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Tödtling, Franz, Patrick Lehner, and Alexander Kaufmann. "Do different types of innovation rely on specific kinds of knowledge interactions?" Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/306/1/document.pdf.
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It is commonly accepted nowadays that innovations are brought forward in an interactive process of knowledge generation and application. The business sector, the science sector, and policy actors are involved in this process as has been stressed in concepts such as innovation systems and the network approach. It is still unclear, however, as to what extent different kinds of innovation rely on specific knowledge sources and links. More advanced innovations on the one hand might draw more on scientific knowledge, generated in universities and research organizations. Such knowledge is often exchanged in personal interactions at a local or regional level. Incremental innovations and the adoption of new technologies, on the other hand, seem to occur often in interaction with partners from the business sector also at higher spatial levels. In this paper we analyze such patterns of knowledge links. After dealing with knowledge interactions from a conceptual view and reviewing the relevant literature, we present an empirical analysis for Austria. The findings show that firms introducing more advanced innovations are relying to a higher extent on R&D and patents, and that they are cooperating more often with universities and research organizations. Firms having introduced less advanced innovations rely more on knowledge links with business services. Furthermore, the employment of researchers was identified as a key factor enhancing knowledge interactions of firms with universities. (authors' abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Hauswald, Rico. "Institution Types and Institution Tokens: An Unproblematic Distinction?" Sage, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35367.
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The distinction between institution types and institution tokens plays an important role in Francesco Guala’s philosophy of institutions. In this commentary, I argue that this distinction faces a number of difficulties that are not sufficiently addressed in Understanding Institutions. In particular, I critically discuss Guala’s comparison between the taxonomy of organisms and the taxonomy of institutions, consider the semantics of institution terms on different levels in this taxonomy, and argue for an alternative solution to the problem of how to reconcile reformism and realism about institutions like marriage.
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Bejleri, Andi. "Parameterised session types communication patterns : through the looking glass of session types." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9475.
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This dissertation studies a type theory to guarantee communication-safety in sessions of an arbitrary number of participants, typically represented as communication patterns, of mobile processes in the context of multiparty session types— a well-established type theory that describes the interactive structure of a fixed number of processes from a global point of view and type-checks the processes through projection of the global type onto the participants of the session. Communication-safety is the property that mobile processes exchange values of the same set without deadlocking and data races. Our study introduces a programming idiom of roles— a concept that describes the nature of a communication pattern in a similar way to classes in Java and C#, offering a design on how to incorporate parameterised session types into a mainstream language. The formal model (1) preserves multiparty session types’ syntax and type-checking strategy, and (2) allows the number of participants to range over infinite sets of natural numbers, providing full computation power of programs. A series of communication patterns and real-world examples from parallel algorithms and data exchange protocols demonstrate the expressiveness and practicality of the formal model, comparing the model with the only mature implementation of (binary) session types. We proved that type preservation under reduction and communication-safety hold in the type system. The study of parameterised session types is supported by the examination of multiparty session types for synchronous communications. We extended the initial work on multiparty session types with a simpler calculus, multicast send of values and labels, a practical form of higher-order communication and a more intuitive, elegant linearity property; we proved that (a) type preservation and communication-safety hold in the type system, and (b) interactions of a typeable process follow exactly the description of the global type.
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Karpul, Alexander. "Emergent Communication: The evolution of simplistic machines using different communication types." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6405.
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The methods of transmitting information may be divided as follows: direct; and, indirect. The âdirectâ method occurs when a creature transmits a signal that other creatures in its local environment can receive. Word of mouth advertising is a form of direct communication. âIndirectâ communication relays a message through the environment. This type of communication is known as stigmergy. Both word of mouth communication and stigmergy require the existence of groups of communicators. It is, however, difficult to analyse a very large number of local interactions that occur in group behaviour. A global phenomenon known as âemergenceâ arises from such behaviour. The phrase ââthe whole is greater than the sum of its partsâ normally describes emergence. In this research, we investigate how the two methods of communicating, direct and indirect (including a combination of these), result in emergent behaviour. In order to establish this outcome we employed the use of agent-based software in which we designed groups of agents to evolve over generations in response to specific situations. The manner in which these agent groups evolve is by a genetic algorithm. This is based on the consumption and collection of resources from the environment - a metric for gauging how well the population performs as a whole. For the purpose of this dissertation, we measure and examine the performance of four styles of the two methods of communication: No Communication, Word of Mouth, Stigmergic and Both (a combination of direct and indirect). We observe the fitness arising through successive generations of agents for each of the four styles and compare the results. The âNo Communicationâ style is markedly the worst performer and is âthe sum of the partsâ in terms of the definition of emergence. The âWord of Mouthâ style is marginally below the best performer but is rated well above that of âNo Communicationâ. The âStigmergicâ style is only the third best performer. Combining the direct and indirect methods yields the best result for the âBothâ style. All the communicating categories, considered âthe wholeâ in terms of the definition for emergence, outperform the âNo Communicationâ style. This demonstrates that emergence occurs when using these communication methods in groups. Keywords: Communication, Emergence, Genetic Algorithms, Group Behaviour
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Stanek, Lynn Marie. "Relationship of Marital Types and Conflict Styles." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5105.
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Communication is an integral part of all relationships. The intent of this study was to discover if certain individual preferences for approaching conflict occur in a significant fashion between the partners of particular types of marriages. In addition, this study meant to better understand how conflict is perceived and responded to, in marriage and/or long term relationships. Fitzpatrick's (1977) Relational Dimensions Inventory (RDI), was used for this study to characterize three dimensions of marriage: interdependence, ideology, and conflict engagement/avoidance, resulting in the following marital types: Traditionals, Independents, Separates, and Mixed. Rahim's (1983) instrument, the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI), was also used to measure five independent patterns of handling interpersonal conflict: Integrating, Dominating, Compromising, Avoiding, and Obliging. Based on prior work of Fitzpatrick (1975, 1983, 1988) and Rahim (1983), this study asked: Do conflict styles vary across marital types? Individual hypotheses examined occurrences of particular conflict styles within specific marital types. The data represent 103 couples. Data were derived from a Likert type survey instrument of Fitzpatrick's RDI and Rahim's ROCI-II, with a total of 65 questions. Chi-square and cross-tabulation were used to reveal associations between marital type and conflict style. Bonferroni procedure for multiple hypotheses was applied. Cross-tabulation did not indicate a relationship between marital types and conflict styles. One hypothesis was statistically supported. As couple level data produced few significant results, post hoc analysis at the individual level was conducted. Conflict styles were conceptually divided into concern for self and concern for other. ANOVA was run on marital type, other orientation, and satisfaction. Significant results are reported for wives.
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Lavender, Robert Gregory. "Polymorphic types for constructing concurrent objects and layered communication protocols /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170911/.
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Lavender, R. Gregory. "Polymorphic types for constructing concurrent objects and layered communication protocols." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38440.
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Polymorphic type abstractions are proposed for constructing concurrent objects and layered peer-to-peer communication protocols, both of which exhibit inherently asynchronous behavior. The type abstractions are shown to be both expressive and efficient in the context of a statically typed object-oriented language. Where appropriate, the utility of the type abstractions is illustrated by demonstrating their usefulness in concurrent programming using the Actor model. The results of this work have direct applicability to problems in concurrent programming, distributed systems, and communication protocol architectures.
An extensible, polymorphic type abstraction for structuring concurrent method execution in a strongly typed object-oriented language is introduced. The type abstraction is called a polymorphic lambda type. A lambda type is an abstraction for a procedure that is based in part on λ-abstraction in the λ-calculus. The lambda type is a key component of a concurrent object model that allows methods defined in a class to be instantiated as lambda objects. Lambda objects are used to represent some aspect of behavior and they represent a first-class execution environment. The first-class nature of lambda objects facilitates the construction of more powerful computational abstractions, primarily those requiring 'asynchronous interaction and concurrent execution. Through a series of refinements, lambda objects are shown to be as expressive as traditional procedures with little extra cost for call setup and invocation.
Concurrent objects require synchronization control. A type abstraction called a behavior set is introduced for specifying synchronization constraints in a strongly typed concurrent object-oriented language with Actor-style concurrency semantics. The behavior set abstraction offers a solution to structuring synchronization control that coexists with an inheritance mechanism, thereby avoiding the inheritance anomaly.Ph. D.
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Lambert, Emma Jean Heard. "Parent-child communication and coorientation in four family communication pattern types : a journey in socialization /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487685204967184.
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Humphreys-Jones, Claire. "An investigation of the types and structure of misunderstandings." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/195.
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This thesis is based on the premise that when speaker-hearers are involved in misunderstandings, they provide analysts of talk with valuable evidence of a process which is not normally amenable to direct investigation, namely, the process of 'successful communication'. A number of scholars, working independently from different disciplinary perspectives, have begun to investigate such evidence but there has been no systematic programme of research to determine either the structural characteristics of misunderstandings or the different types of misunderstandings which could occur in everyday interaction. In order to facilitate such a programme, a corpus of one hundred misunderstandings was collected by the diary method. As a first step towards analysing the corpus a communication model was developed in order to account for the salient structural characteristics of misunderstandings. Four major integral components were identified which provide an important source of evidence for establishing (i) that a misunderstanding has occurred, (ii) the extent, course and outcome of a misunderstanding and (iii). the type of misunderstanding which has occurred. The components are both 'textual', such as utterances, and 'non-textual', such as understandings, and therefore enable the essential aspects of communication to be accommodated in the analysis. The fact that nineteen different types of misunderstandings were identified indicates the complexity of the phenomenon. The "process" analysis of the corpus and of additional data, drawn from the work of other researchers, shows that speaker-hearers are able to negotiate understanding by means of a number of devices'. In detailing these 'devices' and the inter-relationship between them, it is suggested that the correct use of'devices' and the recognition of inappropriate responses are crucial communicative skills. The majority of misunderstandings are detected and resolved because speaker-hearers draw on these skills. Nevertheless, some misunderstandings are not resolved and these data emphasize how important it is that speaker-hearers utilize the resources available to them. By specifying what these resources might be, this thesis argues that successful communication requires highly complex, structured interaction in which the monitoring of understanding is of paramount importance.
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Combs, Marilyn J. "Willingness to communicate : an investigation of instrument applicability to authority target types." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722179.
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This purpose of this study was to examine the basic trait assumption of the Willingness to Communicate-Trait Form instrument (McCroskey & Richmond, 1985) in the university environment. McCroskey and Richmond's instrument contains only one target type. In order to test the trait assumption, an instrument was created to measure subjects' willingness to communicate with a different target type: university authority figures.The trait assumption posits that persons with a high level of willingness to communicate in one context or with one receiver type should also have a high level of willingness to communicate in other contexts and with other receiver types. It was found that subjects who scored high on the Willingness to Communicate-Trait Form also had high willingness to communicate with authority figures in all communication contexts tested (dyad, meeting, small group, public). Thus, support was demonstrated for the assumption that willingness to communicate is a traitlike phenomenon.The conceptual definition of willingness to communicate is discussed and conceptual correlates were introduced. It was recommended that future research be continued in the willingness to communicate and related communication areas.Department of Speech Communication
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Signati, Teresa, and Teresa Signati. "Session types for asynchronous communication: a new subtyping and its implementation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22897/.
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Session types are a promising way to describe communication protocols directly through the type system, allowing to check the correctness of a system at compile time. This thesis represents a study of session subtyping, i.e., the substitutability of components, starting from the work by Bravetti, Lange, and Zavattaro, who presented a definition of fair asynchronous subtyping. Their subtyping allows the anticipation of messages emissions without the restrictions imposed by previous results on this field. Since covariance of outputs is not allowed by the original version of subtyping, we tried to address this problem and to introduce covariance into the original proposal of fair asynchronous subtyping. Finally, we describe the integration process of the new definition of subtyping within the tool for the check of subtyping relation.
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Darch, Barry. "The role of scaffolding in providing the kinds of metacognition that may help more able Key Stage 3 pupils develop their writing abilities." Thesis, [n.p.], 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18849.
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Scott, Sarah Jane. "Comparing Speech Movements in Different Types of Noise." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4226.
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This study examined the impact of several noise conditions on speech articulator movements during a sentence repetition task. Sixty participants in three age groups ranging from 20 to 70 repeated a sentence under five noise conditions. Lower lip movements during production of a target sentence were used to compute the spatiotemporal index (STI). It was hypothesized that STI would be lower (indicating greater stability) in the silent baseline condition. There were changes in speech production under several of the noise conditions. The duration for the 1-talker condition was significantly shorter when compared to the silent condition, which could be due to the impact of the 1-talker noise on the attention of the speaker. The peak velocity of a selected closing gesture increased in all of the noise conditions compared to silence. It could be speculated that the repetitive and predictable nature of the speaking task allowed participants to easily filter out the noise while automatically increasing the velocity of lip movements, and consequently, the rate of speech. The STI in the pink noise and 6-talker conditions was lower than in the silent condition, which may be interpreted to reflect a steadier manner of speech production. This could be due to the fact that in the 6-speaker noise condition, the overall effect was more similar to continuous noise, and thus potentially less distracting than hearing a single speaker talking. The count of velocity peaks was unexpectedly lower in the noise conditions compared to speech in silence, suggesting a smoother pattern of articulator movement. The repetitiveness of the task may not require a high level of self-monitoring, resulting in speech output that was more automatic in the noise conditions. With the presentation of noise during a speaking task, the intensity increased due to the Lombard effect in all of the noise conditions. People communicate in noisy environments every day, and an increased understanding of the effects of noise on speech would have value from both theoretical and clinical perspectives.
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Colacci, John. "The effect of different types of feedback on quality of presentation /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66018.
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Johnston, Philip. "Exploring New Types of Motives in Social Media." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397836029.
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Wacholtz, Larry E. "The communication of recorded country music : a Q-technique portrait of seven listener types /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487760357822728.
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Ingram, Rachel M. "Educational psychologists' rationales for different types of representation of children's views in written communication." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/representation-of-childrens-views-in-educational-psychologists-nonstatutory-written-communication(c105af31-3783-40f0-b22e-300531063a13).html.
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Writing about children's views is integral to EP work. Any written account of children's views is one of many possible interpretations, each of which may have a different impact. The choices EPs make about their writing may be informed by ethical, political and therapeutic considerations as well as the differing agendas of the readership. However, making a decision about how to represent children's views is problematic; EPs themselves report dilemmas and have been criticised for writing in ways that are disempowering for children. There is very little research on this aspect of EP practice. The aim of this thesis is to explore EPs' rationales for writing about children's views and how these link with their practice. I used discourse analysis to examine the representation of children's views. This involved focusing on the social functions of written communication rather than assuming that writing was a medium of communication. I considered both EP rationales about how they represented children's views and examples of EP writing. My data came from published work by EPs and from a focus group of my colleagues. I analysed papers on EP writing that contained an example of EP writing and an accompanying rationale. The focus group was asked to reflect on their practice in writing about children's views and to provide examples of their own writing. I looked for patterns in the arguments for different types of writing about children's views (known "as interpretative repertoires) and compared these with the styles in the examples of actual EP writing. I found that repertoires formed a hierarchical structure. There were two main repertoires used by the EPs: 'writing as a record', where writing is considered to be neutral; and 'writing as an event', where writing is understood to be one account of many and tailored to anticipate its impact on readers. These were subdivided into further repertoires, which I termed 'strands'. EPs used different repertoires in different situations rather than applying a consistent framework. I identified 'winning' arguments which seemed to mediate shifts between repertoires, but privileged one repertoire rather than resolving the differences in assumptions. EPs could use my analysis to reflect on their practice by comparing their own use of repertoires with those used by the EPs in this study, and challenging the assumptions which underpin the way they represent children's views. Potentially, further research on EP use of 'winning' arguments may reveal tacit rules which determine how children's views are represented. My analysis also suggests the need for a coherent theoretical framework to inform practice, as justifications which rely on using different assumptions on different occasions are vulnerable to criticism.
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Zmyslinski-Seelig, Anne Nicole. ""To each their own"| Comparing satisfaction, money management, and financial communication across couple types." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10119530.
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Negative outcomes associated with poor money management and financial communication prompt research that provides fresh theoretical perspectives with the ultimate goal of providing concrete advice to both couples and practitioners. Contributing to scholarship regarding finances in committed relationships, the current study examined connections among relationship satisfaction, financial management, and financial communication. Results demonstrated positive associations between: (a) relationship satisfaction and financial management as well as (b) relationship satisfaction and financial communication. Further, utilizing Fitzpatrick’s (1988) couple types, the investigation tested whether or not the typology explained differences in individuals’ and dyads’ relationship satisfaction, financial management, and financial communication. Regarding differences based on dyads’ types, Independent couples reported lower levels of relationship satisfaction than Traditional/Independent, Independent/Separate, and Traditional couples. As far as financial communication, Independent couples reported lower levels of communication than Traditional and Traditional/Separate couples. Second, concerning differences based on individuals’ couple types, Traditionals reported higher levels of satisfaction (low conflict and high stability) than Separates as well as higher levels of financial communication than Independents. Separates also reported higher levels of financial communication than Independents. Overall, findings of the study highlight the importance of productive financial management and communication in sustaining satisfying relationships. Finally, results indicate that couple types account for some differences in relationship satisfaction and financial communication; however, future research should continue to explore this phenomenon, particularly because of the profound impact of money on committed relationships.
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Frnka, Josef. "Návrh modulu systému komunikace se zákazníkem v průběhu projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162559.
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Main goal of this thesis is to design module of communication for a small company specializing in development of complex software. There are communication problems in project management, that result in loss of important informations. I will present the theoretical principles of project communication and use them to identify main problems. Using this conclusions I will design a new internal system module and install it into organization, then i will summarize feedback received from employes. At the end of the thesis i will evaluate benefits for the organization.
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Villado, Anton James. "Face-to-face versus computer-mediated communication: An investigation of multiple outcomes across task-types." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2082.
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A novel approach was used to investigate differences between groups using computer-mediated and face-to-face communication. In a laboratory setting, three-person groups completed three survival themed tasks. The tasks were related in that the output of a preliminary task became the input of the sequent task.
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Lin, Jing-Ling Jenny. "Richard Weaver's Theory of Argument and Beyond: Argument Types, Political Position, and Political Presumption-A Study of Taiwan's Political Discourse." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392370881.
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Suliman, Alrazi. "Asylum Seekers Views and Experiences from Different Types of Interviews." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21285.
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The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how asylum seekers may experience different interview methods in the asylum investigation in Sweden. An inductive qualitative data collection technique was used in this study, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with six asylum seekers in four different cities in Sweden. This study was influenced by the grounded theory approach in the way of creating codes, concepts and themes from the empirical data analyzed in thematic and constant comparison method. The results show three different themes, namely ‘‘the expressions of the feelings, possibilities to expressions and possibilities and difficulties.’’ as they present the asylum seekers views of different interview methods. The role theory was chosen in relation to the asylum seekers different behavior toward the interview methods. The results indicated the possibilities for different roles as: ‘‘psychological unbalanced role, technology skilled role, technology challenged role and the apprehensive role’’
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Masse, Laurence. "La communication verbale et nonverbale en situation d'entretien psychothérapeutique : comparaison de deux types de psychothérapie : cognitive et d'inspiration psychanalytique." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA083776.
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Waechter, Susanne Franziska. "Contextual advertising in online communication: An investigation of relationships between multiple content types on a webpage." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/912.
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As part of the promotional mix, advertising plays a significant role in a company’s or organisation’s communication with its consumers and stakeholders. In order to inform consumers about their products or services, marketers apply a variety of advertising strategies. One particular strategy is “contextual advertising”, which refers to the strategic placement of advertisements in an editorial environment whose theme is relevant for the promoted product or service (Belch & Belch, 2009, p. 492). Also in advertising research, contextual advertising received a considerable amount of attention. Scholars have investigated the effectiveness of contextual advertising in online and offline media. Researchers as well as practitioners have particularly focused on content-based relationships between advertisements and the theme of the editorial environment in which the advertisement is placed. With a focus on online media, the present study aimed to investigate this content-based relationship but also to examine what other types of relationships between the different contents on a webpage the user constructs. Advertising has also been investigated in the area of semiotics. Several scholars analysed advertisements in order to reveal their meaning-affordances. A second interest in the present study derives from semiotic studies and theories, which emphasise the individual’s significance in the meaning-making process but also exclude the individual from their analysis. A potential contradiction could be seen here and by investigating how users interpret a particular webpage, this study aimed to examine what insights an analysis can provide that is solely focused on the webpage user. In order to capture users’ interpretations of a webpage’s contents and to investigate what types of relationships between these contents users construct semi-structured interviews with six participants were conducted. The participants were invited to look at a webpage from the website www.healthyfood.co.nz. Following the interviews, the participants’ responses were transcribed, categorised and analysed. Findings from the study revealed that several participants constructed relationships between advertisements and the editorial content based on content-similarity but also on design-similarity as well as their personal knowledge about sponsorship relationships and income-investment relationships. Personal knowledge also appeared to be important for the interpretation of the webpage. The participants’ interpretation of the webpage were also guided by their personal interest in the contents, their individual contexts like socio-cultural background, experiences and beliefs as well as environmental factors such as time and the layout of the interview location. The results of the study support the significant role of the individual in the process of meaning making and further contribute to an extended understanding of contextual advertising. Practical suggestions for the advertising area and future research were also identified.
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Jorstad, Connie Mae. "Small groups vs. the Internet : two types of personal interaction and their effects on social capital." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115762.
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This study examines the differences between interaction in Internet chat rooms and face to face communication and the effect those differences have on the development of social capital. Much has been written recently regarding the decline of social capital as evidenced by decreasing membership in small organizations. However, relatively little has been written about the potential for social capital to be_ developed through other forms of interaction. Results of this study indicate that though there are differences in the two experimental groups, there are no statistically significant differences between them.Department of Political Science
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Keller, Chantal. "A Matter of Trust : Skeptical Communication between Coq and External Provers." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/83/83/22/PDF/thesis-keller.pdf.
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Cette thèse présente une coopération entre l'assistant de preuve Coq et certains prouveurs externes basée sur l'utilisation de traces de preuves. Nous étudions plus particulièrement deux types de prouveurs pouvant renvoyer des certicats : d'une part, les réponses des prouveurs SAT et SMT peuvent être vériées en Coq afin d'augmenter à la fois la confiance qu'on peut leur porter et l'automatisation de Coq ; d'autre part, les théorèmes établis dans des assistants de preuves basés sur la Logique d'Ordre Supérieur peuvent être exportés en Coq et re-vérifiés, ce qui permet d'établir des preuves formelles mêlant ces deux paradigmes logiques. Cette étude a abouti à deux logiciels : SMTCoq, une coopération bi-directionnelle entre Coq et des prouveurs SAT/SMT, et HOLLIGHTCOQ, un outil important les théorèmes de HOL Light en Coq. L'architecture de chacun de ces deux développements a été pensée de manière modulaire et efficace, en établissant une séparation claire entre trois composants: un encodage en Coq du formalisme de l'outil externe qui est ensuite traduit avec soin vers des termes Coq, un vérificateur certifié pour établir les preuves, et un pré-processeur écrit en Ocaml traduisant les traces venant de prouveurs différents dans le même format de certicat. Grâce à cette séparation, un changement dans le format de traces n'affecte que le pré-processeur, sans qu'il soit besoin de modier du code ou des preuves Coq. Un autre composant essentiel pour l'efficacité et la modularité est la réflexion calculatoire, qui utilise les capacités de calcul de Coq pour établir des preuves à la fois courtes et génériques à partir des certificatsThis thesis studies the cooperation between the Coq proof assistant and external provers through proof witnesses. We concentrate on two different kinds of provers that can return certicates: first, answers coming from SAT and SMT solvers can be checked in Coq to increase both the confidence in these solvers and Coq's automation; second, theorems established in interactive provers based on Higher-Order Logic can be exported to Coq and checked again, in order to offer the possibility to produce formal developments which mix these two dierent logical paradigms. It ended up in two software: SMTCoq, a bi-directional cooperation between Coq and SAT/SMT solvers, and HOLLIGHTCOQ, a tool importing HOL Light theorems into Coq. For both tools, we took great care to define a modular and efficient architecture, based on three clearly separated ingredients: an embedding of the formalism of the external tool inside Coq which is carefully translated into Coq terms, a certified checker to establish the proofs using the certicates, and an Ocaml preprocessor to transform proof witnesses coming from different provers into a generic certificate. This division allows that a change in the format of proof witnesses only affects the preprocessor, but no proved Coq code. Another fundamental component for efficiency and modularity is computational reflection, which exploits the computational power of Coq to establish generic and small proofs based on the certicates
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Fadhli, Karam. "Types of communication about delusions among people with psychosis : a multi-centre cross sectional interview and record study." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/90983/.
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Background: Delusions are common in psychosis, defined as fixed, false beliefs. Some studies, however, have found that they may be less fixed than previously thought, possibly changing in response to talking about them. Relatives of people with psychosis or clinical staff often ask how to respond to them when they talk about their delusions, but no available advice appears to be evidence based. Aims: To review evidence on everyday communication about delusions and find out how people with delusions talk about them with others, taking three perspectives (patients, their nominated relatives and clinicians) and to construct a model for communication in relation to the delusion according to each party independently. Methods: 36 patients were engaged in semi-structured interviews about their mental state generally (Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale) and their delusion (Maudsley Assessment of Delusions Schedule). Each patient was asked to nominate a relative and a professional to whom s/he spoke about the delusion. Relatives and staff were interviewed by different researchers. Results: Most patients reported speaking to others about their delusion and nominated an informant. Most felt emotionally disturbed by their delusions, but, against prediction, this did not affect nomination; nor did their delusion content. There was good agreement between the three parties on occurrence of such communication. Some patients had self-harmed; only some relatives or staff concurred with them on attributing this to the delusion. A testable hypothesis was generated that the intrusiveness of delusions resulted in personal change for the patient and sense of changed relationship and detachment for the others. Conclusions: No previous study has investigated communication about delusions between three parties. It was striking that so few relatives were engaged. If patients, their families and clinicians could improve mutual understanding of delusions, the safety of the patient and others as well as treatment might be improved.
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Bendzovski, Daniel. "Trend-sandwich : Exploring new ways of joining inspiration, such as different kinds of trends, through processes of morphing and melding different trendy garments and materials, for new methods, garment types, materials and expressions." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-248.
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The aim of this work is to explore the joining of inspiration, such as different garments and materials, in relation to commonly used methods in the fashion industry when it comes to joining of different trends and references such as clashing and collaging. The work proposes a new method and framework for join- ing inspiration which generates different results depending on what kind of inspiration that is put in to it. A garment can roughly be broken down to a silhouette and shape, materials and details. The material put in to the method and framework is based on information from trend seminars for SS16, because that is how many of today’s trend-oriented fashion brands get there inspiration. Trendy garment silhouettes are mixed through processes of computational morphing in Adobe Flash by a generation of spin in the mixing process were shape hints are used in a new manner. The new generated silhouettes are further developed and materialized through procedures of interpretation and figuration. Different trendy materials are melded in a direct and concrete way through mixed media techniques such as laminating, fusing and vacuum-techniques. The final steps of the method is a garment shape and material synthesis with starting point in the generated shape with the final material. The projects intention is to let the physical experimentation, interpretation and figuration play a central role in the research process for new types of methods, garments, materials and expressive pos- sibilities.
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Gärdström, Jennifer, and Hanna Lundberg. "Types of ads within humanitarian charities - How do they affect people?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130026.
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Just nu är miljontals människor världen över i akut behov av hjälp och stöd. Det finns idag en stor mängd humanitära välgörenhetsorganisationer som arbetar med just detta. Deras verksamhet är beroende av att privatpersoner går in och stöttar, vilket innebär att organisationernas kommunikation utåt är avgörande för att kunna nå dem. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka hur olika annonstyper inom humanitära välgörenhetsorganisationer påverkar människor. I en pilotstudie identifierades tre olika annonstyper som använts i denna studie. För att se om någon av annonstyperna fick en starkare respons användes en kvantitativ enkät där 70 respondenter svarade. För att undersöka hur bild och text i annonstyperna påverkade mottagare genomfördes nio kvalitativa intervjuer. I både enkät och intervjuer fick de som deltog se de tre olika annonstyperna och svara på frågor kring dessa. Resultatet av studien visar att de tre annonstyperna väcker olika känslor och reaktioner hos olika människor, samt att en för hög exponering av en viss annonstyp kan leda till att mottagaren inte påverkas i lika hög utsträckning. Detta tyder på att en varierad kommunikation är den mest effektiva för att humanitära välgörenhetsorganisationer ska kunna påverka så många människor som möjligt.
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Kassouha, Souleiman. "Etude comparative du fonctionnement de la communication chez les élèves dans les écoles élémentaires : l'interaction entre deux types d'élèves : tout venant et déficient intellectuel intégré." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1523.
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L'objectif de cette étude est de savoir si le développement de la communication présente des spécificités chez les enfants déficients intellectuels et de repérer la part du non verbal dans ce développement. Il s'agit aussi d'analyser les modalités d'interaction chez les enfants tout-venant et les enfants déficients intellectuels, plus précisément d'analyser les manifestations multimodales propres à ces interactions. Postulant en hypothèse générale que ces interactions varient selon le type de dyade formé, nous avons choisi trois types de dyades, tout-venant/tout-venant (TV-TV), déficient/déficient (DI-DI), et tout-venant/déficient (TV-DI). Cette étude montre l'intérêt de l'utilisation d'une évaluation communicative multimodale afin d'étayer des hypothèses relevant de la psychologie développementale générale et différentielle et afin d'orienter les interventions. Nous pouvons en effet, relever quelques implications éducatives de cette forme de comparaison et d'évaluation : la lecture multimodale ou pluridimensionnelle des comportements communicatifs émis ; la mise en évidence de compétence communicative et adaptative spécialement chez les DI ; le repérage de stratégies communicatives facilitant le diagnostic et l'ajustement des comportements éducatifs dans le cadre de réalisation de tâche coopérative et d'interactions avec des partenaires familiers ou non familiers
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Danisman, Batuhan. "Analysis Of Conventional Low Voltage Power Line Communication Methods For Automatic Meter Reading And The Classification And Experimental Verification Of Noise Types For Low Voltage Power Line Communication Network." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610469/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, the conventional low voltage power line communication methods is
investigated in the axis of automated meter reading applications and the classification
and experimental verification of common noise types for low voltage power line
communication network. The investigated system provides the real time transmission
of electricity consumption data recorded by electricity meters, initially to a local
computer via a low voltage line through a low speed PLC (Power Line Carrier)
environment and subsequently to a corporate network through a high speed data
transmission medium. The automated meter system provides a more effective
tracking and data acquisition, a more detailed and vigorous knowledge about
consumer behavior for subscriber assessment in electricity distribution in association
with a brand new management and system supervision concept in electricity
distribution control and management technology. The theoretical studies are
experimentally verified for the Turkish low voltage power infrastructure through
laboratory experiments performed in METU Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department, Electrical Machines and Drives Laboratory and R&D Laboratories of MAKEL facilities in Hadimkö
y. The single phase voltage of the mains line between the phase and neutral is monitored to exhibit the disturbing effects of various noise sources. The resulting voltage spectrum is logged by using digital data acquisition devices in time and frequency domain. The waveforms are converted to frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) functions of the MATLAB. The experimental results are compared to the theoretical findings obtained through literature survey.
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Short, Elizabeth Anne. "Words and phrases used in written communication by eight personality types as measured by the Myers-Briggs type indicator : a contribution to the theory." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16085/.
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Written communication is an integral part of any organisation regardless of size or the nature of its business. The writer chooses words that should be understood by the readers. However, these words have been chosen based on a variety of factors, one of which is personality type, and the writer's personality type may differ from that of the readers. The research question underpinning this study is - In what ways, if at all, do personality types (as determined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and most frequently found in management positions), select and use different words and phrases when writing business communication? To investigate this question, the psychological type theory of Jung, the personality type theory of Briggs and Myers, and organisational communication theory are applied. The methodology used is descriptive research with the documents analysed using content analysis, employing NUD.IST Vivo in conjunction with manual assessment. The research findings confirm that each personality type does use different words, validating personality type theory and therefore, making a contribution to the expanding body of research in this field. The knowledge gained from this study has significance in areas related to organisations as well as education and communication theory.
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Jeffrey, Sian. "Attentional and interpretive bias manipulation : transfer of training effects between sub-types of cognitive bias." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0234.
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[Truncated abstract] It is well established that anxiety vulnerability is characterised by two biased patterns of selective information processing (Mathews & MacLeod, 1986; Mogg & Bradley, 1998). First anxiety is associated with an attentional bias, reflecting the selective allocation of attention to threatening stimuli in the environment (Mathews & MacLeod, 1985; MacLeod, Mathews & Tata, 1986; MacLeod & Cohen, 1993). Second anxiety is associated with an interpretive bias, reflecting a disproportionate tendency to resolve ambiguity in a threatening manner (Mogg et al., 1994). These characteristics are shown by normal individual high in trait anxiety (Mathews, Richards & Eysenck, 1989; Mogg, Bradley & Hallowell, 1994; Mathews & MacLeod, 1994), and by examining clinically anxious patients who repeatedly report elevated trait anxiety levels (MacLeod, Mathews & Tata, 1986; Mogg & Bradley, 1998). '...' Two alternative hypotheses regarding this relationship are proposed. One hypothesis is that attentional and interpretive biases are concurrent expressions of a single underlying biased selectivity mechanism that characterises anxiety vulnerability (the Common Mechanism account). In contrast, a quite different hypothesis is that attentional and interpretive biases are independent cognitive anomalies that represent separate pathways to anxiety vulnerability (the Independent Mechanisms account). The present research program was designed to empirically test the predictions that differentiate the Common Mechanism and Independent Mechanisms accounts. The general methodological approach that was adopted was to employ bias manipulation tasks from the literature that have been developed and validated to directly modify one class of processing bias (i.e. attentional bias or interpretive bias). The effect of these direct bias manipulation tasks on a measure of the same class of processing bias or the other class of processing bias was then examined. The Common Mechanism and Independent Mechanisms accounts of the relationship between attentional and interpretive bias generate differing predictions concerning the impact of directly manipulating one class of processing bias upon a measure of the other class of processing bias. The central difference between the alternate accounts is their predictions regarding cross-bias transfer, that is the transfer of training effects from direct manipulation of one class of processing bias to a measure of the other class of processing bias. Whereas the Common Mechanism account predicts that such cross-bias transfer will occur, the Independent Mechanisms account does not predict such transfer. A series of seven studies is reported in this thesis. There was some difficulty achieving successful bias modification using bias manipulation approaches established in the literature; however when such manipulation was achieved no cross-bias transfer was observed. Therefore the obtained pattern of results was consistent with the Independent Mechanisms (IM) account, and inconsistent with the Common Mechanism (CM) account. A more detailed version of the IM account is developed to more fully accommodate the specific results obtained in this thesis.
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Thelen, Claire. "Effects of Plant-plant Airborne Interactions on Performance of Neighboring Plants Using Wild Types and Genetically Modified Lines of Arabidopsis thaliana." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1594404075723144.
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Polat, Mustafa. "Conflict Management And Effective Communication: Types Of Conflict Confronted And The Skills, Needs, And Att,tudes Of Students In Handling Conflicts." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611421/index.pdf.
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This study examines and analyzes conflict management and effective communication from several complementary perspectives. The purpose of the study is to identify common types of conflicts that learners confront in the process of EFL learningto examine and analyze EFL learners'
own strategies to deal with conflicts based on the conflict handling modes in the process of EFL learning
to find out their needs in terms of effective communication skills necessary to manage conflicts
and to analyze their attitudes toward conflict management learning and their needs for conflict management strategies. In order to achieve this aim, a survey research is preferred and the quantitaitve data gathered through the questionnaires were supported with the qualitative data obtained from the interivews with participants EFL learners. In the questiionnaire, there were two parts. The first one was a demographic inventory designed to gather the demographic characteristics of the participants. In the second part, four sub-sections were desgined: (1) a rank answer questionnaire to identify common types of conflicts that learners confront in the process of EFL learning
(2) a slightly adapted, Likert scale questionnaire which was translated to Turkish by Gü
mü
seli (1994) from the Rahim Organizational conflict Inventory II (ROCI II) to identify EFL learners'
conflict management strategies
(3) another Likert scale questionnaire to find out their needs in terms of effective communication skills necessary to manage conflicts
and (4) an alternative answer questionnaire to analyze learners'
attitudes toward conflict management learning and their needs for conflict management strategies. The result of these questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 15.0. This data gathering instrument was implemented on 339 students at the preparatory school TOBB University of Economics and Technology. Data gathered from 171 students from the same school were used for the piloting of the stduy. The data gahthered from 339 students at ETU Preparatory School represented the results of the main study. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics as frequency, percent, average, and standard deviation and inferential statistics as ANOVA was used. As the second scale of the current study, semi-structered interviewsw were conducted with 12 students studying at the same university. The results of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is a relationship between EFL learners'
conflict managament strategies, need for effective communication skills, and their gender, scholarship status, last school graduated, and duration of study at a particular university. Additionally, the study displayed that students confornt various types of conflict and they need to learn conflict management skills and effective communication skills to deal with conflicts successfully.
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Buschmann, Tobias [Verfasser], Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Lammert, Eckhard [Gutachter] Lammert, and Hermann [Gutachter] Aberle. "Communication of Blood Vessels and Hepatic Cell Types During Liver Regeneration / Tobias Buschmann ; Gutachter: Eckhard Lammert, Hermann Aberle ; Betreuer: Eckhard Lammert." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185164790/34.
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Eamsobhana, Sudawadee. "The cross-cultural research of United States and Thailand: The relationship between celebrity endorsers and types of product endorsed." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2845.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of celebrities and the types of products endorsed. Advertisements from one popular magazine in the U.S. and two popular magazines in Thailand were used.
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Begum, Rabeya. "The roles of teachers and types of questions in the science classroom : A study of communication patterns in high school level biology lessons." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för matematikämnets och naturvetenskapsämnenas didaktik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158005.
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Teacher-student communication in the classroom is crucial for effective student learning and a teacher can play different roles by asking related questions. Teachers use of the right questions at the right moment stimulates and invites the students to have a closer look, reinvestigate or revisit the problem. The teachers play various roles while asking the questions to continue the classroom discourse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate various roles of a high school teacher in a science classroom discourse. The study also pursued how these roles are related to the types of questions asked by the teacher during classroom communication. A framework, constructed by Chen and his colleagues, has been used to categorize types of teachers’ roles to find the relationship between the roles of the teachers and the types of questions asked in a science class. A case study has been presented in this report with observations from two high school level biology lessons. Both audio and video recording were deployed to capture the lessons as well as a notebook was maintained. These recordings have been transcribed for a qualitative data analysis. In this study, five types of questions have been observed in two biology lessons: concept, confirmation, remembering, challenging and encouraging. Furthermore, based on Chen and his colleagues Framework, only three roles of the teacher was found: dispenser, coach, and participant. The findings revealed that the concept, confirmation and remembering types of questions are related to the teacher role as dispenser, the challenging types of questions are related to the role as coach and encouraging type of questions are related to the teacher’s participant role. The teacher acted mostly as a dispenser in the classroom discourses. There were some rooms where the teacher might exercise more as a coach and participant to improve the classroom interaction. No connection between the content of the questions and the role of the teachers was found from the observations. Therefore, this study suggests that further research should be continued with a broader scope to analyze the teachers’ questioning roles, its relationship with the content of the questions and its impact to promote student learning.
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Keller, Chantal. "Question de confiance : communication sceptique entre Coq et des prouveurs externes." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00838322.
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Cette thèse présente une coopération entre l'assistant de preuve Coq et certains prouveurs externes basée sur l'utilisation de traces de preuves. Nous étudions plus particulièrement deux types de prouveurs pouvant renvoyer des certicats : d'une part, les réponses des prouveurs SAT et SMT peuvent être vériées en Coq afin d'augmenter à la fois la confiance qu'on peut leur porter et l'automatisation de Coq ; d'autre part, les théorèmes établis dans des assistants de preuves basés sur la Logique d'Ordre Supérieur peuvent être exportés en Coq et re-vérifiés, ce qui permet d'établir des preuves formelles mêlant ces deux paradigmes logiques. Cette étude a abouti à deux logiciels : SMTCoq, une coopération bi-directionnelle entre Coq et des prouveurs SAT/SMT, et HOLLIGHTCOQ, un outil important les théorèmes de HOL Light en Coq. L'architecture de chacun de ces deux développements a été pensée de manière modulaire et efficace, en établissant une séparation claire entre trois composants: un encodage en Coq du formalisme de l'outil externe qui est ensuite traduit avec soin vers des termes Coq, un vérificateur certifié pour établir les preuves, et un pré-processeur écrit en Ocaml traduisant les traces venant de prouveurs différents dans le même format de certicat. Grâce à cette séparation, un changement dans le format de traces n'affecte que le pré-processeur, sans qu'il soit besoin de modier du code ou des preuves Coq. Un autre composant essentiel pour l'efficacité et la modularité est la réflexion calculatoire, qui utilise les capacités de calcul de Coq pour établir des preuves à la fois courtes et génériques à partir des certificats.
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Roberts, Camille. "An experimental investigation into the impact of crisis response strategies and relationship history on relationship quality and corporate credibility." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003012.
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Vale, Pamela. "Describing the relationship between the cognitive and linguistic complexity of a mathematical literacy examination and types of student errors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001774.
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Much prior research has shown that if students have a poor command of the language in which they are taught and assessed, they experience a complex and deep learning disadvantage (Barton & Neville-Barton, 2003). Abedi (2006) mentions, in particular, that unnecessary linguistic complexity can threaten the validity of examination items and thus compromises the fairness of the assessment for English language learners. In Clarkson’s (1991, p. 31) research it was found that for the English language learners in the study “comprehension errors [made] up a high proportion of the errors made when…students attempt[ed] to solve mathematical word problems”. In an attempt to explore whether this was the case for a group of National Certificate (Vocational) [NC(V)] students at an FET college, the research conducted in this study focused on describing the cognitive and linguistic complexity of Level 4 Mathematical Literacy examination items as well as the types of responses from a sample of students. A mixed-methods case study design was selected. Student errors were classified as either due to mathematical literacy-related sources, or language-related sources and the question was asked as to how the cognitive and linguistic complexity of items might be related to the types of errors made. Statistically significant correlations were found between the linguistic complexity of items and language-related errors, and between the cognitive complexity of items and all types of errors. It was also possible to identify which language features, in particular, were statistically significantly correlated with linguistic complexity, namely: prepositional phrases; words of 7 letters or more and complex/compound sentences. As was expected, the majority of errors were categorised as mathematical literacy-related. However, as many as 19.22% of all errors made were identified as language-related. While the scope of the study prevents any generalisations from being made, the results indicate a need for a larger-scale study of this nature to determine if the complex and deep learning disadvantage mentioned by Barton and Neville-Barton (2003) does exist with regard to the assessment of Mathematical Literacy for NC(V) students who are English language learners (Barton & Neville-Barton, 2003).
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Ask, Hanna, and Kenneth Söderman. "Spelkomponenter i World of Warcraft : En undersökning om vilka spelkomponenter som är viktigast för spelaren i MMORPG-spelet World of Warcraft." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18103.
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We have chosen to focus this paper on the importance of game-components in the MMORPG-game World of Warcraft, in order to discover which of them who are the most important and create the biggest motivation to play the game for the players of World of Warcraft. We made this investigation because we wanted to find out more about the specific reasons about what people think is especially great with World of Warcraft and makes them want to play it for hour after hour. By doing this we wanted to find out what it is that is so appreciated with this game. But this is a big area and it has therefore been difficult to find a way to satisfy and make those who have answered on our survey to feel that the game-component they enjoy most has been a part of our questions. To solve this problem we did a survey that included 200 persons and two interviews. When both the survey and the interviews had been completed, the result was being compared against each other and together to see if there was any difference between them or if they had any similarity to the attraction and motivation. This comparison was done with two theories and one model there was made for game designing. After going through the result we managed to find out that there isn’t a big difference between what attracts and what motivates a player. Our methods showed that most of the players in World of Warcraft play the game to maintain their social network that they have built up for some time. This reason was both the strongest attraction and the most important motivation to play the game. The konwledge we gained from our studie could be used by the game-creators to see which components that is of certain interest of the player. By this the creators (in this case Blizzard) could focus on making these components even better and making the player appreciate the game more.
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Gustavsson, Lennart. "Language taught and language used : dialogue processes in dyadic lessons of Swedish as a second language compared with non-didactic conversations." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Kommunikation, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-35339.
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The purpose of the research reported in this monograph has been twofold. First, it aims at contributing to an inquiry of the ways in which language and context are intertwined. Second, it aims at giving a characterization of a specific communicative event, second language teaching. The study starts out from a broad social-theoretical perspective, inspired by language game theory and ethnomethodology, as well as Goffman's (1974) 'frame analysis' and the work of Ragnar Rommetveit (1974, 1987). Levinson's (1979) notion 'activity type' is used in exploring how relevance criteria and frames of interpretation vary with the context of the activity in which language is used. The empirical material for the study consists of eight dyadic lessons of Swedish as a second language in grades 4-6 of the Swedish comprehensive, compulsory school. As material for comparison, the pupils, 10-12 year old boys from the Middle East, also participate in two non-didactic conversations around tasks defined by the research team, one together with his teacher of Swedish, one together with a class-mate of his. The first of the three empirical studies is a qualitative, discursive analysis of salient dialogue processes in language teaching activities. Abrupt shifts and breaks in the dialogue, misunderstandings, and lack of tuning between the conversational parties are interpreted as results of a tension between language at two levels in the language lesson. The dialogue in the language lessons of the corpus is characterized by an ambivalence between two perspectives on language, the ordinary, everyday perspective on language as a means for constructing and conveying messages versus the 'level 2 perspective', where language is seen as anabstract system of decontextualized linguistic items. The two other empirical studies are quantitatively oriented. In the first of these, important differences in dialogue processes, concerning dynamics, coherence and fluency are found between the lessons and the non-didactic conversations, as well as between different activities within the confines of a lesson. One of the most important results is that the teacher's interactional dominance seems to be systematically related to the content of lesson activities. The results of the last study suggest that in lessons, and especially language lessons proper, the pupil is givenfewer opportunities for talking and, also, that he refrains from taking the opportunities actually given to him. The main significance of the research is the demonstration of the dynamic character of linguistic communication and of the way in which linguistic meaning is the product of utterances being embedded in activities on which activity-specific premisses for communication are brought to bear. Also, the second language teaching situation is characterized as connected with particular communicative practices that are imbued with a certain degree of ambivalence and ambiguity.
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Erkendal, Linn. "Användartyper i Hjälpforum : En explorativ analys av användarbeteende och kommunikation i Hjälpforum för svt.se och SVT Play." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19634.
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Denna explorativa studie analyserar gemensamma och differentiella mönster för kommunikation och beteende hos användare i Hjälpforum. Målet med studien är att kartlägga aktiva användartyper med syfte att ge SVT kunskap om Hjälpforumets användare. Om forumadministratörer har mer kunskap om användarna i Hjälpforum kan de anpassa sin kommunikation utifrån användarnas individuella behov och öka deras förmåga att bidra med mer kvalitativ återkoppling. Detta kan i sin tur bidra till en positivare inställning och ökat förtroende hos användare i Hjälpforum. I denna studie kunde fem användartyper kartläggas i Hjälpforum med stöd av egen empiri och tidigare forskning. Nybörjare utgör främsta användartypen i Hjälpforum och SVT bör därför tillgodose deras behov för att eventuellt minska antalet nya användarinlägg. Dessutom kunde denna studie med hjälp av lämpliga databearbetningsverktyg kartlägga, en för tillfället, okänd användartyp i Hjälpforum utifrån ovanliga mönster i beteende och kommunikation vilket kan vara intressant för vidare analys. Studien presenterar förslag på hur resultatet kan användas för att skapa riktlinjer för framtida kommunikation och utveckling av Hjälpforum och SVT:s webbplats.This exploratory study analyzes the common and differential patterns of communication and behavior of users in Help Forum. The goal of the study is to map the active user types with the aim of providing SVT knowledge of the Help Forum users. If the forum administrators have more knowledge of the users in the forum, they can adapt their communication based on the individual needs and enhance their ability to contribute more qualitative feedback. This may in turn contribute to a more positive attitude and greater confidence among users in Help Forum. In this study, five types of users could be identified in the Forum with the support of its own empirical data and previous research. Beginners are primary user type in the forum and SVT should cater to their needs in order to possibly reduce the number of new user posts. Furthermore, this study using appropriate data processing tool map, one for the moment, unknown user type in the forum by unusual patterns of behavior and communication which may be of interest for further analysis. The study presents suggestions on how the results can be used to create guidelines for future communication and development of Help Forum and SVT's website.
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Brorsson, Charlotta, and Emelie Lorin. "Attityder till hållbarhet : en kvantitativ studie av ett modeföretags kunder." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16820.
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Medvetenheten kring hållbarhet har ökat och blivit allt viktigare både för kunder men också för samhället i stort. Därför har också vikten för företag att kommunicera sitt hållbarhetsarbete ökat. För att möta kundernas behov bör man därför som företag veta vilka attityder till, och vilken typ av hållbarhetsarbete som kunderna vill ha och förväntar sig. Detta är inte minst viktigt för modeföretag då branschen kännetecknas av ökad konsumtion och snabbare trender men samtidigt står inför globala och miljömässiga utmaningar. Syftet med studien är att erhålla ökad kunskap om modekunders attityder till hållbarhet i textilbranschen generellt och kunder till företaget Monki specifikt, samt att undersöka hur dessa kunder vill ta till sig hållbarhetskommunikation. Utifrån syftet och Monkis intresse ämnar studien att besvara frågan om vilka attityder Monkis kunder har till hållbarhet och om deras attityder skiljer sig gentemot andra modekunders attityder. Studien avser också att besvara hur kunderna vill ta till sig hållbarhetskommunikation och om det finns attitydskillnader till hållbarhet inom Monkis kundgrupp. Empirin som verkar som underlag till analysen vilken i sin tur ämnar uppnå syftet, är insamlad med hjälp av enkäter vilka totalt 100 respondenter besvarat. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med utgångspunkt ifrån den teoretiska referensramen som behandlar områdena; attityder, modekonsumenter samt grön marknadsföring. Resultatet från enkätstudien visar att samtliga respondenter är relativt enstämmiga i dess attityder till hållbarhet, dock är Monkis kunder något mer skeptiska till textilföretagens hållbarhetsarbete och har i något större grad än övriga kunder en önskan om att textilföretag skall arbeta mer för hållbarhet än de gör idag. Resultatet visade också att kunskaperna i ämnet är spridda hos respondenterna generellt och gällande hållbarhetskommunikation var respondenterna mest intresserade av att få information av den karaktären kommunicerat via bilder och visuella intryck från företagens butiker. Studiens slutsatser är att det finns en viss skillnad mellan Monkikundernas attityder till hållbarhet och övriga kunders. Det gick också att urskilja olika kundtyper inom Monkis kundgrupp som hade olika attityder. Utifrån studiens empiri, analys och slutsatser togs det fram rekommendationer till Monkis fortsatta hållbarhetsarbete, men också till modeföretag generellt gällande hållbarhetskommunikation. Dessa var att agera tydligt och förklarande via visuell hållbarhetskommunikation genom företagets butiker. The awareness of sustainability has grown and become increasingly important both for customers but also for the society at large. Because of this, the importance for companies to communicate their sustainability efforts has become essential. To meet the customers’ needs the companies have to determine which attitudes their customers have to sustainability and also which types of sustainability effort that is expected. This is particularly important for fashion companies since the textile industry are characterized by increased consumption and fast-fashion but at the same time facing global and environmental challenges. The purpose of this study is to obtain more knowledge about fashion consumers’ attitudes towards sustainability in the textile business in general and consumer to the fashion company Monki in specific and also to explore how these customers prefer to acquire sustainability communication. Based on the purpose and Monkis interest the study tends to answer questions such as which attitudes towards sustainability Monkis consumers have and how they differ from other fashion consumers’ attitudes and also how the consumer wishes to acquire sustainability communication. The study also intends to answer if there are differences in attitudes within Monkis customer group. The empiric that acts as a basis for the analysis, which in turn intends to achieve the purpose, was gathered using surveys, which a total of 100 respondents answered. The collected empirical data has been analysed on the basis of the theoretical framework, which covers the areas of: attitudes, fashion consumers and green marketing. The result of the survey show that all respondents are fairly united in their attitudes to sustainability, however the result also showed that Monkis customers where more sceptical of the fashion companies sustainability efforts today and had a greater desire that the companies would work more with sustainability. The result also showed that the knowledge of sustainability was scattered among the respondents, and if sustainability communication was used the respondents preferred to receive the information visual through images from the companies stores. The conclusion of the study was that there was a difference between Monkis customers’ attitudes and other customers’ attitudes to sustainability. It was also possible to distinguish that different customer types within Monkis customers group had different attitudes. Based on the study´s empirical data, analysis and conclusion there were made a few recommendations to Monkis future sustainability effort, but also to textile companies in general concerning sustainability communication. These were to communicate clearly and explanatory via visually concepts through their stores.Program: Textilekonomutbildningen
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Marty, Emmanuel. "Journalismes, discours et publics : une approche comparative de trois types de presse, de la production à la réception de l'information." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542750.
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La Presse Quotidienne Nationale (PQN), historiquement presse de référence, se trouve aujourd'hui face à des difficultés économiques, traduites et aggravées par l'émergence de nouveaux modèles journalistiques, tels que ceux de la Presse Quotidienne Gratuite (PQG) et de la Presse Indépendante en Ligne (PIL). Cette reconfiguration du paysage médiatique soulève des questions à la fois économiques pour les entreprises de presse et démocratiques pour les citoyens. Il s'agit alors de comprendre le fonctionnement de ces trois types de presse : la PQN, dont le modèle est fondé sur un équilibre entre adaptation au lecteur et à l'annonceur ; la PQG, tournée vers l'élaboration d'un produit presse industrialisé financé exclusivement par les annonceurs ; la PIL, se voulant avant tout une alternative éditoriale à une presse historique considérée comme défaillante. A travers les notions de système médiatique, de contrat de communication et de cadres d'interprétation du monde social, l'enjeu de ce travail est de saisir en quoi les conditions de production du discours journalistique, ses formes discursives et ses modes d'appréhension en réception peuvent être interdépendants. Appliquée au discours d'actualité sur les ressources énergétiques (hausse du prix du pétrole et projet de loi dit « taxe carbone »), cette étude est donc avant tout comparative. Elle se propose d'articuler les dimensions socio-économiques de la production journalistique des trois types de presse précités, l'analyse linguistique de leurs produits discursifs respectifs et l'étude expérimentale de leur réception par des lecteurs préalablement caractérisés.
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Almeida, Matos Anna Gualdina. "Typage du flux d'information sur déclassification et mobilité." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1341.
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Nous nous intéressons au sujet de la confidentialité et de la déclassification. Nous étudions en particulier l'usage d'un système de types et d'effets pour assurer de manière statique des politiques de sécurité flexibles pour un langage d'ordre supérieur impératif avec concurrence. Une méthodologie générale pour définir et prouver la correction du système de types et d'effets pour de telles propriétés est présentée. Nous considérons deux points principaux :– La question de trouver un mécanisme flexible de contrôle d'information qui permet la déclassification. Notre mécanisme de déclassification prend la forme d'une déclaration de politique locale de flux qui implémente une politique locale de flux d'information. – La question jusqu'ici inexplorée de contrôler les flux d'information dans un environnement global. Notre modèle de réseau, qui généralise l'environnement global, inclut une notion de domaine et une primitive de migration standard pour le code et les ressources. De nouvelles formes de perte d'information, introduites par la mobilité du code, sont révélées. Dans les deux cas mentionnés ci-dessus, pour prendre en compte les politiques de flux globales nous introduisons des généralisations de la non-interférence, qui sont nommées non-divulgation et non-divulgation pour les réseaux. Ces généralisations sont obtenues à l'aide d'une représentation concrète des treillis de sécurité, où les nivaux de confidentialité sont des ensembles de principaux, semblables à des listes de contrôle d'accèsWe adress the issue of confidentiality and declassification in a language-based security approach. We study in particular the use of refined type and effect systems for staticallsy enforcing flexibale information flow policies over imperative higher – order languages with concurrrency. A general methodology for defining and proving the soundness of the type and effect system with respect to such properties is presented. We consider two main topics :- the long standing issue of finding a flexible information control mechanism that enables declassification. Our declassification mechanism takes the form of a local flow policy declaration that implements a local information flow policy- the largely unexplored topic of controlling information flow in a global computing setting, our network model, which naturally generalizeq the local setting, includes a notion of a domain and a standard migration primitive for code and resources. New forms of security leaks that are introduced by code mobility are revealed. In both the above settings, to take into account dynamic flow policies we introduce generalizatios of non-interference respectively named the « non disclosure « and » non disclosure for networks » for policies. Their implementation is supported by a concrete presentation of the security lattice where confidentiality levels are sets of principals , similar to acces control lists
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Verhaegen, Frédéric. "Psychopathologie cognitive des processus intentionnels schizophréniques dans l'interaction verbale." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21016/document.
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Our purpose is to provide a pragmatic and dialogical model allowing to bring to light, in a "decisive manner", discontinuities which appear in verbal interaction. We discuss the relationship between such discontinuities and possible syndromic specificities of schizophrenic pathology and then the question of inconsistency. We control the influence of antipsychotic drugs on the expression of symptoms as expressed in verbal interaction. This research contributes to describe communication disorders more precisely by developing the concept of "pragmatic pathology". These models of apprehension of discontinuity that we propose turn out to be particularly discriminating when one compares the coherence of the "pathological conversations" with that of the "normal conversations". These models also prove to be useful in accounting for certain specificities associated with coherence of the discursive and dialogical production among the patients inside each of the two diagnostic categories of schizophrenia (paranoid vs disorganized). Finally, our results underline the interest of take into account the antipsychotic treatment variable and its influence on the dialogical behavior and on the complex cognitive processes in the studies about this pathology. Taking into account such a variable will make it possible to discuss the specificities of the cognitive processes connected to the disorders. From a diagnostic point of view, the development of a model of apprehension of the discontinuity suggests the possibility of making operational the concept of "Formal Thought Disorders". This strategy would lead us too set up the early beginnings of a new type of psychopathological theoriesL'auteur se propose d'appréhender et de catégoriser les spécificités des manifestations langagières, discursives et dialogiques de patients schizophrènes dans l'interaction verbale. Nous élaborons des modèles pragmatique et dialogique permettant de mettre au jour le plus objectivement possible les discontinuités qui jalonnent le discours schizophrénique en développant la notion de "pathologie pragmatique". Ces modèles sont confrontés aux spécificités syndromiques de la pathologie schizophrénique tout en contrôlant l'impact des antipsychotiques et leur répercussion sur les spécificités mises au jour. Ces modèles sont particulièrement discrimants pour rendre compte des spécificités associées à la cohérence de la production discursive et dialogique de patients schizophrènes de sous-type clinique paranoïde et désorganisé. L'utilisation des antipsychotiques en tant qu'outils d'investigation se révèle pertinente pour explorer la nature des processus cognitifs élémentaires et complexes intriqués aux troubles. Ces recherches contribuent ainsi à l'élaboration d'instruments diagnostiques qui viennent discuter et compléter les critères utilisés classiquement dans les différentes classifications et laissent entrevoir la possibilité d'opérationnaliser la notion de "Troubles Formels de la Pensée". Ce genre d'investigations permet d'interroger d'autres courants épistémologiques et théoriques contemporains dans la littérature scientifique psychologique ou cognitive, de sorte qu'on parvienne, à plus ou moins long terme, à "d'autres" modèles explicatifs ou interprétatifs des troubles mentaux, voire à poser les prémices d'un nouveau type de théorisation en psychopathologie
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Salgues, Bruno. "Selon les types de contextes culturels, quelles sont les stratégies et quelles modélisations de l'appropriation des technologies de l'information et de la communication ? : le téléphone mobile est-il un dispositif issu d’une culture de la mondialisation." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100113.
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Selon les types de contextes culturels, quelles sont les stratégies et quelles modélisations de l'appropriation des technologies de l'information et de la communication ? Ou encore, le téléphone mobile est-il un dispositif issu d’une culture de la mondialisation ? Ces deux questions de départ peuvent être résumées par une autre : quelle est la raison du succès du cellulaire en dépit des antagonismes et des affiliations culturelles ? Elle résulte du rapide constat que nous préciserons ultérieurement, qui fait que plus de trois humains sur quatre sur la planète disposent d’un téléphone mobile. Ce dernier est devenu un produit global par excellence, d’Est en Ouest ou du Sud au Nord. La vision de la technologie initiale est différente de l’usage actuel. Les modèles d’adoption de l’innovation sont remis en cause et se caractérisent bien par l’avantage relatif, la compatibilité la complexité, l’expérimentabilité, l’observabilité. L’ambivalence de la notion de marché dans le cas des mobiles est un élément précisé dans cette thèse en parallèle avec le comportement du consommateur et ses niveaux : besoins, désirs, attentes, demandes. Le cellulaire crée de nouvelles normes matérielles, spirituelles, intellectuelles et affectives comme par exemple la dépendance. Cet appareil devient un dispositif au sens de Agamben situé dans la mondialisation. Il définit de nouveaux comportements, de nouveaux usages et de nouvelles relations de pouvoir. Le téléphone mobile est un élément de l’identité celui qui l’utiliseAccording to the cultural contexts types, which are strategic planning’s and which are modeling’s of the appropriation of communication and information technologies? Are mobile phone devices resulting from a culture from globalization? These two starting questions can be summarized by another: which is the reason of the success of cellular in spite of antagonisms and the cultural affiliations? It results from the fast report that we will specify later on, wl1o makes that more than three huma11 out of four on the world are mobile phone users. This product became totally global; either from West to East or from the South in North. The initial vision of technology is different from the current use. Adoption of innovation models are called into question and are characterized well by the relative advantage, compatibility complexity, experimentability, observability. The ambivalence of marketing concept in the case of the mobiles is an element specified in this thesis in parallel with the consumer behavior and its levels: needs, desires, waitings, requests. The cellular one creates new standards material, spiritual, intellectual and emotional such as for example the dependence. This object becomes, through the Agamben meaning, located inside globalization. It defines new behaviors, new uses and new power relations. The mobile phone is an element of the identity of each user
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Nováková, Ivana. "Sociálne siete v komunikačnej stratégii firmy Styllmed." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124633.
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This diploma thesis deals with usage of social networks in company communication strategy. It introduces the most popular and most used social networks in Czech and Slovak republic. It also characterizes the types of social networks users. In the end these informations are being used for proposing/making better of the communication strategy of actual company.