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BEN-AMOS GIRSHICK, PAULA, and JOHN THORNTON. "CIVIL WAR IN THE KINGDOM OF BENIN, 1689–1721: CONTINUITY OR POLITICAL CHANGE?" Journal of African History 42, no. 3 (December 2001): 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853701007915.
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Using a combination of oral tradition and written documents, the authors show that Benin’s civil war was a fundamental transformation of political structure, and not simply an isolated struggle. Before 1640, Benin was centrally governed by its king with the assistance of a royally appointed administration. Difficulties in succession, coupled with changing trading patterns, allowed the administration to gain some independence and then to challenge the kings, taking away some power. The civil war matched different levels of the administration and the kings against each other, and transformed Benin from a centrally governed to a more collectively governed kingdom.
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Eisenhofer, Stefan. "The Origins of the Benin Kingship in the Works of Jacob Egharevba." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171912.
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The kingdom of Benin has the reputation of being one of the most important examples for a king-oriented state-formation in sub-Saharian Africa. In the past few decades much research has appeared on the early history of this kingdom, the origin of its kingship, and the time of the early Ogiso kings, who are considered by many historians as the autochthonous founders of Benin kingship around 900. These Ogiso rulers are assumed to have been replaced between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries by kings of the later Oba dynasty, which supposedly descends from the Yoruba town of Ife and which continues in office at the present.The abundance of literature on the early history of the Benin kingdom often hides the fact that, apart from sporadic—and for the most part isolated—reports from travelers, a few archeological accounts, and some vaguely dated objects from Benin, the reconstruction of the early history of Benin is based almost exclusively on the data of the Bini local historian Jacob Egharevba, who published prolifically on Benin history and culture from 1930 to 1970. The most famous of his works is the Short History of Benin—a small publication, where the author deals with the history of the kingdom from its origins until the twentieth century.
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Kossouoh, Cosme, Mansour Moudachirou, Victor Adjakidje, Jean-Claude Chalchat, Gilles Figuérédo, and Pierre Chalard. "Volatile Constituents ofChromolaena odorata(L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Leaves from Benin." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 14, no. 2 (January 2011): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2011.10643925.
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Koter, Dominika. "King Makers: Local Leaders and Ethnic Politics in Africa." World Politics 65, no. 2 (April 2013): 187–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004388711300004x.
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Much of the literature on electoral politics in Africa has focused on one mechanism of electoral mobilization: reliance on shared ethnic identity between politicians and voters. On the contrary, the author argues that politicians pursue two distinct modes of nonprogrammatic electoral mobilization: (1) by directly relying on the support of voters from one's own ethnic background, and (2) by indirectly working through electoral intermediaries—local leaders who command moral authority, control resources, and can influence the electoral behavior of their dependents. Yet the power of local leaders varies greatly; hence the option to use electoral intermediaries is not available in all settings. The choice of electoral mobilization affects national electoral outcomes: by severing the direct link between politicians and voters, intermediaries reduce a campaign's reliance on shared identity and create cross-ethnic electorates. The evidence for this argument is based on original interviews with political leaders collected during fieldwork in Senegal and Benin during the 2006–7 electoral season, media coverage of elections, and a historical analysis of first mass elections in the 1950s.
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Musa, Rasheed Abiodun. "The theatre of Ovonramwen." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.04mus.
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Abstract The Ovonramwen theatre is a paradigm that necessarily celebrates various theatrical performances and play-texts that reflect on the life and time of Oba Ovonramwen, the former King of the Benin Kingdom, Nigeria. Using the deductive methodology, this paper reflects on the politics of historical reconstruction in the Nigerian theatre and importantly evaluates various play-texts written about Ovonramwen by Nigerian playwrights. We conclude that the international theatre market will benefit from the Ovonramwen theatre and sincerely call on the British Government to tell us their own account about the subjugation of the people of Benin and the deposition of the god-king (Ovonramwen) through the famous revenge mission in 1897. Theatricalising these events through a play-text by a British writer or commissioned by the British Government will further help us to do more comparative study about Ovonramwen all in the Ovonramwen theatre. The ‘incisors’ must be separated from the ‘grinders’ if the truth must be known. Résumé Le théâtre d’Ovonramwen est un paradigme de performances théâtrales et des textes qui reflètent la vie du Roi Ovonramwen, l’un des anciens rois de Benin au Nigéria. A travers une méthodologie déductive, cet article traite de la politique de reconstruction historique du théâtre nigérian et évalue surtout les divers textes des pièces théâtrales écrits sur les dramaturges nigérians. Nous concluons que le marché international du théâtre va bénéficier de l’oeuvre théâtrale d’Ovonramwen et va en profiter pour demander au Gouvernement Britannique de donner sa version de la subjugation du Royaume du Benin et de la déposition du Roi-Dieu (Ovonramwen) à travers la fameuse mission de vengeance de 1897. En théâtralisant ces événements au moyen d’une pièce théâtrale d’un dramaturge britannique, approuvée par le Gouvernement Britannique, on arriverait mieux à procéder à une étude comparative sur Ovonramwen dans diverses oeuvres théâtrales. Les “incisives” doivent se séparer des “molaires” si la vérité doit se mettre à nue.
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Irving, T. B. "King Zumbi and the Male Movement in Brazil." American Journal of Islam and Society 9, no. 3 (October 1, 1992): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v9i3.2577.
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Three great regions of America deserve a Muslim's attedon because oftheir Islamic past: Brazil in South America; the Caribbean, which scarcely hasbeen explored in this tespect; and the United States. Over 12 percent of theUnited States' population, and even more in the Caribbean, is of African origin,whereas Brazil has a similar or greater proportion of African descent.The enslavement and transportation of Africans to the New World continuedfor another three or four centuries after the region's indigenous Indianpopulations had either been killed off or driven into the plains and wooc1s.While knowledge of the original African Muslims in Notth America is vaguely acknowledged, teseatch is still required on the West Indies. Brazil's case,however, is clearer due to its proud history of the Palmares republic, whichalmost achieved its freedom in the seventeenth century, and the clearly Islamicnineteenth-century Male movement. As a postscript, the Canudos movement in 1897 also contained some Islamic features.In the Spanish colonies, the decline of the indigenous Indian populationsbegan quickly. To offset this development, Bartolome de Las Casas (1474-1566), Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, suggested the importation of enslavedAfricans to the new colonies, whete they could then be converted to Christianity.Few persons have exercised such a baneful effect on society as thisman, who is often called the "Apostle of the Indies." However, othes knewhim as the "Enslaver of Africans," especially the Muslims, who he called"Moots." These facts of African slavery apply to almost all of the Atlanticcoast of the Americas, from Maryland and Virginia to Argentina, as well asto some countries along the Pacific coast such as Ecuador and Peru. If thisaspect of Muslim history and the Islamic heritage is to be preserved for humanhistory, we need to devote more study to it.This tragedy began in the sixteenth century and, after mote than four hundredyears, its effects are still apparent. If those Africans caught and sold intoslavery were educated, as many of them were, they were generally Muslimsand wrote in Arabic. Thus, many educated and literate slaves kept the recordsfor their sometimes illiterate plantation masters, who often could not read ormake any mathematical calculations, let alone handle formal bookkeeping.In 1532, the first permanent European settlement was established in Brazil,a country which since that date has never been wholly cut off from WestAfrica: even today trade is carried on with the Guinea coast. Yoruba influencefrom Nigeria and Benin has been almost as pervasive in some regions of ...
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Aigbedion-Atalor, Pascal O., Itohan Idemudia, Medetissi Adom, Ethelyn E. Forchibe, Hospice Tossou, David D. Wilson, and Michael D. Day. "Marching across and beyond West Africa: First record of the stem-galling fly Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Central Africa and the implications for biological control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252770.
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The Neotropical invasive plant Chromolaena odorata R.M. King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae) is a serious weed in West and Central Africa and two biological control agents that have been introduced into West Africa to help reduce its impacts on agriculture and biodiversity, have established. The stem-galling fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has spread widely across West Africa since its release in only Côte d’Ivoire, occurring in six countries. This study aimed to investigate whether the gall fly had spread further across West Africa and into Central Africa. Here, we surveyed C. odorata for C. connexa galls in Cameroon between October 2018 and October 2020, along roadsides, on farms, residential areas, and abandoned plots, encompassing various vegetation types. Additional surveys were conducted across four countries (Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria) in West Africa that we considered the probable pathway for the spread of the gall fly into Central Africa. Cecidochares connexa was present at five of the six locations surveyed in Cameroon, albeit in varying abundance. In Africa, these findings represent the first-ever report of C. connexa outside of West Africa. In West Africa, we recorded significant expansion in the geographic range of C. connexa, as reflected in the absent-present record of C. connexa in two locations in Nigeria and one in Ghana, as well as its occurrence in all locations surveyed in Benin Republic and Togo. Clearly, Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria served as the dispersal pathway of C. connexa from the release sites in Côte d’Ivoire into Cameroon, covering over 2,300 km. Following the spread and establishment of C. connexa into Cameroon, we anticipate that it will continue to spread further into other parts of Central Africa which are climatically suitable. Cecidochares connexa is currently the only biological control agent for C. odorata in Central Africa. Given that it has significantly reduced populations of C. odorata in other countries where it has established, it is expected to have a similar impact in Central Africa.
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Putri, Kurniawati Purwaka, Agus Astho Pramono, and Dida Syamsuwida. "Fruit and Seed Production of Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) at Various Crown Dimention and Leaf Stomata Condition." Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/bptpth.2018.6.2.133-144.
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Lydie Edith Defodji, Sedami, and Roch A. Houngnihin. "REPRESENTATIONS SOCIALES DE LA TRISOMIE 21 A COTONOU." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13134.
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Downs syndrome is a birth defect that affects some children whose parents hide from birth. Known in Benin under the name tûxûsu, is trisomy 21 also called Down syndrome or mongolism a disease as perceived by Western medicine? Social representations defined as the images of perception developed by the communities to define a situation will make it possible to study this congenital reality in Cotonou because, in this West African city, the presence of a child with Downs syndrome in a family gives rise to several interpretations. Indeed, people with Downs syndrome are assimilated to vodùn divinity and are called Tûxûsu which literally means king of the waters. This work aims to analyze the social representations of Downs syndrome in Cotonou. Qualitative in nature, the investigation involved documentary research, direct observation, in-depth interviews and life stories. The survey took place in Cotonou from April 2020 to March 2021. The reasoned choice sampling and the route technique led to the selection of 46 actors from various socio-cultural groups. The triangulation of the data collected led to the following results: first the anomaly is not in itself a disease according to the actors and does not relate to any popular nosology, except the popular etiological register which inscribes it in a supernatural dimension then, the child with Downs syndrome in a family is a source of blessing with presumed consequences (brings well-being to a model family or restores the social order broken by the transgression of social rules) or source of curse calling for a spiritual sanction finally, the management of trisomy 21 is multifaceted and involves several actors who perceive this congenital anomaly in different ways depending on what their culture conveys.
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Plankensteiner, Barbara. "Benin—Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria." African Arts 40, no. 4 (December 2007): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar.2007.40.4.74.
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Borgatti, Jean M. "Benin Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria." African Arts 41, no. 1 (March 2008): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar.2008.41.1.92.
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Zontek, Robert. "Od trawelogu do King Konga. Misja badawcza jako motyw kina lat dwudziestych i trzydziestych w świetle imaginarium społecznego epoki." Prace Kulturoznawcze 23, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.23.2-3.6.
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From the travelogue to King Kong: Science expeditions as a cinematic motif of the 1920s and 1930s in light of the social imaginaries of the eraScience expeditions are a staple of cinematic fiction. The theme has been utilized in dozens of permutations in different media and film genres ranging from adventure flicks to family comedies and horrors. Indiana Jones, undoubtedly the best-known “field researcher” in the world, is one of popular culture’s most recognizable figures. In this article, however, I am interested in an era predating his cinematic debut by at least a half century. Its main focus is the 1920s/1930s threshold in which science expeditions began constituting themselves as a motif of cinema and the reasons why such a seemingly august, scholarly enterprise transformed into a popcultural phenomenon. My analysis will focus on two often overlooked but massively popular genres of the era: expeditionary films and exotic exploitation films, both of which, I argue, can be traced back to the ethnographic travelogue. I begin my inquiries — and end them — with Merian C. Cooper’s and Ernest B. Schoedsack’s King Kong 1993, which provides me with a framework for describing the ever-fickle relationship between documentary, fiction, truth and fabrication, which defined the cinematic representations of science expeditions from the very beginning.
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Branch, Robin. "“The Messianic Dimensions of Kingship in Deuteronomy 17:14-20 as fulfilled by Jesus in Matthew”." Verbum et Ecclesia 25, no. 2 (October 6, 2004): 378–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v25i2.275.
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This article examines a brief statement made by Patrick D Miller in his commentary on Deuteronomy, namely that scholars quite likely have missed the most important Old Testament passage relating to the kind of kingship Jesus manifested in his earthly ministry.Deuteronomy 17:14-20 gives a job description for an upcoming, earthly king; it carries messianic dimensions. Christian scholars, however, primarily have pointed to Isaiah and the messianic passages of the royal psalms to provide indication from the Old Testament that Jesus indeed fulfilled the promises therein of the promised king and the Messiah. Reading like a modern “Position Available” advertisement, the qualifications for kingship in Deuteronomy begin by saying the coming king must be God’s choice, an Israelite and not a foreigner; frugal, not prone to displays of wealth and military might; and careful to keep his heart faithful to the Lord. Furthermore, a king’s first duty is to write for himself a copy of the law and to read it throughout his life. The kind of kingship Jesus displayed during his ministry indeed exemplified his personal knowledge and careful following of the law, his total obedience to the law, his reverence for the law, and his humility before his disciples—all qualifications for earthly kingship “advertised” in the pericope. The Gospel of Matthew resonates with passages showing that Jesus answered the advertisement, met the job description, and fulfilled the qualifications for kingship outlined prophetically by Moses in Deuteronomy.
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Bell, Claudia. "“We Feel Like the King and Queen”." Asian Journal of Social Science 45, no. 3 (2017): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04503003.
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International retirement migration (IRM) refers to the rapidly growing wave of financially independent individuals from diverse nations seeking affordable, comfortable retirement away from their home nation. The goal is to maximise personal resources to enjoy those last years. Bali Indonesia was ‘not fully tamed by colonialism until the twentieth century.’ In becoming part of Dutch Indonesia it had endured a ‘long and bloody struggle’ (Vickers, 2012; 18). Today, it can be argued, Bali is in effect being colonised again, this time not just by 4 million tourists annually, but by international retiree settlers. Bali’s warm climate, benign culture, and comparative affordability deliver the prospect for foreigners to upwardly mobilise to a quality of living inaccessible at home. Local government authorities and residents respond to this influx by finding ways to maximise benefit from this lucrative retiree market. The requirements of the settlers are prioritised for potential profit.
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Bicheev, Baazr A. "Два «Царя дхармы» одного текста наставлений." Oriental Studies 13, no. 3 (December 24, 2020): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-49-3-629-639.
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Introduction. The Story of Usun Debeskertu Khan is a notable monument of old Oirat literature. Its popularity and wide distribution are evidenced by numerous manuscript copies stored by scientific institutions of Russia, Mongolia and China. It consists of instructions attributed to the Tibetan King Tri Ralpacan referred to as the last ‘Dharma King’ of the ancient royal dynasty of Tibet. During his reign, he was able to strengthen the country’s nationhood, dismiss China’s protectorate, and get Buddhism established as the state religion. Indirectly, these events are reflected in the text of his homilies. However, this work was created not during his lifetime but much later — in the 15th century. Ralpacan’s death marked the end of the era of ‘religious kings’, and the country started disintegrating into a vast number of small principalities. The process of active revival and reformation of Buddhism would begin only in the 15th century directed by Je Tsongkhapa and further sustained by the emerged institution of the Dalai Lamas. And it is during this period that the book of Ralpacan’s homilies was compiled. In the mid-17th century, those were translated into Oirat by the famous Khoshut ruler Güshi Nomin Khan recognized in Tibet as a ‘Dharma King’. This circumstance makes it possible to consider the creation of the Oirat translation from the viewpoint of historical events that were taking place in the mid-17th century in Tibet and Dzungaria, as well as to reveal its actual contents. So, a textual space of one didactic text known in Mongolic literatures as The Story of Usun Debeskertu Khan connects names of two great ‘Dharma Kings’ — and two epochs of ‘religious kings’ of Tibetan Buddhism. Goals. The article seeks to introduce the Oirat text of The Story into scientific circulation, and analyzes its historical contents identifying the historical component of the work. Methods. Comparative historical analysis proves a key research method. Despite repeated publications of the text, the latter was never essentially analyzed for historical aspects. Results. And the analysis conducted shows that 1) Tibetan King Ralpacan’s homilies are based on the ‘two principles (guidelines)’ finally adopted in his era, 2) religious and secular norms proclaimed by the text attest to that Buddhism had been thus established as the state religion of Tibet, 3) the fact the text of Tibetan King Ralpacan’s homilies was translated into Oirat by Güshi Nomin Khan implies the latter should be equally revered as a ‘Dharma King’.
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Deori, Mr Nandeswar. "Miranda: King Prospero’s Heart and Prosperous Beauty." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i3.10950.
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Miranda is the dear daughter of king Prospero. She is the only daughter of the king. She understands the human values though she had to live with her father in the secluded island. When she was watching the sinking crews of the ship in the tempestuous waves of ocean, her heart begins to wavering if they will die or not. She cannot see the passengers hue and cry. Being a loyal daughter, she begs her father to save the passengers with his supernatural powers. Prospero’s deep love for Miranda is perhaps striking, so he says that the passengers will not be harmed but be realized what the grave situation is. The ’rich gift’ of Prospero later falls in love with Ferdinand at the first sight whom Ariel isolated from the other members of the crews of the ship and brought to Prospero’s cell. Here, Miranda’s romantic showers begin to fall upon Ferdinand. She shows herself to be a passionate lover as does Ferdinand too. The intensity of her love begins to increase. The impulses that have been palpitating in her heart deeply and passionately taking about the prince Ferdinand are nothing but ‘’Eve of an enchanted Paradise’’.
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Devkota, Kamal, Bishnu Maharjan, Dev Narayan Mandal, Rohit Giri, and Matt Goode. "Save The King: Human-King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor 1836), conflicts and the need for conservation strategies in Nepal." Reptiles & Amphibians 28, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i2.15596.
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Abstract.—Snake research tends to have a low priority in Nepal and very little information, mostly confined to populationsin small areas, addresses the biology and threats to the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah). Herein we providedata that could facilitate an assessment of the species’ status in Nepal and begin to address its conservation needs.We recorded data on King Cobras from 2015–2020, crosschecking with previous studies to avoid any duplicationof records. A King Cobra from Siddhara, Arghakhachi District, was the first record of the species in the district. Werecorded a total of 50 King Cobra mortalities from 20 districts, with most of them killed near human settlementsadjacent to forested areas. We mapped the locations of all mortalities and recorded land-use changes within a 500-mbuffer around each site over a 30-year period (1990–2020), revealing extensive landscape fragmentation in previouslyconnected natural areas. Our data suggest that the major threats to King Cobras are deliberate killing by humans andlarge-scale habitat loss due to an increasing human population. We recommend increased research to better understandthe biology of this charismatic species and continued conservation education and community outreach programs tofacilitate the development of effective conservation strategies.
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Mashudi, Mashudi, Mudji Susanto, and Liliana Baskorowati. "Pengaruh Sumber Benih dan Famili Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Mahoni Daun Lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Umur Tujuh Bulan." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 13, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.52141.
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Mahoni daun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King.) merupakan jenis eksotik dari Amerika Latin yang telah ditanam di Indonesia sejak tahun 1870. Jenis ini merupakan pemasok kayu pertukangan yang cukup penting di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh sumber benih dan famili terhadap keragaman pertumbuhan bibit S. macrophylla untuk mendukung kegiatan pemuliaan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu sumber benih (Banjar-Jabar, Samigaluh – Kulonprogo, Bondowoso-Jatim dan Lombok-NTB) dan famili (35 famili). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sumber benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter batang, sedangkan famili berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter batang dan jumlah daun pada umur 7 bulan. Pertumbuhan bibit dengan tinggi terbaik (55,8 cm) berasal dari sumber benih Banjar dan pertumbuhan bibit dengan diameter batang terbaik berasal dari sumber benih Banjar dan Lombok masing-masing sebesar 0,62 cm dan 0,61 cm.Effect of Seed Source and Family on The Growth of (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Seedling at Seven Months Old.AbstractSwietenia macrophylla King. is an exotic species from Latin America which have been planted in Indonesia since 1870. This species is a good wood source for construction timber which is quite important in Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine the effect of seed source and family on S. macrophylla seedling growth which may be useful for supporting breeding program of this species. The seeds were collected from four seed sources: Banjar - West Java, Samigaluh - Kulonprogro, Bondowoso - East Java and Lombok – West Nusa Tenggara. Every seed source consisting of 10 families, except Bondowoso which had 5 families. The study was arranged in a randomized complete design, five seedlings per plot and repeated 5 times for each family. At 7 months old the seed source had significantly influence on height and stem diameter, while the family significantly influence height, stem diameter and the number of leaf. Banjar seed source had the best height growth (55.8 cm), while Banjar and Lombok seed sources had the best stem diameter, respectively 0.62 cm and 0.61 cm.
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Hogg, Christopher. "The Punk-Rock King: Musical Anachronism in Period Film." Media International Australia 148, no. 1 (August 2013): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314800110.
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Music has a powerful indexical ability to evoke particular times and places. Such an ability has been exploited at length by the often-elaborate soundscapes of period films, which regularly utilise incidental scores and featured period songs to help root their narrative action in past times, and to immerse their audiences in the sensibilities of a different age. However, this article will begin to examine the ways in which period film soundtracks can also be used to complicate a narrative sense of time and place through the use of ‘musical anachronism’: music conspicuously ‘out of time’ with the temporality depicted on screen. Through the analysis of a sequence from the film W.E. (Madonna, 2011) and the consideration of existing critical and conceptual contexts, this article will explore how anachronistic soundtracks can function beyond ‘postmodern novelty’ or ‘nuisance’ to historical verisimilitude, instead offering alternative modes of engagement with story and history.
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Eisenhofer, Stefan. "The Benin Kinglist/s: Some Questions of Chronology." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172022.
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The chronology of the history of the Benin kingdom is seen by many historians as clarified in the main back to the thirteenth century and even earlier. Apart from the reports of European travelers and missionaries and some information given by merchants, this chronology is based mainly on the Benin kinglist for the periods before 1897. This list names 38 kings (obas) of Benin and covers past centuries with seemingly great accuracy (see table 1).In spite of the many names of former obas and the pretended accuracy of the list's time-frame, it would be problematic to take it as historically factual since it cannot be corroborated by any documentation before the mid-nineteenth century. The data concerning the period before this time are almost exclusively based on the writings of the Benin amateur historian Jacob Egharevba. In his work Egharevba reported on important events in the oral traditions of Benin and connected the reign of former kings with specific years. In doing so he forced his African oral material into a linear European time scheme and into the framework specified by European written sources.Unfortunately, very few historians have as yet critically analyzed the chronological data for Benin. This is surprising, since the great Benin researcher Bradbury noted some time ago that Egharevba's “chronological conclusions have been accepted too uncritically, especially for the period up to the first European contact” (Bradbury 1959:285f) and have been seen as historical facts without any further consideration ever since. Neither the question of so-called “genealogical parasitism,” nor any of the other fundamental problems which arise when studying kinglists have been addressed.
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Nelson, Janet L. "‘A King Across the Sea’: Alfred in Continental Perspective." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 36 (December 1986): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679059.
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I BEGIN with the quotation in my title: ‘Alfred, a king across the sea’. It is actually a tenth-century label rather than a strictly contemporary one: it was used by Flodoard of Rheims inc.960 when he summarized a letter sent to Alfred by Archbishop Fulk of Rheims inc.890. How Fulk himself had addressed Alfred we don't know. But, according to Flodoard, what he said was ‘amicable’: he ex-pressed satisfaction on hearing of the appointment of a good man, Plegmund, to the see of Canterbury, because he had heard that ‘a most perverse sect’ had spread among the English and Plegmund was the man to cut it down. This sect held that bishops and priests could have women secretly living with them and that anyone who wished could mate with kinswomen of his own family and have incestuous relations with women consecrated to God and have a wife and a concubine at the same time. Fulk ended by demonstrating to Alfred the error of such views.
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Aichele, George, Peter D. Miscall, and Richard Walsh. "Heirs Apparent in Juxtaposition: David in Samuel-Kings and Michael Corleone in The Godfather." Biblical Interpretation 26, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00263p02.
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Abstract We read together the story of David in 1 Samuel 16-2 Kings 2 and that of Michael Corleone in The Godfather. They both begin outside the main power structure, the kingdom of Saul and the crime family, and then rise, often through the use of violence, to the top: King and Don. David’s decisive slaying of Goliath is matched by Michael’s assassination of Sollozzo and McCluskey. After the killings both are now recognized as serious “players” in their respective structures. As they move up the power chain David and Michael, as characters in biblical narrative and modern film, are haunted by the possibility that their stories could have been different: the innocent young shepherd and the decorated Marine. Both could be separate from the violence and corruption of Israelite monarchy and of the Corleone family.
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Hastuti, Ika Nofi. "PENGARUH SAYAP TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH MAHONI (Swietenia macrophylla King) ASAL BKPH CIANJUR KPH CIANJUR." Jagros : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (Journal of Agrotechnology Science) 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/jagros.v1i2.310.
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To produce a good quality Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) tree, besides need a good sedds, also need a good source and a good treatment too.This research is interrelated with some test treatment, to get a good seedlings from the germination treatment , with saw the genetic expression from four treatment, the germination with full seeds, seeds with 50 % wings left, seeds with 25% wings left and seeds without wings.
The genetic expression from each treatment showed by plant physologize process durung the germination, by seeds germination percentage parameters, quick of seeds germination , fast of seeds growth and seeds germination values. This four parameters has been analysis with complete random model.
For quickest germination result is possessed by a seeds wihout wings, while fastest growth could be produced by a seeds with full wings.From the results of the analysis that each treatment showed a different genetic expression, seeds with 25% wings left have a high growth percentage and germination value than seeds without wings and seeds with full wings.But from all the treatment results, the best is possesessed by a seds with 25% wings left.
Keyword : Wings, Seeds, Germ Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King).
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King, Sharon. "‘Rather, ten times, die in the surf, heralding the way to a new world, than stand idly on the shore’: saying goodbye to 2020." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 10, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2021.10.1.32.
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KOWALCZYK, BOGUMIŁA, ADAM LECKO, and YOUNG JAE SIM. "THE SHARP BOUND FOR THE HANKEL DETERMINANT OF THE THIRD KIND FOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 97, no. 3 (April 4, 2018): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972717001125.
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We prove the sharp inequality $|H_{3,1}(f)|\leq 4/135$ for convex functions, that is, for analytic functions $f$ with $a_{n}:=f^{(n)}(0)/n!,~n\in \mathbb{N}$, such that $$\begin{eqnarray}Re\bigg\{1+\frac{zf^{\prime \prime }(z)}{f^{\prime }(z)}\bigg\}>0\quad \text{for}~z\in \mathbb{D}:=\{z\in \mathbb{C}:|z|<1\},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $H_{3,1}(f)$ is the third Hankel determinant $$\begin{eqnarray}H_{3,1}(f):=\left|\begin{array}{@{}ccc@{}}a_{1} & a_{2} & a_{3}\\ a_{2} & a_{3} & a_{4}\\ a_{3} & a_{4} & a_{5}\end{array}\right|.\end{eqnarray}$$
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Plumb, Emily. "Kine-Phonesis: The Sonic Dancer in Relay." Dance Research Journal 41, no. 2 (2009): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767700000668.
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The sounds that emanate from the dancers as they begin to crumble toward the floor spews from their bodies in loud painful moans; they reach upwards only to fall back to the ground. A unified group gesture—the initial formulaic but also functional gesture of French baroque declamation—disintegrates into disjointed formations and chaotic noise. Sounds echo off the small performance space, amplifying and confusing the tumultuous din. I do not know how or when the moans become words, but the words resist my understanding because they are being uttered in at least six different languages. Breath. Movement. Sound. Every relay between them starts out in a delicate gesture that is then vocalized, as it appears to fragment. I hear whispers and words out of context. Soon all of the dancers are in vocal spasm. I keep waiting for the music to begin to play.It is the final showing of a voice and movement class in the dance M.A. program at Freie Universiteit, Berlin. Students are working with choreographer Mark Franko and his assistant Alessandro Rumié on the sonic elements of their own bodies to create a sound score in place of music. The fragments of sound found in Relay (2008) are artifacts. The dancers excavated text from various sources and in a variety of languages.
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Mashudi, Hamdan Adma Adinugraha, Dedi Setiadi, and Mudji Susanto. "Keragaman Fenotipik Buah dan Daya Perkecambahan Benih Swietenia macrophylla King. dari Beberapa Populasi di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 11, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.28283.
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Mahoni daun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King) merupakan salah satu jenis yang banyak dikembangkan pada hutan tanaman maupun hutan rakyat. Meskipun jenis ini bukan jenis asli Indonesia tapi dilaporkan memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi morfologi buah dan benih S. macrophylla serta daya perkecambahannya dari beberapa populasi di Jawa dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan asal populasi dan pohon induk sebagai perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya variasi antar populasi dan pohon induk pada karakter berat buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah biji dalam satu buah serta daya berkecambahnya kecuali jumlah benih per kilogram. Rerata berat buah setiap populasi berkisar antara 275-385 g, panjang buah 12-15 cm, diameter buah 7-9 cm, jumlah biji per buah 59-64 butir, dan daya berkecambah 44-96%. Rerata berat buah per pohon induk berkisar antara 153-490 g, panjang buah 10-20 cm, diameter buah 6-10 cm, dan jumlah biji per buah 52-69 butir. Fenotipik buah S. macrophylla beragam antar populasi dengan daya erkecambah benih terbaik ditunjukkan oleh populasi Lombok Tengah dan Banjar sebesar 86-96%.Kata kunci: daya berkecambah; keragaman fenotipik; morfologi buah; Swietenia macrophylla Variation of Fruits Phenotipic and Seeds Germination of Swietenia macrophylla King. Taken from Several Populations in IndonesiaAbstractBroad leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) is one of popular species developed in the state forest plantations and smallholder forest. Although it is not native in Indonesia, but the species has high genetic diversity. This study was conducted to determine the morphological variation of fruits, seeds, and also seeds germination of broad leaf mahogany from several populations in Java and West Nusa Tenggara. The research was arranged in completely randomized design with native populations and parent trees as treatments. The results showed significant variations between the populations and parent trees on fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds in the fruit, and seeds germination rate except the number of seeds per kilogram. The average per population of fruit weight ranged from 275 to 385 g, fruit lengths from 12 to 15 cm, fruit diameter from 7 to 9 cm, the number of seeds per fruit 59 to 64 grains and 44 - 96 % of seeds germination rate. The average per parent trees of fruit weight ranged from 153 to 490 g, fruit lengths from 10 to 20 cm, fruit diameter from 6 to 10 cm, and the number of seeds per fruit 52 to 69 grains. Fruit phenotipic of S. macrophylla varies between populations with the best seed germination indicated by the populations of Central Lombok, Bantul and Banjar amounted to 86-96%.
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Prameswari, Nadia Sigi. "STRATEGI BRANDING MELALUI INOVASI DESAIN KEMASAN BAGI HOME INDUSTRY SABUN CAIR." Desain Komunikasi Visual, Manajemen Desain dan Periklanan (Demandia) 3, no. 02 (September 28, 2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/demandia.v3i02.1547.
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Industri Rumah Tangga merupakan salah satu wujud dari Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) yang memproduksi barang-barang dan dilakukan di dalam rumah serta berskala kecil. King Queenclong dan Star Sabun Herbal merupakan produk home industry sabun cair di kota Surakarta. Saat ini produk sabun cair tersebut telah dikemas dalam botol ukuran 300 ml dan terdapat label yang menunjukkan identitas produk, namun saat ini penjualan kian menurun lantaran banyaknya kompetitor produk sejenis dengan desain kemasan yang lebih memukau sehingga menarik minat beli masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu upaya inovasi branding melalui packaging dan labelling. Hasil penelitian terhadap responden menunjukkan faktor utama dalam memilih produk sabun adalah desain kemasan, faktor selanjutnya adalah harga dan isi. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan, telah diujicobakan desain kemasan sabun cuci piring pada responden diantaranya adalah bentuk botol pump volume 300ml, warna botol bening dengan label warna hijau dan putih. Sedangkan bentuk botol untuk sabun cuci tangan adalah botol flip top volume 300ml, warna botol bening dengan label warna ungu-putih (Sabun King Queenclong) dan label warna hijau-putih (Star Sabun Herbal). Inovasi branding ini diharapkan dapat memberi dorongan kepada konsumen untuk membeli produk sabun cair King Queenclong dan Star Sabun Herbal.
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Gabbard, Cori L. "“Begin, begin, of some old king and queen, [o]f Lugaid Redstripe or another”: “Modernizing” the “Medieval” in William Butler Yeats’s Deirdre." Yeats Journal of Korea 53 (August 31, 2017): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14354/yjk.2017.53.17.
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Desai, Ketan I. "Primary Benign Brachial Plexus Tumors." Neurosurgery 70, no. 1 (July 13, 2011): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31822d276a.
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Abstract Primary benign brachial plexus tumors are rare. They pose a great challenge to the neurosurgeon, because the majority of patients present with minimal or no neurological deficits. Radical to complete excision of the tumor with preservation of neurological function of the involved nerve is an ideal surgical treatment option with benign primary brachial plexus tumor surgery. We present a review article of our 10-year experience with primary benign brachial plexus tumors surgically treated at King Edward Memorial Hospital and P.D. Hinduja National Hospital from 2000 to 2009. The clinical presentations, radiological features, surgical strategies, and the eventual outcome following surgery are analyzed, discussed, and compared with available series in the world literature. Various difficulties and problems faced in the management of primary benign brachial plexus tumors are analyzed. Irrespective of the tumor size, the indications for surgical intervention are also discussed. The goal of our study was to optimize the treatment of patients with benign brachial plexus tumors with minimal neurological deficits. It is of paramount importance that brachial plexus tumors be managed by a peripheral nerve surgeon with expertise and experience in this field to minimize the neurological insult following surgery.
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Schamber, Fred, and Kai van Beek. "A ‘Different’ Kind of Microscopy." Microscopy Today 15, no. 1 (January 2007): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051117.
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At the August M&M-2006 meeting in Chicago, we were standing next to our poster titled A Different Kind of Microscopy: Analyzing Features with an Automated Electron Beam when an acquaintance with long experience in electron microscopy wandered by. After a glance at the poster title, he challenged: “What's different about that?” Upon hearing our summary he asked (with what we took to be an encouraging tone of voice): “Are you going to publish this?” We had enough similar reactions from others to make that seem a good idea, and this is the result.This discussion should begin by noting that the operative word in the title is “different,” not “new.” In point of fact, the foundations for the technique were laid in the 1970s when some workers began putting scanning electron microscopes and microprobes under software control by interfacing them to the “minicomputers” that powered the computerized x-ray analyzer units then entering the market. Even prior to this, there were a few “hard-wired” image analyzers that mechanized the process of extracting information from microscope images. Thus, automated analysis of features via an electron beam instrument is hardly a new concept.
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Zhu, Ling. "Concise high precision approximation for the complete elliptic integral of the first kind." AIMS Mathematics 6, no. 10 (2021): 10881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2021632.
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<abstract><p>In this paper, we obtain a concise high-precision approximation for $ \mathcal{K}(r) $:</p> <p><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \frac{2}{\pi }\mathcal{K}(r){\rm{ }}>{\rm{ }}\frac{22\left( r^{\prime }\right) ^{2}+84r^{\prime }+22}{7\left( r^{\prime }\right) ^{3}+57\left( r^{\prime }\right) ^{2}+57r^{\prime }+7}, \end{equation*} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p> <p>which holds for all $ r\in (0, 1) $, where $ \mathcal{K}(r) $ is complete elliptic integral of the first kind and $ r^{\prime } = \sqrt{1-r^{2}} $.</p></abstract>
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Woolf, D. R. "Speech, Text, and Time: The Sense of Hearing and the Sense of the Past in Renaissance England." Albion 18, no. 2 (1986): 159–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050313.
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Midway through his account of the reign of King Edward III, John Speed paused to remind his readers of what had gone before, an account of Edward's wars in France, by way of leading into his next subject, the king's godliness. “You have heard a part of great king Edward's victorious fortunes in battle, both by land and sea; be not ignorant of his pietie.” Speed's choice of language is striking: “You have heard.” Many early modern authors employed this same peculiar device. In 1600, Thomas Danett commenced a chapter of his A continuation of the history of France with the sentence, “You have heard how a truce for five years was concluded betweene the kings of Fraunce and Spaine.” Thomas James, translating a French work on the Stoics, wrote, “You have heard discoursed unto you the principall lawes which the Stoickes thincke expedient….” To justify the printing of a quotation from a medieval manuscript, William Camden urged his reader to “heare the verie words out of that private historic” Richard Verstegan directed the reader to “heer the testimony of sundry ancient and approved authors.” The anonymous author of The historie of Mervine (1612), a chivalric romance, reminded the reader of an earlier event with the remark: “the childe (as you have heard) was baptized….”As historians, we have all had occasion to refer the reader back to earlier points in our articles, theses, and books. As a rule, such passages begin with a phrase like “we have seen,” or “it has been shown,” not “you have heard.”
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Aïzoun, Nazaire. "Importance to use nets against pests in fruit-tree protection in Dogbo district in south-western Republic of Benin, West Africa." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 8, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2021.807.003.
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The current study was aimed to investigate on the use of nets against pests in fruit-tree protection in couffo department in south-western Republic of Benin, West Africa. The locations of Ayomi, Dévé, Honton, Lokogohoué, Madjrè and Totchangni were surveyed in June 2019 to collect information about the number of fruit-trees protected by nets against pests and those protected by mosquito nets, the kind of fruit-trees protected and the kind of mosquito nets used. The results showed that one hundred and twenty five (125) fruit-trees were protected by mosquito nets in Dogbo district whereas only five (05) fruit-trees were protected by nets against pests. Farmers used different mosquito nets to protect their fruit-trees such as Permanet 2.0 and Olyset nets. The use of mosquito nets in fruit-tree protection in couffo department is a reality in Benin country. For that reason, nets against pests without insecticide must be promoted to the farmers. These nets are different from mosquito nets distributed free by the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP).
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Lecoq, Marie-Elise, Anne-Sophie Archambeau, Fabien Cavière, Kourouma Koura, Sophie Pamerlon, and Jean Ganglo. "GBIF Benin's Data Portal." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25890.
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GBIF Benin, hosted at the University of Abomey-Calavi, has published more than 338,000 occurrence records in 87 datasets and checklists. It has been a Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) node since 2004 and is a leader in several projects from the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme. GBIF facilitates collaboration between nodes at different levels through its Capacity Enhancement Support Programme (CESP) [https://www.gbif.org/programme/82219/capacity-enhancement-support-programme]. One of the actions included in the CESP guidelines is called ‘Mentoring activities’. Its main goal is the transfer of knowledge between partners such as information, technologies, experience, and best practices. Sharing architecture and development is the key solution to solve some technical challenges or impediments (hosting, staff turnover, etc.) that GBIF nodes could face. The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) team developed a functionality called ‘data hub’. It gives the possibility to create a standalone website with a dedicated occurrence search engine that seeks among a range of data (e.g. specific genus, geographic area). In 2017, GBIF Benin and GBIF France wanted to strengthen their partnership and started a CESP project. One of the core objectives of this project is the creation of the Atlas of Living Benin using ALA modules. GBIF France developers, with the help of the GBIF Benin team, are in the process of configuring a data hub that will give access to Beninese data only, while at the same time Atlas of Living France will give access to French data only. Both data portals will use the same back end, therefore the same databases. Benin is the first African GBIF node to implement this kind of infrastructure. On this poster, we will present the Atlas of Living Benin specific architecture and how we have managed to distinguish data coming from Benin and coming from France.
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Winichakul, Thongchai. "Asian Studies across Academies." Journal of Asian Studies 73, no. 4 (November 2014): 879–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814001065.
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Let me begin with a conversation I had with the late David Wyatt of Cornell University, a prominent historian of Thailand and the 1993 president of the AAS, at one of the AAS meetings in Boston. I asked Professor Wyatt, what was the question about Thai history he got most often from Thai colleagues? His answer was:1)Was the execution of the king in 1782 by the founder of the current dynasty legitimate? If not, why did he do it?2)Was the death of another king in 1946 an accident, a suicide, or an assassination, and if it was the last one, who did it?
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Albasri, Abdulkader, and Irfan Ansari. "The histopathological pattern of benign and non-neoplastic skin diseases at King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia." Saudi Medical Journal 40, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.6.24205.
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Falah, Fajrul. "Bentuk Hegemoni dalam Novel Bidadari Bermata Bening Karya Habiburrahman el Shirazy." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 3 (August 30, 2020): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.15.3.322-329.
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This research is based on the view that the characters in the novel have characters, roles and powers. The power of the figures shifts according to their respective roles and contexts. The research objective of the novel Bidadari Bermata bening (BBB) is to reveal the forms of character hegemony. This research enters the realm of sociology of literature with the Gramsci hegemony approach. The research method of the novel BBB is descriptive qualitative. The primary data of this research are in the form of words, sentences, paragraphs contained in the novel BBB. . The primary data of this research are in the form of words, sentences, paragraphs contained in the novel BBB. Secondary data or sources are in the form of a set of knowledge to explain the forms of hegemony. The research data were analyzed and interpreted based on the hegemony approach. The results showed, the form of hegemony in BBB, namely, kiai's son and servant strong. Kia;s son played Gus Afif and Ayna as servant strong. Gus Afif as kiai’s son handsome, and kind-hearted capable captivate Ayna. Likewise Ayna, as servant strong, capable melting heart Gus Afif. The hegemony of the two figures went well and peacefully, not coercion. The two characters are married and happy.
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RUSMIN, DEVI, MELATI, S. MELATI, S, WAHYUNI WAHYUN, and SUKARMAN SUKARMAN. "PENGARUH UMUR PANEN TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI TERNA SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.21-27.
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ABSTRAK<br />Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas benih<br />sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) adalah waktu panen.<br />Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan<br />untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur panen terhadap viabilitas benih serta<br />hubungannya dengan produksi terna sambiloto. Percobaan dilakukan di<br />KP. Cimanggu dan Laboratorium, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan<br />Aromatik, dari Maret 2005 – Maret 2006. Percobaan disusun dalam<br />rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan stadia umur<br />panen dan 4 ulangan. Stadia umur panen yang diuji yaitu 18, 21, 22, 23,<br />24, 25, 26, 27, 28, dan 29 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Variabel yang<br />diamati yaitu mutu benih (daya berkecambah benih, kecepatan<br />berkecambah), pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang),<br />serta produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, dan bobot<br />kering batang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Umur panen<br />benih berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah benih dan kecepatan<br />berkecambah benih sambiloto; daya berkecambah dan kecepatan<br />berkecambah tertinggi didapatkan pada umur panen benih 22 dan 21 HSA<br />(67,00 dan 55,00)%; sedangkan daya berkecambah yang terendah<br />diperoleh pada umur panen 18 HSA (23,50)%, (2) Umur panen benih<br />berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang pada tanaman<br />umur 1 bulan. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang tertinggi berturut-turut<br />didapatkan pada perlakuan umur panen benih 27 dan 26 HSA (39, 63<br />dan 36,58 cm serta 16,71 dan 16,61 buah); dan (3) Umur panen benih<br />berpengaruh terhadap produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering<br />daun, bobot kering batang) pada umur 3 bulan. Bobot basah tanaman,<br />bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang tertinggi didapatkan pada<br />perlakuan umur panen benih 27 HSA (291,25, 28, 27 dan 28,86)g. Bobot<br />basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang terendah<br />didapatkan pada perlakuan 18 HSA (217,09, 22,10 dan 20,24)g. Umur<br />panen benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah cabang pada umur 3<br />bulan.<br />Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, umur panen,<br />viabilitas, produksi, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />The influence of harvesting time on the seed viability and<br />the relationship with herb yield of king bitter<br />(Andrographis paniculata Nees)<br />One of the main factors influencing the viability of king bitter<br />(Andrographis paniculata Nees) is appropriate harvesting time. Based on<br />this problem a research was conducted to study the relationship between<br />seed maturity and seed viability, and herb yield of king bitter. The research<br />was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station and in the laboratory of<br />Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI)<br />from March 2005 to March 2006. The experiment was arranged in a<br />randomized block design with 10 seed maturity stages and 4 replications.<br />Maturity seed tested was 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 days<br />after anthesis. The observations were made on seed quality (percentage of<br />seed germination, and rate of seed germination), plant growth (plant<br />height, number of branches) and herb yield (fresh herb weight, leaf dry<br />weight, and stem dry weight). The results of experiment indicated that (1)<br />seed maturity affected seed germination, and rate of seed germination of<br />king bitter; the highest seed germination and germination rate were<br />achieved by seeds harvested at 21 and 22 days after anthesis, (2) stage of<br />seed harvesting affected on the plant height and number of branches at 1<br />month after planting. The highest plant height and number of branches<br />were found on the treatments of seeds harvested at 26 and 27 days after<br />anthesis, they were 39.63 and 36.58 cm and 16.71 and 16.61; (3) seed<br />maturity also affected herb production, such as wet weight of plants, dry<br />weight of leaf and dry weight of steam at 3 moths after planting. Wet<br />weight of plant, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of stem were achieved<br />at the treatments of seeds harvested at 27 days after anthesis, they were<br />291.25, 28.27 and 28.86 g. The lowest of wet of plant weight, dry weight<br />of leaf and dry weight of stem were found on the seeds harvested at 18<br />days after anthesis. They were 217.09, 22.10 and 20.24 g. Moreover, the<br />stage of harvesting did not influence the number of branches at 3 months<br />after planting.<br />Key words: King bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, seed maturity,<br />viability, production, West Java
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Xiaohu, Shi. "Political party diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in seven decades since founding of PRC: Innovations in practice and theory." Napredak 2, no. 2 (2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2-32684.
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Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China has found itself in a complicated international situation and arduous development tasks. The CPC has steadily promoted its foreign exchanges in the process of inheritance and development. It has achieved leaps in practice of the theoretical innovations in party to party diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, which contributed significantly to the central missions of the Party and the nation, as well as the overall strategy of the state diplomacy. Starting at a new historical phase, it is crucial to summarize the experience of the practical and theoretical innovations in party to party diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. It is also of great importance to discover the basic logic and principles therein. All of which would provide practical significance for promoting a benign interaction between the practice and theory of party to party diplomacy, and make greater contribution.
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Rait, Suzanne. "New Year’s Thoughts and Thanks." Neonatal Network 27, no. 1 (January 2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.27.1.5.
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AS THE YEAR ENDS AND THE NEW ONE BEGINS, MANY of us are introspective. We begin to think back on the past year and into the future, and review our life’s journey. We question, how did we get where we are? And, do we like where we are? We begin to wonder, what kind of changes should we make in our lives now?
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. "Wat heb jij aan je benen? De leefwereld van het lichamelijk gehandicapte kind." Kind en adolescent 13, no. 1 (March 1992): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03060448.
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Moses, Greg. "To Begin Where We Have Not Yet Reached: Affirmative Action in the Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr." NWSA Journal 10, no. 3 (October 1998): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/nws.1998.10.3.54.
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Nabel, Jake. "ARSACID BEVERAGES IN LUCAN." Classical Quarterly 69, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838819000806.
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In the eighth book of Lucan's Bellum Ciuile, Pompey sends the Galatian king Deiotarus into the distant East to seek an alliance with Parthia, the vast empire beyond the Euphrates ruled by the Arsacid dynasty. His instructions to Deiotarus begin with these lines (8.211–14):‘quando’ ait ‘Emathiis amissus cladibus orbis,qua Romanus erat, superest, fidissime regum,Eoam temptare fidem populosque bibentisEuphraten et adhuc securum a Caesare Tigrim.’
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Ogouvide, Tchekpo Fortune, Ygue Patrice Adegbola, Roch Cedrique Zossou, Afio Zannou, and Gauthier Biaou. "Farmers' preferences and willingness to pay for microcredit in Benin: results from in-the-field choice experiments in Benin." Agricultural Finance Review 80, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 665–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-01-2020-0004.
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PurposeThis document analyses farmers' preferences and willingness to pay (CAP) for microcredit, in order to facilitate their access in rural areas.Design/methodology/approachData are based on a discrete choice experiment with 400 randomly selected farmers from 20 villages of the 7 Benin agricultural development hubs (ADHs). The preference choice modelling was performed using mixed logit (MXL) and latent class logit (LCL) models. Farmers' willingness to pay for each preferred attribute was estimated. The endogenous attribute attendance (EAA) model was also used to capture attribute non-attendance (ANA) phenomenon.FindingsThe results indicate that, on average, farmers prefer individual loans, low interest rates, in kind + cash loans, cash loans, disbursement before planting and loans with at least 10-month duration. These preferences vary according to farmers' classes. Farmers are willing to pay higher or lower interest rates depending on attribute importance. The estimate of the EAA model indicates that, when taking the ANA phenomenon into consideration, people will show stronger attitudes regarding WTP for important factors.Research limitations/implicationsBased on these results from Benin, microfinance institutions (MFIs) in developing countries can, based on the interest rates currently charged, attract more farmers as customers, reviewing the combination of the levels of the attributes associated with the nature of the loan, the type of loan (individual or collective), the disbursement period of funds, the waiting period of the loan and the loan duration. However, the study only considered production credit, ignoring equipment or investment credit.Practical implicationsThe document provides information on the key factors that can facilitate producers' access to MFI products and services.Social implicationsFacilitating small farmers' access to financial service will contribute to poverty reduction.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the knowledge of the attributes and attribute levels favoured by farmers when choosing financial products and the amounts they agree to pay for these attributes. The implementation of the results would facilitate small producers' access to financial services; thus contributing to poverty reduction.
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Head, Naomi. "Costly encounters of the empathic kind: a typology." International Theory 8, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971915000238.
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While considerable attention is being accorded to emotions in International Relations, this article seeks to integrate empathy into these interdisciplinary debates. It counters the dominant assumption that empathy tends to be largely benign and beneficial by conceptualizing a typology of the costs of empathy. The dimensions of costs addressed are epistemological, cognitive, emotional, material, and embodied. I argue that these costs are frequently tangible for those who make the ethical-political choice to engage in empathy in situations of conflict and political violence. Drawing on social psychology approaches, empathy is located within a framework of collective narratives, emotions, and social structures shaped by both micro- and macro-political processes. A model of empathy, which acknowledges social influences and the psychological mechanisms through which these influences may be mediated, contributes to a deeper understanding of how politics, psychology, and culture shape empathy and, crucially, helps understand the conditions which may affect the successes, limitations, and failures of empathy in the (international) political sphere. The article offers empirical illustrations of the costs of empathy drawing on examples from Israel and Palestine.
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Dirks, Nicholas B. "From Little King to Landlord: Property, Law, and the Gift under the Madras Permanent Settlement." Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, no. 2 (April 1986): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500013888.
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In the last few years, modern historians of India have pushed the historical frontier of their field backwards in time. Colonialism is no longer considered the great watershed it once was thought to be. Historians who concern themselves with economic processes such as protoindustrialization tend in particular to minimize the impact of the consolidation of colonial rule in the late eighteenth century. Changes viewed as significant by these historians usually begin with the introduction of capitalism and the early encroachment of a world system, both of which predate the full political realization of colonialism. Historians who concern themselves with political changes tend in the other direction, although increasingly they have proposed major continuities between the ancien régime and the early colonial state. Historians concerned with social change view colonialism as significant but invoke various new forms of dualism to account for the limited effects of colonialism on local social forms. Whatever their differences, all of these historians agree that the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are crucial for viewing later changes in economy, polity, and society, and, from their varying theoretical and ideological perspectives, delight in excoriating traditional views of India as static and “traditional” before the arrival of the British.
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May, David M. "Counting Kings (Revelation 17:10): A novel approach from Roman imperial coinage." Review & Expositor 114, no. 2 (May 2017): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637317701091.
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The identity of the seven kings in Revelation 17:9–10 has been a point of contention and confusion. The issue revolves around where to begin the count of Roman emperors who would correspond with the unnamed kings in Revelation. This article utilizes a special series of Roman imperial coins (called restoration coins) as evidence to identify the seven kings. The evidence suggests that the five kings “who have fallen” are the past emperors Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius, Galba, and Vespasian. The “one who is” represents the current emperor Titus, and the other “who has not yet come” is the anticipated reign of Domitian.
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Batawil, Nadia A. "Solitary Lesions on Bone Scintigraphy in Patients with Breast Cancer King Abdulaziz University Medical Centre Experience." Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Medical Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/med.22-1.2.
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The discrepancy between bone scintigraphy and computed tomography scanning for solitary bony lesion in patients who have breast cancer is challenging to the referral physician. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of malignancy in solitary lesions on bone scintigraphy in patients who had breast cancer at King Abdulaziz University Medical Centre, and to compare the results between bone scintigraphy and computed tomography scanning. There were 89 patients who had a solitary bone lesion noted on bone scintigraphy and computed tomography performed within 3 months of bone scintigraphy. The solitary bone lesions were benign in 56 (63%) patients and malignant in 33 patients (37%). There were 15 (17%) malignant lesions in bone scan that had initial computed tomography findings that were negative or equivocal for bone metastasis, but all these lesions had destructive changes on follow-up computed tomography scan. In summary, at this medical center the frequency of malignancy is high (37%) in solitary bone lesions in patients who have breast cancer, regardless of appearance of the lesion on an initial computed tomography scan. Prospective study with a larger group of patients is recommended.
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Pickron, Charisse B., and Erik W. Cheries. "Infants’ Individuation of Faces by Gender." Brain Sciences 9, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9070163.
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By 3 months of age, infants can perceptually distinguish faces based upon differences in gender. However, it is still unknown when infants begin using these perceptual differences to represent faces in a conceptual, kind-based manner. The current study examined this issue by using a violation-of-expectation manual search individuation paradigm to assess 12- and 24-month-old infants’ kind-based representations of faces varying by gender. While infants of both ages successfully individuated human faces from non-face shapes in a control condition, only the 24-month-old infants’ reaching behaviors provided evidence of their individuating male from female faces. The current findings help specify when infants begin to represent male and female faces as being conceptually distinct and may serve as a starting point for socio-cognitive biases observed later in development.