DL3 promoter methylation patterns. With age, CD8 T cells developed a patchy and stochastic promoter demethylation even in cells that did not express the KIR2DL3-encoded CD158b protein; complete demethylation of th

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12

Vojvodic, Svetlana, and D. Ademovic-Sazdanic. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes linkage disequilibrium analysis in population of Vojvodina." Genetika 47, no. 2 (2015): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1502439v.

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Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs) form a group of regulatory molecules that modulate cytolytic activity of natural killer cells and T cells through interaction with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on target cells. KIRs are encoded by the family of 16 homologous genes that vary substantially between haplotypes and display sequence polymorphism with allelic variation that also contributes to diversity within the complex. The aim of the study is to estimate two locus linkage disequilibrium for 16 KIR loci. In this study, we report the evaluation of KIR gene content, all

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13

Alter, Galit, Suzannah Rihn, Hendrik Streeck, et al. "Ligand-Independent Exhaustion of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-Positive CD8+ T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection." Journal of Virology 82, no. 19 (2008): 9668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00341-08.

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ABSTRACT Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in the control of viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, despite the presence of strong and broad HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in chronic HIV-1 infection, these cells progressively lose critical effector functions and fail to clear the infection. Mounting evidence suggests that the upregulation of several inhibitory regulatory receptors on the surface of CD8+ T cells during HIV-1 infection may contribute directly to the impairment of T-cell function. Here, we investigated the rol

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14

Varbanova, V., S. Mihaylova, E. Naumova, C. Cotoc, and A. Mihaylova. "Family-based Association Study of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes with Leukemia." Acta Medica Bulgarica 46, no. 3 (2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2019-0023.

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Abstract NK cell function is controlled by the cell expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their ligation with the corresponding HLA ligands. Various malignancies have been associated with certain KIRs surface cell expression and various KIR/HLA ligand combinations. Prior research using case/control study design demonstrates the role of KIR and KIR HLA ligands as genetic factor involved in tumor susceptibility. The objective of this study was to investigate the family-based association of KIRs, HLA class I ligands and KIR/ligand combinations with leukemia diagnosis in fa

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15

Marin, Wesley M., Ravi Dandekar, Danillo G. Augusto, et al. "High-throughput Interpretation of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Short-read Sequencing Data with PING." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 8 (2021): e1008904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008904.

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The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) complex on chromosome 19 encodes receptors that modulate the activity of natural killer cells, and variation in these genes has been linked to infectious and autoimmune disease, as well as having bearing on pregnancy and transplant outcomes. The medical relevance and high variability of KIR genes makes short-read sequencing an attractive technology for interrogating the region, providing a high-throughput, high-fidelity sequencing method that is cost-effective. However, because this gene complex is characterized by extensive nucleotide polymor

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16

Vey, Norbert, and Daniel Olive. "Anti-natural Killer Inhibitory Receptors in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia." European Oncology & Haematology 06, no. 01 (2010): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eoh.2010.06.1.86.

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Treatment with anti-killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) is a new approach aimed at harnessing the antileukaemic potential of natural killer (NK) cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). NK cell antitumour activity is regulated by a balance between activating and inhibitory receptors (KIR). 1-7F9/IPH2101 is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) mAb that binds to inhibitory KIR and blocks binding with its ligand (human leukocyte antigen C [HLA-C] molecule) on leukaemic cells.In vitro,and in a surrogatein vivomodel in mice, treatment with 1-7

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17

Littera, Roberto, Luchino Chessa, Silvia Deidda, et al. "Natural killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors trigger differences in immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255608.

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Background The diversity in the clinical course of COVID-19 has been related to differences in innate and adaptative immune response mechanisms. Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are critical protagonists of human host defense against viral infections. It would seem that reduced circulating levels of these cells have an impact on COVID-19 progression and severity. Their activity is strongly regulated by killer-cell immuno-globulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed on the NK cell surface. The present study’s focus was to investigate the impact of KIRs and their HLA Class I ligands on SARS-CoV-2 inf

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18

Cichocki, Frank, Todd Lenvik, Stephen K. Anderson, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "Antisense Transcripts Negatively Regulate Transcription of Multiple Variegated Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genes." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.105.105.

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Abstract Natural killer cells are CD3 negative large granular lymphocytes that lyse virally infected and malignantly transformed targets. NK cell functions are regulated by an array of inhibitory and activating receptors, including members of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family. Human KIR genes are expressed in a variegated and clonally restricted manner on the surface of mature NK cells. While it is well established that individual KIR gene expression is strongly correlated with the DNA methylation status of CpG dinucleotides within the promoter region proximal to the transcr

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19

Yawata, Makoto, Nobuyo Yawata, Monia Draghi, Ann-Margaret Little, Fotini Partheniou, and Peter Parham. "Roles for HLA and KIR polymorphisms in natural killer cell repertoire selection and modulation of effector function." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 3 (2006): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20051884.

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Interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands regulate the development and response of human natural killer (NK) cells. Natural selection drove an allele-level group A KIR haplotype and the HLA-C1 ligand to unusually high frequency in the Japanese, who provide a particularly informative population for investigating the mechanisms by which KIR and HLA polymorphism influence NK cell repertoire and function. HLA class I ligands increase the frequencies of NK cells expressing cognate KIR, an effect modified by gene dose, KIR

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20

Obama, Kosuke, Yoshitaka Furukawa, Mitsutoshi Tara, et al. "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genotype and HTLV-1 Associated Disease’s Susceptibilities." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4481.4481.

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Abstract [Introduction] Natural killer (NK) cells show cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells and some tumor cells. The highly polymorphic killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) which recognize HLA class 1 molecules play a major role in these cytotoxic activities, and also express on some T-cells. Human T-lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a caucassive agent for leukemia and some autoimmune diseases. We investigated the correlations between the KIR genotype and susceptibilities to HTLV-1 associated diseases i.e. adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM). [M

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21

Cooley, Sarah, Peter Parham, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "Strategies to activate NK cells to prevent relapse and induce remission following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Blood 131, no. 10 (2018): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-08-752170.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of innate immunity that respond to virus infected and tumor cells. After allogeneic transplantation, NK cells are the first reconstituting lymphocytes, but are dysfunctional. Manipulating this first wave of lymphocytes could be instrumental in reducing the 40% relapse rate following transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning. NK cells express numerous activating and inhibitory receptors. Some recognize classical or nonclassical HLA class I ligands, others recognize class I–like ligands or unrelated ligands. Dominant in the NK-cell tra

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22

Stuebig, Thomas, Michael Lioznov, Ulrike Fritsche-Friedland, et al. "Recovery of KIR Expression After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Patients." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 4555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4555.4555.

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Abstract Abstract 4555 Introduction: Activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) are predominantly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. KIR mismatch allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has been reported to provide beneficial effects for Multiple Myeloma (MM). However, their recovery in MM patients remains poorly understood. We, therefore, analysed KIR recovery in 90 MM patients after alloSCT. Methods: KIR expression (CD158a/h, CD158b/b2, CD158e1/e2) on NK cells and T cell subsets was measured by flow cytometry at different time points after alloSCT. Resul

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23

Jelčić, Ilijas, Katharine C. Hsu, Kristina Kakalacheva, et al. "Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor locus polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 7 (2011): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511431726.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze whether inhibitory and activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles defined by their KIR binding motifs are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility or severity. Method: We performed a population-based case–control study in 321 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and clinically definite MS (CDMS) and 156 healthy blood donors (HD). Inhibitory and activating KIRs and HLA class I alleles were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-spec

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24

Sosnina, K., D. Zastavna, O. Terpyliak, L. Bober, and H. Makukh. "P004 Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) genes repertoire among cystic fibrosis patients." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 18 (June 2019): S57—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30299-1.

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25

Aranda-Romo, Saray, Christian A. Garcia-Sepulveda, Andreu Comas-García, et al. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in severe A (H1N1) 2009 influenza infections." Immunogenetics 64, no. 9 (2012): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-012-0623-3.

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26

Igarashi, Takehito, Jason Wynberg, Ramprasad Srinivasan, et al. "Enhanced cytotoxicity of allogeneic NK cells with killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand incompatibility against melanoma and renal cell carcinoma cells." Blood 104, no. 1 (2004): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-12-4438.

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Abstract Cellular inactivation through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) may allow neoplastic cells to evade host natural killer (NK) cell–mediated immunity. Recently, alloreactive NK cells were shown to mediate antileukemic effects against acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after mismatched transplantation, when KIR ligand incompatibility existed in the direction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Therefore, we investigated whether solid tumor cells would have similar enhanced susceptibility to allogeneic KIR-incompatible NK cells compared with their KIR-matched autologous or alloge

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Bernal, Enrique, Lourdes Gimeno, María J. Alcaraz, et al. "Activating Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Are Associated With the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019." Journal of Infectious Diseases 224, no. 2 (2021): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab228.

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Abstract Background Etiopathogenesis of the clinical variability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains mostly unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/human leukocyte antigen class-I (HLA-I) interactions in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Methods We performed KIR and HLA-I genotyping and natural killer cell (NKc) receptors immunophenotyping in 201 symptomatic patients and 210 noninfected controls. Results The NKcs with a distinctive immunophenotype, suggestive of recent activation (KIR2DS4low CD16low CD226low CD

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Epling-Burnette, P. K., Jeffrey S. Painter, H. S. Lee, et al. "Genetic Disparities in Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIR) and MHC Class I in Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 4121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4121.4121.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Activating (KIRDS) natural killer cell receptors (NKR) containing an intracellular ITAM activation domain are expressed on NK and some T-cells to invoke effector responses against MHC class I-deficient tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Effector cell activation is abrogated by inhibitory forms (KIRDL) of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) that bind specific epitopes of MHC class I and prevent reaction against normal cells. Since HLA class I and KIR genes are not linked, KIR gene inheritance may occur in the absence of self HLA-class I alleles (i.e., KIR/HLA

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Cooley, Sarah, Feng Xiao, Michelle Pitt, et al. "A subpopulation of human peripheral blood NK cells that lacks inhibitory receptors for self-MHC is developmentally immature." Blood 110, no. 2 (2007): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-07-036228.

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Abstract How receptor acquisition correlates with the functional maturation of natural killer (NK) cells is poorly understood. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to compare NKG2 and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene expression in NK cells from allogeneic transplant recipients and their donors. Marked differences were observed in the NK subsets of recipients who had 8-fold more CD56bright cells, diminished KIR expression (except 2DL4), and increased NKG2A. In normal blood not all CD56dim cells express KIR, and a novel subpopulation of cells commit

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Boelen, Lies, Bisrat Debebe, Marcos Silveira, et al. "Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors strengthen CD8+ T cell–mediated control of HIV-1, HCV, and HTLV-1." Science Immunology 3, no. 29 (2018): eaao2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aao2892.

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Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed predominantly on natural killer cells, where they play a key role in the regulation of innate immune responses. Recent studies show that inhibitory KIRs can also affect adaptive T cell–mediated immunity. In mice and in human T cells in vitro, inhibitory KIR ligation enhanced CD8+ T cell survival. To investigate the clinical relevance of these observations, we conducted an extensive immunogenetic analysis of multiple independent cohorts of HIV-1–, hepatitis C virus (HCV)–, and human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)–infected ind

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Dębska-Zielkowska, Joanna, Grażyna Moszkowska, Maciej Zieliński, et al. "KIR Receptors as Key Regulators of NK Cells Activity in Health and Disease." Cells 10, no. 7 (2021): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071777.

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Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the cellular immune response. They target mainly cancer and virally infected cells. To a high extent cytotoxic activity of NK cells is regulated inter alia by signals from killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are important ligands for KIR receptors. Binding of ligands (such as MHC I) to the KIR receptors has the important role in solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplantation. Of note, the understanding of the relationship between KIR and MHC receptors may contribute to the improvement

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Mehta, Rohtesh S., and Katayoun Rezvani. "Can we make a better match or mismatch with KIR genotyping?" Hematology 2016, no. 1 (2016): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.106.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated by a fine balance between numerous activating and inhibitory receptors, of which killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are among the most polymorphic and comprehensively studied. KIRs allow NK cells to recognize downregulation or the absence of HLA class I molecules on target cells (known as missing-self), a phenomenon that is commonly observed in virally infected cells or cancer cells. Because KIR and HLA genes are located on different chromosomes, in an allogeneic environment such as after hematopoietic stem cell transplantat

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Jamil, Khaleel M., and Salim I. Khakoo. "KIR/HLA Interactions and Pathogen Immunity." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/298348.

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The innate immune system is the first line of defence in response to pathogen infection. Natural killer (NK) cells perform a vital role in this response with the ability to directly kill infected cells, produce cytokines, and cross-talk with the adaptive immune system. These effector functions are dependent on activation of NK cells which is determined by surface receptor interactions with ligands on target cells. Of these receptors, the polymorphic killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), which interact with MHC class 1 (also highly polymorphic), are largely inhibitory, and exhibit substa

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Epling-Burnette, Pearlie Kay, Jeffrey S. Painter, Pratima Chaurasia, et al. "Dysregulated NK receptor expression in patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes." Blood 103, no. 9 (2004): 3431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-02-0400.

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Abstract The natural killer (NK) type of lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) is associated with the expansion of CD3-, CD16+, and/or CD56+ lymphocytes. We have examined the repertoire of NK receptors expressed on these cells and delineated the functional activity. We found skewed NK receptor expression on patient NK cells. Reactivity to a single anti-killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (anti-KIR) antibody was noted in 7 of 13 patients. LDGL patients variably expressed NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 RNA. In contrast, CD94 and its inhibitory heterodimerization partner NKG2A

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Kogure, Toshiaki, Naoki Mantani, Shinya Sakai, Yutaka Shimada, Jun'ichi Tamura, and Katsutoshi Terasawa. "Natural killer cytolytic activity is associated with the expression of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors on peripheral lymphocytes in human." Mediators of Inflammation 12, no. 2 (2003): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0962935031000097727.

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Although it has been shown that killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on peripheral lymphocytes are upregulated by interleukin-2 (IL-2), which activates natural killer (NK) activity, it has not been demonstrated whether the expression of KIRs is related to NK activity. Therefore, we investigated the association between the KIR expression on lymphocytes and NK activity. CD158a/b expression on lymphocytes obtained from 37 subjects was analyzed using flow cytometry. Simultaneously, NK activity was measured each sample using a51Cr-release assay. Additionally, lymphocytes were cultured i

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Almalte, Zaema, Suzanne Samarani, Alexandre Iannello, et al. "Novel associations between activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and childhood leukemia." Blood 118, no. 5 (2011): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-10-313791.

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Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of pre-B cells (pre-B ALL) is the most frequent form of leukemia affecting children in Western countries. Evidence is accumulating that genetic factors play an important role in conferring susceptibility/resistance to leukemia in children. In this regard, activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are of particular interest. Humans may inherit different numbers of the 6 distinct activating KIR genes. Little is known about the impact of this genetic variation on the innate susceptibility or resistance of humans to the development of B-A

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Carrington, Mary, Sophia Wang, Maureen P. Martin, et al. "Hierarchy of resistance to cervical neoplasia mediated by combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen loci." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 7 (2005): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20042158.

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Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) recognition of specific human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allotypes contributes to the array of receptor–ligand interactions that determine natural killer (NK) cell response to its target. Contrasting genetic effects of KIR/HLA combinations have been observed in infectious and autoimmune diseases, where genotypes associated with NK cell activation seem to be protective or to confer susceptibility, respectively. We show here that combinations of KIR and HLA loci also affect the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. Specific inhib

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Kogure, Toshiaki, Takeshi Tatsumi, Atsushi Niizawa, et al. "No Correlation Exists between Disease Activity and the Expression of Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Mediators of Inflammation 2007 (2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/65179.

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Objective. The genes for killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) have been cloned and their functions and expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been partially clarified. However, the correlation between their expression and disease activity has not been analyzed in patients with RA. Thus, we measured KIR expression on lymphocytes in patients with RA, and assessed the correlation between KIR expression and disease activity.Patients and Methods. In the cross-sectional study, 15 patients (9 females and 6 males) who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RA were assess

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Chiorean, Elena G., Scott J. Dylla, Krista Olsen, Todd Lenvik, Yvette Soignier, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "BCR/ABL alters the function of NK cells and the acquisition of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs)." Blood 101, no. 9 (2003): 3527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-04-1172.

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Natural killer (NK) cells decrease in function during chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) progression from chronic phase to blast crisis, and they can becomeBCR/ABL+ late in the disease course. To study this altered function, NK92 cells were transduced with the BCR/ABL oncogene. In contrast to the parental cells, which died when deprived of interleukin 2 (IL-2), p210+ NK92 cells proliferated and survived indefinitely in the absence of IL-2. BCR/ABL also decreased the natural cytotoxicity of NK92 cells against K562 targets, without affecting IL-2, interferon γ (IFN-γ), or tumor necrosis factor α

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Parham, Peter. "Evolution and Immunogenetics of Natural Killer Cell Receptors in Health and Disease." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): SCI—25—SCI—25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.sci-25.sci-25.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are phenotypically diverse lymphocytes that contribute to innate immunity, adaptive immunity and placental reproduction. Unlike B and T cells, NK cells do not use rearranging genes to make diverse antigen receptors that are clonally expressed. Instead, NK cells express diverse combinations of a variety of receptors that are encoded by conventional non-rearranging genes. Several of these receptors are specific for conserved and variable determinants of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In humans, the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like rece

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Henel, Gabriella, Karnail Singh, Dapeng Cui, et al. "Uncoupling of T-cell effector functions by inhibitory killer immunoglobulin–like receptors." Blood 107, no. 11 (2006): 4449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-06-2519.

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AbstractKiller immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) are a family of regulatory cell-surface molecules expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and memory T-cell subsets. Their ability to prevent the formation of an activation platform and to inhibit NK cell activation is the basis of the missing self model of NK cell function. The benefits of KIR expression for T-cell biology are unclear. We studied how KIR2DL2 regulates T-cell function. Engagement of KIR2DL2 by the ligand human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–Cw3 did not affect conjugate formation between CD4+KIR2DL2+ T cells and superantigen-pulsed ta

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Kobayashi, Michihiro, Hidefumi Hiramatsu, So-ichi Adachi, and Tatsutoshi Nakahata. "Reconstitution of NK Cell Receptor Repertoire after Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 5186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5186.5186.

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Abstract Interaction between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA class I ligands influence development of natural killer cell repertoire and response to allogeneic tissue. Recently several reports suggests donor/recipient KIR-ligand imcompatibility have great influence for outcome of allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell transplantation (SCT). We examined recovery of the NK cell receptor after pediatric SCT to elucidate emergence of NKR repertoire and frequency after SCT is depend on whether donor or recipient type and effect of HLA disparity. [Patients and method] Nine patients r

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Zhao, Xiang-Yu, Xing-Xing Yu, Zheng-Li Xu, et al. "Donor and host coexpressing KIR ligands promote NK education after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Blood Advances 3, no. 24 (2019): 4312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000242.

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Abstract The rate and extent of natural killer (NK)–cell education after hematopoietic cell transplantation correlates with leukemia control. To study the effect of donor and host HLA on NK-cell reconstitution, single killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)+ NK cells (exhibiting KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3, or KIR3DL1 as their sole receptor) were grouped into 4 groups based on the interaction between donor/host HLA and donor inhibitory KIR in 2 cohorts (n = 114 and n = 276, respectively). On days 90 to 180 after transplantation, the absolute number and responsiveness against K562 cells (CD

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Andersson, Sandra, Cyril Fauriat, Jenny-Ann Malmberg, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, and Karl-Johan Malmberg. "KIR acquisition probabilities are independent of self-HLA class I ligands and increase with cellular KIR expression." Blood 114, no. 1 (2009): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-10-184549.

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Abstract Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) preserve tolerance to self and shape the functional response of human natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we have evaluated the influence of selection processes in the formation of inhibitory KIR repertoires in a cohort of 44 donors homozygous for the group A KIR haplotype. Coexpression of multiple KIRs was more frequent than expected by the product rule that describes random association of independent events. In line with this observation, the probability of KIR acquisition increased with the cellular expression of KIRs. Three

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Kim, Heeje, Tae-Hyang Lee, So-Hye Park, et al. "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Ligands Predict Outcomes of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for AML." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 3571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3571.3571.

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Abstract Abstract 3571 The idea of natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) was developed from reports of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, little definite information exists about the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and its ligand activity in autologous SCT. Since whether autologous NK cells are involved in the eradication of leukemia cells is still unclear, we focused on whether autologous NK or CD8+ T cells are stimulated after myeloablative conditioning, according to the ligand match. In light of a previo

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Giebel, Sebastian, Aleksandra Holowecka-Goral, Izabela Nowak, et al. "Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor and NOD2/CARD15 Polymorphisms Independently Influence Survival after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplanation." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2167.2167.

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Abstract Background: Activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate function of NK cells and a subset of T cells. KIR genotype, in particular the content of activating KIR genes is highly polymorphic. NOD2/CARD15 protein is broadly expressed in APCs and lymphocytes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene have been reported to impair the pathogen elimination and trigger pathologic immunologic reactions like GvHD. The goal of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of donor’s and recipient’s KIR and NOD2/CARD15 genotypes on outcome after all

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Pende, Daniela, Stefania Marcenaro, Michela Falco, et al. "Anti-leukemia activity of alloreactive NK cells in KIR ligand-mismatched haploidentical HSCT for pediatric patients: evaluation of the functional role of activating KIR and redefinition of inhibitory KIR specificity." Blood 113, no. 13 (2009): 3119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-06-164103.

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Abstract We analyzed 21 children with leukemia receiving haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) from killer immunoglobulin (Ig)–like receptors (KIR) ligand-mismatched donors. We showed that, in most transplantation patients, variable proportions of donor-derived alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells displaying anti-leukemia activity were generated and maintained even late after transplantation. This was assessed through analysis of donor KIR genotype, as well as through phenotypic and functional analyses of NK cells, both at the polyclonal and clonal level. Donor-

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Savoy, Sarah K. A., and Jeanette E. Boudreau. "The Evolutionary Arms Race between Virus and NK Cells: Diversity Enables Population-Level Virus Control." Viruses 11, no. 10 (2019): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100959.

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Viruses and natural killer (NK) cells have a long co-evolutionary history, evidenced by patterns of specific NK gene frequencies in those susceptible or resistant to infections. The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands together form the most polymorphic receptor-ligand partnership in the human genome and govern the process of NK cell education. The KIR and HLA genes segregate independently, thus creating an array of reactive potentials within and between the NK cell repertoires of individuals. In this review, we discuss the interplay betwee

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Demanet, Christian J., Sonja J. Verheyden, and Rik J. Schots. "A Defined Donor Activating Natural Killer Cell Receptor Phenotype Protects Against Leukemic Relapse after HLA-Identical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3338.3338.

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Abstract Objective: Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on Natural Killer (NK) cells recognize groups of HLA class I alleles. Failure to recognize the appropriate KIR ligand on a HLA class I-mismatched cell triggers NK cytotoxicity. Because KIR and HLA genes are located on different chromosomes matching for HLA does mostly not result in matched KIR genes in related HLA-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Moreover, KIR genotypes are very diverse in the population and therefore we explored whether this KIR diversity could have any Graft-versus-Leukemia (GvL) effect

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Shilling, Heather G., Karina L. McQueen, Nathalie W. Cheng, Judith A. Shizuru, Robert S. Negrin, and Peter Parham. "Reconstitution of NK cell receptor repertoire followingHLA-matched hematopoietic cell transplantation." Blood 101, no. 9 (2003): 3730–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-08-2568.

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Interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands influence development of natural killer (NK) cell repertoire and response to infection, cancer, and allogeneic tissue. As KIRs and HLA class I molecules are highly polymorphic, clinical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is predicted to frequently involve KIRmismatch, and thus to provide a unique system for study of human NK cell receptor repertoire development. Eighteen leukemia patients undergoing HLA-matched transplantation and their donors were analyzed for KIR geno

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