Relevant bibliographies by topics / Kinetické procesy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Kinetické procesy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Kinetické procesy"

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Wulan, Praswasti PDK, Widodo W. Purwanto, Yuswan Muharam, and Anindya Adiwardhana. "Parameter kinetika reaksi dekomposisi katalitik metana menjadi karbon nanotube dengan katalis Ni-Cu-Al." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 11, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.1.5.

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Kinetic Parameter of Methane catalytic Decomposition Reaction into Nanotube Carbon with Ni-Cu-Al Catalyst. Development of production technology of nanotubes carbon through catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons will be efficient and effective if based on knowledge of the nucleation and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes. Most of the research that focused on identifying the main products of reaction and estimate the activation energy. Growth kinetics and mechanism data of carbon nanotubes not completely available, so that process kinetics models are always based on experimental kinetic data. The objective of this research is to obtain kinetic parameters of catalytic decomposition of methane using the catalyst Ni-Cu-Al with composition of 2:1:1 which was prepared by co-precipitation method using natrium carbonate solution precipitant. Experimental kinetic data were taken in the temperature range of 650-750 °C and pressure of 1 atmosphere. Kinetic data were tested by micro-kinetic model derived from the catalytic surface reaction mechanism. The most appropriate kinetic model with experimental result is the adsorption stage which shows that consumption of intermediate (reaction surface) faster than the formation of intermediate (adsorption of methane). Kinetic parameters obtained are activation energy of 40,6 kJ/mole and pre-exponential factor of 8,625 x 106. Keywords: methane decomposition, hydrogen, carbon nanotubes, co-precipitation, kinetics of reactionAbstrak Pengembangan teknologi produksi karbon nanotube melalui konversi katalitik hidrokarbon akan efisien dan efektif jika didasarkan pada pengetahuan mekanisme nukleasi dan pertumbuhan karbon nanotube. Sebagian besar studi melakukan riset yang difokuskan pada identifikasi produk utama reaksi dan estimasi energi aktivasi. Data kinetika dan mekanisme pertumbuhan karbon nanotube tidak tersedia dengan lengkap sehingga model kinetika proses selalu didasarkan pada data kinetika eksperimen. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan studi untuk memperoleh parameter kinetika reaksi dekomposisi katalitik metana menggunakan katalis Ni-Cu-Al dengan target komposisi 2:1:1 yang dipreparasi dengan metode kopresipitasi menggunakan presipitan larutan natrium karbonat. Data kinetika eksperimen diambil pada rentang temperatur 650-750 oC dan tekanan 1 atmosfer. Data kinetika diuji dengan model kinetika mikro yang diturunkan dari mekanisme reaksi permukaan katalis. Model kinetika yang paling sesuai dengan hasil percobaan adalah tahap adsorpsi yang menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi intermediate (reaksi permukaan) lebih cepat dari pembentukan intermediate (adsorpsi metana). Parameter kinetika yang diperoleh berupa Energi aktivasi sebesar 40,6 kJ/mol dan faktor pre-eksponensial 8,625 x 106.Kata kunci: dekomposisi metana, hidrogen, karbon nanotube, kopresipitasi, kinetika reaksi
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Dyachok, Vasil. "Extraction Process of Intracellular Substance." Chemistry and Chemical Technology 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2010): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.02.163.

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In this study the mathematical model of the extraction process from plant material is developed, taking into account the anatomical structure of plant material, namely the presence of cellular and intercellular spaces. The solution of the model enables to determine its kinetic coefficients Dc, Dt, process conditions, and predict the kinetics of the extraction process implementation in practice.
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Pustějovská, Pavlína, and Simona Jursová. "Process Engineering in Iron Production." Chemical and Process Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2013-0006.

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Abstract Balance, thermodynamic and mainly kinetic approaches using methods of process engineering enable to determine conditions under which iron technology can actually work in limiting technological states, at the lowest reachable fuel consumption (reducing factor) and the highest reachable productivity accordingly. Kinetic simulation can be also used for variant prognostic calculations. The paper deals with thermodynamics and kinetics of iron making process. It presents a kinetic model of iron oxide reduction in a low temperature area. In the experimental part it deals with testing of iron ore feedstock properties. The theoretical and practical limits determined by heat conditions, feedstock reducibility and kinetics of processes are calculated.
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Fatmawati, Akbarningrum. "Model kinetika inhibisi substrat pada pertumbuhan Kluyveromyces lactis." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 8, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2009.8.2.3.

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Substrat inhibition kinetic model of Kluyveromyces lactis growthFood industry waste such as whey may be utilized as substrates in fermentation processes. Kluyveromyces lactis is yeast that can metabolize the lactose content of whey. In fermentation process design, the kinetics data and growth model of the microorganism are essential. This research was done to identify the growth kinetic model of Kluyveromyces lactis FNCC 3024 in lactose, glucose, and galactose substrates. Substrate concentration was varied as 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 g/L. Yeast growth profile in glucose and lactose substrates indicated substrate inhibition effect, while the growth profile in galactose substrate did not. Non-competitive substrate inhibition kinetic model was more suitable for glucose and lactose models, with a relatively small sum of squares of errors, namely 9.956 x 10-3 for glucose and 3.777 x 10-3 for lactose. Monod kinetic model for galactose substrate produced the lowest sum of squares of errors, namely 1.358 x 10-3. The maximum specific growth rate obtained from the modeling for glucose, lactose, and galactose substrates were 0.295, 0.265, and 0.147 hour-1.Keywords: kinetics, growth, inhibition, substrate, Kluyveromyces lactis Abstrak Limbah industri makanan seperti whey dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai substrat dalam proses fermentasi. Kluyveromyces lactis adalah salah satu ragi yang dapat memetabolisme kandungan laktosa dari whey. Pada perancangan proses fermentasi sangat diperlukan data kinetika dan model pertumbuhan dari mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui model kinetika pertumbuhan batch Kluyveromyces lactis FNCC 3024 pada substrat laktosa, glukosa dan galaktosa. Konsentrasi substrat divariasi sebesar 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 dan 150 g/L. Profil pertumbuhan ragi pada substrat glukosa dan laktosa menunjukkan adanya inhibisi substrat sedangkan profil pertumbuhan pada substrat galaktosa inhibisi substrat tidak tampak. Model kinetika inhibisi subtrat non-kompetitif lebih tepat digunakan untuk substrat glukosa dan laktosa dengan kuadrat beda yang cukup kecil yaitu 9,956 x 10-3 untuk glukosa dan 3,777 x 10-3 untuk laktosa. Model kinetika Monod untuk substrat galaktosa memberikan jumlah kuadrat residual terkecil yaitu 1,358 x 10-3. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum yang dihasilkan dan pemodelan untuk substrat glukosa, laktosa dan galaktosa berturut-turut adalah 0,295, 0,265 dan 0,147 jam-1.Kata kunci : kinetika, pertumbuhan, inhibisi, substrat, Kuyveromyces lactis
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Shirinyan, A. S., and Mykola Pasichnyy. "Hysteresis in the Process of Phase Separation of Nanopowder." Defect and Diffusion Forum 237-240 (April 2005): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.237-240.1252.

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The influence of thermodynamic constraints like the size, depletion, surface tension and kinetic constraints like energy barrier for diffusion on nonsteady separation kinetics in binary nanopowder is investigated. Here we present a numeric analysis of size hysteresis and its peculiarities using the standard kinetic equation approach.
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Erceg, Matko, Miće Jakić, and Irena Krešić. "Utjecaj istraživača na rezultate kinetičke analize toplinske razgradnje polimera." Kemija u industriji 69, no. 9-10 (2020): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/kui.2020.044.

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U ovom radu ispitivan je utjecaj istraživača na rezultate kinetičke analize neizotermne toplinske razgradnje četiri polimera. Analizirani polimeri imaju različite stupnjeve složenosti razgradnog procesa. Kinetičku analizu provelo je troje istraživača, jedan znanstveni savjetnik, jedan znanstveni suradnik te jedan doktorand, a svi su se koristili istim eksperimentalnim termogravimetrijskim podatcima te istim kinetičkim programom (Netzsch Thermokinetics Professional). Rezultati nedvojbeno pokazuju da istraživači imaju značajan utjecaj na rezultate kinetičke analize, budući da su procese neizotermne toplinske razgradnje svih uzoraka opisali različitim kinetičkim shemama i time različitim kinetičkim parametrima.
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Jobe, B., N. S. Rattan, and H. S. Ramaswamy. "Kinetics of Quality Attributes of Potato Particulates during Cooking Process." International Journal of Food Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0341.

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Abstract Kinetics of thermal texture softening, color change and loss of ascorbic acid in potato (Solanum tuberosum) were investigated at selected temperature range (70–100°C) and heating time range (0–50 min). Cut samples of potatoes were heated in a constant temperature water bath at various temperatures. Heat-treated samples were evaluated for texture, color and ascorbic acid by use of a texture-testing machine, a color meter and spectrophotometer, respectively. The biphasic first-order model, the fractional conversion model and the simple first-order model were used for fitting experimental data of time dependence kinetics, while the simple first-order model and Arrhenius model were used for temperature dependence kinetics. The results indicated that the biphasic first-order model can match well to the texture softening of potato samples, the fractional conversion model can well describe the kinetics of color, and the simple first-order model can be used for the kinetics of ascorbic acid. The kinetic parameters including decimal deduction time (D), reaction rate (k), temperature dependence (z) and activation energy (Ea) were determined by the nonlinear regression method. The correlation matrix between quality attributes including texture properties, color and ascorbic acid loss was developed based on the kinetic models. The results obtained from this study were compared with those previously reported.
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Juliastuti, S. R., J. Baeyens, C. Creemers, and J. Degreve. "Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 4, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.7.

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Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification The nitrification process is the bottleneck step in the total nitrogen removal. The formation of nitrate is considered as the rate limiting step in the whole process and its kinetics determine the design of the nitrification reactor. Heavy metals (Zn2+ and Cu2+) and different organic compounds are used as micropollutants. These kinetics were experimentally measured by respirometry. In line with the aim of the paper, the experimental investigation are conducted to develop design equations to describe kinetic rate relationships under optimum conditions, study the parameter influence such as pH and inhibition by reaction intermediates and inhibition by external pollutants. Results demonstrate that the maximum value of the specific growth rate of autotrophic biomass() is 1.02 day at pH=7 and decreases at pH 7.5; inhibition occurs at substrate (NH4) concentrations in excess of 15 mg N/l; inhibition occurs at increasing concentrations of NO –N and Cu2+ has more pronounced inhibitory effect than Zn2+. The inhibitory effect of organic compounds are listed as the Chlorobenzene > Trichloroethylene> Phenol> Ethyl benzene; the experimental oxygen uptake rate (OUR)-test results the autotrophic kinetic parameter values, which can be used in design equations. Keywords: Respirometry, Autotrophic Biomass, Nitrification, Oxygen Uptake Rate Abstrak Proses nitrifikasi merupakan langkah penting pada penurunan kadar total nitrogen. Pembentukan nitrat dianggap sebagai tahap pembatas kecepatan reaksi pada keseluruhan proses dan kinetikanya menentukan perancangan dari bagian proses nitrifikasi. Logam berat (Zn2+ dan Cu2+) dan berbagai jenis komponen organik digunakan sebagai mikropolutan. Kinetika ini secara eksperimental diukur menggunakan respirometer. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan persamaan perancangan yang menggambarkan hubungan laju kinetika pada kondisi optimum, studi pengaruh parameter seperti pH, inhibisi karena reaksi intermediat, dan inhibisi oleh polutan dari luar. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan sebagai berikut: harga laju pertumbuhan biomasa autotrof maksimum spesifik adalah 1,02 hari-1 pada pH=7 dan menurun pada pH 7,5; inhibisi terjadi pada konsentrasi substrat (NH4+) lebih besar dari 15 mg N/l; inhibisi terjadi pada peningkatan konsentrasi NO -N ;Cu2+ lebih dikenal sebagai penyebab inhibisi daripada Zn2+. Efek inhibisi dari komponen organik di daftar mulai dari Chlorobenzene sampai Ethylbenzen. Tes OUR menghasilkan harga parameter kinetika yang dapat dipakai pad apersamaan perencanaan lumpur aktif nitrifikasi. Kata Kunci: Respirometer, BiomasaAutotrof, Nitrifikasi, Laju Kenaikan Oksigen
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WU, Jia-Wei, Zhi-Xin WANG, and Jun-Mei ZHOU. "Inactivation kinetics of dihydrofolate reductase from Chinese hamster during urea denaturation." Biochemical Journal 324, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3240395.

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The kinetic theory of substrate reaction during modification of enzyme activity has been applied to the study of inactivation kinetics of Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase by urea [Tsou (1988) Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 61, 381–436]. On the basis of the kinetic equation of substrate reaction in the presence of urea, all microscopic kinetic constants for the free enzyme and enzyme–substrate binary and ternary complexes have been determined. The results of the present study indicate that the denaturation of dihydrofolate reductase by urea follows single-phase kinetics, and changes in enzyme activity and tertiary structure proceed simultaneously in the unfolding process. Both substrates, NADPH and 7,8-dihydrofolate, protect dihydrofolate reductase against inactivation, and enzyme–substrate complexes lose their activity less rapidly than the free enzyme.
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Yen, Shih-Wei, Wei-Hsin Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Chun-Fong Eng, Salman Raza Naqvi, and Pau Loke Show. "Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084246.

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This study investigated the kinetics of isothermal torrefaction of sorghum distilled residue (SDR), the main byproduct of the sorghum liquor-making process. The samples chosen were torrefied isothermally at five different temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Afterward, two different kinetic methods, the traditional model-free approach, and a two-step parallel reaction (TPR) kinetic model, were used to obtain the torrefaction kinetics of SDR. With the acquired 92–97% fit quality, which is the degree of similarity between calculated and real torrefaction curves, the traditional method approached using the Arrhenius equation showed a poor ability on kinetics prediction, whereas the TPR kinetic model optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm showed that all the fit qualities are as high as 99%. The results suggest that PSO can simulate the actual torrefaction kinetics more accurately than the traditional kinetics approach. Moreover, the PSO method can be further employed for simulating the weight changes of reaction intermediates throughout the process. This computational method could be used as a powerful tool for industrial design and optimization in the biochar manufacturing process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kinetické procesy"

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Řehulková, Blanka. "Studium titrace molekulárního kyslíku do dohasínajícího dusíkového plazmatu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316191.

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A huge number of experiments were carried out in the field of nitrogen post-discharges during the last 50 or 60 years and they were supported by many published theoretical works. Some papers were focused also on the nitrogen active discharge, post-discharge itself, or they focused mainly on the kinetic processes running during the post-discharge period. This experimental work shows how oxygen titration into post-discharge will influence nitrogen flowing post-discharge. Experimental data were obtained by optical emission spectrometry, Spectra were measured in the range 300 - 700 nm at laboratory temperature of 300K. Discharge current was kept constant at the value of 120 mA relating to the total discharge power of 145 W. Pressure was kept constant, too, at the value of 1000 Pa. The nitrogen of 99.9999 % purity (further purified by Oxiclear column) flow was adjusted at 0.8 l/min. Flow of oxygen (99.95 % purity) through he titration capillary introduced to post-discharge from down stream direction, was kept at 4 ml/min. Both gas flows were controlled by mass flow controllers. The optical emission spectrometer Jobin Yvon TRIAX 550 with 300 gr/mm grating equipped by liquid nitrogen cooled CCD detector was used for the spectra acquisition. The integration time of 1 s was used at all experiments. The position of titration tube end introduced into post discharge from the down stream side was set from 5 to 25 cm with respect to the end of the active discharge; the step of 1 cm was used. The optical emission spectra were measured at positions from 3 to 29 cm with respect to the active discharge end. The following nitrogen spectral systems were identified in the spectra: 1st positive, 1st negative and 2nd positive. Besides them, some bands of NO-beta system were found. The intensity profiles along the post discharge were obtained for selected vibrational spectral bands of these spectral systems and changes in the vibrational distributions of upper electronic states of these spectral systems were determined.
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Mazánková, Věra. "Spektroskopické studium dohasínajících výbojů v dusíku a jeho směsích." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233291.

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Presented thesis gives results obtained during the spectroscopic observations of post –discharges of the pure nitrogen plasma with small oxygen admixture and in the nitrogen – argon mixture and the effect of the pink afterglow in it. The DC discharge in the flowing regime has been used for the plasma generation. The decaying plasma was study by optical emission spectroscopy, mainly in the range of 300–800 nm. The first positive, second positive, first negative nitrogen spectral system and NO spectral systems were observed in measured spectra. The band head intensities of these bands have been studied in the dependencies on experimental conditions. Simultaneously, the relative vibrational populations on the given nitrogen states have been calculated. Two discharge tubes made from different materials (PYREX glass and QUARTZ glass) were used in the case of nitrogen plasma containing low oxygen traces (up to 0.2 %). These experiments have been carried out at two wall temperatures for the determination of the temperature effect on the post-discharge. The discharge tube around the observation point was kept at the ambient temperature (300 K) or it was cooled down to 77 K by liquid nitrogen vapor. The total gas pressure of 1 000 Pa and the discharge current of 200 mA were conserved for all these experiments. The relative populations of electronic states were calculated in the dependence on the post-discharge time. The dependencies on oxygen concentration were given, too. The results showed no simple dependence of vibrational populations on oxygen concentration. Generally, slight increase of neutral nitrogen states populations was observed with the increase of oxygen concentration. These observations were well visible due to the intensity of nitrogen pink afterglow effect that was well visible at all oxygen concentrations. The pink afterglow maximal intensity was reached at about 5–10 ms at the wall temperature of 300 K in the PYREX tube. The molecular ion emission was strongly quenched by the oxygen and as this was dominant process for the pink afterglow emission the pink afterglow effect disappears at oxygen concentration of about 2000 ppm. The temperature and wall material influences were observed, too. The post-discharge in nitrogen argon mixtures was studied only in the PYREX tube at the ambient wall temperature of 300 K. The power dissipated in an active discharge was constant of 290 kW. The experimental studies had two new parameters – total gas pressure (500 Pa – 5 000 Pa) and the argon concentrations that were varied in the range of 0–83 %. Also in this case the dependencies of relative intensities of the bands given above were obtained and further the relative populations of electronic states as a function of decay time, total gas pressure and on argon concentration were obtained. The pink afterglow effect was observed at all applied discharge powers and total gas pressures. At the highest argon concentrations, especially at lower pressure, the pink afterglow effect disappeared. The presented experimental work is one of the hugest sets of experiments in the nitrogen with oxygen traces and in nitrogen-argon mixtures. These data can be used as a very good fundament for the further studies using wide numeric modeling of the post-discharge kinetic processes.
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Olga, Govedarica. "Određivanje optimalnih uslova izvođenja procesa epoksidovanja biljnih ulja persirćetnom kiselinom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2017. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104159&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Hemijskim transformacijama se iz biljnih ulja dobijaju vredni                                         derivati, poput epoksidovanih biljnih ulja, koji sekoriste u hemijskoj i polimernoj industriji. Kvalitet, patime i primena epoksidovanih biljnih ulja, zavise odsadržaja epoksidnih grupa u derivatizovanom ulju, koji bitrebalo da je što veći. Kako epoksidne grupe nastajuoksidacijom dvostrukih veza u trigliceridima kaodominantnoj grupi jedinjenja u biljnim uljima, pogodnasirovina za epoksidovanje su visoko nezasićena ulja,kakvo je laneno.Proizvodnja epoksidovanih biljnih ulja zahteva izbortakvih procesnih uslova pri kojima bi se postigli štopotpunija konverzija dvostrukih veza i što većaselektivnost procesa u odnosu na epoksidnu grupu. Zato jekao cilj ove doktorske disertacije postavljeno određivanjeoptimalnih vrednosti procesnih uslova epoksidovanjalanenog ulja persirćetnom kiselinom formiranom in situ izsirćetne kiseline i 30% vodenog rastvora vodonikperoksida u prisustvu jonoizmenjivačke smole kaokatalizatora. Određivanje je izvedeno primenommetodologije odzivne površine, kao i korišćenjem u ovojdisertaciji predloženih kinetičkih modela ispitivanogreakcionog sistema, u oba slučaja sa maksimumomrelativnog prinosa epoksida kao funkcijom cilja.Ispitivanje uticaja procesnih uslova, i to temperature,molskog odnosa reaktanata, količine katalizatora i brzinemešanja, na tok procesa epoksidovanja je bilo osnov zadefinisanje graničnih vrednosti procesnih uslova unutarkojih je tražen maksimum prinosa epoksida. Oblast dugihvremena reagovanja, koja nije od interesa za industriju, jeizbegnuta adekvatnim izborom temperature.Pri optimalnim vrednostima procesnih uslovaepoksidovanja lanenog ulja, određenim primenommetodologije odzivne površine, postignuto je dobroslaganje očekivane i eksperimentalno određene vrednostimaksimalnog relativnog prinosa epoksida, sa odstupanjemod 3,28%.Za potrebe određivanja optimalnih uslova izvođenjaprocesa epoksidovanja biljnih ulja korišćenjem kinetičkihmodela, razvijena su tri pseudohomogena modelaispitivanog trofaznog multireakcionog sistema. Poredkinetike osnovnih reakcija formiranja persirćetne kiseline i                                     reakcije epoksidovanja dvostrukih veza triglicerida biljnog ulja,                                       kao i kinetike sporedne reakcije otvaranja epoksidnegrupe sa sirćetnom kiselinom, u predloženim modelima jeuzeta u obzir i raspodela sirćetne i persirćetne kiselineizmeđu uljne i vodene faze sistema. Opisan je i uticajmasno-kiselinskog sastava ulja, odnosno broja dvostrukihveza u masno-kiselinskim lancima triglicerida, na kinetikureakcija. Za koeficijent raspodele sirćetne kiseline izmeđutečnih faza reakcionog sistema predložena je empirijskakorelacija koja je dala dobro slaganje izračunatihvrednosti sa eksperimentalnim podacima. Kinetičkiparametri modela su određeni fitovanjemeksperimentalnih podataka o promenama količinadvostruke veze i epoksidne grupe sa vremenom izvođenjaprocesa epoksidovanja. Na osnovu statističkih pokazateljauspešnosti fitovanja eksperimentalnih podataka, potvrđenaje prepostavka da je pseudohomogeni model publikovan uliteraturi unapređen uzimanjem u obzir pomenutihfenomena raspodele komponenata reakcione smeše imasno-kiselinskog sastava sirovine pri modelovanjureakcionog sistema epoksidovanja biljnih uljapersirćetnom kiselinom.Korišćenjem predloženih pseudohomogenih modelareakcionog sistema za određivanje optimalnih uslovaizvođenja procesa epoksidovanja lanenog ulja in situformiranom persirćetnom kiselinom u prisustvujonoizmenjivačke smole, dobijeno je odstupanje od 5,51%očekivane od eksperimentalno određene vrednostirelativnog prinosa epoksida.Bolje slaganje predviđene sa eksperimentalno određenomvrednošću relativnog prinosa epoksida u kontrolnomeksperimentu je dobijeno primenom metodologije odzivnepovršine u poređenju sa korišćenjem kinetičkih modela priodređivanju optimalnih vrednosti procesnih uslova. To je iočekivano, s obzirom da regresiona jednačina korišćena uokviru metodologije odzivne površine bolje fituje relativniprinos epoksida. Standardna devijacija relativnog prinosepoksida za regresionu jednačinu je 8,9 puta niža od oneizračunate za kinetički model koji najbolje predviđaoptimalne procesne uslove epoksidovanja lanenog uljapersirćetnom kiselinom.
Vegetable oils can be transformed into added valueproducts by various chemical modifications, such asepoxidation. The epoxidized vegetable oils have awide range of applications in the chemical andpolymer industry. The quality, and consequently theapplication, of epoxidized vegetable oil is influencedby the epoxy group content. Since the epoxy groupsare formed by the oxidation of double bonds intriglycerides, the main constituent of vegetable oils,highly unsaturated vegetable oils, such as linseedoil, are desirable raw materials.The manufacturing of epoxidized vegetable oilsrequires the optimization of the process conditionsin order to achieve complete conversion of doublebonds and high selectivity of the process in respectto the epoxy groups. Therefore, the aim of thisdoctoral thesis is to determine the optimal processconditions for the epoxidation of linseed oil withperacetic acid, formed in situ from acetic acid and30% hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an ionexchange resin as the catalyst. The optimal processconditions were determined by response surfacemethodology, as well as by using developed pseudohomogeneouskinetic models that describe theinvestigated reaction system. For both optimizationmethods, the relative epoxy yield was selected as anobjective function to be maximized.The effects of process conditions, such astemperature, molar ratio of reactants, catalystamount and steering speed, on the kinetics of theepoxidation were studied in order to defineconstraints for the optimization. To avoid longreaction times, which are not of interest inmanufacturing, an adequate temperature range wasselected. Under the optimized process conditions for theepoxidation of linseed oil, which were determinedby response surface methodology, good agreementbetween the calculated and experimentallydetermined relative epoxy yields was achievedwithin 3.28%.Three models describing the three-phase multireactionsystem of vegetable oil epoxidation withperacetic acid were developed and further used forthe optimization. The models are pseudohomogeneouswith respect to the catalyst. Besidesthe kinetics of the main reactions of peracetic acidand epoxy group formation, the models take intoaccount the side reaction of the epoxy group openingwith acetic acid. The partitioning of the acetic acidand peracetic acid between the oil and aqueousphases is considered. In two proposed models, theeffect of fatty acid composition on the kinetics of theprocess is also described by considering the numberof double bonds in the fatty acid chains. Thedeveloped empirical correlation for the partitioncoefficient for acetic acid between the liquid phasesshows good agreement between the calculated andexperimental data. The kinetic parameters of theproposed pseudo-homogeneous models weredetermined by fitting the experimentally determinedchanges of the double bond and epoxy groupamounts with reaction time of the epoxidation.Statistical values of the models` parametersdetermination confirmed the hypothesis that thepseudo-homogeneous model proposed in theliterature can be improved by considering thepartitioning phenomena and the effect of the oil fattyacid composition on the kinetics of the vegetableoils epoxidation with peracetic acid.Under the optimized process conditions for theepoxidation of linseed oil with peracetic acid formedin situ in the presence of the ion exchange resin,which were determined by using proposed pseudohomogeneousmodels, the experimentallydetermined relative epoxy yield was 5.51% lowerthan the calculated.Better agreement between the calculated andexperimentally determined values for the relativeepoxy yield, achieved under the optimal processconditions, is obtained when the response surfacemethodology (RSM) was applied as opposed towhen the kinetic models were used for thedetermination of the optimal process conditions.This is in accordance with better fitting of therelative epoxy yield by RSM regression equationthan by kinetics models. Standard deviation of therelative epoxy yield for RSM regression equation is 8.9 times lower than the standard deviation for themost successful kinetic model used for prediction ofthe optimal process conditions for the epoxidation ofthe linseed oil by peracetic acid.
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4

Voldánová, Michaela. "Studium kinetiky samouspořádávacího procesu kolagenu I." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240522.

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Collagen, the most abundant protein of connective tissues, in various forms has a wide applications due to their diverse biological and chemical properties. One of the forms are collagen hydrogels, which are considered very suitable material for applications in tissue engineering, because they are able to provide biodegradable scaffolds that its properties correspond with living tissues. These systems are used for example as scaffold for targeted drug delivery with controlled release, in combination with cells can be used for the regeneration and reconstruction of tissues and organs. Heating the aqueous solution of collagen leads to spontaneous self-assembly process to variously distributed fibrillar structures, which are at a later stage of fibrillogenesis prerequisite for creating a three-dimensional supporting network, which is the basic building block of the gel. The resulting properties of the hydrogel depend not only on its structure, but also on the conditions which cause self-assembly process. Hydrogels were performed at 37 ° C and physiological pH. Studied structural variable was the concentration of collagen. So far, for the research of self-assembly were used spectrometric methods, which only provide information about kinetics of morphogenesis. In this work to study the kinetics of collagen I self-assembly were used rheological methods, which additionally give information about viscoelastic properties of the resulting material. The obtained experimental data confirmed two-step process of collagen I fibrillogenesis consisting of nucleation and growth process. Rheological hydrogels collagen behaved as a nonlinear yield-pseudoplastic. An attempt was made to molecular interpretation of the results. Using two-parametric Avrami equation was determined the rate of self-assembly for each concentration of collagen and the value of Avrami exponent determining the shape of produced units. The prepared hydrogels were subjected to increasing shear stresses (strain amplitude, shear rate). Larger amplitudes leads to collapse of the hydrogel structure, which is able to again partially regenerated.
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5

Musabyimana, Martin. "Deammonification Process Kinetics and Inhibition Evaluation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29364.

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A number of innovative nitrogen removal technologies have been developed to address the treatment challenges caused by stringent regulations and increasing chemical and energy cost. A major contributing factor to these challenges is the liquid stream originating from the process of dewatering anaerobically digested solids. This liquid, also knows as centrate, reject water or sludge liquor, can cause an increase of up to 25% in ammonia loading. The recently discovered anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is a major breakthrough for treatment of these streams as it has the potential to remove up to 85% of nitrogen load without external carbon source addition. The anammox process is combined with another process that oxidizes half of the ammonia to nitrite (nitritation) in a separate reactor such as in the SHARON process, or in the same reactor such as in the DEaMmONification (DEMON) process. Despite intensive laboratory research for the last 10 years to fully understand these processes, there is still a high level of skepticism surrounding the implementation of full-scale systems. The reason for this skepticism could be due to frequent failures observed in the lab scale systems as well as reported slow bacterial growth. We think that this technology might be used more effectively in the future if process kinetics, inhibition and toxicity can be better understood. This work focused on the DEMON process with a goal to understand the kinetics and inhibition of the system as a whole and the anammox process in particular. A DEMON pilot study was undertaken at the Alexandria Sanitation Authority (ASA) and had several study participants, including ASA, the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DCWASA), CH2M Hill Inc., Envirosim Ltd, the University of Innsbruck and Virginia Tech. We investigated the growth rate of anammox bacteria within a quasi-optimal environment. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to assess anaerobic ammonia oxidation inhibition by nitrite as well as aerobic ammonia oxidation inhibition by compounds present in the DEMON reactor feed, such as a defoaming agent, a sludge conditioning polymer, and residual iron from phosphorus removal practices. The study revealed that the DEMON process can be efficiently controlled to limit nitrite accumulation capable of causing process inhibition. The target ammonium loading rate of 0.5 kg/m3/d was reached, and no upset was noticed for a loading up to 0.80 kg/m3/d with an HRT of 1.7 days. The ammonia removal efficiency reached an average of 76% while total nitrogen removal efficiency had an average of 52%. Most of the process upsets were caused by aerobic ammonia oxidation failure rather than anammox inhibition. Failure in ammonia oxidation affected pH control, a variable which is at the center of the DEMON process control logic. The pilot study is summarized in Chapter 3 of this Dissertation. The low anammox maximum specific growth rate (µmax,An) as well as nitrite inhibition are historically reported to be the major process challenges according to the literature, but the degree to which each contributes to process problems differs widely in the literature. In this study, we estimated µmax,An by using the high F:M protocol commonly used for nitrifying populations. We also studied the effect of both short term and sustained nitrite exposure on anammox activity. In this study, µmax,An was estimated to be 0.017 h-1. The study results also suggest that anammox bacteria can tolerate a spike of nitrite-N at concentrations as high as 400 mg/L as long as this concentration is not sustained. Sustained concentrations above 50 mg/L caused a gradual loss of activity over the long term. Finally, the inhibition of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) observed in the DEMON reactor was investigated using laboratory experiments and is reported in Chapter 6. AerAOB inhibition was, in most cases, the main reason for process upset. Compounds that were suspected to be the cause of the inhibition were tested. The study noticed that a defoaming agent, polymer and ferrous iron had some inhibiting properties at the concentrations tested.
Ph. D.
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6

Davies, Matthew Lloyd. "Exploiting nonlinear kinetics to enhance process operability." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270897.

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7

Soural, Ivo. "Studium procesů v dohasínajícím plazmatu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233321.

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The decaying plasma was studied by the optical emission spectroscopy. DC discharge created at 45 – 200 mA in Pyrex and Quartz tubes in flowing regime was used. The emission of three nitrogen spectral systems (1st and 2nd positive and 1st negative) were studied in time evolution for pressures of 500 – 5 000 Pa at two wall temperatures – ambient and liquid nitrogen (150 K inside the decaying plasma). Results showed that all three nitrogen systems (respectively N2(B, v), N2(C, v) and N2+(B, v) states as their origins) had their population maxima called pink-afterglow in the afterglow part. These maxima decreased with the increase of pressure for all systems, and moved to the later decay time. Maxima increased with discharge current (respectively power) and moved to shorter time. Populations at temperature of 150 K were measured due to the experimental arrangement from 17 ms, only, and thus pink aftergow maximum wasn’t observed (only at 5 000 Pa some maximum was recognized). Populations were smaller at 150 K that populations measured at laboratory temperature at the middle decay time (50-100 ms). At the late time, the populations were higher at lower temperature at lower pressure. Higher shifts (in intensity and decaytime) of pink afterglow maxima were observed in Quartz tube in comparison with their values in Pyrex tube. Besides the populations, rotational temperatures of selected bands of three observed spetral systems (for 1st negative 0-0 band, 1st positive 2-0 band and for 2nd positive 0-2 band) were measured. Rotational temperatures were monitored from presumption that this kind of temperature is equal to temperature of neutral gas (at local thermodynamic equilibrium). Results from 1st negative and 1st positive system showed strong decreasing of rotational temperatures up to about 10 ms at post-discharge begin, then temperatures were constant up to 20 ms of decay time and after that they grew up. Temperatures increased with the increase of current. The part with decreased temperature correlated with pink-afterglow part of post-discharge. Unfortunately, rotational temperatures of 2nd positive system had bad reproducibility and the time profile shape was opposite. Experimental results were compared with numerical kinetic model created by group of prof. Vasco Guerra at Instituto Supetior Técnico in Portugal. Several sets of conditions for simulation at 500 and 1 000 K in active discharge were applicable for the calculation corresponding to the experiment. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental data done for N2(B) state demonstrated that maxima populations in pink afterglow are depended on the temperature difference between active discharge and post discharge. Maxima populations were supposed in pink afterglow disappeared if the same temperatures in active and post discharges were supposed. Temperature in active discharge is higher at higher apllied power, as it was showed from rotational temperatures observation. The results clearly showed that real temperature profile must be included into the kinetic model.
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8

Abraham, Thomas Kannankara. "Kinetic bounds on attainability in the reactor synthesis problem." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1126791863.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 190 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-190). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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9

Srđan, Rončević. "Karakterizacija bioremedijacionih procesa u zemljištu i podzemnim vodama zagađenim naftom i derivatima na lokalitetu Ratno ostrvo." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2007. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=16637&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Predmet izučavanja ove disertacije je pasivna bioremedijacija naftom i derivatima nafte zagađenih podzemnih voda na lokalitetu  Ratno ostrvo i pospešivanje procesa bioremedijacije zemljišta i podzemne vode zagađenih naftom i derivatima nafte na laboratorijskom postrojenju u ciljusanacije ugroženog lokaliteta.Praćenjem podzemnih voda granične zone izvorišta Ratno ostrvo i Rafinerije nafte utvrđeno je da je u podzemnoj vodi granične zone izvorišta Ratno ostrvo i Rafinerije nafte Novi Sad prisutan proces pasivnebioremedijacije, odnosno, da na pojavu ugljovodoničnog zagađenja u vodi sredina odgovara povećanjem brojnosti, pre svega, ugljovodonik-osidujućih i lipolitskih bakterija i bakterijske enzimatske aktivnosti, i dolazi do transformacije mineralnih ulja u polarna jedinjenja. U vodi većine praćenih objekata uočene su eksponencijalne i linearne funkcionalne zavisnosti bakterijske brojnosti i fosfatazne aktivnosti od koncentracije ugljovodoničnog zagađenja za koncentracije ukupnih ugljovodonika < 400 µg/l (najčešće < 200 µg/l). Visok nivo podzemnih voda i prisustvo dela zagađenja u gornjim slojevima zemljišta ukazuje nam na mogućnost primene fitoremedijacije navedenog područja, jer je deo zagađenja dostupan korenskom sistemu.Ispitivanjem tehničke bioremedijacije zemljišta i podzemne vode zagađenih naftom i derivatima nafte  na laboratorijskom postrojenju utvrđeno je da dolazi do opadanja koncentracije ukupnih ugljovodonika u zemljištu sa 38,2 na 14,6 g/kg i mineralnih ulja sa 27,0 na 10,2 g/kg (62%), što se može definisati jednačinom C=C0e-kt, gde je konstanta brzine degradacije ugljovodonika k=0,0082 dan-1. U vodi je prisutan veliki broj karboksilnih kiselinanastalih oksidacijom alkana (C10-19), kao i aromata (benzoeva kiselina, kao i benzaldehid), što ukazuje na proces biooksidacije ugljovodonika. Proces rastvaranja i emulgovanja nafte se pospešuje uvođenjem recirkulacije vode: određena je jednačina zavisnosti koncentracije ugljovodonika u vodenoj fazi od koncentracije u  čvrstoj fazi, zavisno od  brzine proticanja: Cvoda=(f*v+K0)Czemlja, gde je koeficijent ispiranja f=1400 s/m, a difuzioni koeficijent K0=6*10-4. Proces ispiranja nafte i derivata sa zemlje značajno utiče na aktivnost mikroorganizama i razgradnju zagađenja. Sa porastom koncentracije ugljovodonika generalno opadaju brojnosti svih ispitivanih grupa bakterija i fosfatazna aktivnost i određene su granične vrednosti tolerancije. Proces ispiranja se  mora voditi tako da koncentracija mineralnih ulja u vodenoj fazi netreba da pređe 15-35 mg/l, a kad se postignu koncentracije ugljovodonika manje od 400 µg/l treba prepustiti pasivnoj bioremedijaciji da ukloni zagađenje.
This dissertation investigates the passivebioremediation of groundwater from Ratno Ostrvo contaminated by oil and oil derivatives, and a bench-scale experiment to improve the soil and groundwater bioremediation processes, with the goal of sanatising the effected area.During groundwater monitoring of the zone between the Ratno Ostrvo spring and the Novi Sad oil refinery, a passive bioremediation process was observed, whereby,  in the hydrocarbons-contaminated water, increased counts of hydrocarbon-oxidising and lipolytic bacteria and increasing bacterial enzyme activity were found, along with the transformation of mineral oils to polar  compounds. In water, the majority of the monitoring points displayed either exponential or linear functionalal dependence  between bacterial count or phosphatase activity and hydrocarbon concentration, for  total hydrocarbon concentrations < 400 µg/l (most often < 200 µg/l). The high groundwater level and the presence of contamination inthe upper soil layers makes possible the application of phytoremediation at the site, as part of the contamination is in the rhyzosphere.The bench-scale investigation of bioremediation in soil and groundwater contaminated by oil and oil derivatives yielded decreasing concentrations of total hydrocarbons in the soil from 38.2 to 14.6 g/kg and mineral oils from 27.0 to 10.2 g/kg  (62%), which can be described by C=C0e-kt, where the rate constant of  hydrocarbon degradation is k=0.0082 day-1.In water, a large number of carboxylic acids were present, from the oxidation of  alkanes (C10-19) and aromatics (benzoic acid, and also benzaldehyde), which indicates a hydrocarbon biooxidation process. The process of dissolving and emulgating the oil is enhanced by recirculating the water: the linear relation between the concentration of hydrocarbons in the liquid and solid phases was found to be dependent on the flow rate: Cwater=(f*v+K0)Csoil, where the rinsing coefficient f=1400 s/m, and the diffusion coefficient K0=6 x 10-4. The process of rinsing the oil and oil derivatives from the soil significantly influences the microbial activity and the degradation of contaminants. With increasing hydrocarbon concentrations, there was  generally decreasing bacterial counts and phosphatase activity, and an upper limit for  hydrocarbon tolerance was determined. The rinsing process must becontrolled to  ensure the mineral oil concentration in water does not exceed 15-35 mg/l, and once the concentration of hydrocarbons becomes less than 400µg/l, passive bioremediation may be left to complete the degradation.
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10

Křečková, Magdaléna. "Kinetika heterogenních procesů v technologii silikátů - dehydroxylace a rozpouštění jílových minerálů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233360.

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The first part of the thesis discuss general characterization of heterogeneous processes in silicates. This part is focused on kinetics of heterogeneous processes and mathematical description of reactions time behavior. The other part describes important technologies in silicate industry such as sintering, solid matter decomposition, transition modification, etc. Another chapter deals mineralogy, structure and properties of eminent silicate raw materials. Emphases is given to characterization of clay minerals and their utilising. The experimental part handle the analytic techniques used for investigation of thermal decompostion, dehydroxylation, crystalization of Al-Si spinel phase and sintering process of washed kaolin Sedlec Ia from the region Carlsbad (Czech Republic). Concluding chapter reports on results of experimental work.
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Books on the topic "Kinetické procesy"

1

Chemical kinetics and process dynamics in aquatic systems. Boca Raton: Lewis, 1994.

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Patel, Vinodkumar Hiralal. Chemical kinetic investigation of a commercial batch reactor process. Birmingham: Aston University.Department of Chemical Engineering, 1987.

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Cabanes, Antonio López. Pirólisis de hidrocarburos: El proceso de pirólisis con vapor , modelos cinéticos. [Murcia]: Universidad de Murcia, 1989.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Enzyme Catalysis Process: Energetics, Mechanism, and Dynamics (1988 Barga, Italy). The enzyme catalysis process: Energetics, mechanism, and dynamics. New York: Plenum Press, 1989.

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Paul, Samuel John. Kinetic friction of lubricated contacts in the deep drawing process. [s.l: The Author], 1998.

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Verenich, Svetlana. Wet oxidation of concentrated wastewaters: Process combination and reaction kinetic modeling. Lappeenranta, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2003.

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Gonawan, Fadzil Noor. Immobilized β-Galactosidase-Mediated Conversion of Lactose: Process, Kinetics and Modeling Studies. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3468-9.

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Kazi, Rafiq Akhtar. A high pressure kinetic study of the in-situ combustion process for oil recovery. Salford: University of Salford, 1995.

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American Institute of Chemical Engineers. AICHEMI modular instruction: Series G, design of equipment. New York: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1986.

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Medhora, Hiraz Kekobad. Reaction kinetic study and determination of controlling resistances during alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone pulping. 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Kinetické procesy"

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Moser, Anton. "Process Kinetic Analysis." In Bioprocess Technology, 138–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8748-0_4.

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Nelson, Jayson J. "Crystallization Kinetics." In Precision Lens Molding of Glass: A Process Perspective, 91–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4238-1_6.

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Griskey, Richard G. "Chemical Reaction Kinetics in Polymer Systems." In Polymer Process Engineering, 249–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0581-1_6.

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Soustelle, Michel. "Mechanisms and Kinetics of a Process." In Handbook of Heterogenous Kinetics, 195–256. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557730.ch7.

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Deb, Pritam. "Material Development and Process." In Kinetics of Heterogeneous Solid State Processes, 13–17. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1756-5_2.

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Toledo, Romeo T. "Kinetics of Chemical Reactions in Foods." In Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering, 302–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7052-3_8.

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Toledo, Romeo T. "Kinetics of Chemical Reactions in Foods." In Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering, 302–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7055-4_8.

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Ahmed, Jasim, Kirk Dolan, and Dharmendra Mishra. "Chemical Reaction Kinetics Pertaining to Foods." In Handbook of Food Process Design, 113–66. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398274.ch6.

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Deb, Pritam. "Kinetics of a Solid State Process." In Kinetics of Heterogeneous Solid State Processes, 29–32. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1756-5_4.

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Frailie, Peter T., and Gary T. Rochelle. "Kinetics of Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine/Piperazine for CO2Capture." In Process Systems and Materials for CO2Capture, 137–52. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119106418.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Kinetické procesy"

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Cavanzo, E. A., S. F. Muñoz, A. Ordoñez, and H. Bottia. "Kinetics of Wet In-Situ Combustion: A Review of Kinetic Models." In SPE Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference: Latin America. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/171134-ms.

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Abstract In Situ Combustion is an enhanced oil recovery method which consists on injecting air to the reservoir, generating a series of oxidation reactions at different temperature ranges by chemical interaction between oil and oxygen, the high temperature oxidation reactions are highly exothermic; the oxygen reacts with a coke like material formed by thermal cracking, they are responsible of generating the heat necessary to sustain and propagate the combustion front, sweeping the heavy oil and upgrading it due to the high temperatures. Wet in situ combustion is variant of the process, in which water is injected simultaneously or alternated with air, taking advantage of its high heat capacity, so the steam can transport heat more efficiently forward the combustion front due to the latent heat of vaporization. A representative model of the in situ combustion process is constituted by a static model, a dynamic model and a kinetic model. The kinetic model represents the oxidative behavior and the compositional changes of the crude oil; it is integrated by the most representative reactions of the process and the corresponding kinetic parameters of each reaction. Frequently, the kinetic model for a dry combustion process has Low Temperature Oxidation reactions (LTO), thermal cracking reactions and the combustion reaction. For the case of wet combustion, additional aquathermolysis reactions take place. This article presents a full review of the kinetic models of the wet in situ combustion process taking into account aquathermolysis reactions. These are hydrogen addition reactions due to the chemical interaction between crude oil and steam. The mechanism begins with desulphurization reactions and subsequent decarboxylation reactions, which are responsible of carbon monoxide production, which reacts with steam producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen; this is the water and gas shift reaction. Finally, during hydrocracking and hydrodesulphurization reactions, hydrogen sulfide is generated and the crude oil is upgraded. An additional upgrading mechanism during the wet in situ combustion process can be explained by the aquathermolysis theory, also hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen production can be estimated by a suitable kinetic model that takes into account the most representative reactions involved during the combustion process.
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Boutaous, Mhamed, Zakariaa Refaa, Matthieu Zinet, Shihe Xin, and Patrick Bourgin. "Analysis of the Process-Structure-Behavior Interaction in Bio-Sourced Polymers: Role of the Crystallization Kinetics." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39729.

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PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) is a bio-sourced and biodegradable polymer. It represents an alternative for polymers issued from petrochemical synthesis. Unfortunately, the crystallization kinetics of PLA is very slow and limits the possibility to extend its application in several industrials domains. The enhancement of the PLA crystallization kinetic can be obtained by addition of nucleating agents of by ordering the molecular chains during flow, as in processing conditions. During processing of thermoplastic polymer experiences several thermomechanical conditions influencing drastically its final properties and mechanical behavior. During injection molding process, macromolecules are oriented and ordered due to the shear and elongation imposed by the melt flow in the mold during the filling step. As a consequence, supplementary nucleation is created in the polymer, leading to the acceleration of the crystallization kinetics. In this work, we propose to analyze and to quantify the role of the flow, the temperature kinetics and the nucleating agent on injected PLA parts structure and their mechanical behavior. A parametric analysis of the relationship between the polymer, its structure and the processing condition will be presented. The competition (sometimes antagonism) between several parameters, as the shear rate, the temperature kinetics and the nucleating agent will be highlighted.
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Garza, Cesar M., Charles R. Szmanda, and Ronald L. Fischer, Jr. "Resist Dissolution Kinetics And Submicron Process Control." In 1988 Microlithography Conferences, edited by Scott A. MacDonald. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.968333.

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Seniūnaitė, Jurgita, Rasa Vaiškūnaitė, and Kristina Bazienė. "Mathematical Modelling for Copper and Lead Adsorption on Coffee Grounds." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.007.

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Research studies on the adsorption kinetics are conducted in order to determine the absorption time of heavy metals on coffee grounds from liquid. The models of adsorption kinetics and adsorption diffusion are based on mathe-matical models (Cho et al. 2005). The adsorption kinetics can provide information on the mechanisms occurring be-tween adsorbates and adsorbents and give an understanding of the adsorption process. In the mathematical modelling of processes, Lagergren’s pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetics and the intra-particle diffusion models are usually applied. The mathematical modelling has shown that the kinetics of the adsorption process of heavy metals (copper (Cu) and lead (Pb)) is more appropriately described by the Lagergren’s pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The kinetic constants (k2Cu = 0.117; k2Pb = 0,037 min−1) and the sorption process speed (k2qeCu = 0.0058–0.4975; k2qePb = 0.021–0.1661 mg/g per min) were calculated. After completing the mathematical modelling it was calculated that the Langmuir isotherm better reflects the sorption processes of copper (Cu) (R2 = 0.950), whilst the Freundlich isotherm – the sorption processes of lead (Pb) (R2 = 0.925). The difference between the mathematically modelled and experimen-tally obtained sorption capacities for removal of heavy metals on coffee grounds from aqueous solutions is 0.059–0.164 mg/l for copper and 0.004–0.285 mg/l for lead. Residual concentrations of metals in a solution showed difference of 1.01 and 0.96 mg/l, respectively.
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Zhang, Xiaodong, Min Xu, Rongfeng Sun, and Li Sun. "Study on Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68350.

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Pyrolysis is the most fundamental process in thermal chemical conversion of biomass, and pyrolysis kinetic analysis is valuable for the in-depth explore of process mechanism. On the basis of thermal gravity analysis of different kinds of biomass feedstock, thermal kinetics analysis was performed to analyze the pyrolysis behavior of biomass. With the apparent kinetic parameters derived, kinetic model was proposed for the main reaction section of biomass pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis characteristics of three kinds of biomass material were compared in view of corresponding biochemical constitution. Through model simulation of different pyrolysis process, the diversity in pyrolysis behavior of different kinds of biomass feedstock was analyzed, and pyrolysis mechanism discussed. The results derived are useful for the development and optimization of biomass thermal chemical conversion technology.
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata, Sitanan Nuntamongkol, Benjamaporn Tudkesorn, Orawan Sukchoy, and Pawinee Deetae. "The kinetic model and temperature effect of Caulerpa Lentillifera drying process." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064996.

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Pekker, Leonid, Natalia Gimelshein, and Sergey Gimelshein. "Analytical And Kinetic Modeling of Ablation Process." In 40th Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-3803.

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Knapek, C. A., C. Durniak, D. Samsonov, G. E. Morfill, Vladimir Yu Nosenko, Padma K. Shukla, Markus H. Thoma, and Hubertus M. Thomas. "Kinetic Process of a 2D Phase Transition." In DUSTY∕COMPLEX PLASMAS: BASIC AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: Sixth International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3659843.

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Indrajati, I. N., and I. Setyorini. "Service life prediction of rubber belt conveyor using kinetics approach." In PROCEEDINGS OF 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL PROCESS AND PRODUCT ENGINEERING (ICCPPE) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5140950.

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V. Kök, M., and C. Ö. Keskin. "Comparative Combustion Kinetics for In-Situ Combustion Process." In IOR 1999 - 10th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406325.

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Reports on the topic "Kinetické procesy"

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Pekker, L., N. Gimelshein, and S. Gimelshein. Analytical and Kinetic Modeling of Ablation Process (Preprint). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada483245.

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Haschke, J. M., and T. H. Allen. Reaction kinetics relevant to the recycle hydride-dehydride process for plutonium recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532690.

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Xiang-Dong Peng. Development of Kinetic Models for the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH tm) Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922636.

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Xiang-Dong Peng. KINETIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE SYNGAS-TO-DME REACTION SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO PROCESS AND ECONOMICS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816515.

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Campbell, D., D. G. Nichols, D. J. Pazuchanics, H. Huang, M. T. Klein, R. A. Winschel, S. D. Brandes, S. Wang, and W. H. Calkins. A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams The Kinetics of Coal Liquefaction Distillation Resid Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2244.

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Klein, M. T., W. H. Calkins, H. Huang, S. Wang, and D. Campbell. A characterization and evaluation of coal liquefaction process streams. The kinetics of coal liquefaction distillation resid conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656657.

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Klein, M. T., W. H. Calkins, and He Huang. Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation: The preliminary evaluation of the kinetics of coal liquefaction distillation resid conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10145709.

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Lee, Y. Y., P. Iyer, Q. Xiang, and J. Hayes. Kinetic and Modeling Investigation to Provide Design Guidelines for the NREL Dilute-Acid Process Aimed at Total Hydrolysis/Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass: July 1998. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15009501.

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Evans, M., C. Y. Ng, C. W. Hsu, and P. Heimann. High-resolution threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence experiments performed on beamline 9.0.2.2: Kinetic energy release study of the process SF{sub 6} + hv {yields} SF{sub 5}{sup +} F + e{sup -}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/603613.

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Towler, Gavin P. Synthesis and development of processes for the recovery of sulfur from acid gases. Part 1, Development of a high-temperature process for removal of H2S from coal gas using limestone -- thermodynamic and kinetic considerations; Part 2, Development of a zero-emissions process for recovery of sulfur from acid gas streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10178994.

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