Academic literature on the topic 'King of France'
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Journal articles on the topic "King of France"
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Rosenkrantz, Max. "The King of France Restored." Metaphysica 8, no. 2 (August 3, 2007): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12133-007-0013-8.
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Backman, Clifford R., and Jean Richard. "Saint Louis: Crusader King of France." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 25, no. 1 (1994): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206126.
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Edbury, Peter W. "Saint Louis: crusader king of France." History of European Ideas 17, no. 5 (September 1993): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(93)90269-v.
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Marvick, Elizabeth Wirth, and Frederic J. Baumgartner. "Henry II: King of France, 1547-1559." American Historical Review 94, no. 3 (June 1989): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873851.
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Holt, Mack P., and Frederic J. Baumgartner. "Henry II: King of France, 1547-1559." Sixteenth Century Journal 19, no. 3 (1988): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2540492.
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Dunbabin, Jean. "What's in a Name? Philip, King of France." Speculum 68, no. 4 (October 1993): 949–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865492.
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Hirschfeld, H. "'Am I in France?': King Lear and Source." Notes and Queries 56, no. 4 (November 24, 2009): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjp177.
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Vincent, Nicholas. "King Henry III and the Blessed Virgin Mary." Studies in Church History 39 (2004): 126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015047.
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Much has been written of the Marian devotions of King Louis IX of France. Louis, so we are told, would mortify his flesh on the vigils of the four principal feasts of the Virgin. Regular pilgrimages were made by the King to the great Marian shrines of France, most notably those of Chartres and Rocamadour. Day by day, in his own chapel, the King listened to matins, tierce and compline sung with the appropriate offices of Our Lady, and on Tuesdays and Saturdays the Mass itself was dedicated to the Virgin. When the King took communion, which he did on six principal feast-days each year, two of these feasts, the Assumption and the Purification, were those of the Virgin. Rather than listen to ribald or secular songs, Louis preferred the singing of the Ave Maria stella.
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Blum, Marina. "Eine habsburgische Quelle im Kampf gegen Frankreich: Vollmacht Kaiser Friedrichs III. an König Maximilian, 1493." historia.scribere, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.13.624.
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A Habsburg Source in the Struggle against France: The Power of Attorney of Emperor Frederick III to King Maximilian, 1493This paper deals with a medieval source that has received little attention in research so far: the power of attorney of Emperor Frederick III to King Maximilian of 1493. This historical document, which calls for the punishment of the French king, is marked by years of conflict between Maximilian I and Charles VIII of France. The source provides a crucial insight into the propaganda of Frederick III and Maximilian I.
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Monckton, Linda. "Fit for a King? The Architecture of the Beauchamp Chapel." Architectural History 47 (2004): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00001684.
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One of the two wealthiest men of his generation in England, Richard Beauchamp, thirteenth Earl of Warwick, served under three Lancastrian kings: he had been tutor to the young Henry VI, ambassador to the Council of Constance, variously Captain of Calais and of Rouen, and he had, of course, fought in the service of the kings of England in France. In 1437 he was made Lieutenant-General and Governor of France and Normandy, leaving for France in August of that year and it was during this trip, two years later, that he died, in 1439, in Rouen, aged fifty-eight. He had made a good first marriage in 1397 to Elizabeth, only daughter and heir of Thomas Berkeley, followed by an excellent second in 1423, to Isabel, daughter of the Earl of Gloucester and eventually sole heir to the Despencer fortune, and also widow of Richard’s cousin and namesake the Earl of Worcester (who had died in 1422).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "King of France"
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Frank, Christoph Daniel. "The mechanics of triumph : public ceremony and civic pageantry under Louis XIV." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8760.
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Heinrich, Brittany Nicole. "Satirical imagery of the grotesque body of Louis XIV : pushing the corporeal limits of France." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98929.
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The establishment of the French Absolutism under King Louis XIV depended in part on pictorial representation generated by the French Academy. As a vehicle and institute of the state, the Academy created a canon of imagery, which was known throughout Europe. This enabled Louis XIV's image to be reversed by the creators of the satirical images. The makers of the reverse image appropriated the institutionalized styles and genres of royal portraiture to create innovative satirical images of the monarch using the very canon Louis XIV sanctioned. In its analysis of a small body of satirical imagery, the thesis draws on various theories about the body of the king proposed by Jean-Marie Apostolides, Ernst Kantorowicz and Louis Marin. A comparison of satirical images with official images of the king demonstrates the successful strategies of satirical imagery and the collective need for these kinds images in the seventeenth century.
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Nelson, Eric W. "The king, the Jesuits and the French Church, 1594-1615." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:78447dd8-1dbb-4a2f-8aee-f964c293faa9.
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This thesis offers a re-examination of the expulsion, return and subsequent integration of the Jesuits into France during the reign of Henry IV and the regency of Marie de Medicis (1594- 1615). Drawing on archival material from Paris, Rome and London, it argues that in order to understand the Society of Jesus's role in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century France one must understand the circumstances of their return. The critical moment for the Society in France, this study contends, was the promulgation of the Edict of Rouen in 1603, not their expulsion in 1594. The Edict and the royal goodwill which sanctioned it gave the Society a legal standing in France and established a set of conditions which formed the basis for a new Jesuit role in the French church and wider society. Moreover, the Edict of Rouen was more than just an attempt by Henry IV to bring peace to the Catholic church; it was also an important assertion of royal authority in the French church. Indeed, I argue that the return of the Society exclusively through royal clemency or grâce defined an important alliance between the monarchy and the Jesuits which was to be a significant feature of the French church for more than a century. Although numerous historians have already looked at various aspects of this important topic, this thesis is the first to argue that the most important development of this period for our understanding of the Society's position and role in France was the accommodation of the Society by the French church and French royal administrative structures after the king's will was expressed in 1603. It also asserts that it was the reality of compromise not the rhetoric of conflict which should shape our understanding of the Society's integration into France and their role in the French church in the seventeenth century.
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Runyan, Aimie Kathleen. "Daughters of the King and Founders of a Nation: Les Filles du Roi in New France." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28470/.
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The late seventeenth century was a crucial era in establishing territorial claims on the North American continent. In order to strengthen France's hold on the Quebec colony, Louis XIV sent 770 women across the Atlantic at royal expense in order to populate New France. Since that time, these women known as the filles du roi, have often been reduced to a footnote in history books, or else mistakenly slandered as women of questionable morals. This work seeks to clearly identify the filles du roi through a study of their socioeconomic status, educational background, and various demographic factors, and compare the living conditions they had in France with those that awaited them in Canada. The aim of this undertaking is to better understand these pioneer women and their reasons for leaving France, as well as to identify the lasting contributions they made to French-Canadian culture and society.
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De, Waele Michel. "Une question de confiance? : le parlement de Paris et Henri IV, 1589-1599." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29008.
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From 1589 to 1599, the relation between Henri IV and the Parlement of Paris was a tumultuous one. Some parlementaires associated with the Catholic League refused at first to recognize Henri of Navarre as their king. These magistrates met in Paris until April 1594. Meanwhile, their royalist colleagues congregated in Tours where, in March 1589, Henri III had transferred his sovereign court. From there, the royalist councillors helped Henri IV reconquer his realm. This, they did in spite of his religion, although they frequently asked him to convert to Catholicism. After the reunification of the two rival courts in April 1594, the parlementaires seemed to work as one and blocked the verification of numerous edicts presented by the king. Their opposition was so strong that it has led some historians to claim that it was endangering the State's survival. It slowly faded away after the verification of the Edict of Nantes in February 1599. In a pacified France, the conflicts between a king finally in control of his realm and his parlementaires became rare. The magistrates finally had confidence in the government which seemed to take adequate measures to stabilize France after more than thirty years of civil wars.The difficult relationship between Henri IV and the Parlement of Paris between 1589 and 1599 was not created by the egoistic nature of the magistrates or their incompetence as claimed by numerous historians. If some of the Parlementaires--we will call them the "opportunists"--put their own interests before those of the realm, a majority of their colleagues had a very high idea of their political role within France, an idea based on centuries of relation between the kings of France and the Parlement as well as on the political role of the court as defined by theorists of the time. Confronted to a king they hardly knew, these "traditionalists", on whom this work will be centered, tried to make sure that the interests of the kingdom, its king and its inhabitants were protected. They would not give Henri IV's government the leeway it sought but would scrutinize and frequently block the edicts presented to them, and this until Henri IV proved that he could be trusted as the head of the realm.
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Balint, Robert. "The ecclesiastical policy of King Henry III of England : episcopal appointments, 1226-1272." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16347.
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Lavieille, Géraldine. "L’icône royale : fabrications collectives et usages politiques de l’image religieuse du roi de France au Grand Siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3050.
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Les transformations qui interviennent en France à la suite des guerres de Religion modifient l’imbrication des sphères politique et religieuse. La scission entre protestants et catholiques, la triple reconstruction religieuse, nationale et étatique, les évolutions des pratiques et croyances religieuses ainsi que la nouvelle vigueur des gallicanismes induisent des mutations dans la dimension religieuse des conceptions du pouvoir royal entre le règne d’Henri IV et celui de Louis XIV, évolutions appréciables sur le plan symbolique. De 1589 à 1715, une iconographie abondante place le roi dans une situation religieuse, le met en rapport avec des personnages saints ou divins, ou souligne l’importance de son action en matière religieuse. Ces portraits du roi régnant ou de rois défunts, produits en des lieux disséminés sur le territoire métropolitain du XVIIe siècle, révèlent une autre image du pouvoir royal que l’iconographie plus amplement étudiée jusqu’ici. Elle intègre une sacralité héritée, fruit d’une longue construction médiévale dont l’importance se lit toujours au Grand Siècle, et des éléments neufs, qui passent en particulier par l’essor de cultes associant le roi et ses sujets, comme celui de saint Louis ou celui de Marie, marqué par le vœu de Louis XIII. Elle doit en outre se comprendre dans le cadre de l’évolution du droit divin, dans ses rapports avec l’autorité et le pouvoir du roi. L’image d’harmonie qui est élaborée témoigne de la place de cette iconographie dans la légitimation d’un ordre politique et social liant espace terrestre et monde céleste. La genèse de ces objets divers (peintures, sculptures, gravures, etc.), souvent éloignée de la cour, entretenant des relations parfois très ténues avec le pouvoir royal, ne peut être envisagée comme le fruit d’une propagande : elle souligne plutôt des fabrications collectives du portrait religieux du roi. Ainsi, cette thèse propose une histoire culturelle du politique, s’appuyant sur une approche iconographique intégrant les pratiques sociales et les théories politiquesThe transformations that occurred in France after the Wars of Religion altered the interweaving between the political and the religious spheres. The split between Protestants and Catholics, the rebuilding of the church, the nation and the state, the transformations of the religious beliefs and practices, and the new strength of the gallicanisms led to changes in the religious idea of the royal power between the reign of Henry IV and Louis XIV. These evolutions are assessable on a symbolic level. From 1589 to 1715, an abundant iconography places the monarch in a religious situation, puts him in touch with saints or God, or underlines the importance of his action in the religious field. These portraits of the reigning king or deceased kings, produced in dispatched places in the kingdom, reveal a different image of the royal power than the iconography that has most been studied up to now. It includes an inherited sacrality, built during the Middle Ages and still important in the 17th century, and new elements, which entail the growth of cults associating the monarch and his subjects, such as the cults of saint Louis and the Virgin Mary, marked by the vow of Louis XIII. It must furthermore be understood within the framework of the evolution of the divine right, in its links with the royal authority and power. It builds an image of harmony that shows the place of the iconography in the legitimization of a political and social order linking terrestrial and celestial spaces. The creation of these objects (paintings, sculptures, engravings, etc.), often far away from the court, often in loose relationships with the royal power, cannot be understood as propaganda: it rather emphasizes collective makings of the religious portrait of the king. Thus, this thesis offers a cultural history of the political field, leaning on an iconographic approach including social practices and political theories
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Shakibi, Zhand Paul. "The King, the Tsar, the Shah : agency and the making of revolution in Bourbon France, Romanov Russia and Pahlavi Iran." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250158.
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Vial, Charles-Eloi. "Les chasses des souverains en France (1804-1830)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040222.
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Activité prisée des rois de France depuis l'époque médiévale, la chasse était devenue pour les derniers Bourbons plus une passion dévorante qu'une simple distraction. Louis XV et Louis XVI furent critiqués par l'opinion publique naissante, qui considérait que leurs chasses onéreuses les éloignaient du gouvernement. Après la chute de la monarchie, les chasses royales disparurent. Elles furent remises au goût du jour par Napoléon Ier, soucieux de s'approprier les apparences de la légitimité monarchique. Le maréchal Berthier fut ainsi nommé Grand veneur en 1804. Grâce à lui, Napoléon put faire de ses chasses un instrument politique puissant, une distraction de Cour prisée, le tout avec une économie substantielle de moyens. La Restauration, au lieu de revenir à l'organisation d'Ancien Régime, choisit de conserver l'équipage de chasse et l'administration mise en place pour Napoléon, qui fonctionnèrent jusqu'en 1830. Naquit ainsi le paradoxe d'une Restauration affichant, à la suite de l'Empire, la volonté de renouer avec la tradition monarchique, mais cela grâce à un équipage formé pour Napoléon. C'est cette continuité, humaine, budgétaire, mais aussi politique et symbolique qu'il convient d'étudier au travers des éléments constitutifs des chasses : une implantation autour de Paris permettant une circulation de la Cour autour de différentes résidences de chasse, une pratique régulière destinée à la distraction du souverain et de ses proches, des invitations de personnages politiquement importants, qui donnent à certains jours de chasse bien précis une résonance particulière. Autant d'aspects qui se retrouvent dans les sources : archives, journaux, mémoires, œuvres d'artHunting had always been the privileged activity of kings since the mediaeval period, and for the later Bourbons it became a consuming passion. Indeed Louis XV and Louis XVI were to be criticized by a proto public opinion ; it was thought that hunts were expensive and that they distracted the rulers from the duties of government. The royal hunts disappeared with the fall of the monarchy. But Napoleon, with his desire to appropriate the outward show of monarchical legitimacy, brought it back. Marshal Berthier was appointed Grand veneur and given the task of organizing the imperial hunt in exactly the same way as it had been done under Louis XVI. Napoleon made the hunts a powerful political instrument and a Court indulgence whilst at the same time making considerable savings. The Restoration in fact chose not to revive Ancien Régime customs but preserved the Napoleonic hunting administration. This gave rise to the paradox of a Restoration attempting to reinvigorate monarchical traditions but using structures created by Napoleon. This is that strong continuity, human, budgetary, but also political and symbolic, inside a geographical field concentrated around Paris that made it possible for the Court to circulate around the different imperial hunting residences, to dedicate certain days to the hunts, and to invite some important political figures. All of these aspects are to be found in the sources : archives, newspapers, autobiographies, artworks
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Bergeron, Elise. "Questions de genre dans les Mémoires de Marguerite de Valois." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29815.
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This Master's thesis belongs to the field of sixteenth century studies. The text I have chosen to study is the Memoires of Marguerite de Valois, begun in 1594 and published in 1628, thirteen years following the death of this queen. My analysis encompasses both the conventions of genre and rhetoric evidenced in the text. The first chapter explores the peculiarities inherent in the memoirs genre, especially where these explicitly distinguish it from the autobiography. The second chapter examines the rhetorical aspects of Marguerite de Valois' Memoires. In doing so, I have highlighted and analyzed the rhetorical strategies employed in the text, whose ultimate intent was to convince the initial reader, Brantome, and subsequently posterity, of the political astuteness of an author who was also worthy of her correspondent's trust as a loyal ally.
Books on the topic "King of France"
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D, Lloyd S., ed. Saint Louis: Crusader King of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
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Jean, Joinville. Saint Louis, King of France [microform]. London: S. Low, Marston & Co., 1985.
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Seward, Desmond. The warrior king and the invasion of France. New York: Pegasus Books, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "King of France"
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Mallia-Milanes, Victor. "Every Inch A King." In Louis XIV and France, 5–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07957-5_2.
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McMaster, R. D. "France of the Citizen King." In Thackeray’s Cultural Frame of Reference, 120–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12025-3_5.
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Abrusán, Márta, and Kriszta Szendröi. "Experimenting with the King of France." In Logic, Language and Meaning, 102–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31482-7_11.
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Gaude-Ferragu, Murielle. "Chapter 1: Marrying the King." In Queenship in Medieval France, 1300-1500, 11–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-93028-9_2.
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Wolf, Michael P. "‘The present King of France …’ (yet again)." In Philosophy of Language, 220–26. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003183167-42.
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Wolf, Michael P. "Russell on ‘the present King of France’." In Philosophy of Language, 51–57. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003183167-11.
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Linton, Marisa. "The Virtuous King: a Rhetoric Transformed." In The Politics of Virtue in Enlightenment France, 129–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-1962-5_6.
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Potter, David. "The King, his Council and the Secretariat." In A History of France, 1460–1560, 90–109. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23848-4_4.
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Romein, Christel Annemieke. "Patriots in France, Political Talks Between 1500s and 1650s." In Protecting the Fatherland: Lawsuits and Political Debates in Jülich, Hesse-Cassel and Brittany (1642-1655), 143–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74240-9_5.
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AbstractIn this second part of the book, I examine the French political terminology throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth century to contextualise the chapter on Brittany. Crucially between 1570 and 1620, the language changed fundamentally. During the sixteenth century, the focus was on le bien public and le bien de la chose publique. Under King Henry III and King Henry IV, this shifted to le bien de l’état. During the seventeenth century, this language became consolidated. Likewise, a shift from the use of patrie was visible from a province to the whole of France: during the sixteenth century, it was often used to indicate one’s province (e.g. Brittany) but could, in case of the king, be used for the whole of France.
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Hanley, Catherine. "King of France." In Louis, 195–224. Yale University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300217452.003.0010.
Full textConference papers on the topic "King of France"
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Guo, Ke. "King Louis IX of France - Personal Life and Leadership Success." In 2022 International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities and Arts (SSHA 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220401.214.
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Вербовский, Андрей. "THE VISUAL AND VERBAL PORTRAITS THE KING OF FRANCE CHARLES V THE WISE." In HISTORICAL EVENTS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY: a collection of materials of the seminar held within the framework of the All-Russian Youth Scientific School-Conference. Baskir State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/iskffei-2022-03-17.3.
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Кузьмина, М. В. "WOMAN AND POWER: THE LIMITS OF THE PERMISSIBLE (FRANCE, XIV–XVth CENTURIES)." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.74.61.002.
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В статье ставится вопрос о границах допустимого участия женщины в политической жизни во Франции в XIV–XV вв. Утверждается, что только те женщины, которые происходили из знатных и богатых семей, владевших земельной собственностью, имевшие влиятельных и богатых отцов, мужей, сыновей, могли рассчитывать на политическое влияние и проявление своих политических амбиций. Однако даже соответствие вышеуказанным критериям не гарантировало женщине быть приобщенной к власти, поскольку быть во власти – дело практически невозможное для женщин средневекового общества. Особо стоит вопрос о королевах, которые только в качестве регена королевства (как это произошло с супругой Карла VI Изабеллой Баварской) получали политическую власть, т. е. сам по себе статус королевы не означал, что она самостоятельно могла осуществлять власть, не делегированную ей королем. The article raises the question of the permissible limits of the women participation in political life in France in the XIV–XVth centuries. It is argued that only those women who came from noble and wealthy families, whose fathers, husbands, sons owned large land property, could provide political influ-ence and the manifestation of their political ambitions. However, even meeting the above criteria did not guarantee a woman to be involved in power, since being in power is an almost impossible task for women in medieval society. There is a special thing to speak about queens who only as regents of the kingdom (as happened with the wife of Charles VI Isabella of Bavaria) could receive political power, i. e. queen status in itself did not mean that she could independently exercise power not delegated to her by the king.
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Куцева, Е. А. "Activities of Loménie de Brienne, Head of The Royal Council of Finance of France, in the summer of 1787." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.012.
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В статье на основе законодательной базы, документации парламентов и материалов французской и европейской прессы рассматривается положение во Франции летом 1787 г., когда правительство во главе с Ломени де Бриенном в результате финансового кризиса вынуждено проводить серию реформ, направленных как на пополнение бюджета, так и на общее развитие страны. За короткий период были разработаны и проведены ряд реформ. Первой становится административная реформа, с введением провинциальных собраний, цель которых помощь правительству на местах, уточнение количества налогоплательщиков и пропорциональное распределение налогов. Разрабатывается как документация по введению провинциальных собраний для каждой провинции отдельно, так и общий регламент с уточненными функциями собраний. И с лета 1787 г. собрания начинают свою деятельность. Они были созданы на основе принципа выборности для улучшения действия королевской власти на местах. Учреждая новые органы власти, правительство оставило прежнюю администрацию, создав еще более громоздкий механизм управления. Для развития торговли были введены меры по введению свободной торговли зерном и замены натуральной дорожной повинности денежным налогом. Для пополнения бюджета власти планировали введения новых налогов – гербового сбора и поземельного налога, распространенного на все земли Франции без исключения. Но так как новые налоги затрагивали интересы привилегированных сословий, они встретили сопротивление парламента, который используя право регистрации эдиктов, тормозил их введения. Власти в ответ применили принцип Королевского заседания, когда в присутствии короля парламент обязан зарегистрировать эдикты. Но парламент даже после этого сопротивлялся, считая регистрацию недействительной. Начинается конфликт между королем и парламентом, который закончился ссылкой парламента в Труа. Осознав, что власти не намерены возвращать парламентариев в Париж, в конце августа – начале сентября начинаются переговоры между парламентариями и правительством, их итогом стала отмена введения новых налогов и возвращения старых, до этого отмененных, – двух двацатин. Таким образом, летом 1787 г. правительство проводит ряд реформ, но введения новых налогов вскрывает конфликт между правительством и парламентом. Именно тогда выдвигается идея созыва Генеральных штатов, которые и приведут Францию к революции 1789 г. The article, based on the legislative framework, documentation of parliaments and materials from the French and European press, examines the situation in France in summer of 1787, when the government led by Loménie de Brienne was forced to carry out a series of reforms as a result of the financial crisis, aimed both at replenishing the budget and for the overall development of the country. In a short period, a number of reforms have been developed and implemented. The first is the administrative reform, with the introduction of Provincial Assemblies, the purpose of which is to help the local government, clarify the number of taxpayers and establish proportional distribution of taxes. Documentation is being developed for the introduction of Provincial Assemblies for each province separately, as well as general regulations with clarified functions of assemblies. And beginning from summer of 1787, the meetings started their activities. These assemblies were created on the basis of the principle of election to improve the functioning of the royal power in the field. In establishing new authorities, the government abandoned the old administration, creating an even more cumbersome mechanism of governance. For the development of trade, measures were introduced to provide free trade in grain and to replace in-kind road service with a cash tax. To replenish the budget, the authorities planned the introduction of new taxes – the stamp duty and the land tax, extended to all the lands of France without exception. But since the new taxes had affected the interests of the privileged estates, they met the resistance of the Parliament, which, using the right to register edicts, hampered their introduction. In response, the authorities applied the principle of the Royal meeting, when in the presence of the king, parliament is obliged to register edicts. But even after that the Parliament resisted, considering the registration invalid. A conflict between the king and parliament once begun ended with the exile of parliament to Troyes. Realizing that the authorities did not intend to return the parliamentarians to Paris, in late August – early September, negotiations began between the parliamentarians and the government, their result was the abolition of the introduction of new taxes and the return of old taxes of two twenty, previously canceled. Thus, in summer of 1787, the government carried out a series of reforms, but the introduction of new taxes opened up a conflict between the government and Parliament. It was then that the idea of convening the States General was put forward, which would lead France to the revolution of 1789.
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Khizriyev, A. Kh. "The Creation of the United Saudi State in the Context of International Relations in the 1920s-1930s." In IV Международный научный форум "Наследие". SB RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-6049863-7-0-66-71.
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The article studies the most crucial period in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) – the emergence of the third Saudi state. This event was one of the immediate results of World War I since the winners – Great Britain and France – redrawn the Middle East map after the Ottoman Empire's dissolution. Its founder, Abdel-Aziz ibn Saud, played a vital role in creating the Saudi state. His personal leadership and diplomatic qualities influenced the success of restoring the Saudi state in the Arabian Peninsula. Nevertheless, the great powers were the main actors in this event and used it to create a political balance in the Middle East and gain their goals and interests in the region. Despite their prominent role in this process, they failed to obtain any significant benefits since the emergence of the Saudi state, and the policy of King Abdel-Aziz opened the door for the infiltration of American oil companies into the Middle East. Competing with British companies, they succeeded and eventually strengthened the political and economic influence of the USA in the Arab world.
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Daoust, Ph, P. Detroux, and J. Weverbergh. "European Nuclear Pressure Components: What Kind of Rules Do We Need?" In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75458.
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In Europe, Nuclear Pressure Components are subject to different sets of rules in different countries. In the 1970s, small and medium-sized countries generally adopted a complete American set of rules transposed into national legislation. Larger nations that already had more detailed legislation preferred to introduce a full set of their own national regulations. In the early 2000s, the Pressure Equipment Directive was introduced (PED) in each EU country. Its main aims were to standardize the approaches, to strengthen the evaluation of safety risks and to open up the market. This paper summarizes the regulatory developments. In connection with potential nuclear investments by the GDF SUEZ group in France, different studies and comparisons have been carried out within TE. The paper gives the principal conclusions and recommendations from the ongoing evaluation of the rules.
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BAYA, Abdelaziz. "Reformation literature in Morocco during the era of the French protectorate - Synthetic attempt -." In V. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress5-8.
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This paper will attempt to shed light on the reformist aspects that characterized the writings of the period from the second half of the 19th century to the end of the first half of the 20th century in the Kingdom of Morocco. These aspects, which became clear after the occupation of Algeria by France and the defeat of Morocco at the Battle of Asli and Tetouan, constituted a kind of call to organize the army and to structure it according to the European system. Then they expanded to include most areas
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Zammit, Sarah-Jane. "Notre-Dame as the Memory of Paris: Hugo, the Historical Novel and Conservation." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME: SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5050pxtvl.
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Controversies surrounding the restoration and representation of the narrative and memory of Notre-Dame de Paris are not new. The latest debates remind us that the building has been at the centre of conservation controversies since the nineteenth century. But why is Notre-Dame de Paris central to these debates? The answer appears to lie in its function as a mnemonic device for Paris and the French nation. This paper focuses on the four literary pieces published by Victor Hugo in the period between 1823 and 1832 – ‘Le Bande Noir’ (‘The Black Band’), ‘Note sur la Destruction des Monuments en France’ (‘Note on the Destruction of Monuments in France’), ‘Guerre aux Démolisseurs!’ (‘War on the Demolishers!’) and Notre-Dame de Paris (also known as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame). Through an analysis of these four texts, the paper will attempt to understand Hugo’s convictions about the role of buildings – especially Notre-Dame de Paris – in establishing the memory of the city and the nation, and how these in turn underpinned his arguments for conservation. Whilst these texts were all written in a period before the development of key contemporary concepts in the psychology and neuroscience of memory, this paper nevertheless uses the concepts of memory, imagination and Mental Time Travel to try to understand the kind of memory work that the Cathedral performs, and that Hugo suggests it performs in his writing. By examining how Hugo’s literature augmented and engaged the reader’s memory and imagination of the past, this paper will explain how Hugo romanticised the idea that the building was a witness to history. The paper ultimately argues that Hugo positioned Notre-Dame de Paris not only as the centrepiece in his own fiction, but as a beacon of memory for Paris and France, and as such the building came to represent Paris, and indeed the nation as a whole.
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Ryabov, S. M. "“Discourse on the overthrow of the king of Sweden” of Charles de Danzay: source on the history of the Baltic question 60-70 years of the XVI Century." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0032.
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“Discourse on the overthrow of the king of Sweden” was written by the French diplomat resident in Copenhagen Charles de Danzay in 1568. It tells about the events of the overthrow of the Swedish monarch Eric XIV that occurred in the same 1568 by his brothers: Dukes Karl and Johan. Danzay in his “Discourse” gives estimates of the regime of Eric XIV. The work allows us to compare it with The Opritchnina regime of Ivan IV the terrible. The article also discusses the “Muscovite plot” related to the overthrow of Eric XIV: the so-called “the case of Katerina Jagiellonka”. In addition, the topic of Franch presence in the Baltic is briefly touched upon. In the article, the author comes to the conclusion that “Discourse” Danzay is a valuable source on the history of Sweden and Russia, the Baltic question in the XVI century Northern Seven years' war, which can shed light on many until today the dark questions.
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Zhiliuk, Sergei A. "IS WALTHARIUS A BACKSTORY TO LEGEND ABOUT THE NIBELUNGS?" In Second Scientific readings in memory of Professor V. P. Berkov. St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063575.
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The article discusses a Latin poem Waltharius (8th–10th centuries) based on a legend about Walther of Aquitaine. The action of the Waltharius take place before that of the legend about the Nibelungs, but having been compared to each other, the plots do not have much in common. Waltharius is not a backstory, it is rather another German epic poem in terms of its plot. There are differences in the ending (wounds of Guntharius and Hagano are not mentioned in the Lay), the character of Hagano is much more elaborated, Guntharius and Hagano belong to the Francs. Nevertheless both texts have similar motives, e. g. there are those of treasure and acquisition of a bride, Guntharius’ character reflects peculiarities of his historical prototype Gundahar, king of the Burgundians.
Reports on the topic "King of France"
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network high elevation white pine monitoring: 2021 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302327.
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Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2021 field season, which was the eighth year of monitoring in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The 2021 goal was to complete the third full re-measure of the second of three rotating panels (Panel 2) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. The first full measure of all Panel 2 plots was completed over two years in 2013-2014, then a full remeasure of both parks? whitebark pine Panel 2 was conducted in 2016, with 10 of 12 SEKI-foxtail plots sampled that year. A third remeasure of all Panel 2 plots was not possible in 2021 because a smaller crew size was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the crew visited 37 sites, and sampled 31, during the 2021 field season. One plot in the YOSE whitebark pine frame was uninstalled before reading and one plot in the SEKI whitebark pine frame was uninstalled after reading, both for safety concerns. Four plots were not visited due to lack of capacity with the reduced crew size: one in each of the YOSE and SEKI whitebark frames, and three in the SEKI foxtail frame. A plot from Panel 3 in each of the parks? whitebark frames was measured, for a total of 11 plots measured in each whitebark pine frame. Nine plots were measured in the SEKI foxtail pine frame. Within the 31 plots completed, a total of 5,728 trees was measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction, including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, female cone production and regeneration were recorded. During the 2021 field season, crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, 11 whitebark pine plots were re-measured, from Panels 2 and 3. A total of 2,810 trees were sampled, which included 586 live whitebark pine trees and 2,097 other live conifers. An additional 127 trees (including 17 whitebark pine) were recorded as dead. The forest crew noted little sign of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in Yosemite in 2021, and just a single inactive canker was observed on one whitebark pine in Panel 3, Plot 42, near Dana Meadows. This infection was new to plot 42, and it expands the total number of plots where white pine blister rust has been documented in Yosemite to six. The crew also noted little mountain pine beetle activity, documenting beetle galleries on 15 lodgepole pines in three Panel 2 plots. Dwarf mistletoe was not observed. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 53 (SD = 56). This was a low cone crop year for whitebark pine, with two percent of live whitebark pine trees producing female cones. Cone bearing trees averaged 2 (SD = 1) cones per tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 90 (SD = 157) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was four, and three of the eleven plots contained whitebark seedlings. In SEKI, 10 of 12 Panel 2, and one Panel 3, whitebark pine plots were re-measured. Within these plots, 1,246 live whitebark pine, 30 live foxtail pine, and 861 other live conifers were sampled. WPBR was infrequently documented in the SEKI whitebark frame as well, with indicators of infection in Plot 31 near Window Creek and Plot 44 near Upper State Lake. These were the first infections documented in these plots, bringing the number of plots where WPBR has been documented in the SEKI whitebark panel to nine. Although WPBR was documented in Plot 27 near Charlotte Dome in 2016, it was not documented this year because putative cankers showing three signs of infection in 2016 showed only two or fewer signs in 2021. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in one live lodgepole pine and two recently dead whitebark pine, within three plots in the SEKI whitebark sample frame. An exception to the low levels of mountain pine beetle activity was outside Plot 31 in the Window Creek area, where the forest crew noted many recently dead whitebark pine with signs of beetle activity. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 113 (SD = 86). Less than one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones, each producing on average 2 (SD = 1) cones. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 303 (SD = 319) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was eight, and eight of the 11 plots contained whitebark seedlings. Nine of the 12 SEKI foxtail Panel 3 plots were remeasured. Within these plots, 413 live foxtail pine, 67 live whitebark pine, and 402 other live conifers were sampled. Ninety-two dead or recently dead trees were also documented, 65 of which were foxtail pine. No signs of blister rust infection, mistletoe, or mountain pine beetle were observed in the foxtail plots sampled. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 46 (SD = 33). Fifty-four percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones, averaging 14 (SD =15) cones/tree. Only one foxtail pine seedling was recorded within the 9 foxtail pine plots, resulting in an estimated 14 (SD = 41) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings were also found within two plots.
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Sánchez-Pájaro, Andrés, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, and Carolina Pérez-Ferrer. Social and built environment interventions to prevent alcohol, tobacco, and legal cannabis use: a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0101.
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Eligibility criteria: We will use the following inclusion criteria: 1) Document must mention by name or describe at least one intervention, strategy, program or policy to prevent alcohol, tobacco and legal cannabis use. 2) Document must contain enough information for the researchers to determine if the intervention, strategy, program or policy was aimed at modifying the social and/or built environment. 3) Intervention, strategy, program or policy must have been aimed at modifying the social and/or built environment, using the following definitions: Social environment: “…the immediate physical surroundings, social relationships, and cultural milieus within which defined groups of people function and interact…Social environments can be experienced at multiple scales, often simultaneously, including households, kin networks, neighborhoods, towns and cities, and regions…”; Built environment: “the surroundings or conditions designed and built through human intervention, where a person lives or operates”. 4) Document must mention that intervention/strategy/program/policy has been implemented within the last 30 years (1992-2022), whatever the setting, time frame, or subpopulation. 5) Document must be within the body of scientific literature (peer-reviewed articles, research journal commentaries, editorials, or perspective pieces), be a published book or book chapter, a government, multinational organization or non-profit organization report, or a dissertation/thesis. 6) Document must not be a conference abstract, public letter, speech transcript, budget report, independent website post or blog, or news article. 7) Document must be in English or Spanish. 8) Document must be open-source, publicly available online, or accessible through the INSP’s library services.
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Investigation on Design and Analysis of Passenger Car Body Crash-Worthiness in Frontal Impact Using Radioss. SAE International, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0498.
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Increasing advancement in automotive technologies ensures that many more lightweight metals become added to the automotive components for the purpose of light weighting and passenger safety. The accidents are unexpected incidents most drivers cannot be avoided that trouble situation. Crash studies are among the most essential methods for enhancing automobile safety features. Crash simulations are attempting to replicate the circumstances of the initial crash. Frontal crashes are responsible for occupant injuries and fatalities 42% of accidents occur on frontal crash. This paper aims at studying the frontal collision of a passenger car frame for frontal crashes based on numerical simulation of a 35 MPH. The structure has been designed to replicate a frontal collision into some kind of inflexible shield at a speed of 15.6 m/s (56 km/h). The vehicle’s exterior body is designed by CATIA V5 R20 along with two material properties to our design. The existing Aluminum alloy 6061 series is compared with carbon fiber IM8 material. The simulation is being carried out by us in the “Radioss” available in “Hyper mesh 17.0” software. The energy conservation and momentum energy absorption are carried out from this dynamic structural analysis.