Academic literature on the topic 'Kinematic bicycle model'

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Journal articles on the topic "Kinematic bicycle model"

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Zhao, Yan-Jiang, Ze-Hua Liu, Yong-De Zhang, and Zhi-Qing Liu. "Kinematic model and its parameter identification for cannula flexible needle insertion into soft tissue." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 6 (June 2019): 168781401985218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019852185.

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In minimally invasive surgery, flexible needle insertion is a popular application which has been extensively researched. However, needle steering is challenging for a bevel tip cannula flexible needle due to the nonholonomic constraints and the rebounds of the needle shaft when the needle tip is reoriented. We proposed a novel kinematic model for the bevel tip cannula flexible needle based on bicycle and unicycle models, taking consideration of the deflection of the bevel tip and the rebounds of the needle shaft. Aiming at different types of paths, forward kinematics of the model was analyzed and calculated. Each parameter of the kinematic models was identified based on the experimental data using the least square method. Furthermore, the changing rules of parameters were explored under different angles of the bevel tip. The experimental results show that the errors of the proposed kinematic models are within 2 mm, which is greatly reduced compared to the traditional bicycle or unicycle model, and fulfill a general clinical surgery.
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Shyu, Jenq Huey, I. Tsung Lai, Ta Chang, Yun Cheng Wang, and Ta Wei Lin. "Research of the Joint Workspaces and Kinematic Efficiency of Man-Machine Systems of Bicycles." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.13.

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Bicycle design largely contradicts human motion, necessitating consideration of both the bicycle structure and the kinematic efficiency in the dimensions of the rider’s limbs, as well as human factor engineering, i.e. comfortability. By focusing on the kinematic model of 5-bar linkage and joints workspace, this study examines the most appropriate bicycle design and the riding posture to ensure that muscles can produce the effective moment and increase driving efficiency of a crank necessary. For upright, racing and recumbent bicycle types, assumptions are made regarding mobility analysis and the system of man-machine systems of bicycles estimated as well. Simulation results can identify the major dimensions of bicycle designing for different riders efficiently by inputting physical measurements of the rider and the angle range of driving force, subsequently increasing the riding efficiency to decrease the load of lower limbs of riders and satisfying ergonomic requirements of bicycle riders.
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Matute, Jose A., Mauricio Marcano, Sergio Diaz, and Joshue Perez. "Experimental Validation of a Kinematic Bicycle Model Predictive Control with Lateral Acceleration Consideration." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 8 (2019): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.08.085.

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Fahlstedt, Madelen, Fady Abayazid, Matthew B. Panzer, Antonia Trotta, Wei Zhao, Mazdak Ghajari, Michael D. Gilchrist, et al. "Ranking and Rating Bicycle Helmet Safety Performance in Oblique Impacts Using Eight Different Brain Injury Models." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 49, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 1097–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02703-w.

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AbstractBicycle helmets are shown to offer protection against head injuries. Rating methods and test standards are used to evaluate different helmet designs and safety performance. Both strain-based injury criteria obtained from finite element brain injury models and metrics derived from global kinematic responses can be used to evaluate helmet safety performance. Little is known about how different injury models or injury metrics would rank and rate different helmets. The objective of this study was to determine how eight brain models and eight metrics based on global kinematics rank and rate a large number of bicycle helmets (n=17) subjected to oblique impacts. The results showed that the ranking and rating are influenced by the choice of model and metric. Kendall’s tau varied between 0.50 and 0.95 when the ranking was based on maximum principal strain from brain models. One specific helmet was rated as 2-star when using one brain model but as 4-star by another model. This could cause confusion for consumers rather than inform them of the relative safety performance of a helmet. Therefore, we suggest that the biomechanics community should create a norm or recommendation for future ranking and rating methods.
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Fregly, Benjamin J., Felix E. Zajac, and Christine A. Dairaghi. "Bicycle Drive System Dynamics: Theory and Experimental Validation." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 122, no. 4 (March 22, 2000): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286678.

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Bicycle pedaling has been studied from both a motor control and an equipment setup and design perspective. In both cases, although the dynamics of the bicycle drive system may have an influence on the results, a thorough understanding of the dynamics has not been developed. This study pursued three objectives related to developing such an understanding. The first was to identify the limitations of the inertial/frictional drive system model commonly used in the literature. The second was to investigate the advantages of an inertial/frictional/compliant model. The final objective was to use these models to develop a methodology for configuring a laboratory ergometer to emulate the drive system dynamics of road riding. Experimental data collected from the resulting road-riding emulator and from a standard ergometer confirmed that the inertial/frictional model is adequate for most studies of road-riding mechanics or pedaling coordination. However, the compliant model was needed to reproduce the phase shift in crank angle variations observed experimentally when emulating the high inertia of road riding. This finding may be significant for equipment setup and design studies where crank kinematic variations are important or for motor control studies where fine control issues are of interest. [S0148-0731(00)02004-5]
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Yavin, Y. "The derivation of a kinematic model from the dynamic model of the motion of a riderless bicycle." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 51, no. 6-7 (March 2006): 865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2005.11.026.

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Darzian Rostami, Alireza, Anagha Katthe, Aryan Sohrabi, and Arash Jahangiri. "Predicting Critical Bicycle-Vehicle Conflicts at Signalized Intersections." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8816616.

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Continuous development of urban infrastructure with a focus on sustainable transportation has led to a proliferation of vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as bicyclists and pedestrians, at intersections. Intersection safety evaluation has primarily relied on historical crash data. However, due to several limitations, including rarity, unpredictability, and irregularity of crash occurrences, quantitative and qualitative analyses of crashes may not be accurate. To transcend these limitations, intersection safety can be proactively evaluated by quantifying near-crashes using alternative measures known as surrogate safety measures (SSMs). This study focuses on developing models to predict critical near-crashes between vehicles and bicycles at intersections based on SSMs and kinematic data. Video data from ten signalized intersections in the city of San Diego were employed to train logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) models. A variation of time-to-collision called T2 and postencroachment time (PET) were used to specify monitoring periods and to identify critical near-crashes, respectively. Four scenarios were created using two thresholds of 5 and 3 s for both PET and T2. In each scenario, five monitoring period lengths were examined. The RF model was superior compared to other models in all different scenarios and across different monitoring period lengths. The results also showed a small trade-off between model performance and monitoring period length, identifying models with monitoring period lengths of 10 and 20 frames performed slightly better than those with lower or higher lengths. Sequential backward and forward feature selection methods were also applied that enhanced model performance. The best RF model had recall values of 85% or higher across all scenarios. Also, RF prediction models performed better when considering just the rear-end near-crashes with recalls of above 90%.
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Neptune, R. R., and M. L. Hull. "Evaluation of Performance Criteria for Simulation of Submaximal Steady-State Cycling Using a Forward Dynamic Model." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2797999.

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The objectives of this study were twofold. The first was to develop a forward dynamic model of cycling and an optimization framework to simulate pedaling during submaximal steady-state cycling conditions. The second was to use the model and framework to identify the kinetic, kinematic, and muscle timing quantities that should be included in a performance criterion to reproduce natural pedaling mechanics best during these pedaling conditions. To make this identification, kinetic and kinematic data were collected from 6 subjects who pedaled at 90 rpm and 225 W. Intersegmental joint moments were computed using an inverse dynamics technique and the muscle excitation onset and offset were taken from electromyographic (EMG) data collected previously (Neptune et al., 1997). Average cycles and their standard deviations for the various quantities were used to describe normal pedaling mechanics. The model of the bicycle-rider system was driven by 15 muscle actuators per leg. The optimization framework determined both the timing and magnitude of the muscle excitations to simulate pedaling at 90 rpm and 225 W. Using the model and optimization framework, seven performance criteria were evaluated. The criterion that included all of the kinematic and kinetic quantities combined with the EMG timing was the most successful in replicating the experimental data. The close agreement between the simulation results and the experimentally collected kinetic, kinematic, and EMG data gives confidence in the model to investigate individual muscle coordination during submaximal steady-state pedaling conditions from a theoretical perspective, which to date has only been performed experimentally.
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Gao, Wenrui, Zhonghao Bai, Feng Zhu, Clifford C. Chou, and Binhui Jiang. "A study on the cyclist head kinematic responses in electric-bicycle-to-car accidents using decision-tree model." Accident Analysis & Prevention 160 (September 2021): 106305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106305.

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Carriere, Jay, Mohsen Khadem, Carlos Rossa, Nawaid Usmani, Ronald Sloboda, and Mahdi Tavakoli. "Event-Triggered 3D Needle Control Using a Reduced-Order Computationally Efficient Bicycle Model in a Constrained Optimization Framework." Journal of Medical Robotics Research 04, no. 01 (March 2019): 1842004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424905x18420047.

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Long flexible needles used in percutaneous procedures such as biopsy and brachytherapy deflect during insertion, thus reducing needle tip placement accuracy. This paper presents a surgeon-in-the-loop system to automatically steer the needle during manual insertion and compensate for needle deflection using an event-triggered controller. A reduced-order kinematic bicycle model incorporating needle tip measurement data from ultrasound images is used to determine steering actions required to minimize needle deflection. To this end, an analytic solution to the reduced-order bicycle model, which is shown to be more computationally efficient than a discrete-step implementation of the same model, is derived and utilized for needle tip trajectory prediction. These needle tip trajectory predictions are used online to optimize the insertion depths (event-trigger points) for steering actions such that needle deflection is minimized. The use of the analytic model and the event-triggered controller also allows for limiting the number and extent of needle rotations (to reduce tissue trauma) in a constrained optimization framework. The system was tested experimentally in three different ex-vivo tissue phantoms with a surgeon-in-the-loop needle insertion device. The proposed needle steering controller was shown to keep the average needle deflection within 0.47 [Formula: see text] 0.21[Formula: see text]mm at the final insertion depth of 120[Formula: see text]mm.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kinematic bicycle model"

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Vara-Cadillo, Gabriel. "Autonomous Car Overtake Using Model Predictive Control." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293818.

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Autonomous vehicles have in recent years grownin popularity. An autonomous car has the potential to safelymaneuver in an efficient manner. This in combination with thefocus on increased road safety has put higher emphasis onimplementing an overtaking controller. Model Predictive Control(MPC) is very useful because it can handle linear constraintsand works for autonomous driving. I implemented the controlsystem in Python and did tests on its overtake capability usingdifferent velocities, car distances and initial speeds. Constraintswere implemented so that the autonomous vehicle did not collidewith another vehicle or drive outside the road when overtaking.The results show that a safe overtake could be performed undercertain conditions. The MPC algorithm is proven useful butdifficult to optimize.
Autonoma fordon har lyckats locka till sig mer populäritet under de senaste åren. En autonom bil har möjligheten att manövrera på ett säkert och effektivt sätt. Detta i kombination med ett fokus att öka vägsäkerheten har lagt större press på att implementera reglersystem för omkörningar. Modell prediktiv reglering (MPC) är användbar för den kan hantera linjära bivillkor och fungerar till autonomon körning. Ett reglersystem är implementerat i Python och testades på sin omkörningförmåga med olika hastigheter, avstånd och begynnelse hastigheter. Implementationen utformades med bivillkor som att det autonoma fordonet inte ska krocka med ett annat fordon eller köra utanför vägen i en omkörning. Resultaten visar att det gick att köra om på ett säkert sätt med vissa förutsättningar. MPC algoritmen har visat sig användbar men svår att optimera.
Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm
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Conference papers on the topic "Kinematic bicycle model"

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Ailon, Amit, and Shai Arogeti. "Trajectory Tracking Control for a Kinematic Bicycle Model." In 2020 28th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med48518.2020.9183161.

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Polack, Philip, Florent Altche, Brigitte d'Andrea-Novel, and Arnaud de La Fortelle. "The kinematic bicycle model: A consistent model for planning feasible trajectories for autonomous vehicles?" In 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2017.7995816.

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Peterson, Dale L., and Mont Hubbard. "General Steady Turning of a Benchmark Bicycle Model." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86145.

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We analyze general steady turns of a benchmark bicycle model in the case of nonzero applied steer torque. In a general steady turn, the lean and steer angles are constant, the velocity of the bicycle must ensure moment balance about the contact line, and some torque must be applied to maintain the constant steer angle. We identify two boundaries in lean–steer plane: first, the region of kinematic feasibility, and second, the region where steady turns are feasible. In the region of feasible steady turns, we present level curves of these steady turning velocities and steer torques. Additionally, we present level curves of mechanical trail in the lean–steer plane.
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Polack, Philip, Florent Altche, Brigitte D'Andrea-Novel, and Arnaud de La Fortelle. "Guaranteeing Consistency in a Motion Planning and Control Architecture Using a Kinematic Bicycle Model." In 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8430886.

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Anubi, Olugbenga M., and Carl D. Crane. "Vehicle Roll Stabilization Enhancement Using a Variable Stiffness Architecture: Kinematic Control." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3829.

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A variable stiffness architecture is used in the suspension system to counteract the body roll moment, thereby enhancing the roll stability of the vehicle. The variation of stiffness concept uses the “reciprocal actuation” to effectively transfer energy between a vertical traditional strut and a horizontal oscillating control mass, thereby improving the energy dissipation of the overall suspension. The lateral dynamics of the system is developed using a bicycle model. The accompanying roll dynamics are also developed and validated using experimental data. The positions of the left and right control masses are optimally allocated to reduce the effective body roll and roll rate. Simulation results show that the resulting variable stiffness suspension system has more than 50% improvement in roll response over the traditional constant stiffness counterparts. The simulation scenarios examined is the fishhook maneuver.
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Ai-Buraiki, Omar, and Mohammed Bin Thabit. "Model predictive control design approach for autonomous bicycle kinematics stabilization." In 2014 22nd Mediterranean Conference of Control and Automation (MED). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2014.6961401.

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Ng, K. M., S. A. C. Abdullah, A. Ahmad, and J. Johari. "Implementation of Kinematics Bicycle Model for Vehicle Localization using Android Sensors." In 2020 11th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgrc49013.2020.9232453.

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Redfield, Robin C. "Planar, Large Excursion Bond Graph Model for Full Suspension Mountain Biking." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81334.

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A bond graph model of a fully suspended mountain bike and non-seated rider is created to develop predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during large excursion maneuvers such as drops, jumps, crashes, and rough terrain riding. The model assumes planar dynamics, a single pivot full suspension bicycle, and a rigid-body rider suspended from the bicycle. The main frame, front fork, rear triangle, two wheels, and rider are modeled as separate bodies interconnected at the main pivot, telescoping fork, pedals, handlebars, and axles. Suspensions are between the main frame and front fork, main frame and rear triangle, handlebars and rider (arms) and pedals and rider (legs). An algorithm is used to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. Significant excursions of motion are allowed to model major slope changes, separations from the ground, and large rotational events (endos). The bond graph approach allows kinematics to drive the significant dynamic interactions with the effort (force and torque) relationships being derived for “free”. Simulations of a ground profile with a rise followed by a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Rider strategies for negotiating the drop are examined in the process. Overarching goals of the research are to examine and understand the dynamics and control of interactions between a cyclist and mountain bike. Specific, longer term, goals are to understand the improvement in performance afforded by an experienced rider, to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform maneuvers well and safely, to predict structural bike and body forces from these maneuvers, and to quantify performance differences between hard-tail and various full suspension bicycles.
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