Academic literature on the topic 'King Edward Medical College (Lahore, Pakistan)'

Retinoblastoma is most common intraocular malignancy of childhood all over the world including Pakistan. Recent advances in the treatment of disease has improved the survival rates worldwide. Objective: To compare regression of retinoblastoma lesion after monotherapy (chemotherapy) vs combined therapy (chemotherapy + local consolidative therapy). Study Design: Randomized Control trial. Setting: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology at College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences/ King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Period: January 2015 to June 2016. Material & Methods: 43 patients with retinoblastoma (group C & D) were included in the study. Chemotherapy was given to patients in group1 and chemotherapy followed by local consolidative therapy was given to patients in group2. The percentage of regression of baseline lesion was noted after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Results: The mean regression of lesion in group 1 was 24.5% and in group2 was 59.9%, after six months of treatment. The value t-test was 36.02 with p value 0.00 (<0.05). Conclusion: The combined modality of chemotherapy and local consolidative therapy is more effective in causing regression of retinoblastoma lesion than chemotherapy.

Objective: To find out the level of anxiety, depression and stress and its association with quality of life ofProsthetists and Orthotists. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Rehabilitation departments and institutes including Pakistan Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic Sciences, Peshawar; King Edward Medical University, Lahore; Dow Medical University, Karachi; Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi; and Prosthetists and Orthotists working in public and private sectors, over a period of 6 months from Jun 2018 to Nov 2018. Methodology: A sample of 250 Prosthetists and Orthotists of both genders, aged 20 to 60 years, were recruitedusing non probability purposive sampling. Those working in administrative posts and those who graduated after 2017 were excluded. Demographic sheet; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21; and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey-36 were administered through e-mail for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version21. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze any association. Results: Results revealed prevalence of 139 (55.6%) for depression with predominance of moderate depression63 (45.32%), followed by mild 37 (26.62%), severe 24 (17.37%) and very severe depression 15 (10.79%); 154 (61.6%) for anxiety with predominance of severe level of anxiety 59 (38.31%), followed by moderate 48 (31.17%), mild 26 (16.88%), & severe anxiety 21 (13,64%); and 115 (46%) for stress with predominance of moderate stress 55 (47.82%), followed by mild 30 (26.10%), severe 20 (17.39%) and very severe stress 10 (8.69%). For quality of life SF-36 revealed a total mean score of 62.54 ± 16.72 and statistically..........

The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of Periodic acid –Schiff (PAS) staining an early and quick effective diagnostic test of nail clipping with routine tests in the diagnosis of Onychomycosis. Background: The routine gold standard for diagnosis of fungal nail infections has been direct microscopy (KOH mount) and mycological culture which often yield delayed or weak/false negative results. However recent studies have suggested that nail plate biopsy using PAS stain is rapid method of detection that grasped the diagnosis and manage the disease. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: 320 clinical diagnosed cases of onychomycosis performed at Department of Microbiology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur and Department of Histopathology King Edward medical University Lahore. Period: January 2012 to August 2018. Materials and Methods: The parameter looked in the sent investigation were histopathology PAS stain, mycological culture and microscopy. Presences of intensely stained reddish dots or threads like structures in between the cells of nail plate were considered to be positive results on histopathology with periodic acid Schiff (PAS). The microscopic study showed hyphae or spores and growth of organism concluded by morphological colony characteristics on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) periodically after 4 weeks. Result: out of total 320 cases, 81.25% was positive for histopathology PAS stain. Culture positivity was 60% and KOH mount recovered 52.5% positive. The combination of PAS stain and culture results showed 90.62% while Culture and KOH were 62.5% in nail clipping specimen. Conclusion: Histopathological PAS technique was found to be more effective than other laboratory methods for the diagnosis of Onychomycosis.

Background and Objectives: Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is particularly common medical disorder and is leading cause of morbidity worldwide. The complication of DM is due to micro or macro vascular damage. The presence of an extensive microvascular circulation and abundant connective tissue in the lungs raises the possibility that lung tissue may be a target organ in diabetic patients and thus pulmonary function test can be affected by DM. This study was designed to compare pulmonary function test between Type II diabetic and non-diabetic individuals; and, with the duration of DM.Material and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore Pakistan. Total sample consist of 91 diabetic and 91 non-diabetic grouped as group A and group B. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR were compared within two groups and with the duration of DM.Results: Total 182 sample with mean age 53.1±5.90 years, with 91(50%) male and 91(50%) female. Group A and B had 91(50%) sample each. Mean value of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR showed statistically significant difference among the both group. Mean of FVC decreases significantly with the increasing duration of DM; although, is not significant with FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR.Conclusion: Diabetic group showed significantly impaired pulmonary functions test as FEV1, FVC, and PEFR as compare to non-diabetic group.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 19-26

The need of speech and language pathology (SLP) as a specialized field in Pakistan emerged with the education of deaf. Development in education of deaf began in Pakistan by Mr. Siddique Akbar Makhdum in 1949. Later in 1951 College for the Teachers of the Deaf in Lahore was established with the collaboration of USAID and faculty from US to teach speech-language pathology. The basic courses introduced were speech, language and audiology. In the tenure of 6th president of Pakistan General Zia-ul-Haq, many organizations were formed to serve special needs children. In his time special education centers were developed in Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. One of its kind was Speech and Hearing Centre, Karachi, which was established in 1983 and aimed to advocate Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT).1 In 1991, Post graduate diploma in speech-language therapy (PGD-SLT) was launched with collaboration of NIRM (formerly called National Institute of Handicapped NIHd), UNDP and National Institute of Psychology (NIP), Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Ministry of Women Development, Social Welfare and Special education took this initiative. Diane Schaffer from USA and Linda from England were two expert speech therapists who came to Pakistan to teach and train PGD-SLT students in NIRM. Speech and Hearing Association of Pakistan (SHAP) was formed in January 2000.2 On 13th June 2002 SHAP got registered under Sindh Government with registrar of societies Act 21 of 1860. Currently Ms. Amina Siddiqui is President and Dr. Nadeem Mukhtar is Vice President of SHAP. In 2006-2007 Special Education Department of Karachi University launched masters in speech Therapy program. In 2007 Zia-u-Din Hospital started clinical services and collaborated with SHAP to develop the College of Speech Language & Hearing Sciences (CSLHS) where nation’s first 4-year Bachelor’s program in Speech Language Therapy was launched in 2007.2 In 2010 Riphah University Islamabad started MS program in speech-language pathology under supervision of Dr. Ayesha Kamal Butt. In 2013 Isra University Islamabad campus started M.Phil SLP degree program and PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences which opened way to doctoral degree for SLPs as well. In 2019 Riphah International University also launched PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences program. King Edward Medical University also launched BS program in 2008. Currently there are 16 institutes offering BS, 5 institutes offering MS/MPhil and 6 institutes offering diploma in SLP. On 9th October 2019 Pakistan Speech and language pathologist association (PSLPA) was formed by pioneers of field in Pakistan. It is federally registered under the society’s registration act 21 of 1860. Launch day of PSLPA i.e. 9th October was also declared as National Speech Pathology Day. President and Vice President of PSLPA are Dr. Nazia Mumtaz and Ms. Saima Tariq respectively. Although the field of speech-language pathology in Pakistan headed up in 1990 but research in the field began with the commencement of degree programs. The lag between practice and research resulted in the lack of culturally appropriate standardized practices which has yet not been eradicated fully. Despite efforts of existing associations to eliminate malpractice and quackery from the field, it is still going on a huge scale. In fact many practicing SLPs are yet not registered with any association because on legal grounds there is not yet any such compulsion for them on national level. In many states, like other medical professions, it is mandatory for SLPs to be licensed through a state authority in order to practice their speciality.3 The licensing process includes such steps that helps to maintain and establish stringent standards for licensure candidacy and practice. In Pakistan there is a dire need of state’s recognized licensing system that could assure provision of genuine SLPs to public through a standardized vetting process that internationally involves qualifying degree education, supervised clinical experience and examination. Graduate programs are producing culturally consistent researches, even though application of these researches is slow and rare to an extent that out dated traditional practices still dominates. Consequently patients and their families suffer with no or slow pace of progress. There are also centers where patients treated by SLP students are not supervised and guided by senior therapists hence their trial and error learning only benefits them in making stronger clinical record books but at the cost of patient’s wastage of time and student’s malpractice. One reason behind lack of desired clinical supervision is recruitment of less number of SLP clinical supervisors in teaching hospitals as compared to number of students and case load. In many institutes SLP departments are provided with too low budget to equip their clinics with latest assessment and treatment tools due to which students could not get know how of latest practices happening in the field at international level. A huge proportion of clients that take speech therapy sessions are children and adolescents. Regarding pediatric speech therapy, many families raise issues that they are not allowed to observe or stay in sessions. Furthermore, non-provision of appropriate parent training which is contrary to roles and responsibilities of SLPs,4 is also a critical issue that puts parents or guardians in psychological stress when they try to work with their affected family member. Like other countries, in Pakistan the solution of all aforesaid problems can only be found with integration of evidence based practices (EBP). Only with evidence based practices Pakistani SLPs can make informed, evidence based decisions in their practices along with provision of high quality services reflecting the needs, choices, interests and values of target population.

The First month of 2020 took the life of another very humble and noble anesthesiologist. He was a kind-hearted person, who only spoke when very essential. Dr Manzoor Ellahi breathed his last on 11th January 2020. He was born on 27th March 1944. He qualified MBBS from Nishtar Medical College Multan and soon joined King Edward Medical College / Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from where he successfully completed his training in anesthesiology and obtained Diploma in Anesthesia (DA). He served as a busy practicing anesthesiologist in different hospitals of Rawalpindi, and even run a pain clinic in the evening time. Dr Manzoor Ellahi was a very active, energetic and bold anesthesiologist of the Rawalpindi city. But he never left his great love for humanity, and always helped poor and needy patients.

Objective: To explore the perceptions of basic sciences faculty about the integrated curriculum. Study Design: Sequential mixed method study. Place and Duration of Study: King Edward Medical University Lahore, from Oct to Dec 2017. Methodology: A 15-item survey was utilized as quantitative information collection device that gave the numerical depiction of the patterns, views or conclusions of the participants. In-depth interviews were done after survey as a tool of qualitative data collection to investigate beliefs and explore the attitudes. Results: All ninety three faculty members of basic sciences in medical college were contacted and survey response rate was 96.77% (90/93). 97% of faculty members had awareness about curricular integration; but majority (56%) had concerns about its appropriate implementation. Majority agreed that integration was beneficial for students‟ learning. They were satisfied with its design and relevance. Major considerations were correct implementation and lack of coaching in adopting new teaching methods and educational approaches. Conclusion: Curriculum integration is useful and essential in student‟s learning but training is necessary in its planning and execution. Current negative perceptions need to be addressed through further research.

Introduction: Globally, rape of women is a serious health, social and religiousconcern and is considered as a violation of women basic human right. Objective: The aim wasto ascertain incidence of natural sexual offence (rape) in Punjab and to analyze the data withrespect to sociodemographic characteristics, findings of medicolegal examination and resultsof evidence collected from victims of sexual assault. Material and Method: This retrospectivestudy was conducted on 148 female victims of rape brought to Forensic Medicine Departmentof King Edward Medical University Lahore, Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore and NishtarMedical College, Multan from January 2012 to December 2013 for medicolegal examination.Details pertaining to socio-demographic profile of the victim, incident, findings of medicalexamination and results of evidence collected were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSSversion 20. Result: The most affected age group was 11-20 years (60.8 %). Majority of victimswere unmarried (70.9%), non- working (79.72%) and of lower socioeconomic class (71.6%) Allwere Muslims (100%). The highest number of victims was examined on the second day (24.3%).31% cases were of gang rape. Majority knew the assailant (45.9%). The commonest place ofoffence was an isolated place (66.2%) Extragenital injuries were seen in 10.8% cases. Hymenwas intact in 3.3% victims. The tears of hymen were old in 77.6% and fresh in 22.3% cases.Semen was detected in 18.2% cases. 1.3% victims were pregnant and 4% were intoxicated.Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of addressing rape as an important healthissue.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is reduced if inj Dexamethasoneis given preoperatively in patient undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. The aim of thisprospective randomized, controlled trial was to look into effectiveness of dexamethasone beforesurgery may improve nausea, vomiting after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopiccholecystectomy. Study Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Department of Surgery,King Edward Medical University, Lahore - Pakistan. Period: Nov 2010 to April 2012. Methods: 138Patients with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy were randomized to receive 08 mg Dexamethasone(n=66) or placebo (n=72) intravenously before surgery. Seven patients were excluded on accountof already on steroid treatment due to various reason. Vomiting and nausea were seen in next 24hours after operation. Dexamethasone has minimal side effect after single dose administration. Sixpatients (12%) has nausea and vomiting in treatment group while 26 (47%) in the control group(p<0.001). Patient having dexamethasone, five (10%) need antiemitics as compare to 24 (44%)of those receiving placebo (p<0.001). Conclusion: Single dose of Inj Dexamethasone givenpreoperatively reduce nausea and vomiting markedly in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and maybe routinely used in Laparoscopic procedure.