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Journal articles on the topic 'Killer cell immunoglobulin live receptors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Maslikova, U. V., E. G. Khamaganova, M. Yu Drokov, et al. "Probability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant failure depending on the recipient's killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype." Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 15, no. 1 (2023): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2023-15-1-23-33.

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Introduction. Natural killers are the "first line" of antitumor and antiviral protection in the early stages after аllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Quantitative characteristics reach normal values already in the first month after the infusion of blood stem cells to the recipient. Self-tolerance of natural killers is achieved due to many receptors on their surface, but killer immunoglobulin-like receptors play a key role. Their role is to recognize "self" cells and block signals aimed at destroying their own cells. Knowledge of the functional activity of natural killers urged

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2

Parham, P. "Immunogenetics of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Tissue Antigens 62, no. 3 (2003): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00126.x.

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3

Parham, Peter. "Immunogenetics of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Molecular Immunology 42, no. 4 (2005): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2004.07.027.

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4

Fauriat, Cyril, Martin A. Ivarsson, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Karl-Johan Malmberg, and Jakob Michaëlsson. "Education of human natural killer cells by activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Blood 115, no. 6 (2010): 1166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-09-245746.

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Abstract Expression of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) specific for self–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules provides an educational signal that generates functional natural killer (NK) cells. However, the effects of activating KIRs specific for self-MHC class I on NK-cell education remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the activating receptor KIR2DS1 tunes down the responsiveness of freshly isolated human NK cells to target cell stimulation in donors homozygous for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–C2, the ligand of KIR2DS1. The tuning was

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5

Bimber, Benjamin N., and David T. Evans. "The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors of macaques." Immunological Reviews 267, no. 1 (2015): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.12329.

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6

Rajalingam, Raja. "Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Disease." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 38, no. 4 (2018): 637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2018.08.001.

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7

Momot, T., S. Koch, N. Hunzelmann, et al. "Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with scleroderma." Arthritis & Rheumatism 50, no. 5 (2004): 1561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20216.

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8

Long, Eric O., Domingo F. Barber, Deborah N. Burshtyn, et al. "Inhibition of natural killer cell activation signals by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (CD158)." Immunological Reviews 181, no. 1 (2001): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1810119.x.

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9

Moretta, Lorenzo, Franco Locatelli, Daniela Pende, Emanuela Marcenaro, Maria Cristina Mingari, and Alessandro Moretta. "Killer Ig–like receptor-mediated control of natural killer cell alloreactivity in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Blood 117, no. 3 (2011): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-08-264085.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are key members of the innate immune system. In a self-environment, they sense and kill target cells lacking major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and release various cytokines on activation. The discovery of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I specific inhibitory receptors (including the allotype-specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptors), and of various activating receptors and their ligands, provided the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of NK-cell activation and function, mainly resulting from the balance between activatin

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10

Rajalingam, Raja. "Human diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and disease." Korean Journal of Hematology 46, no. 4 (2011): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2011.46.4.216.

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11

Sala Elpidio, Laise Nayana, Josiane Bazzo de Alencar, Patrícia Yumeko Tsuneto, et al. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 130 (November 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2018.08.003.

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12

Velardi, Andrea, Loredana Ruggeri, and Antonella Mancusi. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors reactivity and outcome of stem cell transplant." Current Opinion in Hematology 19, no. 4 (2012): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/moh.0b013e32835423c3.

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13

Grzywacz, Bartosz, Nandini Kataria, Niketa Kataria, Bruce R. Blazar, Jeffrey S. Miller, and Michael R. Verneris. "Natural killer–cell differentiation by myeloid progenitors." Blood 117, no. 13 (2011): 3548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-04-281394.

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Abstract Because lymphoid progenitors can give rise to natural killer (NK) cells, NK ontogeny has been considered to be exclusively lymphoid. Here, we show that rare human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors develop into NK cells in vitro in the presence of cytokines (interleukin-7, interleukin-15, stem cell factor, and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand). Adding hydrocortisone and stromal cells greatly increases the frequency of progenitor cells that give rise to NK cells through the recruitment of myeloid precursors, including common myeloid progenitors and granulocytic-monocytic precursors to th

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14

Miyazaki, Kana, Motoko Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Imai та ін. "Gene expression profiling of peripheral T-cell lymphoma including γδ T-cell lymphoma". Blood 113, № 5 (2009): 1071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-07-166363.

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Abstract The gene expression profile of peripheral γδ T-cell lymphoma (γδTCL) has not been investigated. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we analyzed total RNA from 7 patients with γδTCL (4 hepatosplenic, 1 cutaneous, 1 intestinal, and 1 thyroidal) and 27 patients with αβTCL (11 peripheral TCL-unspecified, 15 angioimmunoblastic TCL, and 1 hepatosplenic). Unsupervised microarray analyses classified all hepatosplenic γδTCLs into a single cluster, whereas other γδTCLs were scattered within the αβTCL distribution. We identified a T-cell receptor signature gene set, which accurately classified γδ

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15

Contreras, G., C. Aláez, A. Murguía, D. García, H. Flores, and C. Gorodezky. "Distribution of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in Mexican Mestizos." Tissue Antigens 69 (April 2007): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.76212.x.

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16

Alvarado-Hernández, D. L., A. Benítez-Sánchez, J. S. Rodríguez-Cuevas, et al. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and cytomegalovirus reactivation during late pregnancy." International Journal of Immunogenetics 43, no. 4 (2016): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iji.12271.

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17

Blunt, Matthew D., and Salim I. Khakoo. "Activating killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors: Detection, function and therapeutic use." International Journal of Immunogenetics 47, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iji.12461.

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18

Lowe, D. P., M. A. Cook, S. J. Bowman, and D. C. Briggs. "Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with primary Sjogren's syndrome." Rheumatology 48, no. 4 (2009): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ken503.

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19

Colucci, Francesco, and James Traherne. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors on the cusp of modern immunogenetics." Immunology 152, no. 4 (2017): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.12802.

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20

Olaniyan, Subulade A., Olukemi K. Amodu, Louis-Marie Yindom, et al. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and falciparum malaria in southwest Nigeria." Human Immunology 75, no. 8 (2014): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.002.

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21

Niokou, Dimitra, Maria Spyropoulou-Vlachou, Areti Darlamitsou, and Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas. "Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in the Greek population." Human Immunology 64, no. 12 (2003): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2003.08.100.

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22

Hidajat, Melanny, Dominik Selleslag, Achiel Van Hoof, Jan Van Droogenbroeck, Johan Billiet, and Arnold Criel. "Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) Genotypes in a Belgian Population." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3852.3852.

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Abstract KIRs (Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors) are expressed on NK (Natural Killer) cells and a subpopulation of T lymphocytes namely memory CD8+ T cells. The distribution of KIR genes varies among individuals and populations. These genes are encoded on chromosome 19 (19q13.4). Till now 17 KIR genes and pseudogenes have been identified. KIRs recognise groups of HLA class I alleles. NK activity is partially controlled through the interaction between KIRs and their HLA ligands. Several studies report that KIRs may affect the outcome of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantations. We perf

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23

McVicar, D. W., and D. N. Burshtyn. "Intracellular Signaling by the Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Ly49." Science Signaling 2001, no. 75 (2001): re1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/stke.2001.75.re1.

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24

Gardiner, Clair M. "Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors on NK cells: the how, where and why." International Journal of Immunogenetics 35, no. 1 (2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00739.x.

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25

Chrul, Slawomir, Ewa Polakowska, Agnieszka Szadkowska, and Jerzy Bodalski. "Influence of Interleukin IL-2 and IL-12 + IL-18 on Surface Expression of Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, and KIR3DL2 in Natural Killer Cells." Mediators of Inflammation 2006 (2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/2006/46957.

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Natural killer (NK) cells express killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) that recognize polymorphic class I MHC molecules. In the present study, we analyze the modulatory effect of IL-2 alone or a combination of IL-12 with IL-18 on surface expression of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, and KIR3DL2 in NK cells. Thus, it was found that IL-2 causes a significant increase in the proportion of cells with given studied receptors. Stimulation by a mixture of IL-12 and IL-18 caused significant increase in the fraction of cells with the KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL2, however no signif

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26

Mulrooney, Tiernan J., Phillip E. Posch, and Carolyn Katovich Hurley. "DAP12 impacts trafficking and surface stability of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors on natural killer cells." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 94, no. 2 (2013): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0213093.

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27

Henel, Gabriella, Karnail Singh, Dapeng Cui, et al. "Uncoupling of T-cell effector functions by inhibitory killer immunoglobulin–like receptors." Blood 107, no. 11 (2006): 4449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-06-2519.

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AbstractKiller immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) are a family of regulatory cell-surface molecules expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and memory T-cell subsets. Their ability to prevent the formation of an activation platform and to inhibit NK cell activation is the basis of the missing self model of NK cell function. The benefits of KIR expression for T-cell biology are unclear. We studied how KIR2DL2 regulates T-cell function. Engagement of KIR2DL2 by the ligand human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–Cw3 did not affect conjugate formation between CD4+KIR2DL2+ T cells and superantigen-pulsed ta

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28

Vojvodic, Svetlana, and Stevan Popovic. "Natural killer cells: Biology, functions and clinical relevance." Medical review 63, no. 1-2 (2010): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1002091v.

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Introduction. Natural Killer cells (NK cells) represent the subset of peripheral lymphocytes that play critical role in the innate immune response to virus-infected and tumor transformed cells. Lysis of NK sensitive target cells could be mediated independently of antigen stimulation and without requirement of peptide presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. NK cell activity and functions are controlled by a considerable number of cell surface receptors, which exist in both inhibitory and activating isoforms. There are several groups of NK cell surface receptors: 1)

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29

Rajagopalan, Sumati, and Eric O. Long. "Understanding how combinations of HLA and KIR genes influence disease." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 7 (2005): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050499.

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Combinations of HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor (KIR) genes have been associated with diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, reproductive failure, and now cancer. Much as early observations of disease associations with HLA polymorphism preceded a detailed knowledge of HLA recognition by T cell receptors, the recently reported disease associations with HLA–KIR gene combinations beg for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

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30

Luc-Aimé, Kagoué Simeni, Yindom Louis-Marie, Loni Ekali Gabriel, Clauvis Kunkeng Yengo, F. Esemu Livo, and Nguedia Jules Clement Assob. "Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIR) in HIV-Exposed Infants in Cameroon." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9053280.

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The biological reason(s) behind persistent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (albeit at reduced rate compared to the preantiretroviral therapy era) in spite of the successful implementation of advanced control measures in many African countries remains a priority concern to many HIV/AIDS control programs. This may be partly due to differences in host immunogenetic factors in highly polymorphic regions of the human genome such as those encoding the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) molecules which modulate the activities of natural killer cells. The primary aim of this stu

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31

Mahfouz, R., R. Rayes, Z. Mahfoud, A. Bazarbachi, and G. Zaatari. "Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors genotypes in the Lebanese population." Tissue Antigens 68, no. 1 (2006): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00605.x.

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32

Martinez-Borra, J., and S. I. Khakoo. "Speed and selection in the evolution of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." International Journal of Immunogenetics 35, no. 2 (2008): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00756.x.

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33

Franceschi, Danilo Santana Alessio, Cármino Antonio de Souza, Francisco José Penteado Aranha, Daniela Maira Cardozo, Ana Maria Sell, and Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer. "Importance of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia 33, no. 2 (2011): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5581/1516-8484.20110033.

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34

Díaz-Peña, R., M. J. de los Santos, Alejandro Lucia, and P. Castro-Santos. "Understanding the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in pregnancy complications." Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 36, no. 5 (2019): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-019-01426-9.

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35

Hassan, Norfarazieda, Le Jie Lee, Jun Hao Tan, et al. "Expression of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) in Sex-associated Malignancies." JULY ISSUE 18, no. 4 (2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836//mjmhs18.4.14.

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Introduction: Sex shapes immune response with possible consequence on tumor immune escape. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) predominates in males while ovarian cancer (OC) occurs in females. NK cells essential for tumor killing may have male preponderance. Association of sex, NK cell activity and malignancies is unclear. We hypothesize that sex differentially affects KIR expressions in sex-biased cancers. Method: Expression of inhibitory (KIR2DL1-5 and KIR3DL1-3) and activating (KIR2DS1-2 and 4-5 and KIR3DS1) genes in B-, T-cell ALL, OC and normal controls were determined by reverse-transcri

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36

Wright, Laura, Fionnuala Williams, Derek Middleton, and Deborah Sage. "The role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in recurrent spontaneous abortion." Human Immunology 65, no. 9-10 (2004): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.131.

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37

Hou, LiHua, Noriko K. Steiner, Minghua Chen, et al. "Limited allelic diversity of stimulatory two-domain killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Human Immunology 69, no. 3 (2008): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2008.01.009.

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38

Gumá, Mónica, Ana Angulo, Carlos Vilches, Natalia Gómez-Lozano, Núria Malats, and Miguel López-Botet. "Imprint of human cytomegalovirus infection on the NK cell receptor repertoire." Blood 104, no. 12 (2004): 3664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-05-2058.

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Expression of the activating CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor (KLR) specific for HLA-E was analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy adult blood donors; the expression of other natural killer (NK) cell receptors (ie, CD94/NKG2A, KIR, CD85j, CD161, NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D) was also studied. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection as well as the HLA-E and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes were considered as potentially relevant variables associated with CD94/NKG2C expression. The proportion of NKG2C+ lymphocytes varied within a wide range (&lt;0.1% t

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39

Cremer, Anja, Ute Heider, Stefan Tomiuk, et al. "Integrated Genotyping and mRNA Expression Profiling of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 3909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3909.3909.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells belong to a subgroup of lymphocytes (CD3-CD56+) which play an important role in the cellular immune response against virus-infected cells and tumors. The activity of NK cells is regulated by a balance of triggering and inhibitory receptors, including Killer Ig-like Receptor (KIR) molecules which interact with specific HLA class I molecules, predominantly HLA-C, on target cells. The 17 known KIR genes are divided into two classes: activating KIRs and inhibitory KIRs. There is strong evidence that inhibitory KIR mismatch between donor and recipient improves the

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40

Han, Mei, Margarita Fallena, Yuhong Guo, and Peter Stastny. "Natural killer cell crossmatch: Functional analysis of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their HLA ligands." Human Immunology 68, no. 6 (2007): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2007.02.001.

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41

Colonna, Marco, Francisco Navarro, Teresa Bellón, et al. "A Common Inhibitory Receptor for Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules on Human Lymphoid and Myelomonocytic Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 186, no. 11 (1997): 1809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.186.11.1809.

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Natural killer (NK) cell–mediated lysis is negatively regulated by killer cell inhibitory receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In this study, we characterize a novel inhibitory MHC class I receptor of the immunoglobulin-superfamily, expressed not only by subsets of NK and T cells, but also by B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. This receptor, called Ig-like transcript (ILT)2, binds MHC class I molecules and delivers a negative signal that inhibits killing by NK and T cells, as well as Ca2+ mobilization in B cells and myelomonocytic

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42

Rettman, Pauline, Matthew D. Blunt, Rebecca J. Fulton, et al. "Peptide: MHC-based DNA vaccination strategy to activate natural killer cells by targeting killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 5 (2021): e001912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001912.

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BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cells are increasingly being recognized as agents for cancer immunotherapy. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed by NK cells and are immunogenetic determinants of the outcome of cancer. In particular, KIR2DS2 is associated with protective responses to several cancers and also direct recognition of cancer targets in vitro. Due to the high homology between activating and inhibitory KIR genes to date, it has been challenging to target individual KIR for therapeutic benefit.MethodsA novel KIR2DS2-targeting therapeutic peptide:MHC DNA vacc

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43

Vey, Norbert, and Daniel Olive. "Anti-natural Killer Inhibitory Receptors in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia." European Oncology & Haematology 06, no. 01 (2010): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eoh.2010.06.1.86.

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Treatment with anti-killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) is a new approach aimed at harnessing the antileukaemic potential of natural killer (NK) cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). NK cell antitumour activity is regulated by a balance between activating and inhibitory receptors (KIR). 1-7F9/IPH2101 is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) mAb that binds to inhibitory KIR and blocks binding with its ligand (human leukocyte antigen C [HLA-C] molecule) on leukaemic cells.In vitro,and in a surrogatein vivomodel in mice, treatment with 1-7

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44

Allan, David S. J., Marco Colonna, Lewis L. Lanier, et al. "Tetrameric Complexes of Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G Bind to Peripheral Blood Myelomonocytic Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 189, no. 7 (1999): 1149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.7.1149.

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The nonclassical MHC class I molecule human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is selectively expressed on fetal trophoblast tissue at the maternal–fetal interface in pregnancy. It has long been suggested that HLA-G may inhibit maternal natural killer (NK) cells through interaction with particular NK cell receptors (KIRs). To investigate interactions of HLA-G, we constructed phycoerythrin-labeled tetrameric complexes of HLA-G refolded with a self-peptide. These HLA-G tetramers failed to bind to NK cells and cells transfected with CD94/NKG2 and killer immunoglobulin-like NK receptors.

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45

Foley, Bree, Sarah Cooley, Michael R. Verneris, et al. "Cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic transplantation promotes a lasting increase in educated NKG2C+ natural killer cells with potent function." Blood 119, no. 11 (2012): 2665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-10-386995.

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AbstractDuring mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a population of Ly49H+ natural killer (NK) cells expands and is responsible for disease clearance through the induction of a “memory NK-cell response.” Whether similar events occur in human CMV infection is unknown. In the present study, we characterized the kinetics of the NK-cell response to CMV reactivation in human recipients after hematopoietic cell transplantation. During acute infection, NKG2C+ NK cells expanded and were potent producers of IFNγ. NKG2C+ NK cells predominately expressed killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor, and se

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46

Mulrooney, Tiernan, and Carolyn Hurley. "DAP12 impacts trafficking and surface stability of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors on natural killer cells (P1323)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 63.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.63.16.

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Abstract Killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) aid in the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell activity. In this study, the effect of the interaction between the two domain stimulatory KIR (KIR2DS) and their adapter, DAP12, was investigated beyond the previously defined signaling function. Flow cytometry analysis showed enhanced KIR2DS surface expression on NKL cells when co-transfected with DAP12. Conversely, KIR2DS4 surface expression on primary cells was decreased when the cells were treated with DAP12 specific siRNA. Treatment of the KIR2DS and DAP12 transfected cells with either cycloheximide

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47

Schellekens, Jennifer, Anna Stserbakova, Madis Tõns, Hele Everaus, Marcel GJ Tilanus, and Alar Aints. "HLA Influence on NK Cell Expansion." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 4924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4924.4924.

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Abstract Natural Killer (NK) cells are effector cells in the innate immune system. The anti-leukaemic capacities of NK cells in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation make these cells a potential treatment modality to improve clinical outcome. Immunotherapy with NK cells requires transfusion of large quantities, which obviates the need for an in vitro culture system for NK cells. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on NK cells recognise defined groups of HLA class I alleles. To elucidate the influence of these interactions on proliferation, the peripheral blood mononuclear ce

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48

Abi-Rached, Laurent, and Peter Parham. "Natural selection drives recurrent formation of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49 from inhibitory homologues." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 8 (2005): 1319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20042558.

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Expression of killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) diversifies human natural killer cell populations and T cell subpopulations. Whereas the major histocompatibility complex class I binding functions of inhibitory KIR are known, specificities for the activating receptors have resisted analysis. To understand better activating KIR and their relationship to inhibitory KIR, we took the approach of reconstructing their natural history and that of Ly49, the analogous system in rodents. A general principle is that inhibitory receptors are ancestral, the activating receptors having evolved from them b

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Lu, C., Y. J. Shen, Y. F. Deng, et al. "Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese Han." Genetics and Molecular Research 11, no. 2 (2012): 1370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2012.may.15.7.

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Sosnina, K., D. Zastavna, O. Terpyliak, L. Bober, and H. Makukh. "P004 Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) genes repertoire among cystic fibrosis patients." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 18 (June 2019): S57—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30299-1.

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