Relevant bibliographies by topics / Kimberlite – South Africa – Kroonstad

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Academic literature on the topic 'Kimberlite – South Africa – Kroonstad'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Kimberlite – South Africa – Kroonstad"

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Howarth, Geoffrey H., E. Michael, W. Skinner, and Stephen A. Prevec. "Petrology of the hypabyssal kimberlite of the Kroonstad group II kimberlite (orangeite) cluster, South Africa: Evolution of the magma within the cluster." Lithos 125, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 795–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2011.05.001.

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Howarth, Geoffrey H., and E. Michael W. Skinner. "The geology and emplacement of the volcaniclastic infill at the Voorspoed Group II kimberlite (orangeite) pipe, Kroonstad Cluster, South Africa." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 231-232 (June 2012): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.005.

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da Costa, Alberto J. M. "Palmietfontein kimberlite pipe, South Africa—A case history." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 6 (June 1989): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442697.

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The Palmietfontein kimberlite pipe is located 150 km northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa. It was emplaced at the contact between mafic rocks of the Bushveld complex and syenites of the Pilanesberg complex, and coincides with the intersection of two major faults. Palmietfontein is one of the larger known kimberlite pipes in South Africa; it has a surface area of 12 ha and is diamondiferous. The present geophysical study was designed to assist in planning an extensive program of trenching and drilling. Unweathered kimberlite has geophysical responses very similar to the country rock at Palmietfontein. Weathering and alteration of the upper 50 m of the pipe, however, have resulted in various physical changes, which has made the target amenable to investigation by various geophysical techniques. The surveys used in this study are gravity, electrical, seismic refraction, and airborne and ground magnetics and electromagnetics (EM). The boundary of the pipe was accurately defined, and the dip of the wallrock contact was determined by using various models and combinations of techniques. A small satellite body of kimberlite was also discovered during the course of this investigation. The most suitable techniques for kimberlite prospecting, particularly when the top portion of the kimberlite is weathered, are airborne EM and magnetics, combined with the Slingram ground-EM system. For more quantitative results, gravity and seismic surveys should be used.
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WHITE, J. L., R. S. J. SPARKS, K. BAILEY, W. P. BARNETT, M. FIELD, and L. WINDSOR. "KIMBERLITE SILLS AND DYKES ASSOCIATED WITH THE WESSELTON KIMBERLITE PIPE, KIMBERLEY, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Journal of Geology 115, no. 1 (February 23, 2012): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.115.1.1.

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Schulze, Daniel J., John W. Valley, and Michael J. Spicuzza. "Coesite eclogites from the Roberts Victor kimberlite, South Africa." Lithos 54, no. 1-2 (October 2000): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(00)00031-1.

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Maier, W. D. "Platinum-group elements in peridotite xenoliths and kimberlite from the Premier kimberlite pipe, South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 108, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/108.3.413.

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HARRIS, M. "Geochemistry of the Uintjiesberg kimberlite, South Africa: petrogenesis of an off-craton, group I, kimberlite." Lithos 74, no. 3-4 (June 2004): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.02.001.

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Viljoen, A., P. S. van Wyk, D. C. Nowell, and T. J. Gulya. "Occurrence of Downy Mildew on Sunflower in South Africa." Plant Disease 81, no. 1 (January 1997): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.1.111c.

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Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & De Toni in Sacc., is an economically important disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Europe and the United States (1). The disease was first noticed in South Africa in a commercial field near Standerton and in a seed production field near Kroonstad during the 1993 to 1994 planting season. During the 1995 to 1996 season, downy mildew was found in experimental hybrids near Heilbron, and in commercial fields near Heil-bron, Marikana, and Potchefstroom. At Heilbron, five hybrids were infected with P. halstedii, whereas three others showed symptoms of downy mildew at Potchefstroom and Marikana. All commercially cultivated hybrids have been developed in South Africa. Disease incidence in all the fields was low, with less than 1% of plants affected by the disease. Diseased plants were dwarfed and displayed veinal chlorosis of leaves typically associated with downy mildew of sunflower. White fungal growth commonly occurred on lower leaf surfaces. Sunflower seedlings inoculated with P. halstedii produced symptoms characteristic of downy mildew. The occurrence of the disease in many geographic areas and on various hybrids in South Africa suggests that the fungus is well established. Recent outbreaks can be attributed to the cool, wet, climatic conditions of the 1993 to 1994 and 1995 to 1996 seasons. The susceptibility of local hybrids suggests that downy mildew is a potentially dangerous disease of sunflower in South Africa. Reference: (1) J. F. Miller and T. J. Gulya. Crop Sci. 27:210, 1987.
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Ogilvie-Harris, R. C., M. Field, R. S. J. Sparks, and M. J. Walter. "Perovskite from the Dutoitspan kimberlite, Kimberley, South Africa: implications for magmatic processes." Mineralogical Magazine 73, no. 6 (December 2009): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2009.073.6.915.

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AbstractPerovskite compositions are used to investigate the relationship between the minor components (i.e. LREE, Fe3+ and Nb) and the oxygen fugacity (fo2) of perovskite in four different kimberlite lithofacies from the Dutoitspan pipe, Kimberley, South Africa, which range from diamondiferous to barren. The perovskite textures and chemical variations provide insight into magmatic and eruptive processes. Some crystals display cores with rims separated by a sharp boundary. The cores contain larger Na and LREE contents relative to the rims, which show a large increase in Fe3+ and Al. The mid-grade and barren kimberlites have bi-modal cores, reflected in the mineral chemistry, signifying multiple batches of magma and magma mixing. The fo2 of the magma is determined by an Fe-Nb oxygen barometer. The most diamondiferous kimberlite has the greatest Fe3+ content and highest fo2 (NNO –3.6 to –1.1). The kimberlite containing large diamonds has the smallest Fe3+ content and lowest fo2 (NNO –5.2 to –3.0). The barren and mid-grade kimberlites display a wide range of fo2,(NNO –5.3 to –1.5) as a result of perovskites forming in different melts and subsequently mixing together. Chemical and petrological evidence suggests that the volatile content, degassing, decompression and rate of crystallization can influence the rate at which the magma is erupted. One possibility is that the most oxidized magma, containing the highest volatile content, is therefore erupted much more rapidly, preserving diamond as a consequence.
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Basson, I. J. "Structural overview of selected Group II kimberlite dyke arrays in South Africa: implications for kimberlite emplacement mechanisms." South African Journal of Geology 106, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/106.4.375.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kimberlite – South Africa – Kroonstad"

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Howarth, Geoffrey H. "Geology of the Kroonstad kimberlite cluster, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005573.

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The Cretaceous (133Ma) Kroonstad Group II Kimberlite Cluster is located approximately 200km south west of Johannesburg on the Kaapvaal Craton. The cluster is made up of six kimberlite pipes and numerous other intrusive dike/sill bodies. Three of the pipes are analysed in this study, which includes the: Voorspoed, Lace (Crown) and Besterskraal North pipes. These pipes were emplaced at surface into the Karoo Supergroup, which is comprised of older sedimentary rocks (300-185Ma) overlain by flood basalts (185Ma). At depth the pipes have intruded the Transvaal (2100-2600Ma) and Ventersdorp (2700Ma) Supergroups, which are comprised dominantly of carbonates and various volcanic units respectively. The pipes have typical morphology of South African pipes with circular to sub-circular plan views and steep 82o pipe margins. The Voorspoed pipe is 12ha in size and is characterised by the presence of a large block of Karoo basalt approximately 6ha in size at the current land surface. This large basalt block extends to a maximum of 300m below the current land surface. The main Lace pipe is 2ha is size with a smaller (<0.5ha) satellite pipe approximately 50m to the west. No information is available on the morphology of the Besterskraal North pipe as it is sub-economic and no mining has occurred. Samples from the Besterskraal North pipe were collected from the De Beers archives. The Kroonstad Cluster has been subjected to approximately 1750m of erosion post-emplacement, which has been calculated by the analysis of the crustal xenoliths with the pipe infill. The hypabyssal kimberlite from the three pipes shows a gradational evolution in magma compositions, indicated by the mineralogy and geochemistry. The Lace pipe is the least evolved and has characteristics more similar to Group I kimberlites. The Voorspoed and Besterskraal North kimberlite are intermediately and highly evolved respectively. The gradational evolution is marked by an increase in SiO2 and Na2O contents. Furthermore the occurrence of abundant primary diopside, aegirine, sanidine, K-richterite and leucite indicates evolution of the magma. The root zones of the pipes are characterised by globular segregationary transitional kimberlite, which is interpreted to be hypabyssal and not the result of pyroclastic welding/agglutination. The hypabyssal transitional kimberlite (HKt) is characterised by incipient globular segregationary textures only and the typical tuffisitic transitional kimberlite (TKt) end member (Hetman et al. 2004) is not observed. The HKt contact with the overlying volcaniclastic kimberlite (VK) infill is sharp and not gradational. The presence of HKt in the satellite blind pipe at Lace further indicates that the distinct kimberlite rock type must be forming sub-volcanically. The HKt is distinctly different at the Voorspoed and Lace pipes, which is likely a result of differing compositions of the late stage magmatic liquid. Microlitic clinopyroxene is only observed at the Lace HKt and is interpreted to form as a result of both crustal xenolith contamination and CO2 degassing. Furthermore the HKt is intimately associated with contact breccias in the sidewall. The root zones of the Kroonstad pipes are interpreted to form through the development of a sub-volcanic embryonic pipe. The volcaniclastic kimberlite (VK) infill of the Kroonstad pipes is not typical of South African tuffisitic Class 1 kimberlite pipes. The VK at Voorspoed is characterised by numerous horizontally layered massive volcaniclastic kimberlite (MVK) units, which are interpreted to have formed in a deep open vent through primary pyroclastic deposition. MVK is the dominant rock type infilling the Voorspoed pipe, however numerous other minor units occur. Normally graded units are interpreted to form through gravitational collapse of the tuff ring. MVK units rich in Karoo basalt and/or Karoo sandstone are interpreted to form through gravitational sidewall failure deep within an open vent. Magmaclasts are interpreted to form in the HKt during the development of an embryonic pipe and therefore the term autolith or nucleated autolith may be applied. Debate on the validity of the term nucleated autolith is beyond this study and therefore the term nucleated magmaclast is used to refer to spherical magmaclasts in the VK. The emplacement of the Kroonstad pipes is particularly complex and is not similar to typical Class 1 tuffisitic kimberlites. However the initial stage of pipe emplacement is similar to typical South African kimberlites and is interpreted to be through the development of an embryonic pipe as described by Clement (1982). The vent clearing eruption is interpreted to be from the bottom up through the exsolution of juvenile volatiles and the pipe shape is controlled by the depth of the eruption (+/-2km) (Skinner, 2008). The initial embryonic pipe development and explosive eruption is similar to other South African kimberlites, however the vent is cleared and left open, which is typical of Class 2 Prairies type and Class 3 Lac de Gras type pipes. The latter vent infilling processes are similar to Class 3 kimberlites from Lac de Gras and are dominated at the current level by primary pyroclastic deposition.
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de, Bruin Deon. "The megacryst suite from the Schuller kimberlite, South Africa." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23089.

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Ramokgaba, Lesego. "Geochemistry and petrogenesis of kimberlite intrusions from the eastern lobe the Du Toitspan kimberlite pipe, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32534.

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The Du Toitspan kimberlite pipe located on the outskirts of Kimberley South Africa, is one four Cretaceous aged major kimberlite pipes from the well-known Kimberley cluster, the type locality for archetypal group I kimberlites. Twenty-seven samples representative of various kimberlite intrusions from the eastern lobe of the Du Toitspan kimberlite pipe have been analysed for their whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry (olivine and phlogopite) with the aim of developing semi-quantitative models that constrain their petrogenesis and characterise their respective source region(s). Investigated intrusions include; D13-phlogopite kimberlite, D14-monticellite kimberlite, D17-serpentinized phlogopite kimberlite, and several narrow (<1m) calcite kimberlite dykes ranging in texture from aphanitic to macrocrystic. The aphanitic calcite dykes were further sub-divided into; a phlogopite-rich calcite kimberlite, a perovskite-rich calcite kimberlite, opaque-rich calcite kimberlites and serpentine calcit e kimberlites.
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Hanekom, Adri. "Petrogenesis of the Northwest corner intrusive phases, Dutoitspan kimberlite, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4200.

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The Outoitspan Group 1 kimberlite pipe forms part of the well-known cluster of pipes located in and around the city of Kimberley, South Africa. Eight macroscopically distinct intrusive phases, i.e. D2 Type 2, D2 Type 3, D2/D5, D5, D18, Type 5, D16 and the D16 dyke are present in the Northwest Corner area of the mine. Microscopically they range from macrocrystic to aphanitic hypabyssal (magmatic) kimberlites with varying amounts of opaque minerals, monticellite and phlogopite. Olivine is the dominant macrocryst phase and alteration varies from unaltered to highly serpentinised. These intrusive phases also contain variable amounts of crustal xenoliths.
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Hanson, Emily Kate. "Estimating erosion of cretaceous-aged kimberlites in the Republic of South Africa through the examination of upper-crustal xenoliths." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/855/.

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Noyes, Andrea K. "A feasibility study of U-Pb ilmenite geochronology, Monastery kimberlite, South Africa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0010/MQ60161.pdf.

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Coe, Nancy. "Petrogenesis of the Swartruggens and Star Group II kimberlite dyke swarms, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4191.

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Bibliography: leaves 139-146.
The Swartruggens (156 Ma) and Star (128 Ma) kimberlites are two Group II, diamondiferous, hypabyssal kimerlite dyke swarms, situated in the Northern Province and the Free State respectively, South Africa. Representative samples from all dykes exposed in the mining operations, the Main and Changhouse Dykes, South Fissure and the barren Muil Dyke at Swartruggens, and the Wynandsfontein, East Star, Clewer, Byrnes and Barren dykes at Star, have been analysed for their major and trace element contents and Sr, Nd and Hf isotope compositions. Primary kimberlite magma chemistry is subjected to considerable modification due to the incorporation of both mantle and crustal material during ascent to the surface, crystal fractionation, and post-emplacement alteration by deuteric fluids. This study aims to constrain the effects of these processes, and thus to identify least-modified, close-to-primary, parental magma compositions, with the view to understanding the source region characteristics of, and the petrogenetic processes giving rise to, these kimberlites.
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Appleyard, Clare M. "The geochemistry of a suite of eclogite xenoliths from the Rietfontein Kimberlite, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4185.

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The Rietfontein kimberlite is an off-craton kimberlite pipe, located west of the Kaapvaal Craton at 26.75°, 20.04°E and hosts a range of xenocryst lithologies, including peridotite, eclogite and a suite of megacryst minerals. This study focuses on a suite of eclogite xenoliths, which were subject to a detailed petrographical and geochemical study, aimed at their characterisation and comparison to eclogites from on-craton and other off-craton localities. Garnet, clinopyroxene, accessory and secondary minerals were analysed for major element compositions using electron microprobe techniques and garnet and clinopyroxene trace element compositions were determined by Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques. Oxygen isotopic compositions of five garnet samples were obtained using laser flourination techniques, followed by analysis by gas source mass spectrometry.
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Kiviets, Gail Beverly. "A detailed geochemical investigation of diamond-bearing eclogite xenoliths from the Kaalvallei kimberlite, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4205.

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Bibliography: leaves 122-138.
The eclogites are essentially bimeneralic assemblages of garnet and clinopyroxene. Thirteen xenoliths contain accessory diamond with graphite on diamond surfaces. One has accessory ilmenite. The rocks are well equilibrated and are classified as Group 1 eclogites, based on their mineral textures and compositions. The calculated equilibrium temperatures for the eclogites range from 1157 °C to 1245 °C, assuming a pressure of 50 kbar. Two populations of eclogites are defined in terms of the calcium content of the garnet, equilibration temperatures and trace element abundances.
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Jacobs, Daniel A. B. "Orthopyroxene stability within Kimberlite magma : an experimental investigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20211.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The common presence of large volumes of coarse-grained olivine in kimberlite magmas has been proposed to attest to the volume of mantle xenolith material that has been disaggregated during the ascent of the magma. Orthopyroxene should constitute 10-50 vol% of mantle xenoliths in kimberlites, some of which must be disaggregated into the kimberlite, yet it is typically absent. This work tests the stability of orthopyroxene in ascending kimberlite magma by conducting experiments at pressures between 2.0 and 3.5 GPa and temperatures between 1100 and 1300°C. The starting material consisted of natural hypabyssal kimberlite that is close in composition to primary group I kimberlite magma with 5wt% orthopyroxene sourced from a natural peridotite added. At higher temperatures and pressures it is seen that orthopyroxene quantities exceed that of the starting material, but at lower temperatures and pressures it is absent. These results indicate that orthopyroxene is not stable in the magma composition investigated within the shallower part of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Based on increased olivine volumes in the experiments where orthopyroxene disappeared, as well as textural relationships between olivine and orthopyroxene, it is found that orthopyroxene dissolution is incongruent along the reaction Mg2Si2O6 (opx) = Mg2SiO4 (ol) + SiO2 (in the liquid). It is concluded that this reaction leads to a maximum addition of 5.5 vol% peritectic olivine to the kimberlite as it ascends through the depths equivalent to a pressure window of 2.0 to 3.5 GPa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: The common presence of large volumes of coarse-grained olivine in kimberlite magmas has been proposed to attest to the volume of mantle xenolith material that has been disaggregated during the ascent of the magma. Orthopyroxene should constitute 10-50 vol% of mantle xenoliths in kimberlites, some of which must be disaggregated into the kimberlite, yet it is typically absent. This work tests the stability of orthopyroxene in ascending kimberlite magma by conducting experiments at pressures between 2.0 and 3.5 GPa and temperatures between 1100 and 1300°C. The starting material consisted of natural hypabyssal kimberlite that is close in composition to primary group I kimberlite magma with 5wt% orthopyroxene sourced from a natural peridotite added. At higher temperatures and pressures it is seen that orthopyroxene quantities exceed that of the starting material, but at lower temperatures and pressures it is absent. These results indicate that orthopyroxene is not stable in the magma composition investigated within the shallower part of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Based on increased olivine volumes in the experiments where orthopyroxene disappeared, as well as textural relationships between olivine and orthopyroxene, it is found that orthopyroxene dissolution is incongruent along the reaction Mg2Si2O6 (opx) = Mg2SiO4 (ol) + SiO2 (in the liquid). It is concluded that this reaction leads to a maximum addition of 5.5 vol% peritectic olivine to the kimberlite as it ascends through the depths equivalent to a pressure window of 2.0 to 3.5 GPa.
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Books on the topic "Kimberlite – South Africa – Kroonstad"

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International Kimberlite Conference (7th 1998 Cape Town, South Africa). Extended abstracts: Seventh International Kimberlite Conference, Cape Town, April 1998, South Africa. Cape Town?]: [publisher not identified], 1998.

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Place of Thorns: Black Political Protest in Kroonstad Since 1976. Wits University Press, 2015.

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Conference papers on the topic "Kimberlite – South Africa – Kroonstad"

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Hamilton, M. P., and S. J. Webb. "Delineation of kimberlite pipes using ground geophysical techniques: A Case Study of two kimberlites near Kimberley, South Africa." In 8th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.144.37.

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Magalhaes, Nivea, Sarah C. Penniston-Dorland, Safiya Alpheus, Maureen Feineman, and James Farquhar. "SURFACE-DERIVED SULFUR IN THE SUB-CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE: WHOLE ROCK MULTIPLE SULFUR ANALYSIS OF PERIDOTITE AND ECLOGITE XENOLITHS FROM THE PREMIER KIMBERLITE, SOUTH AFRICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-305730.

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Tessema, A. "Interpretation of Airborne Magnetic and ASTER Images over Kimberley and Boshof Areas, Northern Cape Province, South Africa: Implication for the Occurrence of Diamond-bearing Kimberlite Pipes." In 11th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.241.tessema_abstract.

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