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Mushtaq, Asma, Asad Aslam Khan, Mohammad Ali Ayaz Sadiq, Seema Qayyum, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, and Ahmed Raza. "Retinoblastoma treatment outcomes in Pakistan." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 2499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.11.4545.
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Retinoblastoma is most common intraocular malignancy of childhood all over the world including Pakistan. Recent advances in the treatment of disease has improved the survival rates worldwide. Objective: To compare regression of retinoblastoma lesion after monotherapy (chemotherapy) vs combined therapy (chemotherapy + local consolidative therapy). Study Design: Randomized Control trial. Setting: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology at College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences/ King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Period: January 2015 to June 2016. Material & Methods: 43 patients with retinoblastoma (group C & D) were included in the study. Chemotherapy was given to patients in group1 and chemotherapy followed by local consolidative therapy was given to patients in group2. The percentage of regression of baseline lesion was noted after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Results: The mean regression of lesion in group 1 was 24.5% and in group2 was 59.9%, after six months of treatment. The value t-test was 36.02 with p value 0.00 (<0.05). Conclusion: The combined modality of chemotherapy and local consolidative therapy is more effective in causing regression of retinoblastoma lesion than chemotherapy.
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Ali, Faiza, Nazia Mumtaz, and Ghulam Saqulain. "PREDICAMENTS OF PROSTHETISTS & ORTHOTISTS IN PAKISTAN." PAFMJ 71, Suppl-1 (January 28, 2021): S229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-1.3513.
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Objective: To find out the level of anxiety, depression and stress and its association with quality of life ofProsthetists and Orthotists.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Rehabilitation departments and institutes including Pakistan Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic Sciences, Peshawar; King Edward Medical University, Lahore; Dow Medical University, Karachi; Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi; and Prosthetists and Orthotists working in public and private sectors, over a period of 6 months from Jun 2018 to Nov 2018.
Methodology: A sample of 250 Prosthetists and Orthotists of both genders, aged 20 to 60 years, were recruitedusing non probability purposive sampling. Those working in administrative posts and those who graduated after 2017 were excluded. Demographic sheet; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21; and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey-36 were administered through e-mail for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version21. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze any association.
Results: Results revealed prevalence of 139 (55.6%) for depression with predominance of moderate depression63 (45.32%), followed by mild 37 (26.62%), severe 24 (17.37%) and very severe depression 15 (10.79%); 154 (61.6%) for anxiety with predominance of severe level of anxiety 59 (38.31%), followed by moderate 48 (31.17%), mild 26 (16.88%), & severe anxiety 21 (13,64%); and 115 (46%) for stress with predominance of moderate stress 55 (47.82%), followed by mild 30 (26.10%), severe 20 (17.39%) and very severe stress 10 (8.69%). For quality of life SF-36 revealed a total mean score of 62.54 ± 16.72 and statistically..........
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Khurshid Sipra, Muhammad Wajid, Zahid Mehmood Akhtar, and Tayyaba Batool. "Sensitivity of PAS histopathology stain for the diagnosis of onychomycosis at multicenter teaching hospitals, Pakistan." Professional Medical Journal 26, no. 08 (August 10, 2019): 1213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.08.257.
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The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of Periodic acid –Schiff (PAS) staining an early and quick effective diagnostic test of nail clipping with routine tests in the diagnosis of Onychomycosis. Background: The routine gold standard for diagnosis of fungal nail infections has been direct microscopy (KOH mount) and mycological culture which often yield delayed or weak/false negative results. However recent studies have suggested that nail plate biopsy using PAS stain is rapid method of detection that grasped the diagnosis and manage the disease. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: 320 clinical diagnosed cases of onychomycosis performed at Department of Microbiology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur and Department of Histopathology King Edward medical University Lahore. Period: January 2012 to August 2018. Materials and Methods: The parameter looked in the sent investigation were histopathology PAS stain, mycological culture and microscopy. Presences of intensely stained reddish dots or threads like structures in between the cells of nail plate were considered to be positive results on histopathology with periodic acid Schiff (PAS). The microscopic study showed hyphae or spores and growth of organism concluded by morphological colony characteristics on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) periodically after 4 weeks. Result: out of total 320 cases, 81.25% was positive for histopathology PAS stain. Culture positivity was 60% and KOH mount recovered 52.5% positive. The combination of PAS stain and culture results showed 90.62% while Culture and KOH were 62.5% in nail clipping specimen. Conclusion: Histopathological PAS technique was found to be more effective than other laboratory methods for the diagnosis of Onychomycosis.
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Dhungel, Alok, Tariq Wassem, and Kshitiz Upadhyay-Dhungel. "Diabetic: A Comparative Study." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v4i1.16381.
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Background and Objectives: Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is particularly common medical disorder and is leading cause of morbidity worldwide. The complication of DM is due to micro or macro vascular damage. The presence of an extensive microvascular circulation and abundant connective tissue in the lungs raises the possibility that lung tissue may be a target organ in diabetic patients and thus pulmonary function test can be affected by DM. This study was designed to compare pulmonary function test between Type II diabetic and non-diabetic individuals; and, with the duration of DM.Material and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore Pakistan. Total sample consist of 91 diabetic and 91 non-diabetic grouped as group A and group B. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR were compared within two groups and with the duration of DM.Results: Total 182 sample with mean age 53.1±5.90 years, with 91(50%) male and 91(50%) female. Group A and B had 91(50%) sample each. Mean value of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR showed statistically significant difference among the both group. Mean of FVC decreases significantly with the increasing duration of DM; although, is not significant with FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR.Conclusion: Diabetic group showed significantly impaired pulmonary functions test as FEV1, FVC, and PEFR as compare to non-diabetic group.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 19-26
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Shafqat, Faseeha. "STRUGGLING FIELD OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY IN PAKISTAN." Rehabilitation Journal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/trj.v4i02.2.
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The need of speech and language pathology (SLP) as a specialized field in Pakistan emerged with the education of deaf. Development in education of deaf began in Pakistan by Mr. Siddique Akbar Makhdum in 1949. Later in 1951 College for the Teachers of the Deaf in Lahore was established with the collaboration of USAID and faculty from US to teach speech-language pathology. The basic courses introduced were speech, language and audiology. In the tenure of 6th president of Pakistan General Zia-ul-Haq, many organizations were formed to serve special needs children. In his time special education centers were developed in Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. One of its kind was Speech and Hearing Centre, Karachi, which was established in 1983 and aimed to advocate Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT).1 In 1991, Post graduate diploma in speech-language therapy (PGD-SLT) was launched with collaboration of NIRM (formerly called National Institute of Handicapped NIHd), UNDP and National Institute of Psychology (NIP), Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Ministry of Women Development, Social Welfare and Special education took this initiative. Diane Schaffer from USA and Linda from England were two expert speech therapists who came to Pakistan to teach and train PGD-SLT students in NIRM. Speech and Hearing Association of Pakistan (SHAP) was formed in January 2000.2 On 13th June 2002 SHAP got registered under Sindh Government with registrar of societies Act 21 of 1860. Currently Ms. Amina Siddiqui is President and Dr. Nadeem Mukhtar is Vice President of SHAP. In 2006-2007 Special Education Department of Karachi University launched masters in speech Therapy program. In 2007 Zia-u-Din Hospital started clinical services and collaborated with SHAP to develop the College of Speech Language & Hearing Sciences (CSLHS) where nation’s first 4-year Bachelor’s program in Speech Language Therapy was launched in 2007.2 In 2010 Riphah University Islamabad started MS program in speech-language pathology under supervision of Dr. Ayesha Kamal Butt. In 2013 Isra University Islamabad campus started M.Phil SLP degree program and PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences which opened way to doctoral degree for SLPs as well. In 2019 Riphah International University also launched PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences program. King Edward Medical University also launched BS program in 2008. Currently there are 16 institutes offering BS, 5 institutes offering MS/MPhil and 6 institutes offering diploma in SLP. On 9th October 2019 Pakistan Speech and language pathologist association (PSLPA) was formed by pioneers of field in Pakistan. It is federally registered under the society’s registration act 21 of 1860. Launch day of PSLPA i.e. 9th October was also declared as National Speech Pathology Day. President and Vice President of PSLPA are Dr. Nazia Mumtaz and Ms. Saima Tariq respectively. Although the field of speech-language pathology in Pakistan headed up in 1990 but research in the field began with the commencement of degree programs. The lag between practice and research resulted in the lack of culturally appropriate standardized practices which has yet not been eradicated fully. Despite efforts of existing associations to eliminate malpractice and quackery from the field, it is still going on a huge scale. In fact many practicing SLPs are yet not registered with any association because on legal grounds there is not yet any such compulsion for them on national level. In many states, like other medical professions, it is mandatory for SLPs to be licensed through a state authority in order to practice their speciality.3 The licensing process includes such steps that helps to maintain and establish stringent standards for licensure candidacy and practice. In Pakistan there is a dire need of state’s recognized licensing system that could assure provision of genuine SLPs to public through a standardized vetting process that internationally involves qualifying degree education, supervised clinical experience and examination. Graduate programs are producing culturally consistent researches, even though application of these researches is slow and rare to an extent that out dated traditional practices still dominates. Consequently patients and their families suffer with no or slow pace of progress. There are also centers where patients treated by SLP students are not supervised and guided by senior therapists hence their trial and error learning only benefits them in making stronger clinical record books but at the cost of patient’s wastage of time and student’s malpractice. One reason behind lack of desired clinical supervision is recruitment of less number of SLP clinical supervisors in teaching hospitals as compared to number of students and case load. In many institutes SLP departments are provided with too low budget to equip their clinics with latest assessment and treatment tools due to which students could not get know how of latest practices happening in the field at international level. A huge proportion of clients that take speech therapy sessions are children and adolescents. Regarding pediatric speech therapy, many families raise issues that they are not allowed to observe or stay in sessions. Furthermore, non-provision of appropriate parent training which is contrary to roles and responsibilities of SLPs,4 is also a critical issue that puts parents or guardians in psychological stress when they try to work with their affected family member. Like other countries, in Pakistan the solution of all aforesaid problems can only be found with integration of evidence based practices (EBP). Only with evidence based practices Pakistani SLPs can make informed, evidence based decisions in their practices along with provision of high quality services reflecting the needs, choices, interests and values of target population.
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Arslan, Syed Asadullah, Mohammad Reza Hadian, Gholamreza Olyaei, Hussein Bagheri, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Sahar Ijaz, and Ali Arab Kheradmand. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Among the Office Workers of King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan." Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy 6, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.3.161.
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Malik, Tariq. "Dr Manzoor Ellahi." Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 24, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.35975/apic.v24i1.1241.
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The First month of 2020 took the life of another very humble and noble anesthesiologist. He was a kind-hearted person, who only spoke when very essential. Dr Manzoor Ellahi breathed his last on 11th January 2020.
He was born on 27th March 1944. He qualified MBBS from Nishtar Medical College Multan and soon joined King Edward Medical College / Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from where he successfully completed his training in anesthesiology and obtained Diploma in Anesthesia (DA). He served as a busy practicing anesthesiologist in different hospitals of Rawalpindi, and even run a pain clinic in the evening time. Dr Manzoor Ellahi was a very active, energetic and bold anesthesiologist of the Rawalpindi city. But he never left his great love for humanity, and always helped poor and needy patients.
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Cheema, Khalid Mahmood. "FACULTY PERSPECTIVE ABOUT DIFFICULTIES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF NEWLY INTRODUCED INTEGRATED CURRICULUM FOR BASIC SCIENCES IN KING EDWARD MEDICAL UNIVERSITY." PAFMJ 71, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.3521.
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Objective: To explore the perceptions of basic sciences faculty about the integrated curriculum.
Study Design: Sequential mixed method study.
Place and Duration of Study: King Edward Medical University Lahore, from Oct to Dec 2017.
Methodology: A 15-item survey was utilized as quantitative information collection device that gave the numerical depiction of the patterns, views or conclusions of the participants. In-depth interviews were done after survey as a tool of qualitative data collection to investigate beliefs and explore the attitudes.
Results: All ninety three faculty members of basic sciences in medical college were contacted and survey response rate was 96.77% (90/93). 97% of faculty members had awareness about curricular integration; but majority (56%) had concerns about its appropriate implementation. Majority agreed that integration was beneficial for students‟ learning. They were satisfied with its design and relevance. Major considerations were correct implementation and lack of coaching in adopting new teaching methods and educational approaches.
Conclusion: Curriculum integration is useful and essential in student‟s learning but training is necessary in its planning and execution. Current negative perceptions need to be addressed through further research.
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Arif, Mariam, Mushtaq Ahmed, and Farah Hanif. "NATURAL SEXUAL OFFENCES;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 05 (December 14, 2018): 980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2543.
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Introduction: Globally, rape of women is a serious health, social and religiousconcern and is considered as a violation of women basic human right. Objective: The aim wasto ascertain incidence of natural sexual offence (rape) in Punjab and to analyze the data withrespect to sociodemographic characteristics, findings of medicolegal examination and resultsof evidence collected from victims of sexual assault. Material and Method: This retrospectivestudy was conducted on 148 female victims of rape brought to Forensic Medicine Departmentof King Edward Medical University Lahore, Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore and NishtarMedical College, Multan from January 2012 to December 2013 for medicolegal examination.Details pertaining to socio-demographic profile of the victim, incident, findings of medicalexamination and results of evidence collected were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSSversion 20. Result: The most affected age group was 11-20 years (60.8 %). Majority of victimswere unmarried (70.9%), non- working (79.72%) and of lower socioeconomic class (71.6%) Allwere Muslims (100%). The highest number of victims was examined on the second day (24.3%).31% cases were of gang rape. Majority knew the assailant (45.9%). The commonest place ofoffence was an isolated place (66.2%) Extragenital injuries were seen in 10.8% cases. Hymenwas intact in 3.3% victims. The tears of hymen were old in 77.6% and fresh in 22.3% cases.Semen was detected in 18.2% cases. 1.3% victims were pregnant and 4% were intoxicated.Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of addressing rape as an important healthissue.
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Azeem, M., Zia Ullha, Ahsan Nasim, and M. A. Cheema. "PONV." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 10 (October 10, 2015): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.10.946.
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Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is reduced if inj Dexamethasoneis given preoperatively in patient undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. The aim of thisprospective randomized, controlled trial was to look into effectiveness of dexamethasone beforesurgery may improve nausea, vomiting after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopiccholecystectomy. Study Design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Department of Surgery,King Edward Medical University, Lahore - Pakistan. Period: Nov 2010 to April 2012. Methods: 138Patients with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy were randomized to receive 08 mg Dexamethasone(n=66) or placebo (n=72) intravenously before surgery. Seven patients were excluded on accountof already on steroid treatment due to various reason. Vomiting and nausea were seen in next 24hours after operation. Dexamethasone has minimal side effect after single dose administration. Sixpatients (12%) has nausea and vomiting in treatment group while 26 (47%) in the control group(p<0.001). Patient having dexamethasone, five (10%) need antiemitics as compare to 24 (44%)of those receiving placebo (p<0.001). Conclusion: Single dose of Inj Dexamethasone givenpreoperatively reduce nausea and vomiting markedly in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and maybe routinely used in Laparoscopic procedure.
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Haider, Adnan, Irfan Azmatullah Khwaja, Ammar Hameed Khan, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf, Hafsa Zaneb, Abdul Basit Qureshi, and Habib Rehman. "Efficacy of Whole-Blood Del Nido cardioplegia Compared with Diluted Del Nido cardioplegia in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Retrospective Monocentric Analysis of Pakistan." Medicina 57, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090918.
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Background and Objectives: Cardioplegia is one of the most significant components used to protect the myocardium during cardiac surgery. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the utilization of whole-blood Del Nido cardioplegia (WB-DNC) on clinical outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study is to compare the effectiveness of diluted (blood to crystalloid; 1:4) Del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) with WB-DNC in patients who underwent elective CABG in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore-Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. The medical database of all consecutive patients admitted from January 2018 to March 2020 and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Results: Out of 471 patients admitted during the study period, 450 underwent various elective cardiac surgeries. Out of 450, 321 patients (71.33%) were operated on for CABG. Only 234/321 (72.89%) CABG patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria; 120 (51.28%) patients received WB-DNC, while 114 (48.71%) patients were administered with DNC. The former group presented with better clinical outcomes compared with the latter in terms of lesser requirements of inotropic support, low degree of hemodilution, shorter in-hospital stay, improved renal function, and cost-effectiveness. Peak values of serum Troponin-T (Trop-T), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) release, and activated clotting time (ACT) were also lower in the WB-DNC group compared with the DNC group. Conclusions: The WB-DNC conferred better myocardial protection, improved early clinical outcomes, and also proved to be economical for patients undergoing elective CABG compared with classical crystalloid cardioplegia solution.
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Younus, Muhammad, Sabah Usman, and Samia Jawed. "Effects of Obesity on Lung Functions in Young Adults." Annals of King Edward Medical University 24, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v24i1.2363.
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Obesity is a global health problem and its prevalence is increasing continuously. It is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with decreased lung functions. Objective: This study was designed to compare the pulmonary functions in obese and non-obese subjects. Additionally, we aimed to correlate the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with pulmonary function tests (PFT’s). Material and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at the Institute of Chest Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. One hundred and twenty individuals consisting of 60 obese (30 males, 30 females) and 60 non-obese (30 males, 30 females), fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were enrolled through non-probability purposive sampling. Informed written consent was taken from all subjects. The demographic information of these subjects such as name, age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were recorded. Spirometry of all the subjects was performed on Spirolab iii. Correlation between FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC ratio and body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio was measured by Pearson coefficient. A p value
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Qasim, Saleha, Ainul Momina, Fatima Tul Zahra, Tahira Bano Qasim, and Fakeha Rehman. "Knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare workers regarding biomedical waste segregation at Mayo Hospital Lahore." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.12.3888.
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Objectives: This study has been designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare workers at Mayo Hospital regarding biomedical waste segregation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Teaching Hospital of King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan. Period: February 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: Structured questionnaires in English and Urdu were employed to collect data from healthcare workers (nurses and doctors) on duty in different wards of Mayo Hospital. The demographics, level of knowledge, practices and attitude regarding biomedical waste segregation are reported using descriptive statistics. The comparison of doctors and nurses is done using chi-square. Results: Significantly fewer number of doctors correctly identified the container for bio hazardous waste (p=0.016), while majority (89.4%) of respondents were able to correctly identify the container for sharps and general waste. Significantly more (p=0.00) number of nurses had training in waste segregation as compared with doctors. Majority (95.0%) of nurses acknowledged that guidelines regarding waste segregation were available in their departments, whereas significantly lesser number (64.5%) of doctors acknowledged existence of guidelines at their workplace (p=0.00). 21.3% of respondents claimed to have acquired infection from waste with no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.19). A minority of the participants agreed that the practices were satisfactory (14.6%) and the required equipment was available (27.7%), yet there was a significant difference between the responses of doctors and nurses with the nurses being more satisfied with the available facilities and equipment (p=0.00) than doctors. Conclusion: The knowledge of the healthcare workers regarding waste segregation is better than their practices, nonetheless there is a dire need to improve the quality of training of these health care workers in and emphases must be put on ensuring that correct practices are adopted.
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Rashid, Zayed, Saira Tariq, Yumna Naeem, Zainab Jabeen, Mariyam Tariq, and Syed Aftab Haider Kamran. "Association of Lifestyle Factors with Sub-optimal Health Status Among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study." esculapio 17, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51273/esc21.251714.
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Sub-optimal health status is a gray state of health interceding between health and disease, causing reduction in vitality and adaptability in absence of any diagnosed illness. It is considered as a precursor to disease state whose prevention will decrease burden on healthcare system. Objectives: To assess the burden of suboptimal health status and analyze its association with lifestyle factors among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. Questionnaires based upon “Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0)'' and “Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II)'' were distributed among medical students of different years and 379 responses were completed. The data was entered in SPSS version 23 using quantitative variables. Chi-square test was employed to determine association of dependent with independent variables. Results: Frequency of the Sub-optimal health status and Health among individuals of study population was found to be 78.1% (296) and 21.9% (83) respectively. A significant positive association of lifestyle factors with Sub optimal Health Status was found (p < 0.005). There was a slightly high frequency of SHS among females than males and day scholars than hostellers. The respondents having SHS had lower mean values for each HPLP-II dimension relative to those who were reported as healthy. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of SHS among medical students. Poor lifestyle is a risk factor as a significant correlation exists. It can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Key Words: Sub optimal, SHS, Health, Lifestyle, Dimensions. How to cite: Rashid Z., Tariq S., Naeem Y., Jabeen Z., Tariq M., Kamran H.A.S. Association of lifestyle factors wih sub- optimal health status among undergraduate medical students: a cross sectinal study. Esculapio 2021;17(01):20-25
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Singh, Arun Kumar, and P. K. Gurung. "Factors Contributing to Kerosene Oil Poisoning in Children." Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v1i2.22081.
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Introduction: Kerosene has been identified as the most common cause of accidental poisoning around the world with majority occurring to either lower or middle income countries. Kerosene poisoning is identified as the fourth leading cause of injury related mortality in children with highest risk for acute poisoning occurring in child under five years of age.
Objectives: To identify common factors responsible for exposure to kerosene oil poisoning, its presenting features and outcomes in children.
Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted in Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Department, Mayo Hospital / King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan from March to September 2015.
Sixty children between the ages of 6 months to 10 years with history of kerosene oil ingestion/ poisoning were enrolled in the study. Information was obtained from guardians or parents.
Results: Sixty patients with history of kerosene poisoning were seen during the summer season. Age ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Most patients were from the ages 1 and 3 years and 75% were boys. Most children were from poor socioeconomic condition. The containers were soft drink bottles and plastic bottles; and kitchen and stairs were the common sites of storage. Clinical presentations were cough, vomiting and tachypnea. One child in study died after 8 hours secondary to respiratory complication.
Conclusion: Kerosene oil is a common health hazardous substance ingested accidentally by children. There is a need to create public awareness regarding kerosene oil storage and accessibility at home from the younger children.
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Gill, Saima, Sarah Mohsin, Sarah Arif, and Nimra Mumtaz. "Audit of Genito-Anal Injuries in male and femal sexual abuse cases - A retrospective study." Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine 1, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): e274. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/pjsm.v1i3.274.
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Background: Sexual assault is a global issue wherein timely examination of sexual assault victims by medico-legal officers and an understanding of the characteristics and factors influencing their injuries have a crucial impact on medico-legal evidence collection and its use in the court. Genital injury findings improve the level of justice for victims, but the lack of injury does not negate the possibility of sexual violence incurred on the victim. The following study describes in great detail the different factors associated with injury characteristics and the medico-legal importance of all these factors. Methodology: It was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Forensic Medicine Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. All the cases included that fulfill the predefined inclusion criteria were included. A record chart was designed, and six years’ data was recorded in it from the medical records of the medico-legal clinic. It was entered and edited manually. Methods used to prevent data entry errors included double entry and validation following data entry Difference of proportions between variables, where appropriate, has been calculated by Pearson Chi-Square test and Fischer Exact test at 95% confidence interval. Data were analyzed using SPSS v23. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were following the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the Helsinki declaration. Results: Genito anal injury was present in 28.2% cases and was absent in 71.8% cases. Most of the victims were aged 11 to 15 years. The most common injury in the victims was a tear. In females, the most common injury site was the vagina, while the perianal area was the most injured site in males. There was a significant relation (p<0.05) between type and site of injury, gender, site of injury, and prior sexual intercourse experience and prevalence rate of injury. Conclusion: This study concludes that the presence of injuries in the Genito anal area is suggestive of sexual assault and provides useful court evidence.
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AKHTAR, YASMEEN. "ECLAMPSIA;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 01 (December 10, 2012): 072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.590.
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Introduction: Hypertensive disorders during the pregnancy are seen in 5- 8% of cases. The worst form is eclampsia,associated with fits or convulsions. It is a rare event in developed countries. Eclampsia can not only lead to maternal mortalities but alsocause maternal morbidities. Lot of studies have been done about different aspects of this disease. This study aims to see the maternalmorbidities, mortalities but also to dig down the underlying parameters, which are responsible for them. They include Personal, Social,Educational, Medical and National problems. Objectives: (1) To compare the Fetomaternal outcome and complication in low risk andeclamptic patients. (2) To find out the underlying parameters or variables associated with this catastrophy. Study design: It is aDescriptive Study. Settings: Lady Aitchinson Hospital, Obstetrics/Gynecology Unit 1, Lahore, Pakistan. It is a teaching, tertiary carecentre affiliated with King Edward Medical University which is a well known all over the Asia. Duration: 1st Jan 2008 to 31st Dec 2010.Subjects and methods: 10557 patients presented in emergency room for Obstetrical causes.1200 patients had one or the other form ofhypertensive disorders.400 patients with Eclampsia presented with hypertension, fits and generalized body swelling. The patients whofulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: According to the results it is seen that maternal mortality is higher inEclampsia as compared to low risk (p=0.01)The maternal morbidities are also higher than normal low risk population (p=0.011).Perinatal outcome is again better in low risk than high risk group (p=0.099) .It was observed that illiteracy, poor socioeconomic status,lack of awareness about health facilities, poor arrangement at Basic Health units of villages, delayed decision making, delay in referraland management are the underlying variables and pitfalls which have to be addressed. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study thatalthough Eclampsia is a major killer and an uphill battle, but the measures can be taken at missed & neglected parameters, responsible forthe condition, to reduce the maternal morbidity and morality.
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Munir, Muhammad Kashif, Sana Rehman, Rizwan Iqbal, Muhammad Saqib Saeed, and Muhammad Aasim. "Comparison of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assays with Conventional Standard Proportion Method for Determination of Drug Susceptibility In Multidrug Resistant TB Suspects." Annals of King Edward Medical University 24, no. 1 (April 7, 2018): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v24i1.2335.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease and multidrug resistant tuberculosis is an emerging global issue. Rapid detection of such type of tuberculosis is necessary for timely control of the disease. GeneXpert test has already been implemented by World Health Organization to diagnose the infection on urgent basis. Objectives: This study was designed to apply GeneXpert MTB/RIF assays for the detection of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis and validation of assays by comparing with conventional standard drug proportion method. Additionally, to explore whether the assay can be utilized in treatment of Multidrug Resistant TB Settings: This study was undertaken in Pakistan Health Research Council TB Research Centre in collaboration with Department of Pulmonology, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Methods: Sputum samples from 125 patients were collected from confirmed pulmonary TB patients who were not responding to standard regimen of first line anti-tubercular treatment. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method. All specimens were processed for culture and drug sensitivity by drug proportion method using Lowenstein Jensen medium as well as GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Results: A total of 125 subjects were registered in present study including 64 (51.2%) males and 61 (48.8%) females of age 15 years and above with mean age of 36.9±14.99. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was observed as 92.1% and 93.5%, respectively. Association of rifampicin resistant by MTB/RIF assay and isoniazid resistance was found to be 88.1% and an agreement rate of rifampicin resistance by GeneXpert MTB/ RIF assay with isoniazid resistance was 81.25%. A total of 56 (44.8%) cases were found to be multidrug resistant patients and an agreement rate of 92.9% (52/56) was demonstrated in multidrug resistant patients which was found to be rifampicin resistant by GeneXpert in present study. Conclusion: GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay shown high sensitivity (96.7%) and specificity (98.6%). This most modern and latest technique, particularly in smear negative patients, helps rapid detection of TB and rifampicin resistance, which facilitates prompt diagnosis of multidrug resistant TB. These results propose that effective treatment can be initiated at an early stage, which will greatly help in reducing multidrug resistant TB.
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Qureshi, Asmaa, Khalilur Rehman, Sohail Husain, Nasirul Hasan Khawaja, Ghulam Rasood Qureshi, and Naveed I A. "Salivary gland tumours - a three years experience at King Edward Medical College, Lahore." Annals of King Edward Medical University 10, no. 2 (May 11, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v10i2.1207.
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Salivary gland tumours make an important part of oral & maxillofacial pathology. Only few studies have been done in Pakistani population. The aim of this study was to describe morphological types of salivary gland tumours diagnosed at King Edward Medical College/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore during the years 1999-2001 and to compare their demographic data with those previously published. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at King Edward Medical College/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore. It reports 117 cases of salivary gland tumours diagnosed at Pathology Department during 1999-2001. Results: Of the 128 specimens of salivary glands, 117(91.4%) were confirmed as salivary neoplasms. Out of them, 62.7% were benign and 37.6% malignant and a slight female predominance (58.1%) was found. The most common location was the parotid gland (65.8%) followed by minor salivary glands (19.6%). Majority oft he t tumours was diagnosed during 3rd to 5 decades of life. Median age for benign tumours was 33 years (range 1-78) and a female predominance (58.9%) was seen again. Median age for malignant neoplasms was 45 years (range 9-70) with a female predilection ( 56.8%). However, 4 out o f 5 patients with Warthin`s tumour were men. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent tumour (51.3%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (25.6%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (7.7)), Warthin`s tumour (4.3%) and monomorphic adenoma (2.6%). Two cases each of oncytoma & adenocarcinoma were recorded. Rare categories (single case each) of salivary tumours included lipoma, acinic cell carcinoma, basal cell adenoma, capillary haemangioma, metastatic carcinoma and non Hodgkin`s lymphoma. Conclusion: The principal site of salivary tumours was the parotid gland and females were most affected. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent finding. The results of this study are comparable with other studies.
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Hashmi, Ali Madeeh. "The challenge of Burnout in Public Medical Teachers in Pakistan: A mixed methods study." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 37, no. 5 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4429.
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Background and Objectives: Burnout is common in healthcare workers and affects multiple domains of functioning. The objective of this study was to assess burnout in medical teachers in a large public medical university in Lahore, Pakistan and explore the factors behind it.
Methods: Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, we first sent out the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) to all teaching faculty of basic and clinical science at King Edward Medical University (KEMU) Lahore. Descriptive analysis was performed on the 203 respondents who returned the survey. Of those who scored higher on the aMBI, 10 respondents (8 clinical science faculty and two basic science faculty) were selected for detailed semi-structured interviews exploring possible reasons for burnout. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was performed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Triangulation and member checking was used for validation.
Results: About 38.9% of respondents scored high on the Emotional Exhaustion subscale and 31.5% scored high on the Depersonalization subscale. There were statistically significant differences on the mean Emotional Exhaustion scores (p <0.001) between Basic and Clinical Sciences Departments with respondents from the Clinical Departments having higher scores (7.84 ± 4.32). Four main themes and multiple sub-themes emerged around burnout after qualitative analysis of the data. These included 1. Work-related factors 2. Family and social factors including challenges related specifically to women 3. Feelings and emotions and 4. Personal Qualities.
Conclusion: A significant proportion of medical faculty experiences burnout related to their professional and personal responsibilities. The reasons are varied. Policy planners and University/College administrators must acknowledge the negative effects of burnout on medical teachers and take steps to ameliorate it in the interests of improving medical education and training.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4429
How to cite this:Hashmi AM. The challenge of Burnout in Public Medical Teachers in Pakistan: A mixed methods study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4429
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Khurshid, Irfan, Samina Naeem, Faiza Bashir, Ayyaz Lone, Noman Aslam, Abdul Hayee, and Naveed I A. "Retinoblastoma; bone marrow infiltration - A study of 30 cases." Annals of King Edward Medical University 10, no. 2 (May 11, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v10i2.1205.
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Thirty patients of Retinoblastoma presenting in the Haematology Department of King Edward Medical College, Lahore were included in the study to find out the bone marrow involvement. The patients underwent bone marrow aspiration and peripheral blood examination was also done. The aspirates were screened for the presence of tumor cells. Of the patients studied 21(70%) were males while 9(30%) were females giving a male to female ratio of 2.8:1. Maximum number of patients were in the 2-3years age group. Twenty seven patients had unilateral Retinoblastomas while three patients had bilateral disease at presentation. The bone marrow of three patients showed presence of tumor cells.
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Zaidi, Syeda Rushda, Mohammad Ali A. Sadiq, Shua Azam, Uzma Sattar, Samia Iqbal, and Huma Ejaz. "Effect of Soft Contact Lens Wear on Tear Film Break up Time." Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 36, no. 2 (March 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v36i2.1028.
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Purpose: To see the effect of soft contact lens wears on tear breakup time.
Study Design: Descriptive Observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. From January to March 2016.
Material and Methods: Students of King Edward Medical University Lahore wearing soft contact lens for more than 3 months with no known ocular pathology were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. Subjects with history of using any eye drops, history of oral drugs, which could cause dry eye and individuals any ocular disease, were excluded from the study. Tear film BUT was tested by using Fluorescein sodium dye and examinig under cobalt blue filter of slit lamp.SPSS version 20 is used to analyze the data.
Results: There were 30 participants with mean age of 24.5 ± 5 years. All were females. Sixty percent were wearing corrective lenses, and 40% were wearing cosmetic lenses. Out of 30 patients wearing contact lenses, only 6.67% had marginal tear film BUT and none of the patients has shown dry eyes. Individuals using contact lenses for 9 – 12 years had decreased BUT as compared to subjects using lenses for 3 – 6 months. 33.33% of extended lens wearers had reduced BUT as compared to disposable and daily wearers of contact lenses. Discomfort with contact lenses was observed in only 4 patients.
Conclusion: As the duration of contact lens wear increases, the tear film break up time decreases. Individuals using extended wear contact lenses are more prone to develop decreased TFBUT.
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Ayesha Aslam, Iqra Anwar, and Adnan Tariq. "Sensory symptoms on admission as a predictor of respiratory insufficiency in patients of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, November 6, 2020, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.499.
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Abstract
Objective: To assess sensory symptoms on presentation as a predictor of respiratory insufficiency in patients of Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 at the Neurology Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients aged 18-60 years suffering from Guillain-Barre Syndrome as per Brighton criteria. All patients were monitored for respiratory insufficiency by single breath count and arterial blood gases. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 87 patients, 61(70.1%) were male and 26(29.9%) were female. The overall mean age was 37.51±15.36 years. Sensory symptoms were noted in 27(31%) patients, and respiratory distress in 17(19.5%). Of those who had sensory symptoms, 10(37%) also had sensory symptoms.
Conclusion: Respiratory insufficiency in Guillain-Barre Syndrome patients presenting with sensory symptoms was common.
Key Words: Guillain Barre syndrome, GBS), Respiratory distress, Sensory symptoms.
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Khadija Waheed, Mohamed Al-Eraky, Noor-i-kiran Naeem, Sara Ejaz, and Amna Khanum. "A narrative study on work place based conflicts in obstetrics & gynecology department." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, November 6, 2020, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.797.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore the patterns in research and underlying factors of conflicts in obstetrics and gynaecology and its effect on restricting the quality of education and training of residents.
Methods: The narrative study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Lady Aitchison Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, from October 2018 to January 2019, and comprised narrative essays by residents associated with the department. Data was subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: Of the 27 residents, 26(96.3%) were females and 1(3.7%) was male. Overall, 19(70.3%) were aged 25-30 years and 8(29.6%) were aged 30-35 years. Three levels of conflict were identified: organisational, interpersonal and individual. Causes of organisational conflict included inadequate facilities, poor security and unclear duty appointments. Interpersonal factors included lack of communication, lack of patient autonomy, non-cooperative co-workers, illiteracy of attendants and unprofessional behaviour. Individual factors were overburdening duty hours and duty negligence.
Continuous...
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Khan, Ikramullah, Shazia ., and Muhammad Farooq. "Vaginal Hysterectomy: study of 75 cases." Annals of King Edward Medical University 11, no. 3 (April 18, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v11i3.1046.
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Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of vaginal hysterectomy in respect of operative, post operative complications. Study design: Lady Aitchison Hospital affliated with king Edward medical college Lahore, from January 2004 to December 2005. Patients and methods. Out of total 215 hysterectomies performed,75 were vaginal for different conditions. Results: The results showed, that at the age of 50 yrs prolapse [48%] was the main indication, while menorrhagia [36%] was the main indication at age of 40 - 50 yrs. Between 30 - 40 yrs Menorragia with prolapse [16%] and below 30 yrs complete prodencia was the indication. 8% intraoperative complications were, 4% operative haemorrage, 1.3% visceral injury, 2.7% return to theature. The post operative complications were maternal death 1.3%, fistula formation (1.3%), return to theature (6.7%), retention of urine (5.3%), pelvic heamatoma (4%), and granulation tissue (2.7%). In 80.1% of cases hospital stay was less than 72 hours Conclusion: Vaginal hysterectomy was the safest, low cost procedure in benign conditions with a few intra / post operative complications.
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Hafeez, Muhammad, Shaharyar ,, Khalid Shabbir, Zafar Alauddin, Muhammad Farooq, and Muhammad Farooq. "Clinical outcome of management of acute myeloid leukemia with idarubicin plus cytarabine." Annals of King Edward Medical University 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v11i4.1100.
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A prospective study was conducted at Department of Clinical Oncology, King Edward Medical College / Mayo Hospital, Lahore from July 2003 to June 2004 to evaluate the effect of Idarubicin plus Cytarabine in chemo naive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. A total of 15 consecutive patients were enrolled with age group 15-58 years. Patients were classified according to French American British (FAB) classification. Induction therapy with Cytarabine as continuous infusion for 7 days and Idarubicin was given on day 1-3. For assessment of response, all patients were subjected to bone marrow examination fifteen days after completion of Induction chemotherapy. Consolidation Therapy with high dose Cytarabine was given on days 1, 3 and 5. Cytarabine was repeated after 28 days for 4 cycles in patients with complete remission after induction therapy. A remission induction rate of 66.7% was observed. Four patients died because of complications. One patient lost to follow up. Idarubicine and cytarabine is effective r egimen for achieving complete remission in AML Chemo-naive patients.
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Mazhar, Muhammad Bilal, and Muhammad Haroon Hamid. "Validity of Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score as an Outcome Predictor in Pediatric ICU of a Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan." Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care, January 25, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722758.
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AbstractPediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM-2) is one of the leading mortality scores used in intensive care units all around the world. We assessed its validity as an outcome predictor in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Mayo Hospital/King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan. We enrolled 154 consecutive admissions, aged 1 month to 13 years, requiring intensive care from January to June of 2019. Patient demographics along with PIM-2 data were collected; PIM-2 score and mortality risk was calculated; and the outcome recorded as death or survival. The median age at admission was 0.50 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.24–1.78) and the median weight was 5.0 kg (IQR: 3.08–10.0) with females constituting 54%; malnutrition was also common (66%). Observed mortality was 29.9% (46 out of 154) and expected mortality (cut-off ≥ 99.8%) was 27.9% with a standardized mortality ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–1.41). Sepsis was the most common diagnosis at admission (27.9%) with the highest mortality (52.2%). Chi-square analysis revealed a sensitivity of 54.3% and a specificity of 83.3% (p-value 0.00). PIM-2 score showed acceptable discrimination between survivors and nonsurvivors with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67–0.84) (p-value = 0.00); however, poor calibration according to Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test (Chi-square = 15.80, df = 7, and p-value of 0.027 [< 0.1]), thus requiring recalibration according to local population characteristics.
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Samira Shabbir Balouch, Rana Sohail, Sadia Awais, Riaz Ahmad Warraich, and Mir Ibrahim Sajid. "Comparison of functional outcome after open and closed reduction of mandibular subcondylar fracture." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, October 21, 2020, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.1263.
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Abstract
Objective: To compare open reduction with internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture with closed reduction in terms of adequate mouth opening.
Method: The randomised clinical trial was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Edward Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients who presented with unilateral subcondylar fractures. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group-A patients were treated with closed reduction and immobilisation and were discharged the same day, while Group-B patients were treated by open reduction with internal fixation and retained in ward for 1 day. Both were recalled for periodic follow-ups, and were compared in terms of achieving adequate mouth opening. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 70 patients, 35(50%) were in each of the two groups. The mean age in Group-A was 28.88±11.86 years compared to 28.22±10.80 years in Group-B (p>0.05). Mean mouth opening in the two groups were consistently positive, and significant at the last two follow-ups(p<0.001).
Conclusion: The difference in results of both treatment modalities was significant, indicating that open reduction and internal fixation should be the preferred treatment.
Key Words: Mandibular sub-condylar fracture, Open reduction, Closed reduction, Internal fixation, Mouth opening.
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Ahmad, Nasir, Ahsan Sethi, and Rehan Ahmed Khan. "The Impact of implementing multisource feedback on behaviors of young doctors." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 37, no. 7 (September 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4155.
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Objectives: Multisource feedback (MSF) is a workplace-based assessment tool that offers 360-degree evaluation of the trainee doctor. Little is known about its receptiveness among stakeholders in Pakistan. This study explores house officers’ perceptions regarding MSF since its implementation in Eye Unit-II, Institute of Ophthalmology, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted from July 2019 to February 2020 in Eye Unit II. A purposive (maximum variation) sample of 12 house surgeons was taken. Two focus group discussions were conducted. Data were transcribed and analyzed thematically.
Results: The study identified the impact of MSF on house surgeons. Most participants reported positive experiences. The feedback they received increased their motivation, management skills and team working. A number of factors affecting the receptiveness of MSF were also identified which mainly included characteristics of raters and emotional response to MSF.
Conclusion: Multisource Feedback is a useful tool for feedback that impacts the young doctors in many ways. It contributes to increasing their sense of responsibility, management skills and self-directed learning. The improvement in individual abilities and teamwork also helped in improving patient care.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4155
How to cite this:Ahmad CN, Sethi A, Khan RA. Impact of implementing multisource feedback on behaviors of young doctors. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4155
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Imran, Nazish, Zubair Hassan Bodla, Aftab Asif, Rabia Shoukat, and Muhammad Waqar Azeem. "Pakistan’s First Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Unit: Characteristics of admitted patients and response to treatment over a 7-year period." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 37, no. 2 (January 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2611.
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Background & Objective: Child & adolescent mental health needs to be considered as an integral component of overall health, however significant gaps exist in service provision especially inpatient services in Pakistan. The paper presents the characteristics of admitted youths and response to treatment in Pakistan’s first dedicated child & adolescent psychiatry inpatient unit in Lahore over a period of first seven years. The aim of this study was to better understand the various characteristics of children and youth admitted to this inpatient unit and response to treatment over a seven years’ period since the inception of the unit.
Methods: Inpatient medical records of children & adolescents admitted to dedicated Child & Adolescent Inpatient Unit at King Edward Medical University, Lahore were reviewed. Data was extracted regarding referral patterns, sociodemographic factors and diagnosis for the first seven years, from 2012 to 2019. Patients’ scores on Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Clinical Global Impressions Scales administered during intake were also reviewed.
Results: Six hundred and thirty-four (634) patients, 56% (355) being females were admitted to the unit during seven years with mean age of 12.3±2.3. Mean duration of admission was 15.60±6.3 days. Most predominant ICD-10 Axis-I psychiatric diagnosis were neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders (262); mood disorders (78); schizophrenia, schizotypal & delusional disorders (77) and behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (44). One hundred and fifty-nine (25%) children had comorbid diagnosis of intellectual disability on Axis-III. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores were in abnormal range for significant proportion (>50 %) of patients. CGI mean scores showed marked improvement at discharge.
Conclusion: Neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders are the most common diagnosis in youth needing inpatient treatment in Pakistani setup. Study results indicate that there is a clear need for specialized inpatient child and adolescent services such as ours in low- & middle-income countries.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2611
How to cite this:Imran N, Bodla ZH, Asif A, Shoukat R, Azeem MW. Pakistan’s First Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Unit: Characteristics of admitted patients and response to treatment over a 7-year period. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2611
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.