Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kinetic Family Drawing Test'

Bibliography: pages 131-140.
Kinetic Family Drawings (KFDs) are Projective drawings which require the drawer to give 'action' to the depicted figures. A number of studies have been conducted following its inception in 1970. (Burns & Kaufman, 1970; 1972). Upon examination of these studies, however, it is evident that those studies pertaining to aspects of family functioning obtained significant results to a greater degree. It was the contention of the present study, that the KFD may be measuring aspects of family functioning. The present study thus incorporated a measure of family functioning, the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) (Epstein, Baldwin & Bishop, 1983), to assess whether KFD depictions were indices of family functioning. The results were obtained through KFDs of 96 individuals who constituted 24 families. These individuals consisted of (n=48) parents and (n=48) adolescents. Due to constraints of research design, there were unequal numbers of males and females i.e. 38 males and 58 females.

South Africa is a multi-cultural society where an interplay exists between families and broader social structures. The countries historical legacy pre-dates the Apartheid era and society currently reflects the transformation that has occurred over the last decade. Government has emphasised the rebuilding of the nation, focusing specifically on rebuilding severed family units. The acknowledgement of altered family structures reflects in the Governments White and Green Papers. Children s drawings portray family structures from their subjective perceptions. The use of the Kinetic Family Drawing test have been utilised in this study to assess whether this test is culturally sensitive to the South African context. This study assessed KFD protocols from a community clinic in Mamelodi, Pretoria where access to Psychological services are free. Five protocols were interpreted according to the Westernised manual developed by Burns and Kaufman (1970, 1972) and from the cross-culturally validated system by Wegmann and Lusebrink (2000). It was found that neither system were completely culturally sensitive to the South African context. Trauma, adverse incidents and the intergenerational psychological impact of disintegrated family units require more emphasis. When interpreting the KFD in this context, the clinician requires a thorough knowledge of the social, historical and political elements of the child s environment and their perceived role within the family. Additionally, an understanding of attachment principles assists greatly in evaluating a holistic understanding of the child s drawing.
Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Psychology
MA
Unrestricted

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicossomática
Tendo por base os inúmeros estudos realizados sobre a figura complexa de Rey (forma A), esta investigação pretende explorar alguns aspectos relacionados com a problemática subjacente às crianças com diagnóstico médico de alergia, à luz e uma perspectiva psicossomática. A amostra em estudo foi recolhida na consulta de Imunoalergologia da Clínica Pediátrica Universitária do Hospital de Santa Maria, em Lisboa, mediante a análise do processo clínico de cada criança. É composta por 22 crianças, com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os nove anos de idade inclusivé, com diagnóstico médico de alergia confirmado pelos exames complementares de diagnóstico: Testes cutâneos em prick positivos e e/ou exames in vitro _ IgE total sérica e IgE específica. Este estudo trata-se de uma investigação clínica-psicossomática de carácter não experimentai já que não se pretende introduzir modificações ao longo da recolha dos dados e descritivo visando desenvolver ideias ou hipóteses sobre o modo como os factos se encontram relacionados entre si. É exploratório e transversal na medida era que possibilita a recolha de dados sobre a eventual plausibilidade do problema apenas num determinado momento. Na selecção dos instrumentos considerou-se que, para além da figura complexa de Rey (forma A) deveriam ser utilizados outros recursos que servissem de suporte a uma melhor compreensão dos dados obtidos, nomeadamente, questionário-anamnese, desenho da figura humana, desenho de círculos representativos da família e Rorschach. No que diz respeito ao funcionamento da criança com alergia foi possível verificar que, estas apresentam algumas particularidades ao nível do seu plano genético e imunitário, ritmos biológicos e corporais e vida relacional/psicológica, no entanto, não é possível a constatação de uma frequência significativa de traços estruturais relativamente a estes aspectos referidos na literatura por inúmeros autores. Pode falar-se, então, de especificidades associadas a uma determinada patologia psicossomática que é a alergia. Conclui-se esta investigação afirmando que a figura complexa de Rey encerra em si mesma a possibilidade de uma análise precisa dos diferentes aspectos que abordam o funcionamento da criança com alergia de uma perspectiva psicossomática, nomeadamente, ao nível da organização do espaço e do tempo, da projecção da imagem do corpo, da lateralidade e ritmicidade entre percepção e projecção e os recursos do imaginário. A figura complexa de Rey revela uma versatilidade e riqueza em termos de princípios e objectivos que, em última análise e em termos teórico-práticos, nos leva a considerá-la como uma exímia prova de avaliação em clínica psicossomática. Esta adequação, no entanto, não deve ser reduzida a este campo de análise visto poder, pelo seu valor, abranger outras áreas de estudo.

O estudo dos distúrbios alimentares tem recebido cada vez mais atenção por parte da comunidade científica nas últimas décadas, devido ao seu alarmante incremento na população mundial. Embora as primeiras descrições clínicas da anorexia nervosa datem do século XIX, o aumento recente de casos de transtornos alimentares no contexto de uma sociedade que faz culto ao corpo e à magreza permite pensar na anorexia como um dos quadros psicopatológicos emblemáticos da contemporaneidade. Considerando-se a amplitude e a complexidade do campo dos transtornos alimentares e a escassez de trabalhos que utilizam técnicas projetivas, esta pesquisa visou intensificar e aprofundar essa linha de pesquisa. O objetivo principal foi identificar e descrever aspectos dinâmicos e estruturais da personalidade de pacientes com diagnóstico de anorexia, a partir do referencial teórico psicanalítico. Para realizar a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas a Entrevista Clínica e três técnicas projetivas: o Desenho da Família, o Questionário Desiderativo e o Teste de Relações Objetais, aplicados em três pacientes com diagnóstico de anorexia, internadas no Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq- HC/FMUSP). A análise dos dados evidenciou que as participantes desta pesquisa carecem de recursos psíquicos desenvolvidos para elaborar lutos e manifestam sentimentos de desesperança e futilidade nas tentativas de reparação do objeto. Também foi constatado que há um desarranjo da dinâmica das relações objetais estabelecidas pelas participantes. Ainda foi observado que, no Desenho da Família, o alimento tem um papel fundamental na dinâmica familiar. Finalmente, verificou-se que a participante com diagnóstico de anorexia restritiva apresenta recursos defensivos mais desenvolvidos que as participantes diagnosticadas como anoréxicas purgativas
The study of eating disorders has increasingly attracted the scientific community´s attention in the last decades because of their alarming rise in the world population. Although the first clinical descriptions of nervous anorexia date from the 19th century, the recent increase of eating disorder cases in the context of a society that worships body and thinness let us think of anorexia as an emblematic psychopathological picture of the contemporary times. Taking into account the range and the complexity of the study of eating disorders and the lack of researches using projective techniques, this study aimed at intensifying and deepening this line of research. The main objective was to identify and to describe the dynamic and structural aspects of the personality of patients whose diagnosis was anorexia, from the theoretical psychoanalytic referential. Data was collected through the Clinical Interview and three projective techniques: the Drawing of the Family, the Desiderative Questionnaire and the Object Relations Technique, which were applied to three anorexia patients who were interned at the Psychiatry Institute of Hospital das Clínicas/University of São Paulo´s Medicine School (IPq-HC/FMUSP). The datum analysis showed that the research participants lacked developed psychic resources to elaborate mourning and that they have feelings of hopelessness and futility when trying to repair the object. It was also found out that there is a disarrangement in the dynamics of the object relations established by the participants. Moreover, it was observed, in the Drawing of the Family, that food plays a fundamental role in the family dynamics. Finally, it was found out that the patient with restrictive anorexia has more developed defensive resources than the participants with purgative anorexia

Les changements sociaux mettent aujourd'hui en question les identités individuelles et collectives, le rapport à soi-même et aux autres. À partir d'une méthodologie croisée, ce travail interroge la construction de l'identité en fonction du lien social, en comparant les dessins d'enfants québécois et ivoiriens (méthode projective de quatre dessins : libre, bonhomme, famille, famille idéale). Huit études de cas, de même qu'une comparaison statistique avec des données internationales (France, Russie, Vietnam), mettent en lumière des différences culturelles. La primauté de la représentation de soi-même, spécifique au Québec, et l'absence du sujet dans le dessin, particulière à la Côte d'Ivoire, font l'objet d'un examen particulier. Le dessin témoignant des identifications à l'interface subjective et sociale, la synthèse des résultats révèle la possibilité d'un lien entre le sujet solipsiste moderne et une organisation identificatoire privilégiant des figures du Même ou du semblable, qui implique des aspects régressifs. L'identification (secondaire) à des figures de l'Autre, nécessaire à la construction d'idéaux et d'une identité qui puisse se projeter dans l'avenir, paraît facilitée dans un lien social où une tradition symbolique fonctionne. De manière générale, l'identité est à penser comme un équilibre entre mêmeté et altérité, dont le lien social viendra faire varier la configuration.

ABSTRACT The discriminative ability and interrater reliability of one quantitative method of scoring Kinetic Family Drawings, (KFDJs), was explored, focusing on a little researched population - that of sexually abused versus non-referred Zulu speaking females between 7 and 11 years of age. An additional 20 indicators, suggested by various research to be frequent in the human figure drawings of (Western) sexually abused children, were also evaluated. The KFD's of 28 subjects were obtained. The 14 experimental group subjects were drawn from an organisation which deals extensively with the child survivors and perpetrators of sexual abuse. The 14 control group subjects were drawn from alocal primary school and had no known history of sexual abuse. Results were interpreted empirically. Results suggested that although the scoring system may be reliable, it is sensitive to the training, theoretical stance, etc. of the user. It was also suggested that the indicators used were not, as used by the scorers, able to distinguish between the KFDJs of the control and experimental groups. The relevance of certain of the indicators to South African populations was questioned since they were not scored at all by the scorers. In view of the researcher's perception of shortcomings with this approach, she attempted to describe more fully that which was depicted in the KFD's collected. Finally, several comments on the utility of viewing drawings from social constructivist, deconstructionist and social constructionist understandings as a complement to qualitative and quantitative approaches to the KFD were made. Suggestions as to how the KFD could be fruitfully used were proffered. It was contended that the KFD technique is not suitable for the use of lower level health care workers, that KFD's may have value in therapeutic settings, and that quantitative methods are simply one set of meanings which could be used to (partly) understand KFD's - attending to the child's context and the meanings he/she attributes to the various aspects of the KFD was contended to be important.
Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

碩士
國立臺南大學
教育經營與管理研究所
93
The purpose of this study was to explore emotionally disturbed and normal children''s performance on the Kinetic Family Drawing and narration. 12 children（9 emotionally disturbed children and 3 normal children）were selected from 171 children aged 10 from three different elementary schools. The children then finished their KFDs and narrations. This study applied “Template Analysis Style” to analyze the collected data. All the narrations were coded by the researcher and a co-analyst according to the “KFD Narration Guide”. Based on the results and discussions of the study, the researcher had conclusions as follows: 1、The more objective the drawing indicator was, the more correct the judgment of the family climate was. Narrations helped clarify the meaning of the drawing indicator. The interaction of figures and facial features were the most objective and consistent for all readers. Although the ordering of figures and distance had good explanations to the children''s psychodynamic, they needed children''s narration to support these explanations. 2、Different maladjusted indicators showed in different types of children''s KFDs. We could see small figures and facing into drawing only in the emotionally disturbed children''s KFDs. Lining at the top of the paper, lining on the bottom of the paper and underlining individual figures only showed up in the normal children''s KFDs. 3、Gender made a difference in performance in the drawings. Only 3 boys had small figures and high-similarity between all figures. On the contrary, girls could discriminate the difference between figures. Another feature of girl''s drawing was “big eyes”. What made the difference is gender, rather than adjustment or intelligence. 4、Only using drawing styles, content, and themes couldn''t discriminate emotionally disturbed children from normal ones. The interaction of figures, facial features, and narrations helped understand the children''s mental states. 5、Emotionally disturbed children with family factor lacked expressions of positive emotion and self-concept. They had more mirror-concept and negative emotions like sadness, tension, apathy, anger, and complaint. 6、Most of the parents’ behavior is Nurturance and blame, but mothers had more expectations, support and advice than fathers.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
幼兒與家庭教育學系碩士班
98
This study focused on exploring the representations of Immigrated and general family children’s Kinetic Family Drawing. According to refer the theories and researches of Kinetic Family Drawing, researcher discussed with advisor to design a scoring system of Kinetic Family Drawings to analyze the collected all subjects’ pictures. There were 180 children, who were the first to second grade students in Taipei city and countries. There divided two groups: 90 immigrated family children and 90 general family children respectively. All collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi square, independent t-test, one-way Anova. From all children’s pictures of Kinetic Family Drawing(KFD), this study found the results as following: 1. Age influenced on the child how to portray the composition of the KFD. 2. The immigrated family children’s KFD presented the phenomenon that the figure of fathers more close that the general family children did. 3. The general family children’s KFD presented the figures of mother’s activities were more inclined leisure time than the immigrated family children did. Based on the results, this study suggested as an information for parents, educators, social and education agencies, even for the counseling institutes. Hopefully, this study could promote someone else to do advanced researches in the future.

碩士
臺南師範學院
國民教育研究所
87
The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation of elementary children’s life adjustment and their performance on kinetic family drawings(KFD), landscape montages(LM). Furthermore, analyzing the different performance on the drawings between well-adjusted children and less well-adjusted ones. Then researcher would like to find out the features of graphic symbol on kinetic family drawings and landscape montages of less-well adjusted children to serve as〝Kinetic Family Drawing Life Adjustment Indicators〞and 〝Landscape Montages Life Adjustment Indicators〞. 714 children from fourth to sixth grades in Tainan City and Chiayi County was sampled in this study . Elementary School Children Life Adjustment Scale were used as the tool to select these two comparison groups . 102 children who were selected for less-well adjusted and with other 94 compared children who were well-adjusted. They were administered KFD and LM. The coding results were rates by three coders. Chi-square test , point-biserial correlation and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The main finding and conclusions were as followings: 1. There are significant difference between less-well adjusted group and well-adjusted on graphic feature of the KFDs and LMs. 2. There were significant correlation between some graphic features of KFD, LM and Elementary School Children’s Life Adjustment Scale. 3. Some graphic features of KFD and LM can accounts for life adjustment efficiently, and these graphic features would be regarded as 〝Kinetic Family Drawing Life Adjustment Indicators〞and〝Landscape Montages Life Adjustment Indicators〞. 4. Finding out the most and least frequencies of graphic indicator showed on KFDs and LMs of less well-adjusted children and well-adjusted ones individually to serves as diagnostic standard. Based upon the above results, suggestions for counseling as well as future studies were offered.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
O Desenho da Família Cinética é uma técnica de avaliação projetiva que pretende avaliar as perceções das crianças relativas aos vínculos familiares através da realização de um desenho que tem como instrução “desenhar a sua família a fazer alguma coisa”. Dada a escassez de investigação neste domínio, esta investigação tem um carácter exploratório e teve como objetivo principal analisar a frequência das temáticas abordadas pelo Desenho da Família Cinética, bem como a adequabilidade dos critérios de correção deste instrumento, considerando o contexto português numa escola no Nordeste do país. A amostra é constituída por 50 alunos, distribuídos equitativamente por ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 7 anos e 0 meses e 8 anos e 11 meses. A adequabilidade dos critérios de correção desta prova foi realizada a partir da análise da frequência dos diferentes indicadores que a compõem, fazendo, igualmente, uma análise de cariz mais qualitativo referente aos indicadores que não se integravam no Manual Interpretativo do instrumento. A análise empírica foi realizada através do software estatístico SPSS. Os resultados demonstraram que é necessário proceder-se a uma atualização dos indicadores de análise do DFC, sendo que o que se pode considerar como desviante numa cultura, numa outra poderá ser normativo. Numa perspetiva mais qualitativa, os resultados apontam para a necessidade de incluir novos itens e categorias no instrumento de avaliação, bem como o aperfeiçoamento relativo à cotação dos mesmos, o que minimizará a interferência da subjetividade do avaliador na cotação da prova.
Kinetic Family Drawing is a projective assessment technique that aims to assess children's perceptions of family ties, by drawing a drawing that is designed to “your family doing something, include him”. Due to the lack of research in this field, we aim to explore and investigate the normative frequency of the themes approached by the Kinetic Family Drawing, as well as the adequacy of the correction criteria of this instrument, considering the Portuguese context in a school in the northeast of the country. The sample consists of fifty students, equally distributed between both genres, aged between seven years and zero months old and eigth years and eleven months old. The appropriateness of the correction criteria for this test was performed by analysing the frequency of the different indicators that compose it and by doing a more qualitative analysis regarding the indicators that were not included in the Interpretive Manual of the Kinetic Family Drawing. The empirical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. The results showed that it is necessary to update the Kinetic Family Drawing analysis indicators, and what can be considered idiosyncratic in a culture, can be normative in another. In a more qualitative perspective, the results show that it is necessary to include new items and categories in the assessment instrument and to improve their quotation, which will minimize the interference of the subjectivity of the evaluator in the test quotation.

The master's dissertation work is focused on the psychological diagnostics method - the test of an enchanted family drawing of the young children. The theoretical part of the diploma work generally describes the age of young children, children's family background, the ways of family functioning, development drawing of the young children and the method - the test of an enchanted family drawing. The practical part analyses the collection of 57 children's drawings to describe the most frequent symbols of the enchanted family drawing.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
Introdução teórica: O Desenho da Família Cinética pretende avaliar as perceções e sentimentos da criança, relativamente aos vínculos familiares. Objetivo: Considerando a carência de informação sobre este instrumento, em contraste à sua ampla utilização enquanto técnica de avaliação psicológica, pretende-se analisar a adequabilidade dos seus critérios de correção e as temáticas predominantes na ação representada no desenho. Metodologia: Participaram no estudo 47 crianças de ambos os sexos pertencentes a um agrupamento de escolas do Centro do país, das quais 22 com idades compreendidas entre os 6 anos e os 6 anos e 11 meses (M= 80.77; DP= 2.092) e 25 entre os 9 anos e os 9 anos e 11 meses (M= 116.36; DP= 2.119). Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados remetem para a necessidade de atualização de alguns itens e inclusão de novos, atenuando a subjetividade do avaliador. Em termos das ações representadas nos desenhos verificou-se que em ambos os grupos etários surgem tanto atividades conjuntas realizadas em família como atividades não conjuntas, sendo mais frequentemente representadas as primeiras. Para além disso, surgem novos símbolos no desenho, nomeadamente os aparelhos eletrónicos. Conclusões: Conclui-se, que alguns itens de análise devem ser atualizados, devido ao caráter datado que apresentam. Para além disso, devem ser interpretados com cautela em contextos, que não aquele para o qual o teste foi desenvolvido, tornando-se necessário analisar outros aspetos da criança. Este estudo foi vantajoso por ser constituído por uma amostra normativa, face à carência de estudos com a mesma. No entanto, mais estudos são precisos, nomeadamente sobre a validade e fidedignidade dos critérios de correção deste instrumento.
Theoretical Introduction: The Kinetic Family Drawing aims at evaluating the perceptions and feelings of children towards family bonds. Objectives: Considering the lack of information on this instrument, as opposed to its wide application as a psychological evaluation technique, this study aims at analyzing the suitability of its correction criteria and the frequency of themes approached on the drawing. Method: Fourty seven children, both boys and girls, from a school in the central area of Portugal participated in the study, 22 aged between 6 years and 6 years and 11 months (M= 80.77; SD= 2.092) and 25 aged between 9 years and 9 years and 11 months (M= 116.36; SD= 2.119). Results and Discussion: The results point to the need to update some items, include new ones and improve their quotation system, attenuating the evaluator’s subjectivity. The results point to the need to update some items, include new ones and improve their quotation system, attenuating the evaluator’s subjectivity. In terms of the actions represented in the drawings, we noticed the appearance of both family and unfamily activities in both groups. However, the first option is the most frequent one. Furthermore, new symbols emerge in the draw, specifically electronic devices. Conclusions: Some evaluation items should be updated due to their dated character. Moreover, they must be carefully interpreted, especially if they are not applyed in the original context, highlighting other aspects of children. Giving the fact that this was the first study using a normative sample, its importance should be emphasized. However, further studies are necessary focusing the validity and reliability of this instrument' correction criteria.

The master's dissertation work is focused on one of the psychological diagnostics methods {--} the test of an enchanted family drawing. The theoretical part of the diploma work generally describes child's family background, relationship between members of the family and character of an incomplete family. The attention is also paid to the specificity of child's creative development and drawing psychological diagnostics methods. The practical part analyses the collection of 56 children{\crq}s drawings with a view to express the most common tendencies in enchantment and adumbrate projections of family members characteristics and family aspects into the enchanted family drawing.

Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have many devastating impacts, including the growing number of AIDS-orphans left without care. In the study, semi-structured interviews, incomplete sentences and Kinetic family drawings were used to explore the life-experiences and perceptions of AIDS-orphans living in kinship foster care, from a Gestalt perspective. The study revealed that the majority of the AIDS-orphans included were making good contact at the contact boundary and all the respondents were not familiar with the term 'foster care'. The researcher therefore recommended that children are educated about foster care at school, thus possibly increasing the awareness of foster care in South Africa, thus possibly increasing the provision of homes for the vastly growing numbers of AIDS-orphans in our country and perhaps make a difference in society.
Sociology
M. Diac. (Play therapy)