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Jones, Erika. "Kinesics : kroppsspråk i möbler." Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-3623.
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I have always been told that form follows function. But does it have to be that way? I decided to see it from another angle. Kinesics is a term form non verbal komunication. In my thesis project I have been working with body language in furniture. I believe that furniture, just like us, has an expression and a character. We often tend to desccribe furniture with the same words as we describe people, for example: "A relaxed chair" or "a cocky table". I wanted to exaggerate the expression by applying body language to my furniture and make them become something more than just a function. I wanted to give them a character and bring them to life.
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Meservy, Thomas Oliver. "Augmenting Human Intellect: Automatic Recognition of Nonverbal Behavior with Application in Deception Detection." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194056.
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Humans have long sought to use technology to augment human abilities and intellect. However, technology is traditionally employed only to create speedier solutions or more-rapid comprehension. A more challenging endeavor is to enable humans with technology to gain additional or enhanced comprehension that may not be possible to acquire otherwise. One such application is the use of technology to augment human abilities in detecting deception using nonverbal cues. Detecting deception is often critical, whether an individual is communicating with a close friend, negotiating a business deal, or screening individuals at a security checkpoint.The detection of deception is a challenging endeavor. A variety of studies have shown that humans have a hard time accurately discriminating deception from truth, and only do so slightly better than chance. Several deception detection methods exist; however, most of these are invasive and require a controlled environment.This dissertation presents a technological approach to detecting deception based on kinesic (i.e., movement-based) and vocalic (i.e., sounds associated with the voice) cues that is firmly grounded in deception theory and past empirical studies. This noninvasive approach overcomes some of the weaknesses of other deception detection methods as it can be used in a natural environment without cooperation from the individual of interest.The automatable approach demonstrates potential for increasing humans' ability to correctly identify those who display behaviors indicative of deception. The approach was evaluated using experimental and field data. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance, linear regression and discriminant function analysis suggest that the use of such a system could augment human abilities in detecting deception by as much as 15-25%. While there are a number of technical challenges that need to be addressed before such a system could be deployed in the field, there are numerous environments where it would be potentially useful.
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Herrera, Rachael. "Body, Blood, and Flood: The Ripple of Kinesics through Nature in Leonardo da Vinci's Art." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1019.
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Leonardo da Vinci's art and science have a dynamic relationship that can be used to better understand the role of the individual and the human body within his art. Leonardo believed that movements of the body were expressions of the soul. He also thought that the body was as a microcosm of the physical world. The theories, based in ancient tradition, would be challenged by his work with the human anatomy. By studying his notebooks it becomes evident that Leonardo held nature to be the highest creator of the world but as he worked to understand the human body and through extension the physical world, his ideas about nature and the divine became more incomprehensible. Leonardo's art reflects this turn of perspective as he becomes unable to define the physical world through the human body.
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Erhardsson, Jennie, and Sofia Gustafsson. "Fastighetsmäklares icke-verbala kommunikation." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2829.
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Background: During a house demonstration a real estate agent have the chance to make new contacts which is of big importance to spread the word about the agency and keep up with the competition. If the realtor makes a good impression on the customers, it increases the chance for making the customers return to the same realtor when time comes to sell their own house. The interpretation of this non-verbal communication has been shown to have a fundamental effect on the participant’s perception of the encounter. This makes the study aim regards investigating which non-verbal signals a real estate agent express.
Purpose: This study has a two-parted purpose whereas the first part intends to point out similarities and differences in a realtor’s non-verbal communication. The other part aim to create an understanding for the consequences a real estate agent’s non-verbal communication can lead to.
Theory: To fulfil the purpose, theories about non-verbal communication were chosen which brings the expressions kinesics, proxemics, physical appearance and paralanguage into use.
Research method: As an empirical research method observations were used to study the real estate agents non-verbal communication. Four educated and authorised realtors were chosen to be observed at different house demonstrations. The focus was set on the realtors interactions with the customers.
Conclusion: Results from the observations point out that there are both similarities and differences in a realtor’s non-verbal communication. Depending on how this communication takes place, which can differ between realtors, different consequences can be pointed out in the interaction with the customers.
Keywords: Non-verbal communication, Real estate agent, House demonstrations, Kinesics, Proxemics, Paralanguage
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Nascimento, Lílian do. "Comunicação de recém-nascidos em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: decodificação por enfermeiros." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2304.
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A comunicação faz parte de um processo contínuo que envolve sujeitos e fatores, em que uns agem sobre os outros, influenciando e sendo estimulado por mecanismos sonoros, táteis, visuais e dolorosos. A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) é um ambiente repleto destes mecanismos. O contato com este ambiente propicia ao recém-nascido uma experiência diversa daquela vivenciada antes do nascimento, no útero materno. Ao receber estes estímulos, o recémnascido reagirá demonstrando bem-estar/conforto ou desconforto/incômodo, através de códigos não verbais. Traçaram-se como objetivos deste estudo: descrever os elementos de comunicação não verbal do recém-nascido internado em UTIN que são identificados e decodificados pelo enfermeiro; e discutir a comunicação não verbal do recém-nascido, internado em UTI neonatal, sob a luz da Teoria Cinésica. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, descritiva, cujos dados foram coletados em um Hospital da Zona da Mata mineira através de entrevista semiestruturada com 16 enfermeiros atuantes em UTI neonatal. As unidades temáticas que emergiram desta investigação foram: o Entendimento do enfermeiro sobre a comunicação não verbal do recém-nascido; A interpretação/decodificação dos enfermeiros para as manifestações expressas pelo recém-nascido; e A valorização da comunicação não verbal na UTI neonatal. Evidenciamos que a comunicação faz parte da vida desde a gestação e pode influenciar e interferir fortemente no desenvolvimento e crescimento, não havendo sustentação científica para a afirmação de que o neonato não se comunica, ao contrário, o não verbalizar não implica no ato de não comunicar-se. Assim, este estudo almeja cooperar como consulta e reorientação aos profissionais da enfermagem, oferecendo subsídios para uma melhoria contínua na qualidade da assistência prestada por estes no cuidado ao recém-nascido.
The communication is part of an ongoing process that involves people and factors, which act on each other, influencing and being stimulated by sound, tactile, visual and painful mechanisms. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a place full of these mechanisms. The contact with this place propitiates the newborn a different experience from that experienced before birth, in the womb. When the newborn receives these stimulus, he/she reacts, demonstrating welfare/comfort or discomfort / nuisance through nonverbal codes. The aims of this study are to describe the elements of nonverbal communication of newborns admitted to the NICU that are identified and decoded by the nurse and discuss the nonverbal communication of newborns, admitted to the NICU, under the Kinesics Theory. This is a qualitative and descriptive study, in which data were collected in a hospital in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais through semi structured interviews with 16 nurses in the NICU. The thematic units that emerged from this research were: the nurse’s understanding about the nonverbal communication of the newborn; the interpretation / decoding of nurses for the demonstrations expressed by the newborn and the valuation of nonverbal communication in the NICU. It’s important to say that the communication is part of life since pregnancy and can affect and interfere heavily in development and growth , there is no scientific support for the claim that the neonate does not communicate , on the contrary, not verbalizing does not imply the act of not communicating . Thus, this study aims cooperating as consult and as reorientation of nursing professionals, offering subsidies for continuous improvement in the quality of care provided by them, to care for the newborn.
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Kilburn, Katherine Margaret Kilburn. "Pedagogical Approaches to Conducting Gesture in Contemporary Music." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1466978207.
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Ferreira, Waléria de Melo. "Os gestos na interação de crianças ouvintes e surdas: as possibilidades de um contexto bilíngue." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6501.
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Previous issue date: 2010-01-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research regards an observational, qualitative study, which involves 08 (eight) hearing children and 03 (three) deaf children, aged between 7;7 and 11;10, in spontaneous daily interactions within a 3rd year Elementary School classroom in an inclusive private school, in Arapiraca, Alagoas. Our main goal is to identify the strategies adopted by hearing children for effective communication between them and the deaf. The corpus consists basically of 08 (eight) video recordings, each including 08 (eight) 30 minute sessions, from which we selected 09 (nine) episodes for analysis. We based our research on Kinesics, Proxemics and Tacesics, as well as on some studies on gesture in the acquisition and development of oral language and in the acquisition of sign language, based on Interactional Linguistics. Our thesis is that children have the ability to adapt linguistically to their interlocutors and our main hypothesis is that when interacting with deaf children, hearing children produce gestural speech that allow them to confirm, deny, ask, describe, narrate, explain, etc. and they are developing a communicative competence in a second language Brazilian Sign Language - to the point of being able to switch between the oral and sign language in an attempt to adapt their speech to the deaf children. Our analyses confirm our thesis that the children observed have the ability to adapt linguistically to their interlocutors, and show that sign language development occurs on a gesture-to-sign continuum, where the gestures socially learned and shared by both hearing and deaf children, enable the construction of meaning and, therefore, the achievement of communication between them.
Esta pesquisa é de natureza observacional, qualitativa, e envolve 08 (oito) crianças ouvintes e 03 (três) surdas, com idades entre 7;7 e 11;10, em situações de interação rotineiras na sala de aula do 3º Ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola inclusiva da rede particular, na cidade de Arapiraca, AL, buscando identificar as estratégias adotadas pelas crianças ouvintes para efetivação da comunicação entre elas e as crianças surdas. O corpus consiste, basicamente, de gravações em vídeo, totalizando 08 (oito) sessões de 30 (trinta) minutos cada, dentre as quais selecionamos 09 (nove) episódios para análise. Fundamentamos nossa investigação nos estudos sobre a cinésica, a proxêmica e a tacêsica, e em teorias, cuja abordagem linguística é interacionista, além de alguns estudos sobre o gesto na aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e sobre a aquisição de língua de sinais. Defendemos a tese de que crianças têm a capacidade de se adaptarem linguisticamente aos seus interlocutores. Partimos da hipótese de que, na interação com crianças surdas, as crianças ouvintes produzem movimentos gestuais que lhes permitem, além de afirmar e negar, pedir, perguntar, descrever, narrar, explicar etc., desenvolver seus discursos gestuais através de retomadas, ao mesmo tempo em que estão desenvolvendo uma habilidade comunicativa em uma segunda língua a língua de sinais ao ponto de serem capazes de alternar entre a modalidade oral e a gestual, na tentativa de adaptar suas falas as das crianças surdas. Nossas análises confirmam nossa tese de que as crianças observadas têm a capacidade de se adaptarem linguisticamente aos seus interlocutores, e evidenciam que o percurso do gesto ao sinal se dá em um continuum, onde os gestos, socialmente apreendidos e compartilhados pelas crianças ouvintes e pelas crianças surdas, possibilitam a construção do sentido e, consequentemente, a concretização das interações entre elas.
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Cunha, Daniel Andrade da. "Prolactina potencializa a secreção de insulina via formação do complexo SNARE em ilhotas pancreaticas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313930.
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Orientador: Antonio Carlos BoscheroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Prolactina induz a maturação da resposta secretória das células B pancreáticas em ilhotas de ratos neonatos in vitro. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a maturação na resposta a glicose, induzida pela prolactina, está associada a alterações na expressão, associação e fosforilação de proteínas envolvidas na mobilização e extrusão dos grânulos de insulina. Para isso, ilhotas pancreáticas de ratos neonatos foram cultivadas por cinco dias em presença de prolactina e após extração do RNA e proteína total foram realizados RT-PCR e western blot. Observamos aumento na expressão gênica e protéica da MAP-2 e cinesina em ilhotas cultivadas com prolactina. Analisamos também a associação e fosforilação através de imunoprecipitação seguido de western blot de proteínas SNARE e MAP-2/cinesina em ilhotas estimuladas agudamente (20 min) com prolactina. Prolactina aumentou a associação entre proteínas SNARE e MAP-2/cinesina e reduziu a ligação entre sintaxina IA/munc-I8. Fosforilação em resíduos serina das proteínas SNAP-25, sintaxina IA, munc-I8 e MAP-2 encontravam-se aumentadas enquanto que da cinesina foi diminuída, em ilhotas estimuladas com prolactina. Ainda, foi observado aumento na formação do complexo SNARE em ilhotas agudamente estimuladas com prolactina, 22 mM de glicose, 40 de mM K+, 200 J.lMde carbacol e I J.lMde PMA (ativador da PKC). A inibição da via da MAP cinase, por PD098059, bloqueou a formação do complexo SNARE e fosforilação da sintaxina induzida por prolactina. Desta forma, podemos concluir que prolactina auxilia na maturação das células B por aumentar a expressão, fosforilação e associação de proteínas que compõem a maquinaria de extrusão dos grânulos de insulina, provavelmente via MAP cinase/PKC
Abstract: Prolactin induces maturation of insulin secretion in cultured neonatal rat islets. In this study, we investigated whether the improved secretory response to glucose caused by prolactin involves alteration in the expression, association and phosphorylation of several proteins that participate in these processes. Messenger RNA was extracted from neonatal rat islets cultured for five days in the presence of prolactin and reverse transcribed. Gene expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and by western blotting for proteins. The gene transcription and protein expression of kinesin and MAP-2 were increased in prolactin-treated islets compared to the controls. The association and phosphorylation of proteins was analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by western blotting, after acute exposure to prolactin. Prolactin increased the association between SNARE proteins and kinesin/MAP-2 while the association of munc-I8/syntaxin IA was decreased. Serine phosphorylation of SNAP-25, syntaxin IA, munc-18, MAP-2 was significantly higher whereas kinesin phosphorylation was decreased in prolactintreated islets. There was an increase in SNARE complex formation in islets stimulated with prolactin, 22 mM glucose, 40 mM K+, 200 f.lMcarbachol and 1 f.lMPMA (pKC activator). The prolactin-induced increase in the formation of SNARE complex and syntaxin IA phosphorylation was inhibited by PD098059, a blocker of the MAPK pathway. These findings indicate that prolactin primes pancreatic B-cells to release insulin by increasing the expression and phosphorylation/association of proteins implicated in the secretory machinery, probably via the MAPKlPKC pathway
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Jagiełło, Bogumiła 1987. "Investigating protein complexes potentially governing microtubule-dependent MBP mRNA distribution." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665721.
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La localització de molècules d'ARNm permet regular la síntesi de proteïnes localment i temporalment i això és vital per molts processos cel·lular fonamentals. A Oligodendròcits el transport de l'ARNm de la proteïna bàsica de la mielina (MBP) permet la síntesi local d'aquesta. MBP té una funció essencial en la formació de la beina de mielina que envolta els exons, nodreix les cel·les nervioses i permet la rapida transmissió dels estímuls. Tot i la intensa recerca feta sobre els mecanismes moleculars que condueixen el transport i l'expressió local MBP-ARNm, encara no està clar com l'ARNm és transportat fins al seu destí i com es controla la traducció de la proteïna al lloc adequat. Fent servir informació de dades publicades i el cribratge d'interaccions entre proteïnes realitzat al laboratori hem seleccionat dos complexos proteics essencials per a la localització de l'ARNm de la MBP i hem intentat construir-los des de la base. Des d'aquest enfocament la reconstrucció in vitro dels complexos ens permet analitzar la funcio de cada component del complex i entendre més profundament com es controla aquest procés biològic.
La síntesi de l'ARNm de la MBP és parcialment depenent de la interacció entre la proteïna d'unió a ARN, hnRNPA2, i una polimerasa de microtúbuls, chTOG. Per aclarir el mecanisme pel qual aquesta interacció desencadena la traducció de la MBP vam decidir analitzar les conseqüències funcionals d'aquesta nova interacció entre una proteïna d'unió a microtúbul i una proteïna d'unió a ARN. He aconseguit amb èxit proteïna recombinant funcional de hnRNPA2 I chTOG. La interacció entre aquestes dues proteïnes va resultar no especifica. Hipotetitzo que és degut a la conformació que adquireix la proteïna hnRNPA2 en els grànuls de ribonucleoproteines o depenent d'altres components. Degut a la falta de recursos per investigar-ho vam suspendre aquest projecte.
El procés de lliurament de l'ARNm de MBP a oligodendròcits és mantingut per kinesines
dependents de microtúbuls. La kinesina Kif1Bβ s'ha vist que fa el transport però els adaptadors que uneixen l'ARNm al motor(kinesina) resten desconeguts. Kif1Bβ se sap que és responsable del transport d'orgànuls de membrana com precursors de vesícules sinàptiques. Evidencies de la bibliografia i del cribratge d'interaccions entre proteïnes realitzat al laboratori suggereixen que Kif1Bβ podria realitzar el transport de l'ARN per captura de les vesícules. La regulació de les kinesines no és del tot conegut per això vaig decidir investigar primer aquest aspecte. Per aquesta raó vaig provar de construir i caracteritzar el sistema de transport de vesícules depenent de Kif1Bβ in vitro.
Vaig aconseguir produir i caracteritzar la proteïna recombinant Kif1Bβ. Kif1Bβ es capaç de formar un dímer en solució de forma independent i en aquest estat de dímer moure's al llarg de microtúbuls. Vaig detectar la preferència de Kif1Bβ per certs lípids que després vaig fer servir per produir vesícules sintètiques. Les vesícules es van fer servir per caracteritzar in vitro el seu transport per Kif1Bβ. La reconstrucció de les interaccions entre proteïnes implicades en el transport de complexos van demostrar ser més problemàtiques. Esforços addicionals serien necessaris en el futur per aconseguir aquest repte i millor caracterització del proposat complex.
Tot i els meus esforços no vaig poder reconstruir completament cap dels dos complexos d'interès. Tot i així, presento en aquesta tesi una descripció detallada dels enfocaments i els complexes parcials que nosaltres vam aconseguir construir i caracteritzar.Localization of mRNA molecules enables locally and temporally regulated protein synthesis, which is vital for many fundamental cellular processes. In oligodendrocytes transport of myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA to myelinating processes allows for local synthesis of MBP. MBP has an essential function if forming the myelin sheath that surrounds axons, nurtures the nerve cells and allows for fast stimuli transmission. Despite extensive research about the molecular mechanisms that guide the transport and local expression of MBP-mRNA it is still not clear how this mRNA is transported to its destination and how activation of translation at the right place is controlled. Using the information from published data and an interaction screen performed in the lab we selected two protein complexes essential for MBP mRNA localisation and attempted to build them from bottom-up. In this approach in vitro reconstitution of the minimal complexes allows us to analyse the function of each component of the complex and understanding better how biological processes are regulated. MBP mRNA synthesis is partially dependent on the interaction between an RNA binding protein, hnRNPA2, and a microtubule polymerase, chTOG. To elucidate the mechanism by which this interaction triggers MBP mRNA translation we decided to analyse the functional consequences of this entirely novel interaction between a microtubule binding and RNA binding protein. I successfully produced functional recombinant hnRNPA2 and chTOG. The interaction detected between those two proteins turned out to be unspecific. I hypothesize it is due to the conformation that hnRNPA2 acquires in the RNP granule or depends on other components. Due to the lack of resources to investigate this further we suspended this project. Delivery of MBP mRNA to the oligodendrocytes processes is maintained by microtubule-dependent kinesin motors. The kinesin Kif1Bβ has been shown to carry out the transport but the adaptors, which link the mRNA to the motor, remain unknown. Kif1Bβ is known to be responsible for transport of membranous organelles such as synaptic vesicle (SV) precursors. Evidence from literature and protein interaction screen performed in the lab suggests that Kif1Bβ could achieve mRNA transport by vesicle hitchhiking. The regulation of the kinesin is not fully understood therefore I decided to investigate this aspect first. For this reason I sought to build and characterize a Kif1Bβ-dependent vesicle transport system in vitro. I produced recombinant protein and achieved characterization of the Kif1Bβ motor. Kif1Bβ is able to independently form a dimer in solution and in the dimeric state processively moves on microtubules. I detected the preference of Kif1Bβ for certain lipids, which were then used to produce synthetic vesicles. In in vitro motility assays I characterized the Kif1Bβ-driven transport of synthetic vesicles. The reconstitution of the interactions between proteins involved in vesicle transporting complex proved to be more problematic. Additional efforts are needed to achieve this goal and further characterize the proposed complex in the future. Despite my efforts I did not manage to fully reconstitute any of the two complexes of interest. However, I report in this thesis a detailed description of the approaches and the partial complexes I managed to build and characterise.
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Torregrosa, Azor José. "Análisis multisistémico de las partículas modales del alemán." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32037.
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En esta investigación se proponen como objetivos generales definir y desarrollar el método de análisis multisistémico que permita examinar las relaciones que se establecen entre diferentes sistemas del código oral, y examinar cómo se establecen estas correlaciones durante la emisión en habla espontánea de partículas modales del alemán o combinaciones de partículas modales.
Este trabajo se ha estructurado en cuatro bloques. El primer bloque está dedicado a la exposición del marco teórico; el segundo se centra en la metodología que se va a seguir; en el tercero, se explica la forma en que se realiza el análisis de los datos y se presentan y se discuten los resultados obtenidos; en el cuarto y último bloque se exponen las conclusiones y se proponen futuras investigaciones.
En el marco teórico se tratan de forma general algunas cuestiones sobre la comunicación humana (capítulo 2) y, teniendo en cuenta las características de esta investigación, se centrará la atención, en primer lugar, en examinar el fenómeno de las partículas modales del alemán (capítulo 3), ya que en ellas se focaliza la realización de esta investigación; en segundo lugar, se presenta el estado de la cuestión sobre comunicación no verbal (capítulo 4) y específicamente los estudios que tienen que ver con este trabajo; y, por último, en el capítulo 5 se describe el método de análisis melódico del habla (Cantero, 2002) porque es el método analítico del componente verbal que por su rigor y objetividad se ha considerado óptimo para la realización de los análisis melódicos.
En el segundo bloque temático se exponen, en primer lugar, los objetivos (capítulo 6) que se han propuesto en esta investigación, centrados en la evaluación del método de análisis multisistémico y su aplicación para examinar la coestructuración que se establece entre los sistemas analizados durante la emisión de partículas modales del alemán. En el capítulo 7 se justifica la opción metodológica propuesta y se describen las fases analíticas de que consta. El siguiente capítulo (capítulo 8) está dedicado al establecimiento y descripción del corpus constituido por 406 enunciados obtenidos a partir de emisiones de habla espontánea. El capítulo continúa con la explicación del procedimiento utilizado para la digitalización de los enunciados seleccionados, así como también de las características de los informantes. Por último, se presentan los archivos de audio y de vídeo utilizados para realizar los análisis correspondientes.
En el tercer bloque temático se explican los procedimientos analíticos realizados con el corpus de datos, así como la exposición de los resultados obtenidos y su discusión. En los capítulos 9 y 10 se presentan los procedimientos e instrumentos utilizados para efectuar el análisis intrasistémico del componente melódico y del kinésico; se determinan tanto las marcas melódicas como las marcas kinésicas que posibilitan el examen de las correlaciones melódicokinésicas y las partículas modales del alemán. Por último, se exponen los resultados obtenidos y la discusión a partir del análisis intersistémico de los datos audiovisuales seleccionados.
En el último bloque se exponen las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado en base a los objetivos planteados, así como también diferentes propuestas para futuras investigaciones. Los resultados de la investigación constatan que, mediante la aplicación del método de análisis multisistémico propuesto, ha sido posible establecer correlaciones a nivel intersistémico entre marcas melódicas, kinésicas y partículas modales del alemán a partir de la estructura jerárquica de los componentes de cada sistema analizado.The general aims proposed in this research are, on the one hand, to develop the Multi-system Analysis method and to examine the relationships between different systems of the oral code. On the other hand, I consider how these relationships are set when German modal particles are uttered in spontaneous spoken speech. In the first section is presented the theoretical framework and some issues about human communication are discussed (chapter 2). German modal particles are firstly considered in chapter 3 because this research focuses on them; then, the state of the art of Nonverbal Communication is presented (chapter 4) and specially those works concerning the topic of this research; finally, in chapter 5 the Melodic Analysis of Speech method (Cantero, 2002) is described. In the second section, the objectives of the research are formulated (chapter 6). They focus on to evaluate the Multi-system Analysis method and its application to study the co-structuring between the analysed systems and German modal particles. In chapter 7, the proposed analysis method is justified and its analytical stages are described. Chapter 8 has to do with the corpus description, which consists of 406 spontaneous speech utterances. It continues with showing how the selected utterances are recorded as well as how the subjects are selected. Finally, audio and video files are presented. The third section deals with pitch and kinesic procedures followed, technical tools used as well as the discussion of the results. Chapter 9 and 10 present procedures and technical tools used to do intra-system analysis of pitch and kinesic data; then, pitch and kinesic marks have been set to correlate pitch-kinesic marks and German modal particles. The section ends discussing the results obtained considering the inter-system point of view of the audiovisual data analysis. The last section presents the concluding remarks as well as several suggestions for future research. The results of this investigation state that it has been possible to achieve inter-system correlations between pitch marks, kinesic marks and German modal particles using the Multisystem Analysis method proposed, taking into account the hierarchical structure of the components in each analysed system.
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Pugieux, Céline. "Meiotic spindle assembly on chromatin micropatterns : investigating the roles of Augmin, Kinesin-10 and Kinesin-4." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ011.
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La division cellulaire est essentielle pour la survie de chaque être vivant. Au cours de ce processus, les chromosomes de la cellule en division sont transmis aux deux cellules filles. La répartition des chromosomes est orchestrée par une structure cellulaire transitoire appelée fuseau mitotique (ou fuseau méiotique dans les cellules reproductrices). Le fuseau est composé de microtubules, de nombreuses protéines et de moteurs moléculaires, qui interagissent de manière complexe et précise aboutissant à l’organisation d’une structure bipolaire dynamique. Comme certains mécanismes moléculaires restent mal compris, nous avons choisi d'aborder la question de l'assemblage du fuseau méiotique dans des extraits d'oeufs de grenouille. Xenopus laevis est un organisme modèle car il est proche, d’un aspect phylogénétique, de l'homme, et il est particulièrement adapté à l’étude de la division cellulaire. Nous avons également utilisé une méthode in vitro (appelée spindle array ou puce à fuseaux) qui a été développée au sein du groupe de recherche auparavant, et qui offre certains avantages par rapport aux approches existantes. Une puce à fuseaux est composée de billes recouvertes de chromatine immobilisées selon des micro-motifs géométriques obtenus selon une technique d’impression par microcontact. L'assemblage des fuseaux méiotiques a été visualisé par microscopie confocale à fluorescence. Grâce à ces outils, nous avons, lors d’un premier projet, abordé le rôle de l’Augmin dans l'assemblage des fuseaux. L’Augmin est un complexe protéique récemment identifié grâce à son hypothétique rôle dans la nucléation de microtubules à partir de microtubules existants. Après déplétion de l’Augmin, nous avons constaté que la nucléation des microtubules était réduite et que les fuseaux avaient une morphologie anormale. De plus, ces derniers qui étaient essentiellement multipolaires sont progressivement devenus bipolaires grâce à une voie de nucléation des microtubules, découverte lors de notre étude, émanant des pôles acentrosomaux et qui est indépendante de l’Augmin. Nos résultats révèlent que l’Augmin est essentiel pour l’assemblage et la bipolarité du fuseau acentrosomal. Au cours d’un second projet, nous avons étudié les fonctions des chromokinésines kinésine-4 (Xklp1) et kinésine-10 (Xkid) dans l'assemblage des fuseaux et leurs mouvements. Xkid participe à la force d’éjection polaire nécessaire à la congression des chromosomes alors que Xklp1 contribue principalement à la régulation de la dynamique des microtubules. En étudiant l'assemblage de fuseaux dans des extraits après déplétion de Xkid, Xklp1 ou les deux, nous avons démontré que Xkid limite la dynamique des mouvements longitudinaux des fuseaux, contribue à la mise en place de la bipolarité et régule la longueur des fuseaux. Nous avons également quantifié la cinétique de nucléation des microtubules et confirmé le rôle de Xklp1 dans la régulation de la dynamique des microtubules. L’ensemble de nos travaux contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’assemblage du fuseau méiotique et confirme la pertinence de notre méthode pour l'étude de sa morphogenèseCell division is essential for the survival of every living organism. During this process, the chromosomes of the dividing cell are transmitted to the two daughter cells. The partition of the chromosomes is orchestrated by a transient sub-cellular structure called the mitotic spindle (or meiotic spindle in gamete cells). The spindle is composed of microtubules, numerous proteins and molecular motors, which interact in an intricate and yet precise manner leading to a highly dynamic and complexstructure. As some molecular mechanisms remain elusive, we have chosen to address the question of meiotic spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts. Xenopus laevis is a model system that is evolutionary close to human, and suitable for cell division studies. We have combined this with an in vitro assay - spindle array - which we developed prior to this work, and which provides advantages over existing approaches. A spindle array is composed of chromatin-coated beads that are immobilized according to geometrical patterns obtained by microcontact printing. The assembly of meiotic spindles wasvisualized by time-lapse fluorescence confocal microscopy. Using these tools, we first addressed the role of augmin in the assembly of meiotic spindles. Augmin is a recently identified protein complex that has been hypothesized to induce microtubule nucleation from the side of preexisting microtubules. By depleting augmin, we found that microtubule nucleationwas reduced and that spindles were morphologically impaired. Spindles were predominantly multipolar but finally reached bipolarity as a result of a newly uncovered augmin-independent microtubule nucleation pathway from acentrosomal poles. Our results thus reveal that augmin is essential for the proper establishment of the microtubule scaffolding and the bipolarity ofacentrosomal spindles. Secondly, we investigated the functions of the chromokinesins kinesin-4 (Xklp1) and kinesin-10 (Xkid)in acentrosomal spindle architecture and motions. Xkid plays a major role in the polar ejection forces leading chromosome movements during congression while the main function of XKlp1 is to regulate microtubule dynamics. We studied spindle assembly in depleted extracts and we report that Xkid limits the dynamics of spindle longitudinal movements, contributes to spindle bipolarity and affects spindle length while XKlp1 controls the spindle microtubule mass. Altogether these findings contribute to a better understanding of meiotic spindle assembly and confirm the pertinence of our method to study spindle morphogenesis
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Davies, Timothy Robert. "The regulation of kinesins by their binding partners." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609966.
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Moore, Ayana Tamar. "Exploring regions outside of the MCAK motor domain /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10548.
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Chan, Kuan Yoow. "The characterisation of family-13 kinesins in Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1361.
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Kinesins are motor proteins involved in the movement of organelles and sub-organelles along microtubule tracks within the cell. Phylogenetic analysis of the 46 kinesin genes coded by the Trypanosoma brucei genome resulted in the grouping of seven kinesin sequences into the Kinesin-13 family. Members of this family have been characterised in a number of model organisms and, unlike most kinesins, do not exhibit microtubule processivity and are capable of depolymerising microtubules. They play important roles in bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Of the six T. brucei Kinesin-13 proteins that were characterised during this study, only one was found to have a nuclear localisation, while the rest were found localised to the mitochondrion, cell body or flagellum. Attempts to probe the function of these kinesins using RNAi resulted in a reduction of cell growth in three of the six kinesins studied, but no gross changes in cellular morphology were observed. The distinct localisation of five Kinesin-13 family members outside the nucleus suggests that the functional diversity of the Kinesin-13 family is larger than previously thought.
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Bailon, Perfumo Pedro Juan, and Reyes Walter Eduardo Ortiz. "Soluciones tecnologicas para procesos de rehabilitacion y evaluacion kinesica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653395.
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El presente proyecto busca proponer una cartera de proyectos tecnológicos basados en la utilización de diversas tendencias tecnológicas como “motion recognition” (utilizado en consolas de videojuegos), sensores de presión e infrarrojos y procesamiento de imágenes para programas de rehabilitación y evaluación kinésica. Los proyectos propuestos se enfocan en las necesidades de los procesos de evaluación kinésica en el deporte, evaluación postural, identificación de patologías del pie y seguimiento del paciente en rehabilitación.
Como resultado final, el equipo de este proyecto busca dar un aporte basado en las tecnologías de información a un campo de suma importancia como lo es la rehabilitación y evaluación kinésica al definir una cartera de proyectos que incluya tanto el detalle de los programas de rehabilitación y procesos kinésicos estudiados, así como las posibles soluciones tecnológicas a ser desarrolladas.This project intends to propose a portfolio of technological projects based on diverse technological trends such as motion recognition (used in videogame consoles), infrared and pressure sensors and image processing for kinesthetic rehab and evaluation programs. The projects proposed focus in the needs of the kinesthetic evaluation in sports, postural evaluation foot pathology identification and follow-up of the patient in rehabilitation. As result, the team of this project intends to give a contribution based on information technologies to a field of great importance such as kinesthetic rehabilitation and evaluation by defining a portfolio of projects that includes both the detail of rehabilitation programs and kinesthetic processes studied, as well as possible technological solutions to be developed.
Tesis
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Fadda, Tania. "Présence et sens de kinesis [κίνησις] dans les Ennéades de Plotin." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAP001/document.
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Ma Thèse de Doctorat vise à trouver et à analyser les occurences du mot kinesis, et des expressions similaires, dans les Ennéades de Plotin. La méthode lexicographique m'a permis d'identifier un catalogue d'environ huit-cents occurrences du terme kinesis. J'ai identifié deux domaines systématiques par rapport à l'utilisation de kinesis, l'une concernant la réalité sensible, l'autre la réalité intelligible. Dans la première partie de mon étude je me concentre sur les occurrences de kinesis qui sont liées à la réflexion plotinienne concernant les corps et les âmes qui maintiennent un lien avec eux (âme cosmique et les âmes particulières); dans la deuxième partie, j'analyse la réflexion plotinienne concernant la réalité intelligible, par rapport à laquelle la kinesis est considerée en tant que genre intelligible. Dans la première partie je présente l'analyse des traités: 2 (IV, 7); 3 (III, 1); 8 (IV, 9); 26 (III, 6); 27 (IV, 3); 28 (IV, 4); 29 (IV, 5); 14 (II, 2); 40 (II, 1); 45 (III, 7); 53 (1, 1); dans la deuxième partie, je présente l'analyse des traités dédiés aux “Genres de l'être”, 42-44 (VI, 1-3)My Ph.D. research is aimed at finding and analyzing the occurences of the word kinesis, and similar expressions, in Plotinus' Enneads. The employment of lexicographical method has allowed me to pick up a catalog of around eight hundred occurrences of the term kinesis. I have identified two tematic areas for the use of kinesis, one regarding the sensible reality, the other the intelligible reality. In the first part of my study I focus on kinesis occurrences with reference to the body and to those souls related to the bodies; in the second part I analyze the construction of the intelligible reality in which movement is implicated as a gene. In the first part of my research I present the analysis of the treaties: 2 (IV, 7); 3 (III, 1); 8 (IV, 9); 26 (III, 6); 27 (IV, 3); 28 (IV, 4); 29 (IV, 5); 14 (II, 2); 40 (II, 1); 45 (III, 7); 53 (1, 1); in the second part I present the analysis of Plotinus' treaties dedicated to the “Genera of Being”, 42-44 (VI, 1-3)
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Ebbing, Bettina. "The molecular motor kinesin." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-83686.
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Tassinari, Andrea 1991. "In vitro reconstitution of the collective activities of motor protein complexes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670056.
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Röhlk, Christian. "Characterization of conventional kinesins Kif3 and Kif5 from Dictyostelium discoideum." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-73948.
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Jeppesen, George. "The mechanics of kinesin-1." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551298.
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Kinesin-1 is a molecular motor that transports cellular cargo along microtubules by completing hundreds of consecutive steps of its two head domains. Questions remain over what conformational changes drive this ATP-powered motility, and how actions of the two heads are coordinated. Photonic Force Microscopy allows optical trapping and 3D position detection of particles, including their axial position, which is often ignored in similar experimental set-ups. Using this technique, the energy landscape of a bead, tethered to a microtubule by a single full-length kinesin molecule on the bead surface, was analysed in the presence and absence of nucleotides. The mechanical properties of kinesin molecules were extracted from these data and were found to alter significantly depending on whether no nucleotide or the ATP analogue AMP-PNP was present in the experimental chamber. The effective axial stiffness of the molecule away from the microtubule increased on AMP-PNP binding. A further increase in this stiffness associated with a decrease in the volume accessible to the bead along the kinesin axis was observed and attributed to a change from 1- to 2-headed microtubule binding. Simulations of a model kinesin structure, consisting of rigid rods and flexible hinges, undergoing thermal fluctuations were performed. They suggest a change in angular stiffness and orientation of the neck domain would explain the change in axial stiffness observed. Neck- linker docking on AMP-PNP binding and inter-head strain caused by two-headed microtubule attachment can account for both these structural changes. Taken together, the experimental and simulated results suggest that when the rear kinesin head has its neck linker docked, and both heads are microtubule-bound, the neck and lower half of the kinesin stalk become aligned parallel to the microtubule, reducing the cargo's height above the surface by 20 nm. Further analysis of the processive motion of kinesin in a saturating concentration of ATP, as is present in physiological conditions, together with these static results led to a full description of the motor movement with respect to chemical and conformational states. This description provides a novel explanation of how the molecule might detect useful movements of its cargo, caused by thermal forces, and use these to increase its efficiency. In this way the motor acts like a mechanical feedback loop, amplifying neck linker dynamics. Similarly, positive movements of its cargo caused by the pull of another molecule motor could be used to aid procession. This additionally explains cooperativity between molecular motors. The model developed also incorporates the presence of a state in which a kinesin head is weakly associated to a microtubule by what is thought to be an electrostatic attraction when the head has ADP bound. This state was unambiguously documented experimentally in this work for the first time, and allows a kinesin head to slide along a microtubule protofilament while only weakly feeling the periodic potential of the ab-tubulin subunits. The significance of this weak association is discussed in terms of how it might aid kinesin motility, including the procession of single-headed constructs, and how it may play a role in the regulation of kinesin function in a cell according to chemical stimuli or spatial position.
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Wang, Zai, and 王在. "Kinesin-1 in skeletal muscle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41757877.
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Wang, Zai. "Kinesin-1 in skeletal muscle." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41757877.
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Taipa, Mariana. "Efeitos do Kinesio Taping no pós-operatório de ligamentoplastia do ligamento cruzado anterior: revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7082.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaIntrodução: após ligamentoplastia do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) podem surgir complicações secundárias, e o Kinesio Taping (KT) pode ser um adjuvante terapêutico na redução do edema e da dor, assim como no aumento da força muscular, equilíbrio, amplitude ou estabilidade articular. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da aplicação de KT, como medida de reabilitação em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia para reconstrução do LCA. Metodologia: efetuou-se uma pesquisa na base de dados PEDro, Pubmed e Web of Knowledge, e no motor de busca b-on, de acordo com os termos em investigação. Após a seleção dos estudos, seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foi realizada a análise de qualidade metodológica pelo checklist Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Resultados: foram incluídos 5 estudos, 2 randomizados e 3 estudos de coortes, integrando 233 participantes. A aplicação de KT foi benéfica na redução do edema, mas sem efeito na atividade eletromiográfica, no equilíbrio, na estabilidade articular do joelho e na funcionalidade. Relativamente à redução da dor e ao aumento de força muscular do quadricípite não foram obtidos resultados consensuais. Conclusão: a aplicação de KT não demostrou uma efetividade consistente na reabilitação após ligamentoplastia do LCA.
Background: Kinesio Taping (KT) may be a therapeutic adjunct in reducing edema and pain, as well as increased muscle strength, balance, amplitude, or joint stability after secondary complications resulting from ligamentoplasty of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Objectives: To analyze the effects of the KT application as a rehabilitation measure in patients undergoing surgery for ACL reconstruction. Methodology: A search was performed on the PEDro, Pubmed, Web of Knowledge database and on b-on, according to the terms under investigation. After the selection of the studies, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the methodological quality analysis was performed by the checklist Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) scale. Results: 5 studies were selected, 2 randomized and 3 cohort studys, integrating 233 participants. The application of KT was beneficial in reducing edema, but there was no effect on electromyographic activity, balance, knee joint stability and functionality. Concerning the reduction of pain and the increase of muscle strength of the quadriceps, no consensual results were obtained. Conclusion: The application of KT did not demonstrate a consistent effectiveness in rehabilitation after ACL ligamentplasty.
N/A
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Hawkins, Timothy James. "A study of M0R1/GEM1 and kinl-like kinesins in Arabidopsis." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3039/.
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Microtubules perform essential functions in eukaryotic cells and, with other cytoskeletal elements, are involved in diverse cellular processes. Plant cells construct four microtubule arrays; There are two cortical arrays, the interphase cortical array, and the preprophase band, the mitotic spindle and the cytokinetic phragmoplast. The control and rearrangement of these arrays through the cell cycle is coordinated by Microtubule Associated Proteins or MAPs. These proteins have diverse functions including anchoring & crosslinking microtubules or otherwise regulating microtubule formation and destruction within the cell. MOR1/GEM1 is the Arabidopsis member of the conserved XMAP215/TOGp family of proteins which are microtubule stablising MAPs and promote microtubule polymerization in vitro. In many organisms such stabilization is opposed by Kinl catastrophic kinesins, which depolymerise and destabilize microtubules. In addition to the further characterization of MOR1/GEM1, here in this thesis, two putative KinI kinesins are identified in the Arabidopsis genome, a subfamily of kinesins previously uncharacterized in plants, AtCMK1 & AtCMK2. Immunolocalisation shows that MOR1/GEM1 associates with all plant microtubule arrays throughout the cell cycle and Is found to concentrate at the plus end of microtubules In the spindle next to chromosomes and the midline of the phragmoplast where oppositely orientated microtubules overlap. Furthermore, consistent with this localization, we show that a C-terminal fragment of MOR1/GEM1 which Is absent in the pollen cytokinesis mutant, gem1 can bind microtubules and as such we propose that the defects in the phragmoplast In gem1 mutant is a result of the reduction of the MOR1/GEM1 protein to bind microtubules. Further studies indicate that unlike its budding yeast homologue Stu2, MOR1/GEM1 does not for dimers.Immunolocalisation shows that AtCMK2 associates with all the plant microtubule arrays throughout the cell cycle, particularly the metaphase spindle. However in our experiments, AtCMKI does not, but rather locates to structures within the cytoplasm, such as golgi vesicles or organelles. Here we also show that AtCMK kinesins form homodimers and do not physically Interact with MOR1/GEM1 suggesting that these factors may be genetic interactors instead. Over-expression of AtCMK2 as a GPP fusion protein results in the disruption of microtubules, leaving short microtubule fragments and tubulin oligomers or aggregates, suggesting that AtCMK2 Is a true Arabidopsis catastrophic kinesin. In addition, GUS promoter fusions show that the expression patterns of these two kinesins are very different.
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Lavsjö, Erik. "Kvinnobilder i kinesisk film : En analys av inflytandet av traditionella värderingar, moral och kvinnosyn i modern kinesisk film." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-281110.
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Känsälä, Mikko. "Hainan. En kinesisk destination för nordiska turister?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1533.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the Chinese destination of Hainan, with background in a globalizing tourism destination development, for tourism from Finland and Sweden. The questions at issue are regarding what kind of an impact the status as a special economic zone have had upon Hainan, what kind of conditions there are for tourism on the island, in what form participants of the tourism industry want the development to proceed, what the prevailing trend is for distant destinations for Nordic markets and also regarding what kind of potential there is for organized tourism to Hainan from Finland and Sweden.
As a foundation for the paper, I’ve composed a theoretical reference for knowledge of China, Hainan and the study of destinations. The sources of secondary kind are literature related to the subject. The primary sources are mainly interviews, field work done at Hainan has given a concrete and personal knowledge of the place. The interviews are with Finnish and Swedish travel operators, Chinese embassy representatives in Finland and Sweden, on Hainan both Nordic tourists and tourism industry stakeholders were interviewed.
The analysis bring forth that Hainan do have relatively good conditions for tourism. The destination has gone through a relatively rapid development, mainly focused upon domestic tourism. The development has led to an infrastructure for tourism, and as experienced during my visit, this is obvious through widespread tourism related building. The status of Hainan as a Special Economic Zone, received during the late 1980s, has facilitated the development of tourism. Although the status has lost its real function as once had, favourable conditions facilitated rapid tourism development, giving as an example tourism development zones. The prevailing development of Hainan, is the making of a top class resort destination. This is foremost aimed at the domestic market, but increasing at international markets such as the Nordic ones. The participants on Hainan seem to have a relatively common standpoint, in the process of attracting increasing amounts of Nordic visitors. Regarding Finnish and Swedish operators, distant destinations seem to have a certain degree of development possibilities. As flexible means of travel increases, changes are given upon the volume of travel. Connected to this, is different resulting opportunities for destinations, depending on volume and demand from tourists. Hainan being a distant destination, would need large volumes to justify significant arrangements. Finnish and Swedish operators are somewhat interested of Hainan, although varying depending on operator and to a great deal on the current small volumes. In conclusion, Hainan represents a globalizing tourism destination development, giving new tourism places. There is need of accomplishing demand in Finland and Sweden for Hainan, to get pronounced volumes of organised arrangements. Tough competition give the need for a proactive and aggressive approach from the participants of Hainan to achieve these volumes. Of importance for further development, is to produce an increasing demand in the Finnish and Swedish markets, that the destination bring forth a more palpable domestic/local form of culture and that a suitable form of travel to Hainan at present, for an example is combination tours.
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Jönsson, Anna. "De laglösa : berättelser från en kinesisk homovärld." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Discourse Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-577.
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Fram till 2001 klassades homosexualitet som en sjukdom av det kinesiska psykiatriförbundet. Sedan dess har mycket hänt. Internetsidor, filmer och universitetskurser. Men fortfarande finns inga lagar på området, varken sådana som förbjuder eller beskyddar. Godtycklig censur och diffust motiverade organisationsförbud tillhör fortfarande vardagen. En vardag som lämnar gayklubbar i en gråzon och besökarna i ett ingenmansland av möjligheter och begränsningar.
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Sklaveniti, Chrysavgi. "Syn-kinesis : an empirical inquiry in the relational process of leadership." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25480.
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This thesis explores the relational process of leadership, problematising individual-centric thinking in leadership studies (e.g. Gergen, 2009c; Hosking, 1988, 2011b). Spanning from trait to collective theories, there remains an attachment to viewing leadership as determined by the acts of individuals. The thesis regards this individualistic stability as problematic in the fluctuating, ever-changing process of becoming (Chia & Holt, 2009), and proposes a relational understanding that goes beyond dualistic assumptions of separation. On a meta-theoretical level, individualism in leadership is the founding premise of two broad literature streams, which in turn emphasise and extend the dominance of the individual. The first stream of individualism reduces leadership to the impact of the individual leader, and prescribes the route to effectiveness in terms of an ideal leader exerting control on external variables. For the second stream of inter-individualism, leadership starts from individuals and extends to a network of individuals. The thesis follows a third, emergent stream of relationality. Relationality eschews the assumption that leadership lies in bounded and self-contained individuals, suggesting instead a focus on relational processes. Such a focus proposes that leadership is an entangled process (Hernes, 2007), and 'individuals' are temporary expressions of their relations. Conceptually, the thesis' approach to the relational process of leadership rests on relational constructionism (Gergen, 1994a, 2009c; Hosking, 1988, 2006, 2008, 2011a; Hosking, Dachler, & Gergen, 1995), which methodologically calls for a research approach different from individual-centric ones (Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2009) in order to address emergence and relational dynamics (Chia, 1996). This implies following leadership from within in real-time, which is challenging, and could perhaps explain why empirical developments have not kept pace. An immersed episode has been developed to highlight direct and real-time involvement in research that takes place in meetings in organisational settings. The unit of analysis is turning points that punctuate flow in relational dynamics, identified as such by research participants themselves. Research took place in two research sites in the UK from May to October 2013, with the methods of non-participant observation (pre, post and during meetings), shadowing (in one research site) and reflective research notes. The empirical material included the analysis of 106 turning points, which were first analysed into leadership movements joined together with turning points dealing with the same issue, spreading across meetings. Turning points were then analysed in terms of Gergen's (2009c) responsive interplay, and their combinations composed 16 patterns that made up the four leadership expressions: challenging, creating, operating and progressing. Next, leadership movements were revisited and analysed in terms of the passage from one turning point to the next. The main contribution this thesis seeks to make is to provide a new, dynamic way to talk about leadership from a relational constructionist perspective. This is conceptualised as syn-kinesis, which is an ongoing, polymorphic process in constant metamorphosis, in pursuit of direction. The syn-kinetic process of leadership emerges in relational dynamics, and does not belong to specific individuals or locations, rendering accountability present at each turning point. Along these lines, the proposition is not yet another leadership label, but rather a description of relating and working together.
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Pereira, Marcelo. "Efeitos do Kinesio Taping no desporto." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3468.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaO médico japonês, Dr. Kenzo Kase criou, em 1973, o kinesio taping, uma nova aplicação de ligadura adesiva, tendo como objectivo melhorar a função da musculatura, sem limitar os movimentos, reduzir a dor, edema e os espasmos musculares. Parece ter também a capacidade de prevenir lesões no desporto, sendo por isso uma técnica comummente utilizada para este efeito. Objetivo: Esta revisão bibliográfica teve como propósito destacar os principais dados publicados sobre o efeito do Kinesio Taping nos atletas em que é aplicado e avaliar a sua eficácia. Metodologia: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed e B-On e no site www.kinesiotaping.com, tendo sido selecionados oito estudos para uma análise mais pormenorizada na discussão deste trabalho. Conclusões: Os diferentes estudos mostraram evidências que a aplicação de Kinesio Taping no desporto é eficaz, nomeadamente ao nível da performance muscular e como meio de reabilitação e prevenção. Contudo, são ainda necessários estudos complementares para validar cientificamente os efeitos do Kinesio Taping. Kinesio Taping is a new method of adhesive taping proposed in 1973 by Kenso Kase, a Japanese practitioner, which main objective is to improve the muscle function without limiting movements, reduce pain, swelling and muscle spasms. It also seems to have the ability to prevent sport injury, being commonly used for this effect. Aims: The aim of this work was to review the main data published about the effects of Kinesio Taping in athletes and assess its effectiveness. Method: A bibliographic research in PubMed, B-On and www.kinesiotaping.com was conducted, and eight studies were selected for further analysis. Conclusion: The different studies have shown evidence that the application of Kinesio Taping in sports is effective, namely in muscle performance and also as a means of rehabilitation and prevention. However, additional studies were needed to scientific validate the Kinesio Taping effects.
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Sanger, Anneri. "Kinesin-1 : cargo recognition and activation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/kinesin1(1e39aa23-276d-413d-94bb-3309b66ed4eb).html.
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The hetrotetrameric microtubule motor protein, kinesin-1 plays a central role in the intracellular transport of protein, ribonuclear protein, vesicles and organelles on microtubules. Kinesin-1 is composed of two heavy (KHC) and two light chains (KLC). In the absence of cargo, kinesin-1 exists in an autoinhibited state where the C-terminal tail of a single heavy chain binds to the N-terminal motor domain. KLCs contribute to the maintenance of this regulated state although the mechanism is unknown. Kinesin-1 is activated upon cargo binding. Cargo have been shown to bind to the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of KLC and the C-terminal tail of KHC. KLCs recognise a short peptide sequence present in many cargo that is characterised by a tryptophan flanked by acidic residues (Wacidic). The aim of this thesis was to further investigate these cargo recognition mechanisms with the goal of providing a framework for understanding the general principles of kinesin-1 cargo recognition and cargo dependent activation. This was pursued by attempting a detailed molecular dissection of the mechanism of recognition of lysosomal cargo adaptor SKIP which carries a pair of W-acidic motifs. In this thesis the crystal structure of the TPR domain of KLC2 in complex with a tryptophan-acidic motif derived from SKIP is presented and the key residues responsible for the interaction are identified. Further studies revealed a direct interaction between SKIP and a specific site on the Cterminal tail of KHC. Mapping of the KHC binding site on SKIP revealed both shared and distinct determinants for the KHC and KLC interaction, and binding to either may be mutually exclusive. Mutational separation of the KHC and KLC binding enabled the investigation of this novel KHC-cargo interaction in SKIP mediated cargo transport. Based on these findings a model is proposed to explain how SKIP may activate kinesin-1 to promote anterograde lysosome transport.
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Couto, Pedro Emanuel Dias Sá. "Os efeitos do Kinesio Taping em pacientes com osteoartrite no joelho: revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9181.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaA osteoartrite é a causa mais frequente de doença crónica musculosquelética, constituindo uma das principais causas para a limitação das atividades diárias. Objetivo: investigar, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, os efeitos do Kinesio Taping em pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho. Metodologia: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados da PubMed, PEDro e Web of Science. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi analisada através da Escala Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Resultados: Foram incluídos 7 artigos, com um total de 556 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre 55 e 70 anos com uma qualidade metodológica média de 9. Num dos artigos, o kinesio tape não demonstrou qualquer tipo de efeito, no entanto, nos outros 6 artigos os resultados foram significativos. Conclusão: O Kinesio Taping demonstrou produzir efeitos significativos no tratamento da osteoartrite, diminuindo a dor e melhorando os movimentos dos pacientes, o que resultou numa diminuição do consumo de analgésicos.
Osteoarthritis is the most frequent cause of chronic musculoskeletal disease and is one of the biggest causes of limitation of daily activities. Purpose: To investigate, through a bibliographic review, the effects of Kinesio Taping in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, PEDro and Web of Science. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed by using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). Results: Seven articles were included, with a total of 556 participants, aged between 55 and 70 years old with an average methodological quality of 9. In one of the articles the kinesio taping showed no effect, however, in the other 6 articles, the results were significant. Conclusion: Kinesio Taping has demonstrated to produce significant effects in the treatment of osteoarthritis, decreasing pain and improving patients’ movements, which resulted in a reduction of the use of painkillers.
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Bökset, Roar. "Long story of short forms : the evolution of simplified Chinese characters /." Stockholm : Department of Oriental languages, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-993.
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Tavares, Ana Catarina Barata. "A efetividade do kinesiotaping no linfedema pós-mastectomia: revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6733.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaIntrodução: o cancro da mama é um fenómeno cada vez mais comum, principalmente nas mulheres, tendo frequentemente como consequência o aparecimento de linfedema. A aplicação do kinesiotaping é uma nova abordagem fisioterapêutica neste distúrbio linfático. Objetivo: este estudo pretende analisar a efetividade do kinesiotaping no linfedema pós-mastectomia. Método: foi realizada uma revisão da literatura através das bases de dados PubMed, PEdro, Web of Knowledge e Science Direct. Resultados: após a análise dos artigos selecionados verificaram-se diferentes formas de aplicação de kinesiotaping, com resultados relevantes a nível de conforto, mobilidade e funcionalidade do ombro. Porém, os resultados quanto à redução do linfedema não foram consensuais. Conclusão: o presente estudo sugere que a aplicação do kinesiotaping traz benefícios a nível da mobilidade e conforto do paciente. Contudo, não se pode afirmar que o tratamento com esta aplicação seja efetivo, devido a resultados díspares.
Background: breast cancer is an increasingly common phenomenon, especially in women, often leading to the onset of lymphedema. The application of kinesiotaping is a new physiotherapeutic approach in this lymphatic disorder. Objective: this study intends to analyze the effectiveness of kinesiotaping in post-mastectomy lymphedema. Method: a review of the literature was performed through PubMed, PEdro, Web of Knowledge and Science Direct databases. Results: after an analysis of the selected articles we verified different forms of application of kinesiotaping, with relevant results of comfort, mobility and functionality of the shoulder. However, the results regarding the reduction of lymphedema were not consensual. Conclusion: the present study suggests that the application of kinesiotaping brings benefits of mobility and patient comfort. However, it can not be said that the treatment with this application is effective due to shots of results.
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Pooranachandran, Niedharsan. "The roles of ciliary kinesins, and the functions of intraflagellar transport proteins." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14240/.
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Microtubule-dependent motors, kinesins, drive transport of proteins in the ciliary shaft. Prior studies suggested that the heterotrimeric ciliary kinesin may be dispensable for certain aspects of transport in specialized cilia of vertebrate photoreceptor cells. To test this possibility further, we analyzed the mutant phenotype of the zebrafish kif3a gene, which encodes the common motor subunit of heterotrimeric ciliary kinesins. Cilia are absent in almost all organs examined, leading to the conclusion that kif3a is indispensable for ciliogenesis in all cells, including photoreceptors. Unexpectedly, kif3a function precedes ciliogenesis as ciliary basal bodies are mispositioned in mutant photoreceptors. This phenotype is much less pronounced in IFT mutants and reveals that kif3a has a much broader role than previously assumed. Despite the severity of their basal body phenotype, kif3a mutant photoreceptors survive longer compared to these in IFT mutants, which display much weaker basal body mispositioning. This effect is absent in kif3a;IFT double mutants, indicating that IFT proteins have ciliary transport-independent roles, which add to the severity of their photoreceptor phenotype. kif3a is dispensable for basal body docking in otic vesicle sensory epithelia and, surprisingly, short cilia form in mechanosensory cristae even in the absence of kif3a. In contrast to Kif3a, the functions of the Kif3c-related protein, encoded by the kif3c-like (kif3cl) gene, and the homodimeric ciliary kinesin, kif17, are dispensable for photoreceptor morphogenesis. In addition to this, double mutants of different combinations of kinesins were generated: klp-6, kif17, kif3b, kif3cl. However, the double mutants did not display any obvious defects. These studies demonstrate unexpected new roles for both ciliary heterotrimeric kinesins and IFT particle genes, and clarify the function of kif17, the homodimeric ciliary kinesin gene.
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Xu, Xiaolu [Verfasser], and P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nick. "Dual-located kinesin - A class XIV kinesin that can enter the nucleus / Xiaolu Xu ; Betreuer: P. Nick." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138708658/34.
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Kaan, Hung Yi Kristal. "Structural and functional characterisation of conventional kinesin and mitotic kinesin Eg5 — a validated target for cancer chemotherapy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3093/.
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Kinesins are molecular motors that use energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport cargoes along microtubule tracks. There are at least 14 families of kinesins with different structural organisations but all kinesins have a motor domain that is the catalytic core for ATP hydrolysis and the binding site for microtubules. Most kinesins have a stalk domain, which facilitates oligomerisation, and a tail domain that is implicated in cargo binding and regulation. Depending on their structural organisation, each kinesin is suited for different functions. Some are involved in transporting vesicles and organelles in cells, while others are essential for axonal transport in neurons. Still others are involved in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Lastly, a group of kinesins participate in different steps of mitosis. One such kinesin is the human mitotic kinesin Eg5. It is a homotetrameric kinesin that is made up of a dimer of anti-parallel dimers. By cross-linking anti-parallel microtubules and moving towards their plus ends, Eg5 slides them apart and establishes the bipolar spindle. When Eg5 is inhibited by antibodies or siRNA, cells arrest in mitosis with non-separated centrosomes and monoastral spindles. Prolonged mitotic arrest eventually leads to apoptotic cell death. For that reason, Eg5 is a potential target for drug development in cancer chemotherapy with seven inhibitors in Phase I and II clinical trials. The first inhibitor of Eg5 was discovered in a phenotype-based screen and is called monastrol. Since then, several classes of inhibitors, such as ispinesib (a clinical trial candidate) and Strityl- L-cysteine (STLC), have been discovered. To develop more potent inhibitors, we employed a structure-based drug design approach. By determining crystal structures of the Eg5 motor domain in complex with various inhibitors, we can understand the interactions between the inhibitor and Eg5; thus, analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) can help us to improve their potency. Consequently, these inhibitors could complement or act as alternatives to taxanes and vinca alkaloids, which are successful cancer chemotherapeutics currently used in the clinic, but have the tendency to cause neurotoxicities and develop resistance in patients. Here, I report the crystal structures of Eg5 in complex with three monastrol analogues, STLC, and four STLC analogues separately. Based on the crystal structures with monastrol analogues, I identified the preferential binding mode of each inhibitor and the main reasons for increased potency: namely the better fit of the ligand and the addition of two fluorine atoms. Next, the crystal structure of Eg5-STLC indicates that the three phenyl rings in STLC are buried in a mainly hydrophobic region, while the cysteine moiety of STLC is solventexposed. In addition, structures of Eg5 in complex with STLC analogues, which have meta- or para-substituents on one or more of the phenyl rings, reveal the positions of the substituents and provide valuable information for the SAR study. In short, these structures reveal important interactions in the inhibitor-binding pocket that will aid development of more potent inhibitors. To understand the molecular mechanism of inhibition, I examined the structure of the Eg5-STLC complex, which revealed an unprecedented intermediate state, whereby local changes at the inhibitor-binding pocket have not propagated to structural changes at the switch II cluster and neck linker. This provides structural evidence for the sequence of drug-induced conformational changes. In addition, I performed isothermal titration calorimetry to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the interaction between Eg5 and its inhibitors. The structural information and the thermodynamic parameters obtained help us to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of inhibition by an Eg5 inhibitor. While there is a large amount of information about the motor domain of Eg5, less is known about the stalk domain, which facilitates oligomerisation. A prediction program showed that the first ~100 residues of the stalk domain have a high probability of forming a coiled-coil structure, while the middle ~150 residues have a low probability. Using analytical ultracentrifugation, I showed that the Eg5 stalk364-520 domain exists predominantly as a dimer with a sedimentation coefficient of 1.76 S. The purported coiled-coil quaternary structure is backed-up by circular dichroism data, which showed that Eg5 stalk364-520 domain contains about 52 % helical content. Finally, the low resolution solution structure of Eg5 stalk364-520 domain was determined by small angle X-ray scattering, which revealed an elongated structure that is ~165 Å in length. Together, these data give us a glimpse into the structural characteristics of the Eg5 stalk364-520 domain. Besides gaining a better understanding of Eg5, I decided to investigate the molecular mechanism of autoinhibition in conventional kinesin (later known as kinesin-1). As the founding member of kinesins, it was first discovered to be involved in axonal transport. When not transporting cargo, kinesin-1 is autoinhibited to prevent squandering of ATP. Although it is widely accepted that the tail binds to the motor domain to keep it in a folded autoinhibited state, the molecular mechanism remains unclear and several mechanisms have been proposed. Here, I report the crystal structures of the Drosophila melanogaster kinesin-1 motor domain dimer and the dimer-tail complex. The dimer, which exhibits ~180° rotational symmetry between the monomers, provides valuable structural information for modeling the motility of kinesins on microtubules. By comparing the free dimer with the dimer-tail complex, we observe that the motor domains have considerable freedom of movement in the absence of tail binding. However, in the dimer-tail complex, a ‘double lockdown’ at both the neck coil and the tail interface freezes out major movements. This could prevent conformational changes, such as neck linker undocking. Data from our collaborator (David Hackney) showed that a covalent cross-link, which mimics double lockdown of the dimer, prevents ADP release. Together, we propose a ‘double lockdown’ mechanism, in which cross-linking at both the coiled-coil and tail interface prevents the movement of the motor domains that is needed to undock the neck linker and release ADP. In short, the structures shed light on the autoinhibition mechanism, reveal important residues at the dimer-tail interface, invalidate other proposed mechanisms, and open up the possibility that other kinesins may be regulated by the same mechanism.
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Randall, T. S. "A study of the molecular interactions between kinesin motor proteins and the TRAK family of kinesin adaptors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370581/.
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Kinesins are motor proteins that have roles in cell division as well as the transport of various organelles and protein complex cargoes within cells. Kinesin-1 is considered the conventional motor protein and consists of three main isoforms, KIF5A, KIF5B and KIF5C. The family of Trafficking Kinesin proteins (TRAKs) bind to the cargo binding domain of kinesin-1 forming a link between the motor protein and their cargoes. The best characterised cargo transported by TRAKs is mitochondria. To understand further the mode of association between kinesin and TRAKs, the aim of this study was to determine the structure of the C-terminal cargo binding domain of kinesin-1. Due to the known binding of TRAK2 with the kinesin-1 family it was hypothesized that TRAKs may stabilize the KIF5A cargo binding domain. Hence, the cDNA encoding the KIF5A cargo binding domain, KIF5A800-1032, and the cDNA encoding the kinesin interacting domain of TRAK2, i.e. TRAK2100-380 were cloned into a bicistronic expression vector to result in epitope-tagged constructs. The expression of both proteins was characterized with respect to yield and solubilisation efficiency. TRAK2100-380 was stabilized by KIF5A800-1032. Affinity chromatography of soluble extracts found that KIF5A800-1032 and TRAK2100-380 did co-purify indicating that they do associate. However, the yield was insufficient for further characterisation. To determine the structure of the cargo binding domain of KIF5A several C-terminal constructs which varied in size and epitope tag location were generated. Bacterial growth and solubilisation conditions were optimized to maximize the yield of the various KIF5A cargo domain recombinant proteins. Each was purified by an appropriate affinity chromatography resin. Conditions were established to optimize the purity, yield, stability and aggregation state. One construct, KIF5A800-951 was isolated to a sufficient yield and did not aggregate. Therefore, KIF5A800-951 is a good candidate for further structural analysis. To refine further the TRAK binding site within the cargo domain of kinesin-1 a series of rationally designed C-terminal truncations of KIF5A and KIF5C were generated and co-expressed with either TRAK1 or TRAK2 in mammalian cells. The binding of kinesin-1 truncations to the TRAKs was determined by co-immunoprecipitation assays followed by quantitative immunoblotting. Deletion of the distal 71 amino acids of KIF5A resulted in an increased co-immunoprecipitation of KIF5A with TRAK2. Three possible TRAK2 binding sites within the KIF5A and KIF5C cargo binding domains were found. Furthermore, differences were found between TRAK1 and TRAK2 in terms of their association sites with KIF5A. Overall these studies yield new insights into kinesin/kinesin adaptor interactions which may impact in the future on a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease which have both been linked to deficiencies in neuronal transport mechanisms of mitochondria.
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Deavours, Bettina Edith. "Microtubule interactions and regulation of the mitotic kinesin-like protein-1 and kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29951.
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Microtubules are essential for many dynamic processes occurring within eukaryotic cells including organelle and vesicular trafficking, motility of cilia and flagella, and mitosis. Microtubules operate in conjunction with the kinesin superfamily of microtubule-dependent motor proteins, which use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to "walk" along microtubule tracks, and in doing so generate force for the transport of cellular cargo and mitosis. The goal of this project was to define the microtubule interactions and regulation of two kinesin-like proteins (KLPs), the Homo sapiens mitotic kinesin-like protein-1 (HsMKLP-1) and the Arabidopsis thaliana kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (KCBP). Functional domains of HsMKLP-1 and KCBP were heterogeneously expressed in insect cells (HsMKLP-1) and/or E. coli (HsMKLP-1, KCBP) and used to examine the microtubule binding and ATPase activity of HsMKLP-1 and KCBP catalytic domains.
Overall, the HsMKLP-1 catalytic domain was found to operate in a similar fashion to other KLPs with respect to microtubule binding and ATP hydrolysis, but HsMKLP-1 exhibited enhanced microtubule binding of the dimer and weaker affinity for ATP that functionally distinguishes it from other KLPs. HsMKLP-1 proteins were also used to generate HsMKLP-1 specific antibodies to be used as a tool for characterizing native HsMKLP-1. To define the role of nuclear localization in regulating the activity of HsMKLP-1 during interphase, sequences directing nuclear localization of HsMKLP-1 were identified. Mutation of the nuclear localization sequence 799PNGSRKRR806 to 799PNGSRTSR806 or removal of AA's 830-856 of HsMKLP-1, which contains the nuclear localization sequence 851PKRKKP856, were sufficient to abolish nuclear localization. In the absence of a functional nuclear localization sequence HsMKLP-1 localized to microtubule plus ends, suggesting that nuclear localization serves to limit the interaction of HsMKLP-1 with the interphase microtubule array.
The KCBP catalytic domain, which contains a calmodulin-binding site, was used to determine the effect of Ca2+/calmodulin on the microtubule binding and ATPase activity of KCBP. Ca2+/calmodulin was found to inhibit the binding of KCBP to microtubules and reduced the motor's microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity, which suggests that Ca2+/calmodulin may modulate the activity of KCBP in vivo by regulating the motor's association with microtubules.Ph. D.
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Martins, Catarina. "A efetividade do kinesio taping em crianças com paralisia cerebral: revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8800.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjetivo: Determinar a efetividade do kinesio taping (KT) em crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC). Metodologia: Pesquisa computadorizada nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, PEDro, Lilacs, Scielo, RCAPP, Cochrane Library foi efetuada usando a combinação: Cerebral palsy AND (Kinesio taping OR Kinesio OR kinesiotaping) de acordo com guias de PRISMA. Apenas estudos randomizados controlados foram incluídos do estudo. Estudos foram analisados usando a Physiotherapy Evidence Database scoring scale (PEDro) e o Center of Evidence-Based Medecine (CEBM). Resultados: Seis estudos cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e obtiveram uma média aritmética de 5,67/10 na escala de PEDro, com um total de 236 participantes. Os estudos selecionados incluíram diferentes formas de utilizar a técnica e métodos de avaliação. Foram encontrados resultados estatisticamente significativos em várias escalas de avaliação, ou seja, na efetividade do uso do KT. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a técnica de KT pode contribuir para a reabilitação de crianças com paralisia cerebral.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of kinesio taping (KT) on children with cerebral palsy. Methodology: Research on computerized databases Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, PEDro, Lilacs, Scielo, RCAPP, Cochrane Library was performed using the combination: Cerebral palsy AND (Kinesio taping OR Kinesio OR kinesiotaping) according to PRISMA guidelines. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the review. Studies were analyzed using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale and the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine's Levels of Evidence scale. Results: Six papers met the inclusion criteria with an arithmetic mean of 5,67/10 on PEDro scale, with a total of 236 participants. The selected trials included different ways of using the technique and different assessment methods. There have been found significant statistical results in many evaluation scales, that is, in the effectiveness of KT. Conclusion: The results showed that KT can contribute to rehabilitation of cerebral palsy children.
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Hesse, William R. (William Reichard). "Kinesin's force generation mechanism : study and practical application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65305.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-80).
Chimeric kinesin 1 (KHC) / kinesin 5 (Eg5) constructs were used to study the force generation mechanism of the motor protein. The kinesin family of proteins walk along microtubules to carry cargo or pull microtubules along each other and do so by hydrolyzing a single ATP per 8nm step. The mechanism that is employed by kinesin to generate the force necessary for motion is not completely understood. One recent model, the cover neck bundle (CNB) model, utilizes two structural elements of the motor (the coverstrand, which is at the N-terminus of the motorhead) and [beta]9, which is part of the necklinker (C-terminus of the motorhead) to form a beta sheet. The CNB folds toward the motor head and causes the rear, unbound head to travel from behind to in front of the bound motorhead. Recent investigations have shown that the CNB produces enough force to explain single molecule experiments, and that when the CNB is not allowed to form by deletion of the coverstrand, the motor looses the ability to generate force. Recent experiments on dimeric forms of Eg5 (a member of the kinesin 5 family) have shown that the motor is capable of generating nearly analogous amounts of force as kinesin 1, but that it generally dissociates from the microtubule under load rather than coming to a true stall. To investigate the applicability of the CNB model of force generation and to see if a motor with high force capabilities could be generated, these chimeras employed the Eg5 CNB (and in some cases L13), and the rest of the kinesin 1 motorhead. It was found from experiments with a stationary optical trap to measure stall force and the force-velocity relationship of the motors as well as unloaded measurements, such as processivity and velocity, that motors with a matched CNB operated the best, however the use of the Eg5 CNB did not reproduce the force generation capabilities of dimeric Eg5 constructs. These results suggest that perhaps while the CNB mechanism is very important to force generation, it may not be the full explanation. A possible link between the CNB's effect on the rate of the mechanical step of the mechanochemical cycle and the stall force is discussed. This link between mechanical rate and stall force is a potential avenue for rational design of kinesin motors for a specific stall force. Secondly, these results show that the parts of kinesin are not directly interchangeable, and that careful consideration of the interactions between parts must be considered when engineering these motors. A second set of experiments were designed to explore whether the CNB mechanism could be exploited for a rational purpose. The literature consists of many reports of various methods to target kinesin and stop its motility for therapeutic reason. For example, some chemotherapies target kinesin to treat cancer. In this way, an antibody was designed to bind specifically with the coverstrand, thus hopefully disrupting the CNB formation and mechanism of force generation. These experiments demonstrated the the antibody was successful in targeting the coverstrand and in inhibiting kinesin's motion.
by William R. Hesse.
S.M.
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Sjögren, Fredrika, and Eva-Lotta Vesterlind. "Är kinesisk produktkvalitet bättre än svensk år 2025?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kvalitets- och maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37393.
Full textAbstract:
Kina har genom olika statliga initiativ startat ett kvalitetsrace med ambitionen är att ta kinesisk produktkvalitet till helt nya nivåer till år 2025. Lyckas man kommer svenska bolag som handlar/ konkurrerar med kinesiska bolag, eller bedriver verksamhet inom Kina, sannolikt att påverkas. Frågan är hur? Syftet med denna studie har varit att känna svenska bolag på pulsen; hur upplever de den kinesiska kvalitetsutvecklingen och hur tror de att deras bolag kommer att påverkas? Ett underliggande syfte har varit att undersöka hur de kulturella aspekterna inverkar på den kinesiska kvalitetsutveckling. För att svara på detta genomfördes en kvantitativ enkät riktad till svenska kvalitetschefer samt en kvalitativ fallstudie riktad till svenska bolag med närvaro i Kina. Resultatet visar att nivån på kinesisk produktkvalitet förväntas stiga inom många branscher samt att konkurrens och handelsutbytet kommer att påverkas genom att kinesiska marknadsandelar ökar på den globala marknaden. Inom vissa områden är kinesisk produktkvalitet redan idag likvärdig med västerländsk men den är inte stabil utan kräver kontroller från mottagarledet, tillika kunden. En trolig bidragande orsak till den ojämna kvaliteten finner vi i den kinesiska makrokulturen där man av tradition sätter stolthet i att utför arbetsuppgifter enligt order och inte ifrågasätter överordnade. Detta får en negativ effekt på kvalitetskulturen, vilket i sin tur riskerar att försvåra kvalitetsutvecklingen och är en utmaning för Kina att hantera. Utmaningen till trots så visar denna studie att det är möjligt att den kinesiska statens initiativ kan lyckas, åtminstone till stora delar och såväl svenska företag som den globala marknaden bör hålla ett vakande öga på utvecklingen.China has through various government initiatives started a quality race with the ambition to take Chinese product quality to higher levels until 2025. If they succeed, Swedish companies that trade/ compete with Chinese companies, or conduct business within China, are likely to be affected. The question is how? The purpose of this study has been to check the pulse of Swedish companies; how do they perceive the Chinese quality development and how do they think their company will be affected? An underlying purpose has been to investigate how cultural aspects affect the Chinese quality development. To answer this, a quantitative survey was conducted aimed at Swedish quality managers and a qualitative case study aimed at Swedish companies with a presence in China. The result shows that the level of Chinese product quality is expected to rise in many industries, and that competition and trade exchange will be affected by increasing Chinese market shares in the global market. In some areas, Chinese product quality is already equivalent to Western, but it is not stable but requires controls from the recipient, namely the customer. A likely contributing factor to the uneven quality is found in the Chinese macro culture where traditionally one prides itself on performing tasks according to orders and not questioning superiors. This has a negative effect on the quality culture, which in turn risks making quality development more difficult and is a challenge for China to handle. Despite this challenge, this study shows that it is possible that the Chinese state's initiative may succeed, at least in large part, and both Swedish companies and the global market should keep a watchful eye on developments.
2019-06-27
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Pimenta, Sara. "A influência da Kinesis® no tratamento da escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA)." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2887.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaA escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) é uma patologia com grande importância, que se pode manifestar desde o nascimento, que geralmente sofre agravamento durante as fases de desenvolvimento da criança e deve ser tratada precocemente. Define-se geralmente como uma curvatura lateral da coluna vertebral no plano frontal. Pretendeu-se com este estudo avaliar a alteração do alinhamento da coluna vertebral nos 12 adolescentes com escoliose, bem como averiguar o impacto na qualidade de vida, depois de submetidos durante um ano a tratamento no circuito Kinesis®. Os resultados obtidos tiveram por base a medição do ângulo de Cobb nas radiografias efectuadas antes e após o tratamento no circuito Kinesis®, bem como o resultado do questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 recolhido pré e pós-tratamento. Podemos considerar o circuito Kinesis® um tratamento inovador e uma opção válida no tratamento da EIA, em virtude do sucesso obtido neste estudo. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a serious condition that begins with birth and usually keeps getting worse as time goes by. This pathology is a lateral curve of the spine on the frontal plan of the body. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the alignment of the spine on 12 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis as well as the possible improvement in their quality of life after the treatment with the Kinesis circuit. This treatment was conducted during one year. The results were determined by measurement of the Cobb angle on X-Rays before and after the Kinesis® treatment. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36 forms. The physical therapy protocol established with the Kinesis® circuit was proven a success. We consider this to be an new therapeutic option in the treatment this important pathology.
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Talapatra, Sandeep Kumar. "Mechanistic investigation of small molecule inhibitors of kinesin-5 and kinesin-6 family members in cancer drug development." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3770/.
Full textAbstract:
The kinesins form a superfamily of molecular motors that use energy from ATP turnover to generate force. They carry out a diverse set of cellular functions by transducing this force to transport cargos along microtubule (MTs) tracks. Kinesins are distributed among 14 families with different structural organisations all sharing a conserved motor domain that is comprised of a catalytic site for ATP hydrolysis and a MT binding site. Kinesins perform different functions with numerous key roles in mitosis. The kinesin-5 family member, Eg5, has been shown to play a key role in cross-linking and separating anti-parallel MTs. Inhibition of Eg5 leads to the formation of characteristic monoastral spindles, cell cycle arrest and may also lead to apoptotic cell death. This has led to Eg5 being identified as a potential target for drug development in cancer chemotherapy. To understand the mode of interaction between the protein and the potent drug candidate ispinesib, an extensive study using biochemical and biophysical techniques together with crystallography is presented in this thesis. Sustained chemotherapy imposes selection pressure on cancer cells, and can generate resistant mutants against chemotherapeutic agents. We have employed crystallographic, biochemical and biophysical approaches to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of resistance to Eg5 inhibition. These approaches establish that the point mutations in the inhibitor-binding pocket decrease the potency of SB743921, a potent Eg5 inhibitor binding at a site near loop L5, by more than 1000-fold. By determining crystal structures of the mutant Eg5 motor domains in the presence and absence of SB743921 and combining the results with calorimetric and molecular dynamics studies, we show that the development of resistance is due to changes in the global flexibility of the protein. In a second approach to address drug resistance towards allosteric inhibitors binding at the loop L5 site, we have also characterised inhibitor binding to a novel and distinct allosteric pocket in Eg5. This is the first experimental characterisation of protein-ligand interactions in this new site. These studies also revealed an unexpected second site. Extensive biophysical characterisation was used to determine the importance of each site to the observed biochemical activity. Finally, I have investigated kinesin-6 members as new targets for therapeutic intervention. Among kinesins involved in the mitotic phase, the members of kinesin-6 family are of particular interest as potential drug targets because of their important roles during the anaphase to telophase transition until completion of cell division by cytokinesis. This family consists of three members in humans; MKLP-1, MKLP-2 and MPP1 with a unique structural feature of a long insertion of around 100 amino acids in the loop L6 region. This unique feature makes them interesting not only as a drug target but also to understand their role in protein function. The motor domain of the kinesin-6 family members, MKLP-2 and MPP1 were cloned, expressed and purified and crystallisation trials were carried out. Moderately potent inhibitors were identified by biochemical screening of freely available compound collections. Selectivity analysis was also carried out against other kinesin members to provide specificity data about the inhibitor. In collaboration with Christophe Labiere from Dr. Catherine Guillou's laboratory at the CNRS, Gif-sur Yvette, France, a SAR investigation of the MKLP-2 inhibitor paprotrain was carried out using 135 analogues. This required extensive biochemical screening against MKLP-2 to identify more potent analogues of paprotrain. The first objective of this research is to investigate the mechanism by which existing Eg5 inhibitors block catalytic activity and the mechanism through which Eg5 develops resistance to these inhibitors. A second objective was to lay foundations for structural and biochemical characterisation of kinesin-6 family members. The results of this thesis provide a detailed understanding of Eg5 inhibition by ispinesib and describe an unexpected resistance mechanism towards allosteric Eg5 inhibitors dependent on unfavourable entropic effects in the mutant. The experimental characterisation of a new allosteric inhibitor binding site presented here, together with the crystal structure of an inhibitor binding at this site, provides a foundation for structure based design approaches. The work also provides an extensive study on MPP1 and MKLP-2 cloning, protein expression and purification together with screening and characterisation of their inhibitors.
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McCart, Amy Ellen. "Analysis of kinesin light chain 1 isoforms /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18624.pdf.
Full text
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Crevenna, Escobar Alvaro Hernan. "Kinesin-1 mechanical flexibility and motor cooperation." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1193308684832-88632.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional kinesin (kinesin-1) transports membrane-bounded cargos such as mitochondria and vesicles along microtubules. In vivo it is likely that several kinesins move a single organelle and it is important that they operate in a coordinated fashion so that they do not interfere with each other. Evidence for coordination comes from in vitro assays, which show that the gliding speed of a microtubule driven by many kinesins is as high as one driven by just a single kinesin molecule. Coordination is thought to be facilitated by flexible domains so that when one motor is bound another can work irrespectively of their orientations. The tail of kinesin-1 is predicted to be composed of a coiled-coil with two main breaks, the “swivel” (380-442 Dm numbering) and the hinge (560-624). The rotational Brownian motion of microtubules attached to a glass surface by single kinesin molecules was analyzed and measured the torsion elasticity constant. The deletion of the hinge and subsequent tail domains increase the stiffness of the motor (8±1 kBT/rad) compared to the full length (0.06±0.01 kBT/rad measured previously), but does not impair motor cooperation (700±16nm/s vs. full length 756±55nm/s - speed in high motor density motility assays). Removal of the swivel domain generates a stiff construct (7±1 kBT/rad), which is fully functional at single molecule (657±63nm/s), but it cannot work in large numbers (151±46nm/s). Due to the similar value of flexibility for both short construct (8±11 kBT/rad vs 7±1 1 kBT/rad) and their different behavior at high density (700±16 nm/s vs. 151±46 nm/s) a new hypothesis is presented, the swivel might have a strain dependent conformation. Using Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence the secondary structure of this tail region was studied. The central part of the swivel is dimeric α-helical and it is surrounded by random coils, thereby named helix-coil (HC) region. Furthermore, an experimental set-up is developed to exert a torque on individual kinesin molecules using hydrodynamic flow. The results obtained suggest for the first time the possibility that a structural element within the kinesin tail (HC region) has a force-dependent conformation and that this allows motor cooperation.
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Mitra, Aniruddha. "Sidestepping mechanism of yeast kinesin-8, Kip3." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233465.
Full textAbstract:
Kinesin-8 motors regulate the lengths of microtubules in cells. In previous studies, these motors have been shown to utilize their highly processive plus-end directed motility to reach microtubule plus-ends where they act as a microtubule depolymerase. The superprocessive motility importantly allows Kip3 motors to depolymerize microtubules in a length-dependent manner, the underlying mechanism of which has been described by an antenna model. During such long runs, motors in vivo are expected to frequently encounter roadblocks, such as microtubule associated proteins. The adaptions in the stepping mechanism that allow kinesin-8 motors to navigate around roadblocks to reach microtubule ends is not well understood. In this work, in vitro techniques were utilized to understand the navigation strategy of yeast kinesin-8, Kip3.
Three-dimensional stepping motility of Kip3 on the surface of microtubules can be inferred (i) indirectly from rotational motion of microtubules gliding along a surface coated with Kip3 and (ii) directly by three-dimensional tracking of Kip3 on freely suspended microtubules. Firstly, an impact-free method to detect rotations of gliding microtubules was established based on fluorescent speckles within the microtubule structure in combination with fluorescent interference contrast microscopy. Secondly, a suspended microtubule assay was established to obtain three- dimensional trajectories of single Kip3 motors, using Parallax, a dual-focus imaging technique.
The motility assays performed in this work revealed that Kip3 motors undergo left-handed helical motion around the microtubule lattice. This indicates that Kip3 employs a directed sidestepping strategy which is attributed to the motor having a flexible neck and/or a long neck linker. Interestingly, further analysis of the rotational motion revealed that the sidestepping of Kip3 is not directly coupled to the forward stepping. Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that the motor can transition from a two-head-bound conformation to a one-head-bound conformation while waiting for ATP. Whereas the motor can step forward from both states, sidestepping is strongly favored from the one-head-bound conformation. This hypothesis was confirmed through experiments as well as numerical simulations where the transition from the two-head-bound conformation to the one-head-bound conformation was enhanced by either prolonging the ATP waiting time or increasing the transition rate (by reducing the motor-microtubule interaction).
Finally, Kip3 based motility assays were performed using microtubules decorated with rigor binding kinesin-1 motors acting as roadblocks. While gliding assays using roadblock-decorated microtubules indicated a left-biased sidestepping strategy for Kip3, stepping assays revealed an additional diffusive component in the stepping motility of Kip3, along with the leftward bias. Taken together, it is hypothesized that Kip3 has a dual-mode roadblock circumnavigation strategy. Upon encountering a roadblock, the motor circumnavigates it (i) by shifting to the adjacent left microtubule protofilament using the biased sidestepping mechanism or (ii) by shifting microtubule protofilaments in an unbiased diffusive manner upon switching out of the step cycle. Therefore, the biophysical properties of Kip3 are fine-tuned to ensure that the motor reaches the microtubule plus-end to perform its depolymerase activity.
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Peet, Daniel R. "Mechanical inhibition of microtubule depolymerisation by kinesin." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79952/.
Full textAbstract:
Kinesin-driven transport of molecular cargo along microtubules is central to the self-organisation of eukaryotic cells. We investigated the effect of kinesin-1 on microtubule stability using in vitro techniques. We found that kinesin-1, which was previously reported to have no influence on microtubule dynamics, to reduce shrinkage rates by approximately two orders of magnitude if maintained in a nucleotide-free or ATP-bound state. No effect was observed in the presence of high ADP concentrations, indicating that the microtubule-stabilising ability of kinesin-1 is constrained to a subset of the kinetic states of its ATPase cycle. By decorating just one side of the microtubule lattice with kinesin, we were able to gain additional insights into the mechanics of microtubules. By stabilising just 2-3 protofilaments with kinesin, the structural integrity of most of the microtubule could be maintained. Curiously, in such circumstances the microtubule would split at its ends. We further showed that microtubule curvature induced by hydrodynamic flow is trapped or even increased by nucleotide-free kinesin. We propose a mechanism whereby kinesin-1 drives the conformation of polymerised GDP-tubulin into a slightly elongated and shrinkage-resistant conformation. This is essentially the converse mechanism of that reported for the kinesin-13, MCAK, which supports tubulin in a curved conformation that is incompatible with the microtubule lattice.
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Williams, Lucy Suzanne. "Analysis of kinesin-1 function in vivo." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610598.
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Crevenna, Escobar Alvaro Hernan. "Kinesin-1 mechanical flexibility and motor cooperation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23868.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional kinesin (kinesin-1) transports membrane-bounded cargos such as mitochondria and vesicles along microtubules. In vivo it is likely that several kinesins move a single organelle and it is important that they operate in a coordinated fashion so that they do not interfere with each other. Evidence for coordination comes from in vitro assays, which show that the gliding speed of a microtubule driven by many kinesins is as high as one driven by just a single kinesin molecule. Coordination is thought to be facilitated by flexible domains so that when one motor is bound another can work irrespectively of their orientations. The tail of kinesin-1 is predicted to be composed of a coiled-coil with two main breaks, the “swivel” (380-442 Dm numbering) and the hinge (560-624). The rotational Brownian motion of microtubules attached to a glass surface by single kinesin molecules was analyzed and measured the torsion elasticity constant. The deletion of the hinge and subsequent tail domains increase the stiffness of the motor (8±1 kBT/rad) compared to the full length (0.06±0.01 kBT/rad measured previously), but does not impair motor cooperation (700±16nm/s vs. full length 756±55nm/s - speed in high motor density motility assays). Removal of the swivel domain generates a stiff construct (7±1 kBT/rad), which is fully functional at single molecule (657±63nm/s), but it cannot work in large numbers (151±46nm/s). Due to the similar value of flexibility for both short construct (8±11 kBT/rad vs 7±1 1 kBT/rad) and their different behavior at high density (700±16 nm/s vs. 151±46 nm/s) a new hypothesis is presented, the swivel might have a strain dependent conformation. Using Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence the secondary structure of this tail region was studied. The central part of the swivel is dimeric α-helical and it is surrounded by random coils, thereby named helix-coil (HC) region. Furthermore, an experimental set-up is developed to exert a torque on individual kinesin molecules using hydrodynamic flow. The results obtained suggest for the first time the possibility that a structural element within the kinesin tail (HC region) has a force-dependent conformation and that this allows motor cooperation.
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Learman, Sarah Sebring. "Small-Molecule Control of Kinesin-5 Proteins." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26579.
Full textAbstract:
Mitosis, or cell division, is the mechanism by which cells divide and is an intricate process requiring the action and control of numerous proteins. Such proteins serve either as structural entities within the mitotic spindle, or perform the â workâ within the apparatus. In particular, Kinesin-5 motor proteins, a subset within the kinesin motor protein superfamily, are primarily responsible for organization of microtubules (MTs) within the mitotic apparatus, and are consequently vital for efficient mitosis. These proteins utilize energy from ATP hydrolysis in order to â walkâ along antiparallel MTs, positioning them into the bipolar mitotic spindle. Loss of Kinesin-5 activity results in formation of a monoastral spindle and subsequent cell cycle arrest.
Recently, a wide variety of small molecules have been identified that possess the ability to inhibit certain Kinesin-5 motors. Such compounds, including monastrol (the first Kinesin-5 inhibitor identified), have been employed to study Kinesin-5 activity. A thorough understanding of Kinesin-5 function, combined with the ability to specifically target these proteins with small molecules, may provide the capability to control cell division and may therefore have significant implications in anti-cancer therapies.
The following dissertation describes research that utilizes small molecules to probe the function (ATPase activity and MT interactions) of various Kinesin-5 proteins and provides information that will lead to a better understanding of exactly how such proteins function in vivo. Further, a greater knowledge of Kinesin-5 protein activity as well as specific interactions with small-molecule compounds, may lead to the development of more potent, less toxic anti-cancer drugs.Ph. D.